DE102015006758A1 - Electric energy storage and distribution device, method and their use - Google Patents

Abstract

An electrical energy storage and distribution assembly secured to a wall with additional battery module securing means (3). This is optional and preferably with additional securing means for the lid (2) is arranged. Storage and distribution arrangement for electrical energy, with a housing, battery and connections with a circuit breaker (6), which conceals a safety device when switched on, so that the lid (2) can not be removed from the body (1). At least in one operating step, the power consumed may vary. The use of a storage and distribution arrangement for electrical energy so that this is done autonomously.

Description

The invention relates to storage and distribution arrangements for electrical energy, methods and their use. The invention is described in the context of lithium-ion batteries, but may also be used in conjunction with other electrical energy converters, spokes or distribution assemblies.

The energy transition not only results in a change in the technologies used for energy production, but also leads to structural change and a large number of decentralized, time-dependent generation or storage facilities. The resulting fluctuations in power production and the uneven loads on power grids require the use of storage technologies.

The present invention can be applied to or as energy storage, buffer storage for hybrid, industrial battery or purely electric vehicles, wiring systems and networks, charging stations or decentralized and central stationary applications, - the potential applications and specific requirements for batteries in the context of Realizing electromobility and energy transition or efficiency are as diverse as developments in the field of battery materials and types used. The system can be used to supply stationary consumers. It should be noted that the invention can also be used regardless of the type of battery, the chemistry of the cell or regardless of the type of consumer supplied.

The current global race in the development of advanced lithium-ion batteries for mobile and stationary applications opens up great potential for opening up new market segments. In particular, as decentralized stationary energy storage for the efficient use of renewable energies and support of grid stability.

However, the present invention may also be used for a significant number of other applications, such as an independent power supply (UPS), in conjunction with other power systems or energy converters, storage, and the like for use in a variety of segments.

D. h., The invention also supplies in parallel, possibly also in island operation and / or takes and gives temporary energy on or off, as far as the supply of electrical energy is diverse and fluctuating. Preferably, the invention is a component of a power supply or serves the power supply.

• • direkt im eigenen Netz verbraucht werden
• • oder nur gespeichert werden
• • oder parallel verbraucht und gespeichert werden
• • aus dem Speicher (der Batterie) für das eigene Netz genutzt werden

The aim of the operation of a battery in the energy storage is preferably to maximize the own power consumption while minimizing the power consumption from the grid. Thus, it should be ensured that the largest possible proportion of, for example, self-generated solar power can also be used by itself. The self-generated electricity can be combined in the overall system:

• • consumed directly in your own network
• • or saved only
• • or consumed and stored in parallel
• • be used from the memory (the battery) for your own network

When the battery is fully charged and there is still excess solar energy present, it is deliberately distributed to electrical devices. This is done either automatically or manually via so-called App's in particular via smartphone or tablet via the Internet or data networks. Another option is to connect an electric heater to the battery.

This allows excess solar power to be used for hot water production, which also saves energy costs. All this increases self-consumption even further and minimizes the feed-in of valuable solar energy into the grid. If excess energy is present, which may be the case especially for larger photovoltaic systems, the solar power is fed into the grid against the legal feed-in tariff.

An adaptive controller ensures the optimal use of self-generated electricity. If this control system is installed in the overall system, the anticipated power demand is determined at specific times on the basis of learned individual empirical values and the memory usage is regulated in such a way that an optimal balance between self-consumption, storage and grid feed-in is guaranteed. In addition, optimized battery management provides a charging strategy that charges the memory so that full charge is not reached until operation starts from memory, namely in the evenings. If more power is generated at certain times of the day than required for self-consumption and for battery charging, an automatic feed-in to the public grid takes place.

Clear graphs and statistics show consumption, generation, and memory status for any given time. Users can view all of their household's data in real time at any time, anywhere using any Internet-connected device. If necessary, diagrams also show how much self-consumption is currently and how much electricity has to be drawn from the grid.

• – Batteriemodule mit einer festgelegten Speicherkapazität
• – einer Leistungselektronik, die über einen Leiterstrang mit einer Anschlusseinheit zum Netzspannungs-Anschluss eines elektrischen Gebäudeversorgungsnetzes und/oder eines externen Energieversorgers verschaltet ist, wobei die Anschlusseinheit Netzanschlussbereiche für die Netzspannungs-Anschlüsse aufweist,
• – eine Steuerungseinrichtung zur Steuerung des angeschlossenen Speichersystems

Storage systems for storing electrical energy consist of the following components, which are combined in a housing as an assembly:

• - Battery modules with a fixed storage capacity
• A power electronics, which is connected via a conductor strand with a connection unit to the mains voltage connection of an electrical building supply network and / or an external energy supplier, wherein the connection unit has power connection areas for the mains voltage connections,
• - A control device for controlling the connected storage system

The DE 20 2013 011 937 U1 proposes to arrange the terminal unit movable in or on the housing and that the conductor strand has such a length and is arranged in and / or on the housing, that can bring the movable terminal unit in one or more mounting positions, wherein in the mounting position or In the assembly positions, the power connection areas come to lie at a distance of more than 5 cm to surrounding structures of the storage system.

The connection unit is detachably fixed in or on the housing via a holding device. Furthermore, the connection unit should have cable holding means for power cables and pre-assembled connection elements for the mains voltage connection of the external power supplier, the mains voltage connection of the electrical building supply network and for the connection of an inverter of a local energy source.

The connection unit should be able to move out of the housing in the form of a box as a drawer or console.

The DE 10 2008 000 560 A1 describes an embodiment of off-grid energy storage units containing batteries, supply circuits, charging circuits, a controller.

It is an object of the invention to provide a storage and distribution arrangement for electrical energy and its use for the storage and distribution of electrical energy.

Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a novel configuration of a storage and distribution arrangement for electrical energy, methods and their use for the storage and distribution of electrical energy also to avoid any danger.

The object can also be understood so broadly that in principle a novel storage and distribution arrangement for electrical energy and their use for storing and distributing electrical energy is to create that such criteria of ergonomics, ease of installation, security of supply, abuse and reliability (high-voltage system Security) in combination with a plug and play solution in procedural steps that meets the criteria mentioned.

The object is achieved in accordance with the claims 1-3, advantageous developments are based on the dependent claims or included in the description (provisional priority application). Claims 4-5 solve a method. Advantageous developments are set forth in the dependent claims or included in the description (provisional priority application). The claims 6-7 are a use of the invention. Advantageous developments are set forth in the dependent claims or included in the description (provisional priority application).

An advantageous embodiment of the invention can be seen in a storage system for home users, a so-called home storage solution for solar power in particular.

The housing, which is designed especially for direct wall mounting, designed extremely robust, especially by lightweight construction. Thus, according to a preferred embodiment, the housing consists only of plastic, according to another preferred embodiment of regenerative, renewable materials and / or recycled materials, at least in parts and in principle in any combination.

The 2 shows an example of the housing structure.

The design ensures a very simple structure, because the arrangement allows for easy module hitching and arrangement, this excellent by a simple "plug and play" connection, which ensures excellent by your fit that only the intended components are modular interconnectable.

In addition, preferably and optionally ensures reverse polarity protection an interconnection, which serves the safe operation.

The module mounting, its attachment or reception will be further described below. The modules are preferred by simple plug-in mechanism in keyholes, in the inventive Meaning appropriate openings picking or the like for the modules, mounted.

Preferably, the body and lid in the deep drawing, LFI, PU foam or injection molding process can be produced. During injection molding, the holders are preferably worked with, so that advantageously a further step, for example the gluing of holders.

A preferred embodiment shows according to the 2 the housing cover in its back, the inside of the housing with the tapered receiving openings for the modules and the wall bracket.

The attachment is preferably via wall bracket and securing elements, which may consist of a screw preferably. However, any possible form of attachment of at least one module, wall holder, and / or fuse element is applicable to the invention as long as it is for the purpose of mounting and securing. Preferably, the attachment can also be done on bridges, compartments of any kind, recordings, angles and the like or shelves, frames, boxes, transport elements.

The inventive system storage and distribution arrangement for electrical energy is preferably both based on the singular storage and distribution arrangement for electrical energy as well as additional storage and distribution arrangement for electrical energy preferably modularly arranged and operable. This has the advantage of a particularly easy retrofitting and installation and maintenance. Through plug contacts all interfaces of energetic and communicative nature can be easily connected and operated.

The storage and distribution arrangement for electrical energy is preferably a fully autonomous storage system for electrical energy from photovoltaic with a novel arrangement and function. The basic principle of its energy management is based on the fact that, from the perspective of every solar inverter, the power drawn from the connected PV modules can vary. This prefers completely without having to communicate with the inverter and actually independent of the solar irradiation.

In this case, the power which the inverter apparently draws from the installation and / or feeds in may be arbitrarily smaller, larger or identical in size to the power actually generated by the installation at the same time.

In a preferred embodiment, the system merely monitors the PV production and function of the inverter without itself intervening in the generation of energy or appreciably consuming its own energy.

In a further preferred embodiment, the system branches off a continuously variable component of the PV power and uses it to charge at least one battery. From the perspective of the inverter, there is a special solar cycle section, with clouds covering the sky. By means of algorithms is preferably prevented that the inverter shuts down.

In a preferred embodiment, the system adds a continuously tunable power to the PV power, discharging the battery. From the perspective of the inverter, the sun shines brighter. This mode or step is used in particular when no sun is shining, especially at PV power zero. Preferably, the inverter is reliably restarted via the function of restarting "black starts", if this should have turned off in a possible exceptional situation.

A preferred power sensor, which is connected in the household or on the user side at the connection point to the network operator, provides an extremely fast feedback in the ms range for controlling the power draw of the household to the preferred value zero, whenever the permissible operating parameters of the battery and the Power electronics allow this.

Preferably and also as above or below, the invention is described using the example of lithium batteries and their modules. Lithium batteries are energy storage devices, such as ionic systems or batteries, whose definitions and classifications can be found in particular in the test manual UN 38.3, Tests and Criteria, and can then apply the invention. Type definitions also result from the battery law and the associated provisions, preferably, the invention can be applied to all types. In the following, batteries for this invention are preferably also as energy systems or energy storage or energy storage esp. - converter or generator or network and distribution equipment, also defined as follows. These may be components such as cells or modules, batteries, battery assemblies and the like, including fuel cells, other products, types or derivatives.

Lithium ion or battery is a collective term for the variety of various secondary battery systems. Lithium batteries or batteries can also be used as a primary (non-rechargeable) or capacity option. There is a wealth of possible combinations of anodes, electrolyte and cathode materials and Design in variants. Lithium is the leftmost light metal in the periodic table (atomic mass M = 6.941 g / mol, density 0.53 g / cm ³ ) and is at the negative end of the electrochemical series (-3.04 VH). The resulting high theoretical capacity of 3860 Ah / kg and the high cell voltages that can be achieved in combination with various cathode materials make it the ideal anode material.

These batteries are commonly referred to as electrochemical devices, most of them are equipped with management and protection electronics, with an advantageous configuration, a serial string BMS (= Bqatteriemanagementsystem) with a superordinate Batteriebaugruppenmanagementsystemeinrichfung (BMMS) combined or can be autonomously mapped.

The operating principle of these ionic batteries is preferably based on the intercalation. The concept of intercalation is used in different and often misleading ways. In the wider sense of the word, an intercalation is the incorporation of a mobile guest species into a host lattice without destroying the building principle of the host substance.

The host lattice have z. As layer, tube or cage structures in which the guests in 1, 2 or 3-dimensional arrangement (often swelling) can be stored. In many cases, the term "intercalation" is used only for 2-dimensional hosts The intercalation of ions (anions or cations) is associated with an oxidation or reduction of the host lattice, which becomes an electronically conducting host during an electrochemical intercalation as an electrode in an electrolyte anodically or cathodically polarized, whereby anions or cations (possibly solvated) from the electrolyte into the host lattice.

Also in other, for a long time known galvanic elements, eg. As the Zn / MnO2 element and the lead-acid battery, the reduction of the cathodic oxides proceeds via the incorporation of a proton (H +) in MnO2 or PbO2.

The highly reactive electrodes in Li-ion batteries are only kinetics, i. H. Protected by "passivating" surface films, against a sudden reaction with the organic, easily inflammable electrolyte. Thus, in any case, an operating state of the lithium-ion cell should be avoided, which promotes a sudden breakup of the films, so z. As an overload or over-discharge. Namely, the chemical overcharge and overdischarge protection in aqueous electrolytes based on H2 or O2 development can not be realized in the non-aqueous lithium cells. The discharge and charge of lithium-ion cells must be electronically monitored and regulated

Advantageously, power elements such as batteries or capacitors and also high-voltage cell battery current storage systems of lithium-ion or Li-metal, Li-air types can be used in an advantageous manner. Instead of a lithium system, about a sulfur battery or, for example, a magnesium battery and the like can be used excellently. Preferably, a battery assembly with an additional sealing membrane or coating can be arranged for an air battery. An air battery system then optionally uses oxygen from the air as the counter electrode.

A power storage, a preferred storage and distribution arrangement for electrical energy in the sense of the present invention can in different ways receive and return electrical energy from one or more power sources or deliver it for other purposes or consumers, buffer or stabilize a network and the like.

An inventive storage and distribution system, in particular for stationary use, in particular in a building, is intended to provide one or more consumers at least temporarily with an electrical power or to act in parallel operation. It will be described in more detail below in further training and developments, so with the help.

The storage and distribution system has a first number N _Bat > 2 of battery modules. At least one control unit. These battery modules each have at least one, preferably rechargeable, electrochemical cell. The number N _Bat is to be dimensioned so that, taking into account the respective power of each battery module, a total electrical power can be conducted to the consumers which is at most equal to this power.

The storage and distribution system has at least one battery module monitoring device, in short monitoring device or control unit, which monitors at least one physical parameter. At least two different operating states of a battery module can be detected by the physical parameter.

The storage and distribution system has at least one electrical connection device. This electrical connection device serves to electrically connect to one or more consumers.

The storage and distribution system preferably has at least one electrical switching device. By this electrical switching device, these battery modules are connected in series and / or parallel connection with this electrical connection means. This electrical switching device is designed such that each battery module can be electrically insulated from the other battery modules and / or the electrical connection device, if this monitoring device recognizes that this is at least one physical parameter detected for each battery module outside of a predetermined particular for this physical parameter range.

Product structure - modularity

The 5 schematically shows the modular structure in a preferred embodiment. Therein two storage and distribution arrangements according to the invention are derived. A first storage and distribution arrangement includes, unlike the other, the control unit. Further, at least one battery module is arranged, preferably two. With a preferred module capacity of 2.2 kWh nominal, the arrangement would be expandable on the capacity side by 2.2 kWh in each case.

If one of the battery modules of the power supply device fails, either as a result of a defect in the battery module or because a physical parameter detected for the battery module is out of a predetermined range, that battery module may face the other battery modules and / or the electrical connection device according to a preferred embodiment be isolated. This insulated battery module can and does not need to deliver any energy or electrical power to the at least one consumer.

The energy supply device preferably has a bridging device. The bridging device is used to electrically bridge a particular insulated battery module, preferably when the insulated battery module is part of a series circuit of at least two of these battery modules. Even if one of these battery modules fails, the series connection is still capable of delivering energy. This preferred embodiment offers the advantage of increased availability.

Under a consumer in the context of the invention is a device independent of the power supply device to understand, which at least temporarily receives power from this power supply device.

For the purposes of the invention, the total electrical power [kW] is to be understood as meaning the electrical power which can be taken up at the same time by one or more of these consumers from the power supply device (power requirement).

A battery module in the sense of the invention is to be understood as meaning a device which in particular serves for storing energy, which serves in particular for the release of energy. For this purpose, the battery module has one, two or more, preferably rechargeable, electrochemical cells. This electrochemical cell is designed to store chemical energy, convert chemical energy into electrical energy and at least temporarily deliver electrical energy. Preferably, this electrochemical cell is configured to receive electrical energy and to convert it into chemical energy. Preferably, at least two of these cells are connected in series or in parallel. Preferably, the battery module has two module connections of different polarity, to which at least temporarily the voltage of the interconnected cells is applied. According to a first preferred embodiment, at least two of these cells are connected in series. This preferred embodiment has the advantage that the sum voltage of the interconnected cells is increased.

An operating state of one of these battery modules according to the invention is characterized by at least one or more physical parameters of the battery module or one of the cells of the battery module, in particular a predetermined combination of at least two or more of these physical parameters. Preferably, a distinction can be made between a supply state of one of these battery modules and a failure state, wherein in the state of failure, in particular, no electrical energy should be exchanged with the battery module. In particular, when the monitoring device detects that this is at least one physical parameter detected for each battery module outside a predetermined range, the monitoring device assumes a failure state of the associated battery module. In particular, if the monitoring device detects that the temperature of one of these battery modules exceeds a predetermined temperature, at least during a first time interval, then the monitoring device assumes a failure state of the battery module.

• • einen Rückschluss auf einen Versorgungszustand des Batteriemoduls bzw. der Zelle ermöglicht, und/oder
• • einen Rückschluss auf einen Ausfallzustand des Batteriemoduls bzw. der Zelle möglich, und/oder
• • durch eine Messeinrichtung feststellbar ist, wobei die Messeinrichtung zumindest zeitweise ein Signal zur Verfügung stellen kann, vorzugsweise eine elektrische Spannung oder einen elektrischen Strom, und/oder
• • von einer Steuereinrichtung, insbesondere der Batteriemodul-Überwachungseinrichtung, verarbeitet werden kann, insbesondere mit einem Zielwert verknüpft werden kann, insbesondere mit einem anderen der erfassten physikalischen Parameter verknüpft werden kann, und/oder
• • Aufschluss ermöglicht über:
• die elektrische Spannung des Batteriemoduls (Modulspannung), den dem Batteriemodul entnommenen elektrischen Strom (Modulstrom), den Übergangswiderstand innerhalb des Batteriemoduls, die Integrität des Batteriemoduls, den Ladezustand des Batteriemoduls, eine Temperatur des Batteriemoduls (Modultemperatur), einen Innendruck des Batteriemoduls (Moduldruck), das Vorliegen einer Fremdsubstanz insbesondere aus der Umgebung des Batteriemoduls, ein Vorliegen einer Substanz insbesondere einer der Zellen, insbesondere einen Austritt dieser Substanz, eine Zellspannung, einen Zellstrom, eine Zelltemperatur, einen Innendruck der Zelle, die Integrität einer der Zellen, das Freiwerden einer Substanz aus der Zelle, und/oder den Ladezustand, den Innenwiderstand einer der Zellen,
• • eine Überführung des Batteriemoduls in einen anderen Betriebszustand nahe legen kann, insbesondere aus dem Versorgungszustand in den Ausfallzustand, einen Übergang des Batteriemoduls aus dem Versorgungszustand in dessen Ausfallzustand erkennen lässt.

A battery module monitoring device in the sense of the invention means a device which in particular serves to monitor at least one physical parameter. Through this physical parameter At least two different operating states of one of these battery modules can be detected. Preferably, the supply state of one of these battery modules can be distinguished from the failure state by means of this physical parameter. Preferably, the battery module monitoring device is designed as an electronic module, particularly preferably as an application-specific integrated circuit or programmable logic controller. The battery module monitoring device is preferably configured to actuate at least one switching element of one of these electrical switching devices. A physical parameter in the sense of the invention is to be understood as meaning a parameter or characteristic property of one of the battery modules or one of the cells, in particular

• • allows a conclusion to a supply state of the battery module or the cell, and / or
• • a conclusion on a failure state of the battery module or the cell possible, and / or
• • can be detected by a measuring device, wherein the measuring device can at least temporarily provide a signal, preferably an electrical voltage or an electric current, and / or
• • can be processed by a control device, in particular the battery module monitoring device, in particular can be linked to a target value, in particular can be linked to another of the detected physical parameters, and / or
• • Digestion possible via:
• the electrical voltage of the battery module (module voltage), the battery module removed electrical current (module current), the contact resistance within the battery module, the integrity of the battery module, the state of charge of the battery module, a temperature of the battery module (module temperature), an internal pressure of the battery module (module pressure) , the presence of a foreign substance, in particular from the surroundings of the battery module, the presence of a substance, in particular an exit of this substance, a cell voltage, a cell current, a cell temperature, an internal pressure of the cell, the integrity of one of the cells, the release of a cell Substance from the cell, and / or the state of charge, the internal resistance of one of the cells,
• • can suggest a transfer of the battery module in another operating state, in particular from the supply state to the failure state, a transition of the battery module from the supply state can be detected in its failure state.

An electrical connection device in the sense of the invention means a device which in particular serves for the electrical connection of one or more of these battery modules to one or more of these consumers. From the power supply device, at least temporarily electrical power, in particular the first power can be delivered by the electrical connection device to the consumer or consumers. Preferably, the electrical connection device has at least two electrical device connections of different electrical polarity. The battery modules of the energy supply device can preferably be connected to the electrical connection device by means of the electrical switching device. The supply connections can preferably be connected to at least one of these consumers.

An electrical switching device in the sense of the invention is to be understood as meaning a device which is designed in particular for disconnectable electrical contacting of at least one or more of these battery modules, and / or for electrical connection of the battery modules to one another in series and / or parallel connection, and / or disconnectable electrical connection of the interconnected battery modules with the electrical connection device, and / or at least temporarily electrical current between the electrical connection device and at least one of these battery modules to conduct, and / or for the isolation of at least one of these battery modules compared to the other battery modules of the power supply device, in particular if a one of these battery modules detected physical parameter is outside a predetermined range, and / or for the isolation of at least one of these battery modules with respect to the electrical Verbindungseinrich tion, in particular if a detected for one of these battery modules physical parameter is outside a predetermined range.

The electrical switching device has at least one or more module connection elements. The module connection element is designed for contacting one of these module connections, preferably corresponding to a plug or a socket.

The electrical switching device preferably has at least one current conducting device, preferably two current conducting devices of different polarity. These Stromleiteinrichtungen serve to conduct electrical current between two of these battery modules or between one of these battery modules and the electrical connection means.

Preferably, at least one or more of these Stromleiteinrichtungen than in particular metallic busbar, current band or cable is formed.

Preferably, at least one of these Stromleiteinrichtungen is releasably or cohesively connectable to one of these device connections. Preferably, at least one of these current conducting devices has at least one of these module connecting elements, particularly preferably at least one of these module connecting elements for each battery module to be connected.

Preferably, the electrical switching device has at least one or more switching elements. The switching element is in particular designed for the separable electrical connection of one of these battery modules with one of the Stromleiteinrichtungen, and / or for the separable electrical connection of one of these Stromleiteinrichtungen with the electrical connection means, and / or for the separable electrical connection of one of these module connection elements with one of these Stromleiteinrichtungen.

Preferably, the switching element is switchable between one of these battery modules and one of these Stromleiteinrichtungen, or one of these module connections and one of these module connection elements, or one of these Stromleiteinrichtungen and this electrical connection means, or at least indirectly one of these module connections and one of these device connections of the same polarity, or one of these Stromleiteinrichtungen and one of these device ports.

Preferably, at least one of these switching elements is integrated in one of these module connection elements. Preferably, one or more of these switching elements is designed as a controllable switch, contactor, relay or thyristor.

According to a preferred embodiment, the polarity reversal protection device is formed with a first molding on one of these module connection elements and with a second molding on one of these module connections, wherein this module connection element and this module connection have the same polarity. According to a second preferred embodiment, the polarity reversal protection device is formed with a projection and a recess adapted to this projection. Preferably, the projection is part of the electrical switching device and the recess part of the battery module or vice versa.

The projection and the recess are arranged so that the projection fits only with correct polarity of the battery module in the recess. Otherwise, the projection prevents a mechanical connection of module connection element and module connection.

A preferred development of the electrical switching device is used to connect parallel connected battery modules with the electrical connection device. This electrical switching device has at least one or two of these Stromleiteinrichtungen. At least one or two of these Stromleiteinrichtungen are preferably formed as an installation rail.

The current conducting device or terminal strip has one of these module connecting elements for each battery module to be connected. Preferably, one of these device ports is mechanically connected to this Stromleiteinrichtung, preferably screwed, riveted, welded or integrally formed. This development offers the advantage that the mechanical stability of the electrical switching device is increased. This development offers the advantage that the interconnection is simplified at least two of these battery modules.

According to a first preferred embodiment, the bridging device is connected between the two module terminals of different polarity of the particular insulated battery module. This bridging device is designed to short-circuit these module connections.

For this purpose, the bridging device has at least one controllable switch. Bridging device preferably has a discharge resistor, via which the battery module in the isolated state can be at least partially discharged. This preferred embodiment has the advantage that a current path for discharging the insulated battery module is formed at the same time as the bridging.

According to a preferred embodiment, the energy supply device has a measuring device. The measuring device is in particular designed to detect at least one or more of these physical parameters.

The measuring device is in particular configured to provide at least one or more measured values, wherein this at least one measured value is representative of the detected physical parameter. Preferably, at least one or more of these measurement values can be provided as a predetermined electrical voltage or as a predetermined electrical current.

The measuring device has at least one, preferably a plurality of measuring sensors for, in particular, different of these physical parameters. Preferably, the measuring device has several this sensor, which are assigned to different of these battery modules, particularly preferably for detecting one of these physical parameters to one of these battery modules or at least one of their cells. The measuring device, in particular at least one of its measuring sensors, is preferably configured to detect an oxidation product and / or a flue gas.

Preferably, the measuring device has a sensor switch, which is signal-connected with a plurality of these sensors and which is designed to control these sensors in particular successively and / or interrogate.

Preferably, the measuring device has at least one or more probe connections, which serve for contacting the different measuring sensors. More preferably, several of these probe connections are combined to form a multipolar connection.

Preferably, the detected measured values can be stored in a data memory, particularly preferably each with a value which is representative of the time of detection of the associated measured value. This preferred embodiment offers the advantage that knowledge about the operating state of the respective battery module can be obtained from these measured values.

The module receiving device is in particular configured to receive at least one or more of these battery modules, in particular interchangeably, preferably to receive all of these battery modules, in particular interchangeably.

Preferably, this electrical switching device is held in particular for contacting the battery modules of the module receiving device. If a battery module is received by the module receiving device and contacted by the electrical switching device, in particular by means of a plurality of these module connection elements, then the exchange of signals and / or electrical power or electrical energy with this battery module is possible.

Preferably, the electrical switching device, in particular its busbars, per battery module on two module connection elements for the exchange of electrical power or electrical energy with this battery module. Preferably, at least some of these module connection elements are electrically connected to one another in such a way that the battery modules accommodated by the module receiving device are interconnected in series and / or in parallel.

Preferably, the module receiving device has at least two or more compartments for these battery modules.

This preferred embodiment offers the advantage that the grouping of several of these battery modules is simplified.

According to a first preferred development, the module receiving device is designed as a shelf with at least two or more compartments for at least two or more of these battery modules, in particular with compartments arranged one above the other. Preferably, these compartments each have extendable support surfaces for at least one of these battery modules. Particularly preferably, these compartments are designed according to drawers. This preferred development offers the advantage that the battery modules are easier to access for changing.

According to a second preferred embodiment, the module receiving device is designed corresponding to a control cabinet with in particular stacked compartments for several of these battery modules. This preferred development has the advantage that the electrical switching device is secured against unauthorized access.

According to a preferred embodiment, the energy supply device has a communication device. This communication device is designed to notify at least one or more of these physical parameters, in particular when needed, in particular periodically, in particular when the failure state exists.

This communication device is configured, at least one or more of these physical parameters, at least indirectly to a particular higher-level control device, in particular on request by this control device. Preferably, this communication device is configured to communicate that at least one of these detected physical parameters is outside of an associated predetermined range. Preferably, this communication device is designed as a beeper, light emitting diode, serial interface, Ethernet interface, infrared interface, GPS device, GSM module, radio or transponder.

The communication device preferably has a data interface, an antenna, a lighting device or a loudspeaker. Preferably, this communication device can be activated by the monitoring device. These preferred embodiment offers the advantage that at least one physical parameter and / or an operating state in the distance, in particular an operator of the power supply device can be known.

According to a preferred refinement, this communication device is designed to transmit, at least temporarily, in particular periodically, a predetermined first signal, which indicates a perfect functioning of the energy supply device. This preferred development has the advantage that the absence of this first signal can be interpreted as a warning.

According to a preferred embodiment, the energy supply device has an auxiliary power supply device. The auxiliary power supply device is designed to absorb energy, in particular from at least one of these battery modules, and to store this energy.

The auxiliary power supply device is configured to emit energy, in particular if this monitoring device detects that this is at least one physical parameter detected for each battery module outside a predetermined range, in particular if a minimum supply voltage for supplying the monitoring device has not fallen below. The auxiliary energy supply device is configured, at least temporarily, to supply this measuring device, this extinguishing device and / or this communication device with electrical energy, preferably if at least one of these battery modules fails.

Preferably, the auxiliary power supply device temporarily supplies the monitoring device, the measuring device, the optional extinguishing device and particularly preferably the communication device. Preferably, this auxiliary power supply device is connected between the monitoring device and at least one of these battery modules, more preferably between the monitoring device and the interconnected battery modules.

Preferably, the auxiliary power supply device acts according to an uninterruptible power supply. Particularly preferably, the supply of the monitoring device with energy takes place exclusively via the intermediate auxiliary power supply device.

This preferred embodiment has the advantage that the reliability of the power supply device is improved.

According to a preferred refinement, the auxiliary power supply device is designed as a capacitive energy store and / or as an electrochemical energy store.

This preferred development has the advantage that the integration of the auxiliary power supply device into the power supply device is possible with little effort. This preferred development offers the advantage that the exchange of electrical energy with this auxiliary power supply device is possible.

According to a preferred development, the module housing has a pressure relief device with an opening in a wall of the module housing and with a self-closing outlet valve in this opening. Preferably, the pressure relief device or its opening is connected to an optional suction device or flue, in particular with an optional suction channel.

This preferred development offers the advantage that an overpressure in the module housing can be reduced.

This preferred development has the advantage that an optional fluid can be sucked out in a channeled manner. This development can be advantageously combined with at least one of the developments.

According to a preferred embodiment, the power supply device has a module change device. This module changing device is used for removing a particular first of these battery modules from one of these module receiving devices and / or for inserting a particular second of these battery modules in one of these module receiving devices, in particular in the same module receiving device.

This module changing device is preferably designed to take a particular insulated and / or failed battery module in particular one of these recordings of one of these module receiving devices. This module changing device is configured to supply one of these battery modules to one of these module receiving devices, in particular to insert it in a receptacle of one of these module receiving devices.

• • eine Anzahl dieser Batteriemodule,
• • eine dieser Modulaufnahmeeinrichtungen,
• • eine dieser elektrischen Schalteinrichtungen,
• • diese elektrische Verbindungseinrichtung,
• • eine dieser Messeinrichtungen, diese Überwachungseinrichtung,
• • vorzugsweise einen dieser Spannungswandler
• • vorzugsweise diese Hilfsenergieversorgungseinrichtung,
• • vorzugsweise diese Kommunikationseinrichtung,
• • vorzugsweise eine oder mehrere dieser Überbrückungseinrichtungen,
• • vorzugsweise eine oder mehrere einer Wärmeschutzeinrichtung, auch vorzugsweise in Form einer zusätzlichen Isolation.

A further preferred embodiment of the energy supply device has at least:

• A number of these battery modules,
• • one of these module receiving devices,
• • one of these electrical switching devices,
• This electrical connection device,
• • one of these measuring devices, this monitoring device,
• • preferably one of these voltage transformers
• Preferably this auxiliary energy supply device,
• Preferably this communication device,
• Preferably one or more of these bridging devices,
• Preferably one or more of a thermal protection device, also preferably in the form of additional insulation.

The measuring device has at least one or more measuring sensors, preferably at least one measuring sensor per battery module. Particularly preferably, the measuring device per battery module on at least one or more sensors for example. The module voltage, the module current, the module temperature, for an oxidation product and / or a flue gas on.

Furthermore, the measuring device has a sensor switch to query the various sensors. Furthermore, the measuring device has sensor connections for contacting the various sensors. Preferably, several of these probe connections are combined to one of these Vielpolanschlüsse.

Preferably, the front panel is fixed to the housing body without fasteners. According to a preferred arrangement for this purpose latching hooks are arranged on the inside of the front panel, which wedge when sliding the front panel on the body.

In this case, preferably insertion chases center the front panel to the body and ensure the distance between the body and front panel (shadow gap). Preferably, the reopening of the system is secured by fasteners. According to a preferred embodiment, at least one fastener by the main switch (disconnection of the DC lines as activation), ie switched on in the operating mode, hidden. To release this concealed attachment, the main switch must be brought to zero position. This has the advantage of redundant security in particular high-voltage aspects.

From a handling point of view, the preferred arrangement with the modules is at max. 25 kg per component and preferred dimensions of 73x98x31 per system unit.

Preferably, simple plug & play installation elements with pre-assembled connector systems ensure easy installation. A preferred Energy Manager ensures optional remote monitoring.

Uses of the storage and distribution arrangement for electrical energy

According to a preferred use, a storage and distribution arrangement according to the invention for electrical energy or one of its further developments as a solar house storage for receiving in particular electrical energy from at least one regenerative energy sources or a power network is used, in particular within a first time interval. This preferred use has the advantage that the energy supply device can absorb electrical energy as a buffer memory.

According to a preferred use of the storage and distribution arrangement for electrical energy is a power supply device according to the invention or a further development for providing particular electrical energy to a power grid.

According to the preferred inventive use of the storage and distribution arrangement for electrical energy, the operation and the arrangement are quasi-autonomous. Without communicating with the inverter, and indeed independent of solar radiation, the electrical energy storage and distribution assembly is used so that the power drawn from the PV modules can vary.

Further advantages, features and possible applications of the present invention will become apparent from the following description in conjunction with the other figures. It shows:

1 [Omitted]

2 Housing cover / back panel / wall bracket

3 [Omitted]

4 [Omitted]

5 Housing modular arrangement

6 Body with lid

7 Lid on body closure

8th Closure lid schematically

9 module tool

10 [not applicable] and

11 Disconnectors security element

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

corpus

2

cover

3

module

4

module mounting

5

LED display

6

Disconnector (HV safety device)

7

module tool

8th

Control unit

9

LED display

10

terminal block

In 6 the body of the housing and the lid of a preferred storage and distribution arrangement for electrical energy is shown. The body ( 1 ) takes over the module shots ( 4 ) the modules ( 3 ) and the control unit ( 8th ) from the lid ( 2 ) are enclosed to the outside.

Optionally, a preferred development with additional insulation elements between the modules ( 3 ), or and arranged in any combination with other arrangement components.

In 7 is the lid ( 2 ) on the body ( 1 ) visualized in the closed position.

Preferably, the front panel as a lid ( 2 ) on the housing body ( 1 ) fixed without fasteners. According to a preferred arrangement for this purpose latching hooks are arranged on the inside of the front panel, which wedge when sliding the front panel on the body.

In this case, insertion bevels preferably center the front panel ( 2 ) to the body ( 1 ) and ensure the distance between the body ( 1 ) and front panel ( 2 ) (Shadow gap). Preferably, the reopening of the system is secured by fasteners.

According to a preferred embodiment according to 8th is at least one fastener by the main switch as a disconnector ( 8th ) (Separation of the DC lines as activation, so HV protection device), ie switched on in the operating mode, hidden. To release this concealed attachment, the main switch must be brought to zero position. This has the advantage of redundant security in particular high-voltage aspects.

The 9 shows a preferred embodiment of a work train ( 7 ), as it is advantageously used for module assembly to meet ergonomic and protective requirements in particular.

The module tool ( 7 ) is a temporary grip or holding device with the modules directly and in one go into the module receptacles ( 4 ) of the body ( 1 ) are used. For the invention, such a grip or holding device is given in any shape and design that takes into account the ergonomic aspect. Preferably, the holding device ( 7 ) also be an element for transport safety, which is used only temporarily.

From a handling point of view, the preferred arrangement with the modules is at max. 25 kg per component and preferred dimensions of 73x98x31 per system unit.

Preferably, simple plug & play installation elements with pre-assembled connector systems ensure easy installation.

According to a further development, an embodiment of the module train ( 7 ) relevant, which on predetermined breaking points only after the correct module insertion ( 3 ) and correct connection with the terminal strip ( 10 ) is removable. This has the particular advantage that a higher degree of correct installation can be ensured.

According to 11 serves the inventive circuit breaker (HV safety device) ( 6 ) according to the product lifetime significantly for operational and maintenance safety. This is preferably on the bottom of the body ( 1 ), but may also be arranged elsewhere or in another form such as a lock, optionally in addition.

According to a preferred embodiment, at least one fastening element by the main switch as a disconnector (HV safety device) ( 6 ) (Separation of the DC lines as activation), ie switched on in the operating mode, hidden. To release this concealed attachment, the main switch must be brought to zero position. This has the advantage of redundant security in particular high-voltage aspects.

According to an optionally preferred embodiment, according to the invention, the fastening element can be mechatronically, electronically off and redeemed, temporarily serve to fuse the storage and distribution arrangement for electrical energy, ie the main switch as a disconnector (HV safety device) ( 6 ) also block.

Method for storage and distribution arrangement for electrical energy

The invention also relates to methods for storing and distributing electrical energy, some of these steps are within the scope of Description has already been made and should not be repeated here.

The storage and distribution arrangement for electrical energy is preferably a fully autonomous storage system for electrical energy from photovoltaic with a novel arrangement and function. The basic principle of its energy management is based on the fact that, from the perspective of every solar inverter, the power drawn from the connected PV modules can vary. This prefers completely without having to communicate with the inverter and actually independent of the solar irradiation.

In this case, the power which the inverter apparently draws from the installation and / or feeds in may be arbitrarily smaller, larger or identical in size to the power actually generated by the installation at the same time.

In a preferred embodiment, the system merely monitors the PV production and function of the inverter without itself intervening in the generation of energy or appreciably consuming its own energy.

In a further preferred embodiment, the system branches off a continuously variable component of the PV power and uses it to charge at least one battery. From the perspective of the inverter, there is a special solar cycle section, with a cloud covering the sky. By means of algorithms is preferably prevented that the inverter shuts down.

In a preferred embodiment, the system adds a continuously tunable power to the PV power, discharging the battery. From the perspective of the inverter, the sun shines brighter. This mode or step is used in particular when no sun is shining, especially at PV power zero. Preferably, the inverter is reliably restarted via the function of restarting "black starts", if this should have turned off in a possible exceptional situation.

A preferred power sensor, which is connected in the household or on the user side at the connection point to the network operator, provides an extremely fast feedback in the ms range for controlling the power draw of the household to the preferred value zero, whenever the permissible operating parameters of the battery and the Power electronics allow this.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 202013011937 U1 [0013]
• DE 102008000560 A1 [0016]

Claims (7)

Storage and distribution arrangement for electrical energy, with a housing, battery and terminals, characterized in that this on a wall with additional safety device for the battery modules ( 3 ) is attached. Storage and distribution arrangement for electrical energy, with a housing, battery and terminals, characterized in that this with additional safety device for the lid ( 2 ) is arranged. Storage and distribution arrangement for electrical energy, with a housing, battery and connections, characterized in that a disconnecting switch ( 6 ) in the switched-on state, a safety device is concealed, so that the cover ( 2 ) not from the body ( 1 ) can be removed. Storage and distribution arrangement for electrical energy, method, characterized in that in at least one operating method step, the power applied can vary. Storage and distribution arrangement for electrical energy, method, characterized in that a variable power is diverted to charge at least one battery. The use of a storage and distribution arrangement for electrical energy, characterized in that this is done autonomously. The use of an electrical energy storage and distribution arrangement, characterized in that it is used without communicating with the inverter and, in fact, independently of the solar irradiation, the storage and distribution arrangement for electrical energy is used so that the power drawn from the PV modules varies can.

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