DE102015002164A1 - Process for liquefying natural gas - Google Patents
Process for liquefying natural gas Download PDFInfo
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- DE102015002164A1 DE102015002164A1 DE102015002164.8A DE102015002164A DE102015002164A1 DE 102015002164 A1 DE102015002164 A1 DE 102015002164A1 DE 102015002164 A DE102015002164 A DE 102015002164A DE 102015002164 A1 DE102015002164 A1 DE 102015002164A1
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- cycle
- compressor
- hydrocarbon
- rich fraction
- pressure
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 hydrocarbons hydrocarbon Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 27
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010016352 Feeling of relaxation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241001295925 Gegenes Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- BUHVIAUBTBOHAG-FOYDDCNASA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r)-2-[6-[[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino]purin-9-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=CC(C(CNC=2C=3N=CN(C=3N=CN=2)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C)=C1 BUHVIAUBTBOHAG-FOYDDCNASA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)Cl VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0207—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level SCR refrigeration cascade
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0217—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
- F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
- F25J1/0282—Steam turbine as the prime mechanical driver
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- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
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- F25J1/0283—Gas turbine as the prime mechanical driver
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
- F25J1/0284—Electrical motor as the prime mechanical driver
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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Abstract
Es wird ein Verfahren zum Verflüssigen einer Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion, insbesondere Erdgas, beschrieben, wobei – die Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion gegen wenigstens zwei Kältekreisläufe abgekühlt und verflüssigt wird, – jeder der Kältekreisläufe wenigstens einen Kreislaufverdichter aufweist, und – der kälteste Kältekreislauf zwei hintereinander geschaltete Kreislaufverdichter, nämlich einen Nieder- und einen Hochdruck-Kreislaufverdichter aufweist. Erfindungsgemäß – werden mit Ausnahme des Hochdruck-Kreislaufverdichters (C4, C4') des kältesten Kältekreislaufs drehzahlgleiche Kreislaufverdichter (C1–C3, C1'–C3') verwendet, – werden die drehzahlgleichen Kreislaufverdichter (C1–C3, C1'–C3') von lediglich einer Gasturbine (GT) angetrieben, – wobei die Gasturbine (GT) wenigstens 70%, vorzugsweise wenigstens 75% der erforderlichen Gesamtantriebsleistung aller Kreislaufverdichter (C1–C4, C1'–C4') bereitstellt, und – wird der Hochdruck-Kreislaufverdichter (C4, C4') des kältesten Kältekreislaufs von einem elektrischen Motor (M2) oder einer Dampfturbine angetrieben.The invention relates to a process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich fraction, in particular natural gas, wherein - the hydrocarbon-rich fraction is cooled and liquefied against at least two refrigeration cycles, - each of the refrigeration cycles has at least one cycle compressor, and - the coldest refrigeration cycle is two consecutively connected Circulation compressor, namely a low and a high-pressure cycle compressor has. According to the invention - with the exception of the high-pressure cycle compressor (C4, C4 ') of the coldest refrigeration cycle speed equal circuit compressor (C1-C3, C1'-C3') is used - are the speed-equivalent cycle compressor (C1-C3, C1'-C3 ') of only one gas turbine (GT) driven, - wherein the gas turbine (GT) at least 70%, preferably at least 75% of the required total drive power of all cycle compressor (C1-C4, C1'-C4 ') provides, and - the high-pressure cycle compressor (C4 , C4 ') of the coldest refrigeration cycle driven by an electric motor (M2) or a steam turbine.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verflüssigen einer Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion, insbesondere Erdgas, wobei
- – die Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion gegen wenigstens zwei Kältekreisläufe abgekühlt und verflüssigt wird,
- – jeder der Kältekreisläufe wenigstens einen Kreislaufverdichter aufweist, und
- – der kälteste Kältekreislauf zwei hintereinander geschaltete Kreislaufverdichter, nämlich einen Nieder- und einen Hochdruck-Kreislaufverdichter aufweist.
- The hydrocarbon-rich fraction is cooled and liquefied against at least two refrigeration cycles,
- - Each of the refrigeration circuits has at least one cycle compressor, and
- - The coldest refrigeration cycle has two successive circuit compressors, namely a low and a high-pressure cycle compressor.
Unter dem Begriff ”kältester Kältekreislauf” sei nachfolgend derjenige Kältekreislauf zu verstehen, der die für die Verflüssigung der Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion erforderliche Kälte auf dem niedrigsten Temperaturniveau zur Verfügung stellt.The term "coldest refrigeration cycle" is to be understood below as the refrigeration cycle that provides the necessary for the liquefaction of the hydrocarbon-rich fraction cold at the lowest temperature level available.
Zur Verflüssigung Kohlenwasserstoff-reicher Fraktionen, insbesondere Erdgas, werden unter anderem Verfahren mit zwei oder mehr unabhängigen Kältekreisläufen verwendet, sobald die Verflüssigungskapazität 2 Millionen Tonnen pro Jahr (2 mtpa) übersteigt. Die Kältekreisläufe können auf einer Vielzahl von Prinzipien beruhen, darunter Kältekreisläufe mit Phasenwechsel reiner oder gemischter Komponenten, Kältekreisläufe mit arbeitsleistender Entspannung reiner oder gemischter Komponenten, Absorptionskältekreisläufe basierend auf z. B. NH3/H2O, etc.For the liquefaction of hydrocarbon-rich fractions, in particular natural gas, processes with two or more independent refrigeration cycles are used as soon as the liquefaction capacity exceeds 2 million tonnes per year (2 mtpa). The refrigeration cycles may be based on a variety of principles, including refrigeration cycles with phase change of pure or mixed components, refrigeration cycles with work-performing expansion of pure or mixed components, absorption refrigeration cycles based on z. B. NH 3 / H 2 O, etc.
Für eine Verflüssigungskapazität von beispielsweise 4 mtpa wird insgesamt eine Antriebsleistung der Kreislaufverdichter von 120 bis 200 MW benötigt. Die Kombination der zwei oder mehr benötigten Kreislaufverdichter mit entsprechenden Antrieben – hierfür kommen Gasturbinen, Dampfturbinen und/oder elektrische Motoren in Frage – führt zu einer Reihe von Lösungen, die teilweise vergleichsweise komplex und damit teuer und störanfällig sind.For a liquefaction capacity of, for example, 4 mtpa, a total drive power of the cycle compressors of 120 to 200 MW is required. The combination of the two or more required cycle compressor with corresponding drives - this gas turbine, steam turbines and / or electric motors in question - leads to a number of solutions that are sometimes relatively complex and therefore expensive and prone to failure.
Als primärer Antrieb der Kältekreislaufverdichter haben sich große Gasturbinen durchgesetzt; dies sind Gasturbinen, die eine Leistung von wenigstens 35 MW, vorzugsweise wenigstens 70 MW aufweisen. Wegen deren erhöhten Wartungsbedarfes werden üblicherweise nur zwei bis drei Gasturbinen pro Verflüssigungsstrang eingesetzt. Eine Ausnahme bilden Verfahren mit redundanten, d. h. parallelen Antriebssystemen. Bei derartigen Verfahren werden gegenwärtig bis zu acht Gasturbinen pro Verflüssigungsstrang realisiert. Ein dazu alternatives Verfahren ist aus dem
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Verflüssigen einer Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion anzugeben, das es ermöglicht, ein Verflüssigungsverfahren, vorzugsweise ein Verflüssigungsverfahren mit einer Verflüssigungskapazität von mehr als 4 mtpa, unter Verwendung von wenigstens zwei Kältekreisläufen derart zu konfigurieren, dass
- a) eine einzige Gasturbine wenigstens 70%, vorzugsweise wenigstens 75% der erforderlichen Gesamtantriebsleistung der Kreislaufverdichter zu Verfügung stellt,
- b) durch diese Gasturbine höchstens drei Kreislaufverdichter angetrieben werden und
- c) auf Zwischengetriebe zur Drehzahlanpassung zwischen den Kreislaufverdichtern verzichtet werden kann.
- a) a single gas turbine provides at least 70%, preferably at least 75% of the required total drive power of the cycle compressor,
- b) are driven by this gas turbine at most three cycle compressor and
- c) can be dispensed with intermediate gear for speed adjustment between the cycle compressors.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Verflüssigen einer Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion vorgeschlagen, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass
- – mit Ausnahme des Hochdruck-Kreislaufverdichters des kältesten Kältekreislaufs drehzahlgleiche Kreislaufverdichter verwendet werden,
- – die drehzahlgleichen Kreislaufverdichter von lediglich einer Gasturbine angetrieben werden,
- – wobei die Gasturbine wenigstens 70%, vorzugsweise wenigstens 75% der erforderlichen Gesamtantriebsleistung aller Kreislaufverdichter bereitstellt, und
- – der Hochdruck-Kreislaufverdichter des kältesten Kältekreislaufs von einem elektrischen Motor oder einer Dampfturbine angetrieben wird.
- - be used with the exception of the high-pressure cycle compressor of the coldest refrigeration cycle speed-same cycle compressor,
- - The speed-equivalent cycle compressor are driven by only one gas turbine,
- - wherein the gas turbine provides at least 70%, preferably at least 75% of the required total drive power of all cycle compressor, and
- - The high-pressure cycle compressor of the coldest refrigeration cycle is driven by an electric motor or a steam turbine.
Unter dem Begriff ”drehzahlgleiche Kreislaufverdichter” seien nachfolgend Verdichter bzw. Maschinen zu verstehen, deren Wellen mit der gleichen Drehzahl laufen.The term "speed equal-circuit compressor" below compressors or machines are to be understood, whose waves run at the same speed.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung drehzahlgleicher Kreislaufverdichter kann auf Zwischengetriebe zur Drehzahlanpassung zwischen den von der Gasturbine angetriebenen Kreislaufverdichtern sowie zwischen der Gasturbine und den Kreislaufverdichtern verzichtet werden. Der Hochdruck-Kreislaufverdichter weist den gleichen Massendurchsatz wie die drehzahlgleichen Kreislaufverdichter auf, wird aber bei einem deutlich höheren Druckniveau betrieben. Daher ist der Effektivvolumenstrom in dem Hochdruck-Kreislaufverdichter um wenigstens den Faktor 2, vorzugsweise um wenigstens den Faktor 3 kleiner als in den drehzahlgleichen Kreislaufverdichtern. Für eine optimale Auslegung und damit einen hohen Wirkungsgrad des Hochdruck-Kreislaufverdichters ist eine gegenüber dem Niederdruck-Kreislaufverdichter um wenigstens den Faktor 1,3, vorzugsweise um wenigstens den Faktor 1,5 höhere Drehzahl nötig, um die passende Umfangsgeschwindigkeit der Laufräder zu ermöglichen. Hier gilt: kleiner Volumenstrom ergibt kleine Laufraddurchmesser und somit hohe Drehzahl bei gegebener Umfangsgeschwindigkeit und vice versa. Würden alle Kreislaufverdichter bei gemeinsamer Drehzahl betrieben, müsste der Hochdruck-Kreislaufverdichter bei einer ungünstig niedrigen, also ineffizienten Drehzahl laufen. Das Einfügen eines weiteren Zwischengetriebes in einen Maschinenstrang mit dann insgesamt vier Verdichtern, einer Gasturbine sowie einem Starter/Helper wird als störanfällig eingeschätzt.Due to the use according to the invention of speed-same cycle compressors, it is possible to dispense with intermediate gears for speed adaptation between the cycle compressors driven by the gas turbine and between the gas turbine and the cycle compressors. The high-pressure cycle compressor has the same mass flow rate as the speed-equivalent cycle compressor, but is operated at a significantly higher pressure level. Therefore, the effective volume flow in the high-pressure cycle compressor is at least a factor of 2, preferably at least a factor of 3 smaller than in the same speed cycle compressors. For optimum design and thus high efficiency of the high-pressure cycle compressor, a speed which is higher than the low-pressure cycle compressor by at least a factor of 1.3, preferably at least a factor of 1.5, is necessary in order to enable the appropriate circumferential speed of the wheels. The following applies here: Small volume flow results in small impeller diameter and thus high speed at a given peripheral speed and vice versa. If all the cycle compressors were operated at the same speed, the high-pressure cycle compressor would have to run at an unfavorably low, ie inefficient speed. The insertion of another intermediate gear in a machine train with a total of four compressors, a gas turbine and a starter / helper is assessed as prone to failure.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Verflüssigen einer Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion, die Gegenstände der abhängigen Patentansprüche darstellen, sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
- – zwischen den von einer Gasturbine angetriebenen Kreislaufverdichtern und zwischen diesen Kreislaufverdichtern und der Gasturbine keine Zwischengetriebe zur Drehzahlanpassung vorgesehen sind,
- – die Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion vor ihrer Verflüssigung einer Abtrennung von höheren Kohlenwasserstoffen unterworfen wird und die von höheren Kohlenwasserstoffen befreite Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion auf einen Druck oberhalb ihres kritischen Drucks verdichtet wird,
- – die Abwärme der Gasturbine in einem Dampfsystem genutzt wird, wobei der gewonnene Dampf vorzugsweise in wenigstens einer Dampfturbine zum Antrieb des Hochdruck-Kreislaufverdichters und/oder des für die Verdichtung der von höheren Kohlenwasserstoffen befreiten Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion vorgesehenen Verdichters und/oder zur Stromerzeugung verwendet wird, und
- – sofern die verflüssigte Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion entspannt wird, die bei dieser Entspannung anfallende Gasfraktion gegen einen Teilstrom der zu verflüssigenden Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion angewärmt wird.
- - between the driven by a gas turbine cycle compressors and between these cycle compressors and the gas turbine no intermediate gear for speed adjustment are provided
- Subjecting the hydrocarbon-rich fraction to a separation of higher hydrocarbons prior to its liquefaction and condensing the hydrocarbon-rich fraction freed from higher hydrocarbons to a pressure above its critical pressure,
- The waste heat of the gas turbine is used in a steam system, the recovered steam preferably being used in at least one steam turbine for driving the high-pressure cycle compressor and / or the compressor provided for the compression of the hydrocarbon-rich fraction freed of higher hydrocarbons and / or for power generation will, and
- - If the liquefied hydrocarbon-rich fraction is expanded, the resulting gas in this relaxation gas fraction is heated against a partial stream of the hydrocarbon-rich fraction to be liquefied.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Verflüssigen einer Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion sowie weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen desselben seien anhand der in den
Bei den in den
Der Hauptstrom der verdichteten Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion
Die aus dem Wärmetauscher E3 abgezogene Kohlenwasserstoff-reiche Fraktion
Bei dem in der
Auch der der Verflüssigung der abgekühlten Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion
Aufgrund des vergleichsweise niedrigen Molekulargewichts des Kältemittels – dieses beträgt vorzugsweise weniger als 25 g/mol – und des hohen Verdichtungsverhältnisses von mehr als 15 weist der kälteste Kältekreislauf zwei hintereinander geschaltete Kreislaufverdichter auf, nämlich einen Niederdruck-Kreislaufverdichter C3 und einen Hochdruck-Kreislaufverdichter C4. Hierbei erfordert der Hochdruck-Kreislaufverdichter C4 aufgrund des im Vergleich zum Niederdruck-Kreislaufverdichters C3 kleineren Effektivvolumenstroms eine um 130–200%, vorzugsweise 150–180% höhere Drehzahl, um bei optimalem Wirkungsgrad betrieben werden zu können. Das im Niederdruck-Kreislaufverdichter C3 verdichtete Kältemittel
Erfindungsgemäß werden mit Ausnahme des Hochdruck-Kreislaufverdichters C4 drehzahlgleiche Kreislaufverdichter verwendet. Diese drehzahlgleichen Kreislaufverdichter C1–C3 werden von lediglich einer Gasturbine GT angetrieben, wobei diese wenigstens 70%, vorzugsweise wenigstens 75% der erforderlichen Gesamtantriebsleistung aller Kreislaufverdichter bereitstellt. Somit werden die Kreislaufverdichter C1–C3 auf einer Welle gemeinsam von einer Gasturbine GT angetrieben. Lediglich der Hochdruck-Kreislaufverdichter C4 wird von einem elektrischen Motor M2 oder einer Dampfturbine angetrieben. Üblicherweise benötigen große Gasturbinen einen sog. Starter M1, der im Betrieb zur Unterstützung der Gasturbine GT als sog. Helper herangezogen werden kann.According to the invention, with the exception of the high-pressure cycle compressor C4, speed-equivalent cycle compressors are used. These speed-equivalent cycle compressors C1-C3 are driven by only one gas turbine GT, which provides at least 70%, preferably at least 75% of the required total drive power of all cycle compressors. Thus, the cycle compressors C1-C3 are commonly driven on a shaft by a gas turbine GT. Only the high-pressure cycle compressor C4 is driven by an electric motor M2 or a steam turbine. Typically, large gas turbines require a so-called starter M1, which can be used in operation to support the gas turbine GT as a so-called helper.
Um den thermischen Wirkungsgrad des Verflüssigungsverfahrens zu steigern, kann die Abwärme der Gasturbine GT in einem Dampfsystem genutzt werden. Der so gewonnene Dampf kann entweder direkt in Dampfturbinen zum Antrieb der Verdichter C4 und/oder C5 und/oder zur Stromerzeugung verwendet werden.In order to increase the thermal efficiency of the liquefaction process, the waste heat of the gas turbine GT can be used in a steam system. The steam thus obtained can be used either directly in steam turbines to drive the compressors C4 and / or C5 and / or to generate electricity.
Die
Im Unterschied zu dem in der
Wie bei dem in der
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Verflüssigen einer Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion ermöglicht eine effiziente, kompakte und kostengünstige Konfiguration, die durch die Beschränkung auf eine Gasturbine eine sehr hohe Verfügbarkeit aufweist.The inventive method for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich fraction allows an efficient, compact and inexpensive configuration, which has a very high availability due to the restriction to a gas turbine.
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- US 6253574 [0005] US 6253574 [0005]
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DE102015002164.8A DE102015002164A1 (en) | 2015-02-19 | 2015-02-19 | Process for liquefying natural gas |
RU2016105466A RU2698565C2 (en) | 2015-02-19 | 2016-02-18 | Natural gas liquefaction method |
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EP3361196A1 (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2018-08-15 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method for the liquefaction of a fraction rich in hydrocarbon |
US10619917B2 (en) | 2017-09-13 | 2020-04-14 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Multi-product liquefaction method and system |
WO2024008434A1 (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2024-01-11 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Fluid liquefaction method and device |
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DE102004054674A1 (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2006-05-24 | Linde Ag | Process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream |
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AU707336B2 (en) * | 1996-03-26 | 1999-07-08 | Conocophillips Company | Aromatics and/or heavies removal from a methane-based feed by condensation and stripping |
AU2004274706B2 (en) * | 2003-09-23 | 2008-08-07 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Natural gas liquefaction process |
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US6253574B1 (en) | 1997-04-18 | 2001-07-03 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method for liquefying a stream rich in hydrocarbons |
US6691531B1 (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2004-02-17 | Conocophillips Company | Driver and compressor system for natural gas liquefaction |
DE102004054674A1 (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2006-05-24 | Linde Ag | Process for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich stream |
DE102005029275A1 (en) * | 2005-06-23 | 2006-12-28 | Linde Ag | Method for liquefying hydrocarbon-rich flow, in particular flow of natural gas first and second refrigerant-mixture circuits for precooling hydrocarbon-rich flow and third refrigerant-mixture circuit for liquefying and supercooling flow |
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EP3361196A1 (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2018-08-15 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method for the liquefaction of a fraction rich in hydrocarbon |
RU2748406C2 (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2021-05-25 | Линде Акциенгезельшафт | Method for liquefying a hydrocarbon-rich fraction |
US10619917B2 (en) | 2017-09-13 | 2020-04-14 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Multi-product liquefaction method and system |
US11480389B2 (en) | 2017-09-13 | 2022-10-25 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Multi-product liquefaction method and system |
WO2024008434A1 (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2024-01-11 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Fluid liquefaction method and device |
FR3137746A1 (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2024-01-12 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Device and process for liquefying a fluid. |
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