DE102014213276A1 - Linear drive with high power density - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to provide a compact, powerful, simple, robust and universally applicable linear drive (100), such an electric machine with a primary part (101) and on the other hand in the longitudinal extension of the machine movable secondary part (112) is proposed, wherein the primary part rows magnetically conductive , at least two magnetic poles (116) forming segments (102) and each row at least one common coil (105) for generating a magnetic field in the magnetic poles, the secondary part of finger-shaped, from a central region (108) to a peripheral region (103 ) of the machine extending, magnetically conductive core elements (113), one of each row each form a perpendicular to the longitudinal plane core (115) comprises, the rows of segments and core elements alternately in the circumferential direction of the machine and between each other an air gap (114) are arranged, the magnetic poles along the Luf Columns are aligned and the core elements to each magnetic pole at least one opposing permanent magnet (117).

Description

The invention relates to an electrical machine.

State of the art

For the drive and braking of parts in the linear direction, the use of linear drives is known. Linear drives with high displacement usually include a gear to change the direction of rotation from rotational (rotating) in translational (linear). In contrast to linear drives, linear direct drives have no gearbox.

From the publication DE 198 11 073 C2 For example, a cylindrical multiphase transversal flux actuator is known in which the principle of a transversal flux machine is used to provide a high force density cylindrical actuator that can be used, for example, in the location of pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders. In the WO 03/056690 A1 is an electrical machine with a stator and a stator relative to the longitudinal axis of the machine movable motor part, here referred to as a rotor described, which should have an increased magnetic force in relation to their dimensions or to their weight and thus at low Dimensions of the rotor still sufficient force and acceleration delivers.

In summary, it can be stated that the previous solutions do not achieve the necessary force per volume or force per weight. By contrast, conventional linear motors are too large and too heavy to be installed in motor vehicles, for example.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION: Problem, Solution, Advantages

The invention has the object to provide a linear direct drive, which is able to deliver a high force at the same time with a low construction volume and weight, that is as compact as possible and at the same time powerful. This linear direct drive should be simple, robust and universally applicable beyond the application of the electromechanical steering.

This object is achieved by an electric machine having a primary part and a secondary part, which are arranged movable toward one another in the direction of a longitudinal direction of the machine forming a movement direction, wherein the primary part comprises rows of magnetically conductive, at least two magnetic pole-forming segments each aligned in the direction of movement the series of segments has at least one common coil for generating a magnetic field in the magnetic poles which can be acted upon by an electric current, the secondary part has rows arranged in the direction of movement in a finger-shaped fashion extending from a central region of the electric machine to a peripheral region of the electric machine transverse to the direction of movement, magnetically conductive core elements comprises, each one of each of the rows of core elements together form a core and all core elements each have a core in a respective plane perpendicular to the direction of movement are arranged, the rows of segments and core elements are alternately arranged alternately in the circumferential direction of the machine and between each forming an air gap, the magnetic poles are aligned along the air gaps and the core elements for each magnetic pole each have at least one permanent magnet.

In this case, the primary part preferably forms a stator and the secondary part forms a translator of a linear drive. The translator is movably arranged in the direction of the longitudinal extent of the electric machine relative to the stator. The direction of movement of the translator therefore coincides in this electric machine with its longitudinal extension. As will be explained in more detail below, the longitudinal extension and thus the direction of movement can extend along both a straight line and a circular arc or a full circle. Accordingly, the rows of both the segments and the core elements along a straight line or a circular arc or full circle are arranged.

The segments are made of a magnetically conductive, preferably ferromagnetic, material, e.g. soft magnetic iron, formed. The individual segments are spaced apart from each other and thus magnetically isolated aligned in rows that extend along the direction of movement. The segments advantageously have mutually aligned recesses in the direction of movement for receiving windings of at least one coil, which is common to all segments of a row. Thus, all the segments of a row are magnetically excited jointly by the at least one coil in the manner of a transverse flux machine. The windings preferably extend in a straight line through all the segments of the respective row, so that only one winding head is present at the beginning and at the end of the rows. This is a very easy to be wrapped and compact trainee primary and thus a simple and compact electrical machine possible.

The segments are at their side boundaries, by which the segments are bounded in the circumferential direction of the electric machine and extending in a direction transverse to the direction of movement, in particular a radial direction, extending from the central region to the peripheral region of the electric machine and in the direction of movement over an entire length of the segments, divided by the recesses for receiving the windings in at least two magnetic poles. Since each segment has two side boundaries, it comprises a total of at least two magnetic poles. In this case, the segments in the electric machine are arranged in particular such that two segments each of two adjacent in the circumferential direction of the electric machine adjacent rows of segments, each with one of its side boundaries spaced from each other. In between thereby formed between the rows of segments, slot-like from the central region to the peripheral region extending spaces each one of the rows of core elements is arranged. The individual core elements extend finger-like in these spaces, wherein a longitudinal extension of this finger-like training also from the central region extends to the peripheral region, ie along the entire extent of the side boundaries of the segments. Between the core elements and the side boundaries of the segments remain air gaps, which thus also extend from the central region to the peripheral region. The magnetic poles of the segments opposite and spaced therefrom by the air gaps, are preferably arranged on the core elements along the longitudinal direction of permanent magnets, and preferably each arranged at least one permanent magnet opposite to each of the magnetic poles. This achieves a large air gap area as well as a very intensive interaction between the magnetic poles and the permanent magnets and consequently a large force effect of the electric machine.

The core elements forming in a plane and a core are laminated or stamped. These core elements consist of a sheet that is punched and then packaged. The individual cores are spaced apart from each other and thereby lined up against each other magnetically isolated along the direction of movement. In this way, a magnetic closure over in a series consecutive core elements of two successive cores and an adjacent segment is avoided.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.

According to a preferred embodiment of the electric machine according to the invention for a multi-phase food of the machine, the at least one common coil each one of the rows of segments can be acted upon by a current. This current is offset from a current with which the at least one common coil of an adjacent in the circumferential direction of the machine of the rows of segments can be acted upon by a predetermined phase angle. The associated rows of the segments are offset from one another by a part of a spacing corresponding to the phase angle in the rows of successive segments in the direction of movement. The distance measured in the direction of movement of two consecutive segments in a row is also referred to as groove width. The spatial offset of the rows of segments in the direction of travel relative to one another, measured in fractions of the slot width, thus corresponds to the phase angle between the electrical excitations of these rows of segments, measured in fractions of a period of this electrical excitation. Is e.g. designed such a machine for three-phase food, three rows of segments are arranged offset by one third of the groove width in the direction of movement against each other and fed the associated coils with a mutual phase angle of 120 ° with power.

A further preferred embodiment of the electric machine according to the invention is characterized in that the segments with a first fastener non-positively and / or positively and in particular magnetically isolated against each other and that the cores with a second fastener non-positively and / or positively and in particular magnetically against each other isolated are connected. As already stated, the individual segments or the individual cores in the relevant rows are spaced apart in the direction of movement and thus magnetically insulated. For this purpose, especially the first fastening means is magnetically non-conductive.

In a further preferred embodiment of the electric machine according to the invention, magnetic flux paths for a magnetic flux generated in at least one of the segments extend at least almost exclusively over the magnetic poles of the at least one of the segments and the adjacent core elements. The forming magnetic flux paths are largely limited to the core elements, the permanent magnets disposed thereon and the segments.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the electric machine according to the invention, the first fastening means is arranged in the peripheral region of the machine and the second fastening means is arranged in the middle region of the machine. According to this embodiment, the electric machine is designed as an internal rotor. The first fastening means is preferably designed as a machine housing, which Cylindrical segments, ie with a uniform cross-section along the direction of movement surrounds segments and cores. The second attachment means is preferably configured tubular and / or rod-shaped.

Preferably, the segments are arranged such that the normal forces are compensated. These normal forces are several times as great as the feed forces. It is thus preferably provided for each core, that in each case two segments of the same phase or the same energization are arranged opposite one another. For N phases, M segment rows are provided, where M is preferably 2 times N or 4 times N.

According to a preferred development of the electric machine according to the invention, the primary part is formed with cooling elements, wherein the cooling elements are arranged in particular in intermediate spaces in a series of segments of mutually adjacent segments. The spaces between the segments, which are arranged adjacent to each other in each one of the rows of segments in the direction of the longitudinal extension of the rows and thus the longitudinal extent of the electric machine, are thus advantageously used in addition. For this purpose, non-magnetic spacers which are formed with the cooling elements are preferably arranged in these intermediate spaces. For this, the cooling elements are advantageously designed as coolant channels for conducting liquid or gaseous coolant. These spacers or cooling elements are guided in the interspaces between winding sections of the coils where these winding sections bridge the interspaces in each case in a series of adjacent or successive segments, and are thus located not only in the immediate vicinity of the segments but also in sections Coils so that heat can be dissipated directly from both the segments and the coils.

The cooling elements may preferably have liquid-transporting tubes, which are guided in the direction of movement through the segments and connected at the end to a heat exchanger. Furthermore, the housing could have a water jacket. Particularly preferably, the cooling elements can be formed with evaporative cooling by means of heat pipes. For the purposes of this invention, a heat pipe is a heat exchanger which, by utilizing heat of vaporization of a working medium transmitting heat energy, allows a high heat flow density, so that large quantities of heat can be transported on a small cross-sectional area. A heat pipe contains a hermetically encapsulated volume, usually in the form of a tube, with the working medium, eg. As water or ammonia, to a small extent in liquid, is filled to the larger in the vapor state. There is one heat transfer surface each for the heat source and sink. When heat is applied to the heat source, the working medium evaporates there. The resulting vapor flows to the heat sink and condenses there, releasing the previously recorded latent heat. The now liquid working medium returns by gravity or by capillary forces back to the heat source. Heat pipes generally come for the transport of the working medium without additional mechanical aids such. B. from a circulation pump. Such a heat pipe is referred to as a heat pipe when the return transport of the condensed working medium takes place by capillary forces on the wick principle. The entire transport of the working medium is thus position independent. Heatpipes also work under weightlessness or against gravity and have higher transmittable power than just heat pipes working with gravity. Heatpipes are used wherever high heat flux densities are required in any orientation.

An embodiment of the cooling elements, in particular with heat pipes, is particularly preferred for the electric machine according to the invention because of its position-independently high heat transfer capability.

The invention is thus preferably a linear direct drive for driving or braking a vehicle part of a motor vehicle. As vehicle parts are the steering, the brake booster, the suspension damper or the like into consideration. Important for the application is that the movement is linear and no or hardly permanent holding forces are applied by the linear direct drive. Another significant advantageous feature of the invention is that the linear drive can be easily varied in its thickness and length dimensions. As a result, the linear drive is easily adaptable to the particular application.

A first, most important application is for the invention in the steering system of a motor vehicle, ie with the linear drive should primarily the requirements of a steering system on force, cogging forces, volume of the electric machine and the like are met. Concerning. Steering systems, the inertia here is much lower compared to the engine-gearbox combinations that are standard today. It is a much more dynamic, sporty, direct steering possible. The inertia is also critical for hard impacts against the curb or similar. Due to the inertia of the end stops and the transmission are often damaged because the rotational energy must be reduced. Another important feature to be met by the linear drive in the application described and is met by the invention, is that the linear drive has no sliding contacts, whereby the maintenance of a built-up with the linear drive according to the invention steering system is ensured and thus highest demands on the Resilience is enough. In an electromechanical steering system in which a support motor indirectly or directly drives a steering rack, the translator is advantageously attached to the rack as the moving part of the linear drive. Particularly advantageous electrical machine of the invention fulfills the important and difficult to solve task to keep weight and volume while achieving the required high force in reasonable limits.

The electric machine according to the invention has some special properties for increasing the force density. Since the achievable force is proportional to the air gap area, i. to the overlap area between stator poles and translator magnets, a large air gap area is desired to achieve high motor forces. The star-shaped cross-section of the electric machine according to the invention provides a very good basis, a large air gap area with at the same time high rigidity, i. Bending strength to achieve the mechanical structure. Further, since pole width and force action are inversely proportional to each other, to increase the force, as many poles as possible are to be accommodated over the entire length of the machine, i. is to aim for a very small pole width. A limitation in the reduction of the pole width is generally the maintenance of the required stiffness of the iron parts, the required iron cross section in the flow path and the space required for the windings, in particular their winding heads. To reduce the pole width, the machine according to the invention is designed as a transverse flux machine in which the windings are guided as a straight conductor through the entire machine. Thus, winding heads arise only at the end pieces.

In summary, the invention provides a compact, powerful, simple, robust and universally applicable linear drive. For this purpose, such an electric machine with a primary part and a movable longitudinal extent of the machine secondary part is proposed, wherein the primary part rows of magnetically conductive, at least two magnetic poles forming segments and each row comprises at least one common coil for generating a magnetic field in the magnetic poles, the Secondary section rows of finger-shaped, extending from a central region to a peripheral region of the machine, comprising magnetically conductive core elements, the rows of segments and core elements are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction of the machine and between each forming an air gap, the magnetic poles are aligned along the air gaps and the core elements for each magnetic pole comprise at least one opposing permanent magnet.

Brief description of the drawings

Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and will be described in more detail below, wherein matching elements in all figures are given the same reference numerals and a repeated description of these elements is omitted. Show it:

1 A first embodiment of an electric machine according to the invention in an embodiment for a three-phase food,

2 a perspective view of a secondary part or Translators,

3 a perspective view of a primary part or stator,

4 a schematic representation in a magnetically conductive segment in the first embodiment of the electric machine according to the invention 1 caused magnetic flux paths,

5 a schematic representation of an arcuate longitudinal section along a section line AA through the electric machine according to 1 .

6 a schematic external view of the electric machine according to 1 .

7 A second embodiment of an electric machine according to the invention in a design for a three-phase food,

8th a schematic representation in a magnetically conductive segment in the second embodiment of the electric machine according to the invention 7 caused magnetic flux paths for a first current flow direction in an associated coil,

9 A third embodiment of an electric machine according to the invention in a design for a two-phase food,

10 A fourth embodiment of an electrical machine according to the invention, and

11 a schematic representation of an arcuate longitudinal section along a section line AA through the electric machine according to 10 ,

Preferred embodiment of the invention

In 1 is with the reference numeral 100 a first embodiment of an electrical machine according to the invention in an embodiment for a three-phase food called, ie in this electric machine, a common three-phase winding system was selected. As will be shown below by an example, winding systems with other phase numbers, for example two-phase or four-phase winding systems, are also possible. The machine 100 , in 1 in a cross-section BB, whose location in 6 is shown, shown perpendicular to the longitudinal extent and direction of movement, has a primary part 101 on, in this embodiment, a stator of the machine 100 forms and six aligned in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing aligned rows of magnetically conductive, each four magnetic poles 116 forming segments 102 as well as one in a peripheral area 103 the machine 100 arranged housing 104 includes. In the representation of in 1 shown cross section of the machine 100 For the sake of simplicity and clarity, it is not shown that the individual rows of segments 102 are arranged slightly offset in the depth at right angles to the plane of the drawing.

Each of the rows of segments 102 has a common coil can be acted upon by an electric current 105 for generating a magnetic field in the magnetic poles 116 the segments 102 on. To pick up the coil 105 assigns each segment 102 in this embodiment, three serving as a winding spaces recesses 106 . 107 on. Of these are two small recesses 106 the housing 104 facing, and a large recess 107 is a center area 108 the machine 100 facing. The contour of the segments 102 in cross-section is chosen such that the small recesses 106 equal to each other and with respect to a center and symmetry plane 111 the segments 102 are designed mirror-symmetrically and in sum have the same cross-sectional area as the large recess 107 , This is the changing room for Hinleiter 110 the coil 105 as large as the changing room for return ladder 109 the coil 105 , and the coil 105 is with their out of return conductors 110 . 109 As well as winding heads formed turns evenly on the two small recesses 106 distributed. Thus, results for both the lead 110 as well as for the return conductors 109 the same fill factor, and one by loading the coil 105 caused magnetic flux is evenly on both halves of the segments 102 on both sides of the middle and symmetry plane 111 distributed.

The machine 100 also has a secondary part 112 on, the opposite to the primary section 101 in the direction of movement, ie the longitudinal extent of the machine 100 is arranged movable perpendicular to the plane and a translator of the machine 100 forms. The secondary part 112 , ie the translator, comprises rows aligned in the direction of movement in a finger-shaped fashion, extending from the central area 108 the electric machine 100 to the peripheral area 103 Transversely to the direction of movement radially and evenly over the circumference of the machine 100 distributed extending, magnetically conductive core elements 113 , The rows of segments 102 and the rows of core elements 113 are alternately in the circumferential direction of the machine 100 and between each other an air gap 114 forming arranged. For the three-phase machine 100 to 1 are thus six rows of core elements 113 intended. Six core elements 113 form a nucleus 115 , All core elements 113 a core 115 are arranged in a respective plane perpendicular to the direction of movement. The segments 102 are with the recesses 106 . 107 designed so that along each of the air gaps 114 two of the magnetic poles 116 are formed and aligned. The core elements 113 are along their longitudinal extent from the center area 108 to the peripheral area 103 the air gaps 114 facing and the magnetic poles 116 opposite with permanent magnets 117 equipped with each magnetic pole 116 on each one of the segments 102 at least one permanent magnet 117 on the adjacent core element 113 on the other side of the air gap 114 opposite. Here, in the figures, the magnetization direction 150 marked by a small white triangle.

The machine 100 is with the illustrated arrangement of the rows of segments 102 and the core elements 113 six-fold rotationally symmetrical, with the housing 104 in the peripheral area 103 a circular cross-section and the center region 108 have a circular cross-section; both cross sections are concentric with a longitudinal axis lying in the direction of movement 118 arranged in 1 is perpendicular to the drawing plane. The secondary part 112 the machine 100 points in its center, ie concentric to the longitudinal axis 118 , a translator rod 119 on. This is a preferred application of the machine 100 for a drive of a vehicle steering system around a steel rod which is shaped similar to a rack of such a vehicle steering. The core elements 113 one core each 115 run in one around the translator rod 119 arranged around annular portion 120 together. The magnetically conductive, annular sections 120 all cores 115 form with the translator rod 119 together a second fastening means 121 of the secondary part, ie the translator 112 ; the magnetically conductive, annular sections 120 are thus magnetically conductive sections 120 of the second attachment means 121 , On the translator rod 119 are alternately the magnetically conductive, six-armed cores 115 , in particular ferromagnetic, and magnetically non-conductive placeholder, for example, made of plastic or ceramic, arranged. The attachment of the cores 115 on the translator rod 119 is preferably made by cold shrinking, pressing, gluing or the like. Alternatively, the cores can 115 on the translator rod 119 be screwed, for example, on one side of a stop and on the other side a nut is provided. The housing 104 also serves as a first attachment means for securing the segments 102 , These are the magnetically conductive, especially ferromagnetic, segments 102 in the tubular housing 104 inserted. The segments 102 are about fixatives 123a on the housing 104 fixed. For this purpose, the fixatives 123a dovetail-shaped and on the inner wall of the housing 104 arranged like a rail and by means of fastening bolts 123 on the housing 104 attached. For fine adjustment and clamping of the segments 102 are between front ends of the core elements 113 and the inner wall of the housing 104 Adjusters 124 arranged. The adjustment means 124 can be designed as trapezoidal brass pieces. As in 1 shown are the adjustment means 124 on four of the six core elements 113 intended. At the other two core elements 113 are anti-rotation devices 125 intended. For this purpose are on two opposing core elements 113 frontal recesses 125a arranged. Within these recesses 125a are two sheets each 125b , For example, stainless steel sheets, arranged, which one on the inner wall of the housing 104 arranged and in the recess 125a protruding rail 125c , For example, brass rail, embrace.

In 2 is a secondary part 112 or translator of the machine 100 out 1 shown in perspective view. 3 shows a primary part 101 or stator of the machine 100 out 1 in perspective view.

In the embodiment of the machine 100 according to 1 is the design of the cross-sectional contours of the segments 102 , also referred to as Statorgeometrie, chosen such that the magnetically conductive, annular portion 120 each of the cores 115 to the translator rod 119 adjoins, as a flux guide for one in the machine 100 caused magnetic flux is used. Because of its appearance, this is the stator geometry, ie the design of the segments 102 , referred to as "water runners". In this "runner" design, there are three major magnetic flux paths, which are schematically shown in FIG 4 are shown, with a reproduction of constructive details of the machine 100 is largely dispensed with.

The first of these magnetic flux paths, in 4 characterized by a mark with the reference numeral 171 , runs counterclockwise around those in the large recess 107 in the segment 102 guided winding sections of the coil 105 around. In detail, the first magnetic flux path leads 171 for the one in the segment 102 generated magnetic flux successively via a first of the magnetic poles 116 of the segment 102 at a first of its side boundaries, across the air gap 114 to this magnetic pole 116 opposite permanent magnets 117 , about that of the core elements 113 at which this permanent magnet 117 is disposed over the magnetically conductive portion 120 of the second attachment means 121 , about another core element 113 opposite the second of the side boundaries of the segment 102 , a further permanent magnet arranged thereon 117 and the air gap 114 to another, the other permanent magnet 117 opposite magnetic pole 116 of the segment 102 and back into it.

The second of these magnetic flux paths, in 4 characterized by a mark with the reference numeral 172 , is due to the symmetry of the "runner" design of the segment 102 to the middle and symmetry plane 111 duplicated. Depending on one of these second flow paths 172 runs directly around each in one of the small recesses 106 in the segment 102 guided winding sections of the coil 105 around. In detail, the second magnetic flux path leads 172 for the one in the segment 102 generated magnetic flux successively via a third of the magnetic poles 116 of the segment 102 at the second side boundary, over the air gap 114 to this third magnetic pole 116 opposite permanent magnets 117 , about the more core element 113 at which this permanent magnet 117 is arranged, via a third permanent magnet 117 at the other core element 113 , over the air gap 114 to the further magnetic pole 116 and around the recess 106 in a clockwise direction.

The third of these magnetic flux paths, in 4 characterized by a mark with the reference numeral 173 , runs more spacious than the second river path 172 over an outer, the peripheral area 103 the machine 100 adjacent section of the segment 102 , over the third magnetic pole 116 , the air gap 114 , the opposite permanent magnets 117 , the more core element 113 , the third permanent magnet 117 , over the air gap 114 back to the further magnetic pole 116 and about the segment 102 to the first magnetic pole 116 , over the air gap 114 to a first magnetic pole 116 opposite permanent magnets 117 on the first mentioned core element 113 and about this and a sixth in the described river paths 171 . 172 . 173 included permanent magnets 117 and the air gap 114 back to the outer, the peripheral area 103 the machine 100 adjacent section of the segment 102 , The third river path 173 is thus only an extension of the second flow paths 172 ,

This parallel flux distribution results in a relatively low magnetic resistance. This results in a correspondingly high phase inductance for the currents in the coils 105 , This greatly limits the dynamics of the machine, ie it limits a current slew rate of the currents in the coils, also referred to as phase currents 105 , is for a use of the machine according to the invention as a slow, powerful direct drive but usually not disturbing. The low magnetic resistance has the consequence that the magnetic flux and thus the magnetic flux density in the air gap 114 with 1 to 1.3 Tesla is very high. This also contributes to maximizing the force. The available, magnetically conductive material of the segments 102 and the cores 115 , in particular iron or another ferromagnetic material, and the area of the air gap 114 are very well exploited. Only in the area of the fastening bolt 123 The magnetic flux density is nearly zero, therefore changing the fixative 123a , the recess therein and the fastening bolt 123 hardly anything in the magnetic conductivity.

The direction of flow or direction of the magnetic field for the described magnetic flux paths are indicated by arrows 174 marked. This flux or magnetic field distribution and direction results when in the recesses 106 . 107 guided, not shown turns of the coil 105 carry an electric current in the specified current directions, with a mark 175 with a circled cross a stream into the drawing plane and a marker 176 with a circled point signifying a stream out of the plane of the drawing. In the permanent magnets 117 agrees the direction of flow or direction of the magnetic field 174 with the magnetization direction 150 match.

Another advantageous feature of the rotationally symmetrical structure of the electric machine according to the invention 100 , in particular of sechsig rotationally symmetrical structure, is in the compensation of magnetic normal forces between the stator 101 and the translator 112 ie between the segments 102 and the cores 115 with the permanent magnets 117 , which can be up to three times as large as the propulsive forces acting in the direction of movement. In the six rows of segments 102 are then housed in particular two three-phase winding strands. By the opposite arrangement of the same, ie fed with the same power, segments 102 the normal forces are canceled each other. Generates eg in 1 up " 12 Clock "arranged segment 102 a maximum force and thereby exerts on the translator 112 an upward force, at the same time generates the in 1 below "at 6 o'clock" arranged segment 102 the same but downward force, so the translator 112 total is kept in balance.

5 shows a schematic representation of an arcuate longitudinal section along a section line AA through the electric machine 100 according to 1 , The cut surface is concentric about the longitudinal axis 118 the machine 100 parallel to the direction of movement of the translator 112 , here with arrows by the reference numeral 180 is indicated. In longitudinal section AA are three rows of segments 102 and four rows of core elements arranged therebetween 113 shown, wherein the outer rows of core elements 113 along the direction of movement 180 are shown half cut open. The individual core elements 113 one each of the cores 115 with the permanent magnets 117 are in each one by a line 127 indicated plane perpendicular to the direction of movement 180 arranged. Between the core elements 113 two each in the direction of movement 180 successive cores 115 are spacers 128 made of a magnetically non-conductive material, preferably plastic or ceramic, inserted. This is achieved in addition to a magnetic insulation and cost and weight savings and the strength of the Translators 112 elevated. The magnetic insulation hinders the formation of a magnetic leakage or leakage flux over one of the segments 102 and two in the direction of movement 180 successive permanent magnets 117 when the segment is exactly between these two permanent magnets.

The illustrated machine 100 is constructed in three phases, ie designed for three-phase food. These are the in 5 reproduced three rows of segments 102 against each other by one third of a groove width τ _n in the direction of movement 180 arranged offset from one another and the associated coils 105 powered with a mutual phase angle of 120 ° with electricity.

5 still shows gaps 129 between every two in a row of segments 102 adjacent segments 102 are inserted. There, where sideways of the recesses 106 . 107 the place is not for the windings of the coils 105 is required, optionally further non-magnetic spacers and / or cooling elements may be arranged, through which a heat dissipation radially outward into the peripheral region 103 or to the housing 104 he follows.

In a modification of the above 1 described attachment of the segments 102 in the case 104 these are joined together with dovetail joints and supported by spacers in the direction of movement against each other to avoid a shift in the direction of movement. Due to the shear forces occurring in operation in the direction of movement can advantageously between the segments 102 regardless of the type of attachment of the segments 102 in the case 104 Spacers may be provided in the direction of movement.

6 shows a schematic external view of the electric machine 100 according to 1 , Therein, with a section line BB is the view of the machine 100 according to 1 designated. In the same sectional view are also the views described below of the other embodiments. 6 shows the case 104 of the stator 101 the machine 100 with three rows of mounting bolts 123 along with associated nuts and washers for three rows of segments 102 , facing each other in the direction of movement 180 as in 5 shown offset by one third of the slot width τ _n . Due to the lateral view, the other three rows of bolts are in 6 Not shown. The bolts for the adjustment means 124 are also in 6 Not shown. Also shown are three of the coils 105 with their two-sided winding heads 130 , As in 6 shown, assigns each of the coils 105 only two windings 130 on, whereby considerable space is saved. Due to the special design of the stator 101 and the segments 102 There are motor contacts, ie connections of the coils 105 , in the direction of movement 180 only on one side of the machine 100 , This facilitates contacting the machine 100 with a control circuit, in particular a power electronics, for feeding the coils 105 ,

Due to the design of the electric machine according to the invention 100 are the distances of the segments 102 with each other in the direction of movement 180 and the cores 115 with each other in the direction of movement 180 largely variable. The segments 102 can change the mounting holes for the mounting bolts 123 in the case 104 be attached with other distances to each other. At the translator 112 can be thicker or thinner spacers 128 be used. Thus, the force-velocity curve can to some extent to that of the machine 100 be adapted to meet requirements.

As materials for the permanent magnets 117 are preferred NdFeB magnetic materials very high energy density and a CoFe alloy as a flux guide for the segments 102 , the core elements 113 and the magnetically conductive annular portions of the cores 115 used. With some compromises in the performance of the electric machine 100 are also commercially available electrical steel, eg of the material type M330-50A, and weaker permanent magnets 117 , eg made of SmCo, AINiCo or similar materials, can be used. Due to a preferred use cases of the electric machine 100 only required low dynamics can the magnetically conductive components of the machine 100 , Especially made of iron materials parts, also made of solid material. A sheet is not necessary.

The machine according to the invention can be executed as a motor, as a pure generator or as a motor generator.

In 7 is a second embodiment of an electrical machine according to the invention, again in an embodiment for a three-phase food, ie as a three-phase machine, again in the sectional view BB according to 6 represented and with the reference numeral 200 designated. The machine 200 includes, as well as in 1 illustrated machine 100 , a primary section 201 or a stator and a secondary part 212 or translator.

In a modification of the first embodiment of the 1 to 6 assign the segments 202 only two symmetrical to its center and symmetry plane 211 arranged and to the middle and symmetry plane 211 mirror-symmetrically designed recesses 206 . 207 for picking up the turns of a coil 205 on. Because of its appearance, this is the stator geometry, ie the design of the segments 202 , has been referred to as a "space glider". In this "space glider" design takes a first recess 206 all the way forward 210 the coil 205 on, and all return conductors 209 the coil 205 run in a second recesses 207 , In the Hinleitern 210 that flows into the coil 205 fed current into the plane, characterized by a marker 175 with a circled cross. In the return ladders 209 that flows into the coil 205 fed current out of the drawing plane, marked by a marker 176 with a circled point. Through the recesses 206 . 207 are in each of the segments 202 a middle, radially between one mid-range 208 the machine 200 and the peripheral area 103 extending flux guide 231 (not in 7 shown), which is centered to the center and symmetry plane 211 of the segment 202 is arranged, and four magnetic poles 216 forms.

Each of these magnetic poles 216 along air gaps 214 opposite is ever a permanent magnet 217 arranged. The permanent magnets 217 are on the magnetic poles 216 the segments 202 facing side surfaces of core elements 213 arranged. The core elements 213 are also arranged in perpendicular to the plane extending rows, one each between two of the rows of segments 202 and of these through the air gaps 214 is positioned at a distance. In each case, one of the core elements preferably lies once again 213 each of the rows in a plane parallel to the drawing plane or in this and run in one around the Translatorstange 119 arranged around annular portion 220 together. Unlike the machine 100 to 1 can the annular sections 220 at the machine 200 be formed magnetically non-conductive, as it, as explained below, are not required as a flux guide. This allows the choice of a possibly weight-saving material for the annular sections 220 For example, an aluminum alloy instead of an iron material.

The cores 215 formed with one annular section each 220 and six radiating from the center area 208 to the peripheral area 103 extending core elements 213 with permanent magnets arranged thereon 217 , are concentric to a longitudinal axis 218 the machine 200 on one according to 1 trained translator rod 119 lined up. The translator rod 119 forms together with the annular sections 220 the cores 215 a second attachment means 121 for the core elements 213 and with these together a secondary part 212 ie a translator of the machine 200 ,

8th shows a schematic representation in a magnetically conductive segment 202 in the second embodiment of the electric machine according to the invention 200 according to 7 caused magnetic flux paths for a first current flow direction, ie direction of the injected current in an associated coil 205 , In this first current flow direction, the forward conductor 210 the coil 205 with the current flowing into the plane of the drawing, marked by the marking 175 with a circled cross, in the first recess 206 of the segment 202 are arranged and the return conductors 209 the coil 205 with the stream flowing out of the drawing plane, marked by the mark 176 with a circled point, in the second recess 207 of the segment 202 are arranged. arrows 274 serve to identify the flow direction or direction of the magnetic field. In both cases, two flux paths are formed which are symmetrical to the center and symmetry planes 211 of the segment 202 from the middle river conductor 231 via one of the middle sections 208 facing magnetic poles 216 , one air gap each 214 , each one opposite permanent magnet 217 , one core element each 213 , one more permanent magnet each 217 , the air column 214 and one each of the peripheral area 103 (not in 8th drawn) facing magnetic poles 216 to the middle river conductor 231 gone back; this will be the middle area 208 not touched. The flow paths thus divide, starting from the middle flux guide 231 , evenly on the core elements 213 on both sides of the segment 202 on, lead through the permanent magnets arranged there 217 and then reunite in the middle river ladder 231 ,

The "space glider" design of the segments 202 does not allow as much use of the iron as the "water runner" design, but can be very well adapted to different configurations of electrical machines. In addition, the "space slider" design has a smaller number of permanent magnets and partial windings of the coils than the "runner" design. At the other events nothing changes.

As an example of the possibility to feed the electric machine according to the invention with multi-or less-phase currents shows 9 in a third embodiment, an embodiment of an electrical machine according to the invention 300 , the two- or with appropriate internal electrical circuitry therein existing coils and entprechender magnetization of the permanent magnets can be fed optionally also four-phase. The machine 300 has in its turn designed as a stator primary part 301 four rows of segments 302 which are designed according to the "water runner" design and between which four rows of core elements 313 a designed as a translator secondary part 312 are arranged alternately. Due to the smaller number of rows of segments 302 , which in turn are distributed over a full circle, are the segments 302 wedge-shaped with a wedge angle of 90 ° instead of 60 ° as in the first and in the second embodiments. The segments 302 again have a central area 308 the machine 300 facing large recess 307 as well as two small recesses 306 on that between the big recess 307 and a peripheral area 303 the machine 300 are arranged. In contrast to the representation after the 1 and 4 are in 9 Do the washing up 305 to each of the rows of segments 302 with their leaders 310 , which lead a directed into the plane of drawing into the current, in the big gaps 307 and with their returners 309 , which carry a directed out of the plane of the drawing out stream, in the small recesses 306 arranged. This is the magnetization direction 150 at the core elements 313 arranged permanent magnets 317 compared to the 1 . 4 and 5 vice versa. Course and direction of the magnetic flux are in 9 using the example of one of the segments 302 with arrows 374 indicated. As in the first embodiment, a flow path leads between two core elements 313 by a magnetically conductive, annular portion 320 one each four of the core elements 313 comprehensive core 315 ; this section 320 is part of a second fastener 321 (not in 9 drawn) of the translator 312 again, one by one in the direction of movement 180 lying longitudinal axis 318 the machine 300 concentrically arranged translator rod 119 includes. For the sake of simplicity, reference is made to a representation of a housing forming a first fastener in the peripheral region 303 the machine 300 as well as a description of other constructional details, those of the machine 100 are comparable according to the first embodiment, omitted.

A fourth embodiment of an embodiment of an electrical machine according to the invention 400 is in 10 shown. This machine 400 has, as the above-described embodiments according to 1 . 7 and 9 a primary part 401 or a stator and a secondary part 412 or Translator on. In contrast to the first three embodiments, each individual segment 402 exactly two magnetic poles 416 on. Furthermore, in each segment 402 exactly two recesses 406 . 407 for receiving a coil 405 arranged. The leader 410 the coil 405 is in the first recess 406 arranged. The return conductor 409 the coil 405 is in the second recess 407 arranged. The two recesses 406 . 407 each segment are arranged substantially opposite each other. In principle, the permanent magnets could also in this embodiment 417 designed as surface magnets and on the core elements 413 be arranged. Alternatively, in this fourth embodiment, the permanent magnets 417 not formed as surface magnets and on the core elements 413 arranged, but designed as a collector magnets and in the core elements 413 be arranged. The arrangement as a collector magnets is in the 10 and 11 shown by way of example for the fourth embodiment. This allows the number of permanent magnets 417 be significantly reduced. Furthermore, more magnetic material can be introduced, which enhances the excitation and the resultant force.

Because of the permanent magnets 417 designed as a collector magnets and in the core elements 413 are arranged, omitted in this fourth embodiment, the spacers on the Translatorseite. Their function is now carried out by the permanent magnets 417 , The segments 402 have the shape of the letter "H" in cross-section. Distantly, the geometry looks like two hammerheads on a stick. The geometry is therefore also called "double hammer" geometry.

The main river path runs between the two recesses 406 . 407 into the translator. In the axial direction becomes a permanent magnet 417 go through and then the flow goes in the direction of the Translatorstange 119 further. At the translator rod 119 The flow in the translator passes, as it were, along the other side of the stator module. There will be a permanent magnet again 417 go through so that the flow is again on the same translator core, as before the first permanent magnet 417 , Then the flow path is closed by going back to the stator from the translator.

One advantage of this arrangement is, inter alia, that the flow in the translator is divided accordingly. In the arrangements according to the first three embodiments, on the other hand, when the translator and the stator overlap, a high flux density is created in the translator since the flux lies completely in an axial plane. Since, in the fourth embodiment, the flow splits into at least two translator levels, the pole width can be further reduced.

The fixatives 123a protrude into the first recess 406 into it. Here is the first recess 406 aligned to the peripheral area. There are thus no additional recesses for receiving the fixative 123a in the segments 402 necessary.

11 shows a schematic representation of an arcuate longitudinal section along a section line AA through the electric machine according to 10 , This representation is analogous to 5 , where in 5 the arcuate longitudinal section through the first embodiment of the electric machine according to 1 is shown. For this reason, a detailed description of the 11 waived. As already too 10 described for the fourth embodiment, the arrangement of the permanent magnets 417 as collector magnets in the core elements 413 be provided. This arrangement is in 11 also shown.

Especially for applications with low haptic requirements, eg linear generators for floor slabs, are one- or two-phase systems due to the simpler mechanical design and a simplified power electronics advantageous.

The electrical machine according to the invention allows by its design as a transverse flux machine training with straight ladders and thus allows a reduction in pole or groove width. By a star-shaped design, an increase of the air gap area is achieved. There are several flow paths for better utilization of the air gap surface is provided. In preferred embodiments, co-use of an inner core or central steel rod, i. Translator rod, as a flux guide to a further improved use of the materials used and thus to a higher performance of the machine, based on their weight. By the offset of the segments of the stator and planar translator cores a simple, variable structure is obtained. Spacers between the translator cores form a simple and effective magnetic insulation, with the same weight and cost can be saved and the strength is increased. The modular design allows a very simple scaling in length; changing the length of the machine requires only a longer housing and a longer translator rod. This makes a simple and flexible adaptation to different applications possible. Also the pole resp. Slot width is very easily adjustable by variably selectable distances of the segments within the rows of segments, there are e.g. only needed new holes in the housing for the mounting bolts of the segments and differently sized spacers for the translator cores. Due to the simple design of coils, a simple winding technique is possible in the production, it can even be wound manually. Favorable manufacturing is also enabled by simple designs of segments and translator cores, e.g. by simple punching dies for the production of laminated cores.

The electric machine according to the invention is particularly advantageous tailored to an application for a motor-assisted vehicle steering. The "skimmer" configuration of the segments enables a particularly high power density in the machine, comparable to that of geared motors, i. Engine-gearbox combinations, opposite to e.g. in the application for a vehicle steering advantageous the transmission can be saved. In addition to an application for electromechanical vehicle steering applications also come with electronically controlled shock absorbers, electromechanical brake boosters, electromechanical door openers, electromechanical seat and / or cab dampers of trucks and buses and in driving other facilities where powerful, linear movements are performed without holding forces into consideration , In addition to these applications, which are essentially directed towards the motor vehicle industry, an application of the invention is possible for detaching hydraulic rams and thrusters, e.g. in industrial manufacturing plants, in door operations, e.g. for sliding doors and gates, in rudder systems and / or for wing adjustment in aircraft or watercraft and in wave generators, in particular so-called fire generators. Furthermore, the electric machine according to the invention is to be used for hexapods and vibrating test stands.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

100

 Electric machine

101

Primary part or stator of 100

102

Segments of 101

103

Circumference of 100 . 200

104

Housing and first fastener of 101 . 201

105

Coil of 101

106

Small recesses in 102 For 105

107

Big recess in 102 For 105

108

Middle range of 100

109

Return conductor of 105

110

Leader of 105

111

Middle and symmetry plane of 102

112

Secondary part or translator of 100

113

Core elements of 112

114

Air gap between 102 and 113 such as 302 and 313

115

Core of 112

116

Magnetic pole of 102

117

Permanent magnets on 113

118

Longitudinal axis of 100

119

Translator rod of 112 . 212 . 312 , Part of 121 . 221 . 321

120

Magnetically conductive, annular section of 115 , Part of 121

121

Second fixing means of 112

123

Fixing bolts for 102 . 202

123a

 fixative

124

 Adjusters

125

 twist

125a

 recess

125b

 sheets

125c

 rails

127

Line, indicates plane at right angles 180 in which the core elements 113

ever

a core 115 lie

128

 spacer

129

Spaces between every two in a series of segments 102 adjacent segments 102

130

Winding heads of 105

150

Magnetization direction of 117 . 217 . 317 . 417

171

 First magnetic river path

172

 Second magnetic flux path

173

 Third magnetic river path

174

Arrows for identifying the direction of flow or direction of the magnetic field for 171 . 172 . 173

175

 Marking with a circled cross for a stream into the drawing plane

176

 Marker with a circled point for a stream out of the drawing plane

180

 movement direction

200

 Electric machine

201

Primary part or stator of 200

202

Segments of 201

205

Coil of 201

206

First recess in 202

207

Second recess in 202

208

Middle range of 200

209

Return conductor of 205

210

Leader of 205

211

Middle and symmetry plane of 202

212

Secondary part or translator of 200

213

Core elements of 212

214

Air gap between 202 and 213

215

Core of 212

216

Magnetic pole of 202

217

Permanent magnets on 213

218

Longitudinal axis of 200

220

Magnetically nonconductive, annular section of 215 , Part of 221

221

Second fixing means of 212

231

Along middle river ladder 211 from 202

274

Arrows for identifying the direction of flow or direction of the magnetic field 8th

275

 Magnetic field or flux lines

300

 Electric machine

301

Primary part or stator of 300

302

Segments of 301

303

Circumference of 300

305

Coil of 301

306

Small recesses in 302 For 310 from 305

307

Big recess in 302 For 309 from 305

308

Middle range of 300

309

Return conductor of 305

310

Leader of 305

312

Secondary part or translator of 300

313

Core elements of 312

315

Core of 312

317

Permanent magnets on 313

318

Longitudinal axis of 300

320

Magnetically conductive, annular section of 315 , Part of 321

321

Second fixing means of 312

374

 Arrows for identifying the direction of flow or direction of the magnetic field

400

 Electric machine

401

Primary part of 400

402

Segments of 401

403

Circumference of 400

405

Coil of 401

406

 First recess

407

 Second recess

408

Middle range of 400

409

Return conductor of 405

410

Leader of 405

412

Secondary part of 400

413

Core elements of 412

415

Core of 412

417

Permanent magnets in 413

420

Magnetically conductive, annular section of 415

421

Second fixing means of 412

A-A

Longitudinal section through 100

B-B

Cross section through 100

τ _n

 groove width

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 19811073 C2 [0002]
• WO 03/056690 A1 [0002]

Claims (14)

Electric machine ( 100 ; 200 ; 300 ; 400 ) with a primary part ( 101 ; 201 ; 301 ; 401 ) and a secondary part ( 112 ; 212 ; 312 ; 412 ) pointing in the direction of a direction of movement ( 180 ) forming the longitudinal extent of the machine ( 100 ; 200 ; 300 ; 400 ) are arranged movable against each other, wherein the primary part ( 101 ; 201 ; 301 ; 401 ) in the direction of movement ( 180 ) aligned rows of magnetically conductive, depending at least two magnetic poles ( 116 ; 216 ; 416 ) forming segments ( 102 ; 202 ; 302 ; 402 ), each of the rows of segments ( 102 ; 202 ; 302 ; 402 ) at least one can be acted upon by an electric current common coil ( 105 ; 205 ; 305 ; 405 ) for generating a magnetic field in the magnetic poles ( 116 ; 216 ; 416 ), the secondary part ( 112 ; 212 ; 312 ; 412 ) in the direction of movement ( 180 ) aligned rows finger-shaped, extending from a central area ( 108 ; 208 ; 308 ; 408 ) of the electric machine ( 100 ; 200 ; 300 ; 400 ) to a peripheral area ( 103 ; 303 ; 403 ) of the electric machine ( 100 ; 200 ; 300 ; 400 ) transverse to the direction of movement ( 180 ) extending, magnetically conductive core elements ( 113 ; 213 ; 313 ; 413 ), one from each of the rows of core elements ( 113 ; 213 ; 313 ; 413 ) together each have a core ( 115 ; 215 ; 315 ; 415 ) and all core elements ( 113 ; 213 ; 313 ; 413 ) one nucleus each ( 115 ; 215 ; 315 ; 415 ) in one plane perpendicular to the direction of movement ( 180 ), the rows of segments ( 102 ; 202 ; 302 ; 402 ) and core elements ( 113 ; 213 ; 313 ; 413 ) alternately in the circumferential direction of the machine ( 100 ; 200 ; 300 ; 400 ) and between each one air gap ( 114 ; 214 ; 414 ) are arranged, the magnetic poles ( 116 ; 216 ; 416 ) along the air gaps ( 114 ; 214 ; 414 ) and the core elements ( 113 ; 213 ; 313 ; 413 ) to each magnetic pole ( 116 ; 216 ; 416 ) at least one permanent magnet ( 117 ; 217 ; 317 ; 417 ) exhibit. Electric machine ( 100 ; 200 ; 300 ; 400 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the permanent magnets ( 117 ; 217 ; 317 ; 417 ) in or on the core elements ( 113 ; 213 ; 313 ; 413 ) are arranged such that each magnetic pole ( 116 ; 216 ; 416 ) at least one permanent magnet ( 117 ; 217 ; 317 ; 417 ) is arranged opposite one another. Electric machine ( 100 ; 200 ; 300 ; 400 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that for multi-phase feeding of the machine ( 100 ; 200 ; 300 ; 400 ) the at least one common coil ( 105 ; 205 ; 305 ; 405 ) one each of the rows of segments ( 102 ; 202 ; 302 ; 402 ) can be acted upon by a current which is opposite to a current with which the at least one common coil ( 105 ; 205 ; 305 ; 405 ) one in the circumferential direction of the machine ( 100 ; 200 ; 300 ; 400 ) adjacent to the rows of segments ( 102 ; 202 ; 302 ; 402 ) can be acted upon, is shifted by a predetermined phase angle, and that the associated rows of the segments ( 102 ; 202 ; 302 ; 402 ) by a phase angle corresponding part of a distance (τ _n ) in the rows of successive segments ( 102 ; 202 ; 302 ; 402 ) in the direction of movement ( 180 ) are offset from each other. Electric machine ( 100 ; 200 ; 250 ; 300 ; 400 ) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the segments ( 102 ; 202 ; 302 ; 402 ) with a first fastening means ( 104 ) are positively and / or positively and in particular magnetically insulated against each other and that the cores ( 115 ; 215 ; 315 ; 415 ) with a second fastening means ( 121 ; 221 ; 321 ; 421 ) are non-positively and / or positively connected and in particular magnetically isolated from each other. Electric machine ( 100 ; 300 ; 400 ) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second fastening means ( 121 ; 321 ; 421 ) each having a magnetically conductive portion ( 120 ; 320 ; 420 ) for the magnetically conductive connection of the core elements ( 113 ; 313 ; 413 ) one nucleus each ( 115 ; 315 ; 415 ) and a magnetic flux path ( 171 ) for one in at least one of the segments ( 102 ; 302 ; 402 ) generated magnetic flux via at least two of the magnetic poles ( 116 ; 416 ) of the at least one of the segments ( 102 ; 302 ; 402 ), over this adjacent core elements ( 113 ; 313 ; 413 ) and via the one magnetically conductive section ( 120 ; 320 ; 420 ) of the second fastening means ( 121 ; 321 ; 421 ) runs. Electric machine ( 200 ) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that magnetic flux paths for one in at least one of the segments ( 202 ) generated magnetic flux at least almost exclusively on the magnetic poles ( 216 ) of the at least one of the segments ( 202 ) and this neighboring core elements ( 213 ). Electric machine ( 100 ; 200 ; 300 ; 400 ) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first fastening means ( 104 ) in the peripheral area ( 103 ; 303 ; 403 ) the machine ( 100 ; 200 ; 300 ; 400 ) and that the second fastening means ( 121 ; 221 ; 321 ; 421 ) in the middle area ( 108 ; 208 ; 308 ; 408 ) the machine ( 100 ; 200 ; 300 ; 400 ) is arranged. Electric machine ( 100 ; 200 ; 300 ; 400 ) after one or more of the preceding ones Claims, characterized in that the segments ( 102 ; 202 ; 302 ; 402 ) of a core ( 115 ; 215 ; 315 ; 415 ) are arranged such that normal forces are compensated, wherein preferably two segments of the same phase in cross-sectional view of the core ( 115 ; 215 ; 315 ; 415 ) are arranged substantially opposite each other. Electric machine ( 100 ; 200 ; 300 ; 400 ) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the primary part ( 101 ; 201 ; 301 ; 401 ) is formed with cooling elements, wherein the cooling elements, in particular in intermediate spaces ( 129 ) in a series of segments ( 102 ; 202 ; 302 ; 402 ) of adjacent segments ( 102 ; 202 ; 302 ; 402 ) are arranged. Electric machine ( 100 ; 200 ; 300 ; 400 ) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that each segment ( 102 ; 202 ; 302 ; 402 ) at least two recesses ( 106 ; 107 ; 206 ; 207 ; 306 ; 307 ; 406 ; 407 ) for receiving the common coil ( 105 ; 205 ; 305 ; 405 ), wherein the at least two recesses ( 106 ; 107 ; 206 ; 207 ; 306 ; 307 ; 406 ; 407 ) are arranged substantially opposite each other. Electric machine ( 100 ; 200 ; 300 ; 400 ) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the recesses ( 106 ; 107 ; 206 ; 207 ; 306 ; 307 ; 406 ; 407 ) with respect to a middle and symmetry plane ( 111 ; 211 ) of the segments ( 102 ; 202 ; 302 ; 402 ) are arranged mirror-symmetrically. Electric machine ( 100 ; 200 ; 300 ; 400 ) according to claim 10, characterized in that a first recess ( 106 ; 107 ; 206 ; 306 ; 307 ; 406 ) to the peripheral area ( 103 ; 203 ; 303 ; 403 ) of the electric machine ( 100 ; 200 ; 300 ; 400 ) and / or that a second recess ( 106 ; 107 ; 207 ; 306 ; 307 ; 407 ) to the middle area ( 108 ; 208 ; 308 ; 408 ) of the electric machine ( 100 ; 200 ; 300 ; 400 ) is aligned. Electric machine ( 100 ; 200 ; 300 ; 400 ) According to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the permanent magnets ( 117 ; 217 ; 317 ; 417 ) are flat and on the core elements ( 113 ; 213 ; 313 ) are arranged, or that the permanent magnets ( 117 ; 217 ; 317 ; 417 ) in the core elements ( 113 ; 213 ; 313 ; 413 ) are arranged. Electric machine ( 100 ; 200 ; 300 ; 400 ) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that windings of a common coil ( 105 ; 205 ; 305 ; 405 ) substantially rectilinearly along the individual segments ( 102 ; 202 ; 302 ; 402 ) of a series of segments ( 102 ; 202 ; 302 ; 402 ), wherein the electric machine ( 100 ; 200 ; 300 ; 400 ) is preferably designed as a transverse flux machine.

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