DE102014208725A1 - Internal combustion engine with at least one cylinder head and method for producing a cylinder head of such an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder head (10) with at least two cylinders (1, 2, 3, 4) arranged in series along the longitudinal axis (10a) of the cylinder head (10), in which each cylinder (1, 2, 3 , 4) at least one inlet opening (1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b) for supplying charge air into a cylinder-associated combustion chamber via the intake system (8, 8a, 8b), wherein - to each inlet opening (1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b) carries an intake pipe (51, 52, 53, 54), and - the intake pipes (51, 52, 53, 54) of at least two cylinders (1, 2, 3 , 4) to form a collecting point (7a) and an intake manifold (8a, 8b) to a Gesamtansaugleitung (7) merge. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a cylinder head (10) of such an internal combustion engine. It should be provided an internal combustion engine of the type mentioned, which is optimized in terms of the intake system. This is achieved with an internal combustion engine, which is characterized in that - the contiguous intake system (8, 8a, 8b) of at least one pair of cylinders comprising two cylinders (1, 2, 3, 4) is designed in such a way that the intake systems of the two Cylinders (1, 2, 3, 4) are formed symmetrically, at least in the region of at least one cylinder-associated suction line (51, 52, 53, 54) with respect to a median plane (9) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (10a) of the cylinder head (10a). 10) and divides the two cylinders (1, 2, 3, 4) along the longitudinal axis (10a) of the cylinder head (10) connecting virtual path.

Description

• – zu jeder Einlassöffnung eine Ansaugleitung führt, und
• – die Ansaugleitungen von mindestens zwei Zylindern unter Ausbildung einer Sammelstelle und eines Einlasskrümmers zu einer Gesamtansaugleitung zusammenführen.

The invention relates to an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder head with at least two cylinders arranged in series along the longitudinal axis of the cylinder head, in which each cylinder has at least one inlet opening for supplying charge air into a cylinder-associated combustion chamber via the intake system

• - leads to each inlet opening a suction line, and
• - Combine the intake of at least two cylinders to form a collection point and an intake manifold to a Gesamtansaugleitung.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a cylinder head of such an internal combustion engine.

An internal combustion engine of the above type is used for example as a drive for a motor vehicle. In the context of the present invention, the term internal combustion engine includes diesel engines, gasoline engines, but also hybrid internal combustion engines, d. H. Internal combustion engines, which are operated by a hybrid combustion process, as well as internal combustion engines, which have an electric motor which can be electrically connected to the internal combustion engine, which receives power from the internal combustion engine or additionally delivers power.

Internal combustion engines have a cylinder block and at least one cylinder head, which are connected to form the at least two cylinders or combustion chambers. In order to control the charge cycle, an internal combustion engine requires control devices - usually in the form of globe valves - and actuators to operate these controls. The required for the movement of the valves valve actuating mechanism including the valves themselves is referred to as a valve train. Often, the cylinder head serves to accommodate the valve train.

As part of the change of charge, the exhaust of the combustion gases via the outlet openings of the cylinder and the filling of the combustion chambers of the cylinder, d. H. suction of the charge air via the inlet openings. If the internal combustion engine is equipped with exhaust gas recirculation, the charge air can also contain exhaust gas in addition to the fresh air sucked in from the environment. If the fuel is not injected directly into the cylinders but, for example, introduced into the intake system upstream of the cylinders, not only the charge air but also the fuel is supplied to the cylinders via inlet openings.

It is the task of the valve drive to open and close the inlet and outlet openings in good time, with the aim of rapidly releasing as large flow cross sections as possible in order to keep the throttling losses in the inflowing and outflowing gas flows low, and to ensure the best possible filling of the combustion chamber Fresh mixture or an effective, d. H. To ensure complete removal of the exhaust gases.

The intake ducts that lead to the inlet openings are at least partially integrated in the cylinder head according to the prior art and are usually brought together to form at least one so-called intake manifold; often to a single overall suction line.

To the intake system of an internal combustion engine different requirements are made. Thus, inter alia, an arrangement and design of the intake lines is sought, which leads to the lowest possible pressure loss in the sucked charge air to ensure good filling of the cylinder.

The geometry of a suction line also has an influence on the charge movement in the combustion chamber of a cylinder and thus on the mixture formation, especially in direct-injection internal combustion engines. Often, therefore, the suction lines are formed with a view to generating a so-called tumble or swirling flow to accelerate and assist mixture formation, a tumble being an air vortex about an imaginary axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the crankshaft and a swirl Air vortex is called, whose axis is parallel to the piston or cylinder axis.

During the charge cycle, the pressure varies along the flow path in the intake system. Such local pressure fluctuations propagate in gaseous media as waves. In order to make these dynamic wave processes usable for the optimization of the charge exchange, the intake system can be designed in such a way that towards the end of the intake stroke arrives at the inlet openings an overpressure wave, which leads to a compression and thus to a certain reloading effect. Targeting are also in length variable suction lines.

In the intake system or the Gesamtansaugleitung can open a variety of additional lines, such as the bypass line of a charge air cooler, the bypass line of a compressor or the return line of an external exhaust gas recirculation.

The exhaust gas recirculation, ie the recirculation of combustion gases from the Abgasabführsystem in the intake system, is a concept for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions, with the exhaust gas recirculation rate can be significantly reduced with increasing exhaust gas recirculation rate. In this case, the exhaust gas recirculation rate x _{AGR is} determined to be x _AGR = m _AGR / (m _AGR + m _{fresh air} ), where m _{AGR denotes} the mass of recirculated exhaust gas and m _{fresh air is} the supplied, optionally through a compressor and compressed fresh air. Exhaust gas recirculation is also suitable for reducing emissions of unburned hydrocarbons in the partial load range. In order to achieve a significant reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions, high exhaust gas recirculation rates may be required, which may be on the order of x _AGR ≈ 60% to 70%.

The intake system should also take into account the problem that, as part of a charge air cooling previously liquids in the charge air, especially water, can condense out, when the taut temperature of a component of the gaseous charge air flow is exceeded. The precipitated condensate must be removed in any way from the intake system, optionally in the cylinders of the internal combustion engine.

If a compressor of an exhaust gas turbocharger is provided in order to charge the internal combustion engine in the intake system or in the total intake line, this compressor should be as close as possible to the inlet, d. H. be arranged at the inlet openings of the cylinder, to ensure in this way a rapid response of the compressor during load changes. The volume of the line system between the inlet openings of the cylinder and the compressor should be as small as possible for this purpose.

In addition, internal combustion engines can be equipped with a heating device which is arranged in the intake system and serves to heat the charge air. The heating of the charge air can serve different purposes, for example the shortening of the warm-up phase after a cold start. In addition, such a heating element can be switched on during the regeneration of a particulate filter, as well as when the engine torque and the engine speed fall below a predetermined minimum value.

It should also be considered that a rapid heating of the internal combustion engine by means of preheated charge air leads to a faster, in the present case indirect heating of the engine oil. The concomitant decrease in viscosity causes a reduction in friction or friction, especially in the oil-supplied bearings; an effect that has an advantageous effect on the fuel consumption and thus on the carbon dioxide emission of the internal combustion engine.

The conventional intake systems known from the prior art still have considerable potential for improvement with regard to the numerous requirements set out above.

In view of the foregoing, it is an object of the present invention to provide an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1 which is optimized with respect to the intake system.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a cylinder head of such an internal combustion engine.

• – zu jeder Einlassöffnung eine Ansaugleitung führt, und
• – die Ansaugleitungen von mindestens zwei Zylindern unter Ausbildung einer Sammelstelle und eines Einlasskrümmers zu einer Gesamtansaugleitung zusammenführen,

und die dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass

• – das zusammenhängende Ansaugsystem mindestens eines Zylinderpaares umfassend zwei Zylinder in der Art ausgebildet ist, dass die Ansaugsysteme der zwei Zylinder zumindest im Bereich der mindestens einen zylinderzugehörigen Ansaugleitung symmetrisch ausgebildet sind und zwar bezüglich einer Mittelebene, die senkrecht auf der Längsachse des Zylinderkopfes steht und eine die zwei Zylinder entlang der Längsachse des Zylinderkopfes verbindende virtuelle Wegstrecke teilt.

The first sub-task is solved by an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder head with at least two along the longitudinal axis of the cylinder head arranged in series cylinders, wherein each cylinder has at least one inlet opening for supplying charge air into a cylinder-associated combustion chamber via intake system, wherein

• - leads to each inlet opening a suction line, and
• - merge the suction lines of at least two cylinders to form a collection point and an intake manifold to form a total intake line,

and which is characterized in that

• - The contiguous intake system of at least one pair of cylinders comprising two cylinders is formed in such a way that the intake of the two cylinders are symmetrical at least in the region of at least one cylinder-related intake and with respect to a central plane which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder head and a shares two cylinder along the longitudinal axis of the cylinder head connecting virtual route.

The intake system of a cylinder head according to the invention is formed symmetrically at least in parts. In this case, the intake systems of at least two cylinders are formed symmetrically with respect to a reference plane and that at least in the region of their intake lines, which is why the two cylinders also form a pair of cylinders in accordance with the invention, ie represent. As a reference plane for the mirror image of the two cylinder-related intake systems, a virtual plane is used, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder head and one of the two cylinders of the pair along the longitudinal axis divides the cylinder head connecting route. The reference plane is always centered between the two cylinders and is therefore also referred to as the center plane in the context of the present invention.

Compared to a conventional intake system, in which the cylinder-related intake system with all cylinders simulated according to the number of cylinders, d. H. As often as desired without any modification is multiplied, the procedure according to the invention in the formation of the intake system, namely the partially symmetrical design, can lead to a reduction of the volume and to a reduction of the heat-transferring surface of the intake system in the region of the intake manifold.

A smaller volume of the intake system according to the invention or of the intake manifold leads to a compact intake system and thus to a compact internal combustion engine and optionally permits integration of the at least one intake manifold into the cylinder head. In any case, the smaller volume simplifies or enables the greatest possible integration of the intake system into the cylinder head. In addition, there are advantages in the use of an exhaust turbocharger, since a close arranged on the inlet openings of the cylinder compressor due to the small volume of the downstream intake system ensures good or improved response of the internal combustion engine.

A reduction of the heat-transmitting surface leads to a reduced heat transfer between the charge air in the intake system and the material which forms the intake system or the intake manifold and at least comprises parts of the cylinder head. The reduced surface supports the heating of the internal combustion engine after a cold start and counteracts cooling of heated by means of heating charge air. On the other hand, an unwanted heating of cooled in the intercooler charge air is inhibited. The latter is advantageous when the internal combustion engine is heated to operating temperature, in particular if charging or exhaust gas recirculation is used, in which charge air cooling is preferably used.

The invention according to the invention at least partially symmetrical intake system also has further advantages, since a mirror image design of the two cylinder-related intake systems of a pair of cylinders to physically, in particular fluidically same, but at least very similar boundary conditions at the cylinder inlet leads. In particular, equal pressures or pressure ratios can be generated at the cylinder inlet. So arrive at the charge exchange of the same size charge air quantities in the cylinder and a possibly generated when flowing into the cylinder charge movement is uniform at the two cylinders of the respective cylinder pair. In this context, it must be taken into account that any deviation or variance occurring from cylinder to cylinder is to be regarded as disadvantageous both thermodynamically and mechanically.

The equipment of the internal combustion engine according to the invention with an at least partially symmetrical intake system solves the first object underlying the invention, namely to provide an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1, which is optimized with respect to the intake system.

According to the invention, the intake systems of the two cylinders of a pair of cylinders are formed symmetrically at least in the region of the cylinder-associated suction lines, that is to say in the case of the cylinders. H. the intake systems can also be formed symmetrically beyond this region of the cylinder-associated intake lines, for example completely, in particular if they are external cylinders. The entire intake system associated with a cylinder is limited by planes that are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder head and delimit the cylinder to the adjacent two cylinders or delimits an adjacent cylinder to the one adjacent cylinder.

An internal combustion engine according to the invention may also have two cylinder heads, for example, when a plurality of cylinders are arranged distributed on two cylinder banks. Then, each cylinder head has at least two cylinders arranged in series along its longitudinal axis. According to the invention, the suction lines of all the cylinders of a cylinder head need not merge to form a total intake line, but only the intake lines of at least two cylinders. In particular, this also allows for embodiments in which a cylinder head has, for example, six cylinders arranged in series along its longitudinal axis and the cylinders form two groups each having three cylinders, wherein the intake lines of each cylinder group merge to form a total intake manifold, forming a group-associated intake manifold. Ie. the suction lines can also merge into two total suction lines.

However, embodiments in which the intake lines of all the cylinders of the at least one cylinder head merge to form a total intake line are also advantageous.

Further advantageous embodiments of the internal combustion engine are discussed in connection with the subclaims.

In internal combustion engines having at least one cylinder head with at least three cylinders arranged in series along the longitudinal axis of the cylinder head, embodiments are advantageous, which are characterized in that the intake systems of the two outer cylinders are symmetrical. At least the outer cylinder, such as a three-cylinder in-line engine or a five-cylinder in-line engine to form symmetrical is particularly advantageous because the inlet openings of these cylinders are furthest away and equidistant from a common centrally located Gesamtansaugleitung and effects how pressure changes in the intake system are most noticeable in these cylinders, d. H. come to light.

In internal combustion engines having at least one cylinder head with three cylinders arranged in series along the longitudinal axis of the cylinder head, embodiments are therefore also advantageous, which are characterized in that the intake systems of the two outer cylinders are symmetrical with respect to a median plane which divides the inner cylinder.

In internal combustion engines having at least one cylinder head with at least four cylinders arranged in series along the longitudinal axis of the cylinder head, embodiments are advantageous in which both the intake systems of the two outer cylinders and the intake systems of the two cylinders arranged adjacent to the outer cylinders are symmetrical are formed to each other. Four or more cylinders open up the possibility of forming at least two cylinder pairs with two cylinders and symmetrically forming the intake systems of the two cylinders of each cylinder group, at least in the area of the cylinder-associated intake lines.

In internal combustion engines having at least one cylinder head with four cylinders arranged in series along the longitudinal axis of the cylinder head, embodiments are advantageous, which are characterized in that both the intake systems of the two outer cylinders and the intake systems of the two inner cylinders are symmetrical to one another. Then the middle plane runs between the two inner cylinders.

Embodiments of the internal combustion engine in which the intake lines of at least two cylinders merge within the cylinder head to form a total intake line are advantageous. The intake lines of the cylinders then lead together to form a Gesamtansaugleitung to form a built-in cylinder head intake manifold. This measure leads to a small volume and a small surface of the intake system in the region of the intake manifold with the advantages already mentioned. In addition, the assembly is simplified and there are cost advantages.

A compressor of an exhaust gas turbocharger can be placed close to the inlet openings of the cylinders, so that a good response of the internal combustion engine is ensured. The volume of the piping between the inlet ports of the cylinders and the compressor is further reduced.

Embodiments of the internal combustion engine in which each cylinder has at least two inlet openings are advantageous, with an intake line leading to each inlet opening.

As already mentioned, as part of the charge cycle, the aim is to rapidly release the largest possible flow cross sections in order to keep the throttle losses in the inflowing charge air low and to ensure the best possible filling of the combustion chamber. Therefore, it is advantageous to have more than one inlet opening, i. H. provide at least two inlet openings.

In this connection, embodiments of the internal combustion engine in which the intake lines of at least two cylinders within the cylinder head merge in each case into a cylinder-associated partial intake line are advantageous. Otherwise, the number of emerging from the cylinder head suction increases significantly, which is associated with disadvantages in terms of installation and tightness of the intake system.

In this context, embodiments of the internal combustion engine may nevertheless be advantageous, in which the intake lines of at least two cylinders outside the cylinder head merge in each case into a cylinder-associated partial intake line.

Embodiments of the internal combustion engine in which the two cylinders of the at least one pair of cylinders whose intake systems are symmetrical to one another are also designed symmetrically relative to one another with respect to a combustion system comprising a combustion chamber, a glow device, an ignition device and / or an injection device with respect to the corresponding center plane.

The mirror-image design of the intake systems of the two cylinders of a cylinder pair leads to physically identical or similar conditions at the cylinder inlet of the two cylinders. The charge air quantities introduced during the charge exchange are at least comparably large or the same size and a charge movement generated in the cylinder is uniform or similar. In this respect, it is particularly advantageous to supplement the geometrical similarity in that the two cylinders of a pair of cylinders are also formed symmetrically with respect to their combustion systems to generate similar combustion processes, combustion processes and gas forces in the cylinder and to create a cross-cylinder uniformity.

In this context, embodiments of the internal combustion engine in which the two cylinders of the at least one pair of cylinders are formed symmetrically with respect to the combustion chamber, at least in parts, but preferably completely, are advantageous.

In this case, the combustion chamber comprises all walls, which also determine the geometry of the combustion chamber, d. H. the piston, in particular the piston head and an optionally provided piston recess, the cylinder tube and the combustion chamber roof.

In internal combustion engines, in which each cylinder is equipped with a glow device, embodiments are advantageous, which are characterized in that the two cylinders of the at least one pair of cylinders are formed with respect to the annealing symmetrical to each other.

In internal combustion engines, in which each cylinder is equipped with an ignition device, embodiments are advantageous, which are characterized in that the two cylinders of the at least one pair of cylinders are formed symmetrically to each other with respect to the ignition device.

In internal combustion engines, in which each cylinder is equipped with an injection device, embodiments are advantageous, which are characterized in that the two cylinders of the at least one pair of cylinders are formed symmetrically to each other with respect to the injection device.

In a direct injection, the transport and distribution of the fuel in the combustion chamber are also effected by the pulse of the injection jet, so that the arrangement of the injection device in the combustion chamber substantially influences the mixture formation and thus the combustion.

Embodiments of the internal combustion engine in which at least one intake line of each cylinder of the at least one pair of cylinders is designed with regard to the generation of a charge movement in the combustion chamber of the cylinder are advantageous.

The geometry of an intake line has an influence on the charge movement in the combustion chamber of the cylinder and thus on the mixture formation, in particular in direct-injection internal combustion engines. Advantageously, the suction lines are formed with respect to the generation of a tumble or a twist.

The second sub-task on which the invention is based, namely to disclose a method for producing a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine of the type described above, is achieved by a method which is characterized in that the cylinder head is cast for the intake system using a casting core which is symmetrical at least in some areas ,

What has already been said for the internal combustion engine according to the invention also applies to the method according to the invention, for which reason reference is made to the corresponding explanations.

In the following the invention is based on three embodiments according to the 1a . 1b and 1c described in more detail. Hereby shows:

1a schematically and partially cut the cylinder head including intake manifold of a first embodiment of the internal combustion engine,

1b schematically and partially cut the cylinder head including intake manifold of a second embodiment of the internal combustion engine, and

1c schematically and partially cut the cylinder head including intake manifold of a third embodiment of the internal combustion engine.

1a shows schematically and partially cut the cylinder head 10 including intake manifold 8a . 8b a first embodiment of the internal combustion engine.

The cylinder head 10 has four cylinders 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 along the longitudinal axis 10a of the cylinder head 10 arranged in series. The cylinders 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 be via intake system 8th supplied with charge air.

Every cylinder 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 has two inlet openings 1a . 1b . 2a . 2 B . 3a . 3b . 4a . 4b to the Feeding the charge air on, with each inlet opening 1a . 1b . 2a . 2 B . 3a . 3b . 4a . 4b a suction line 5 ₁ , 5 ₂ , 5 ₃ , 5 ₄ leads. The suction lines 5 ₁ , 5 ₂ , 5 ₃ , 5 _{4 of} the cylinders 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 lead under formation of a collection point 7a and forming an intake manifold 8a . 8b to a total intake pipe 7 together, with the suction lines 5 ₁ , 5 ₂ , 5 ₃ , 5 _{4 of} the cylinders 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 outside the cylinder head 10 each to a cylinder-associated Teilansaugleitung 6 ₁ , 6 ₂ , 6 ₃ , 6 ₄ merge before these Teilansaugleitungen 6 ₁ , 6 ₂ , 6 ₃ , 6 ₄ to the total intake pipe 7 to merge. Consequently, the in 1a illustrated intake manifold 8a . 8b from an external intake manifold 8a and an internal intake manifold 8b together. Present lead a suction line 5 _{2 of} the second cylinder 2 and a suction line 5 _{3 of} the third cylinder 3 already in the cylinder head 10 together.

The two outer cylinders 1 . 4 and the two inner cylinders 2 . 3 each form a pair of cylinders comprising two cylinders 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 in the way that the intake systems of the two cylinders 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 a pair are formed symmetrically with respect to a median plane 9 that are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 10a of the cylinder head 10 stands and one the two cylinders 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 along the longitudinal axis 10a of the cylinder head 10 Sharing connecting virtual route.

Ie. both the intake systems of the two outer cylinders 1 . 4 as well as the intake systems of the two inner cylinders 2 . 3 are each formed symmetrically to each other and this with respect to the same center plane 9 , which in this case also the Gesamtansaugleitung 7 Splits.

In addition, the two cylinders 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 each pair also formed with respect to the combustion system symmetrical to each other and in this case with respect to the ignition device 1d . 2d . 3d . 4d and the injector 1c . 2c . 3c . 4c , Every cylinder 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 is with a centrally located injector 1c . 2c . 3c . 4c as injector 1c . 2c . 3c . 4c and one as an ignition device 1d . 2d . 3d . 4d serving spark plug 1d . 2d . 3d . 4d equipped for each cylinder pair with respect to the median plane 9 are each arranged in mirror image to each other.

1b shows schematically and partially cut the cylinder head 10 including intake manifold 8a . 8b a second embodiment of the internal combustion engine. It should only the differences to the in 1a Otherwise, reference will be made to FIG 1a , The same reference numerals have been used for the same components.

Unlike the in 1a illustrated embodiment, the suction lines 5 ₁ , 5 ₂ , 5 ₃ , 5 _{4 of} the cylinders 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 inside the cylinder head 10 each to a cylinder-associated Teilansaugleitung 6 ₁ , 6 ₂ , 6 ₃ , 6 ₄ together before these partial suction lines 6 ₁ , 6 ₂ , 6 ₃ , 6 ₄ then outside the cylinder head 10 to the total intake pipe 7 to merge. The in 1b illustrated intake manifold 8a . 8b also consists of an external intake manifold 8a and an internal intake manifold 8b together.

1c shows schematically and partially cut the cylinder head 10 including intake manifold 8b a third embodiment of the internal combustion engine. It should only the differences to the in 1a Otherwise, reference will be made to FIG 1a , The same reference numerals have been used for the same components.

Unlike the in 1a illustrated embodiment, the suction lines 5 ₁ , 5 ₂ , 5 ₃ , 5 _{4 of} the cylinders 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 inside the cylinder head 10 to the total intake pipe 7 together. The in 1c illustrated intake manifold 8b is therefore an internal intake manifold 8b ,

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

 first cylinder, outboard cylinder

1a

 Inlet opening of the first cylinder

1b

 Inlet opening of the first cylinder

1c

 Injector of the first cylinder, injector

1d

 Spark plug of the first cylinder, ignition device

2

 second cylinder, internal cylinder

2a

 Inlet opening of the second cylinder

2 B

 Inlet opening of the second cylinder

2c

 Injector of the second cylinder, injector

2d

 Spark plug of the second cylinder, ignition device

3

 third cylinder, internal cylinder

3a

 Inlet opening of the third cylinder

3b

 Inlet opening of the third cylinder

3c

 Injector of the third cylinder, injector

3d

 Spark plug of the third cylinder, ignition device

4

 fourth cylinder, outboard cylinder

4a

 Inlet opening of the fourth cylinder

4b

 Inlet opening of the fourth cylinder

4c

 Injector of the fourth cylinder, injector

4d

 Spark plug of the fourth cylinder, ignition device

5 ₁

 Suction line of the first cylinder

5 ₂

 Suction line of the second cylinder

5 ₃

 Suction line of the third cylinder

5 ₄

 Suction line of the fourth cylinder

6 ₁

 Partial suction line of the first cylinder

6 ₂

 Part intake line of the second cylinder

6 ₃

 Partial suction line of the third cylinder

6 ₄

 Part intake line of the fourth cylinder

7

 Gesamtansaugleitung

7a

 collection

8th

 intake system

8a

 external intake system, external intake manifold

8b

 Internal intake system, internal intake manifold

9

 midplane

10

 cylinder head

10a

 Longitudinal axis of the cylinder head

m _AGR

 Mass of recirculated exhaust gas

_{Fresh air}

 Fresh air mass

x _AGR

 Exhaust gas recirculation rate

Claims (16)

Internal combustion engine with at least one cylinder head ( 10 ) with at least two along the longitudinal axis ( 10a ) of the cylinder head ( 10 ) arranged in series cylinders ( 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 ), where each cylinder ( 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 ) at least one inlet opening ( 1a . 1b . 2a . 2 B . 3a . 3b . 4a . 4b ) for supplying charge air into a cylinder-associated combustion chamber via intake system ( 8th . 8a . 8b ), wherein - to each inlet opening ( 1a . 1b . 2a . 2 B . 3a . 3b . 4a . 4b ) a suction line ( 5 ₁ , 5 ₂ , 5 ₃ , 5 ₄ ), and - the suction lines ( 5 ₁ , 5 ₂ , 5 ₃ , 5 ₄ ) of at least two cylinders ( 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 ) forming a collection point ( 7a ) and an intake manifold ( 8a . 8b ) to a total intake line ( 7 ), characterized in that - the cohesive intake system ( 8th . 8a . 8b ) at least one pair of cylinders comprising two cylinders ( 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 ) is formed in such a way that the intake systems of the two cylinders ( 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 ) at least in the region of the at least one cylinder-associated intake line ( 5 ₁ , 5 ₂ , 5 ₃ , 5 ₄ ) are formed symmetrically with respect to a median plane ( 9 ) perpendicular to the longitudinal axis ( 10a ) of the cylinder head ( 10 ) and one of the two cylinders ( 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 ) along the longitudinal axis ( 10a ) of the cylinder head ( 10 ) connecting virtual route shares. Internal combustion engine according to claim 1 with at least one cylinder head ( 10 ) with at least three along the longitudinal axis ( 10a ) of the cylinder head ( 10 ) arranged in series cylinders ( 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 ), characterized in that the intake systems of the two outer cylinders ( 1 . 4 ) are formed symmetrically. Internal combustion engine according to claim 2 with at least one cylinder head ( 10 ) with three along the longitudinal axis ( 10a ) of the cylinder head ( 10 ) arranged in series cylinders ( 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 ), characterized in that the intake systems of the two outer cylinders ( 1 . 4 ) are symmetrical with respect to a median plane ( 9 ), which the inner cylinder ( 2 . 3 ) Splits. Internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or 2 with at least one cylinder head ( 10 ) with at least four along the longitudinal axis ( 10a ) of the cylinder head ( 10 ) arranged in series cylinders ( 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 ), characterized in that both the intake systems of the two outer cylinders ( 1 . 4 ) as well as the intake systems of the two to the outer cylinders ( 1 . 4 ) adjacent cylinders ( 2 . 3 ) are each formed symmetrically to each other. Internal combustion engine according to claim 4 with at least one cylinder head ( 10 ) with four along the longitudinal axis ( 10a ) of the cylinder head ( 10 ) arranged in series cylinders ( 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 ), characterized in that both the intake systems of the two outer cylinders ( 1 . 4 ) as well as the intake systems of the two inner cylinders ( 2 . 3 ) are each formed symmetrically to each other. Internal combustion engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intake lines ( 5 ₁ , 5 ₂ , 5 ₃ , 5 ₄ ) of at least two cylinders ( 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 ) within the cylinder head ( 10 ) to a total intake line ( 7 ) merge. Internal combustion engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each cylinder ( 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 ) at least two inlet openings ( 1a . 1b . 2a . 2 B . 3a . 3b . 4a . 4b ) having, with each inlet opening ( 1a . 1b . 2a . 2 B . 3a . 3b . 4a . 4b ) a suction line ( 5 ₁ , 5 ₂ , 5 ₃ , 5 ₄ ) leads. Internal combustion engine according to claim 7, characterized in that the intake pipes ( 5 ₁ , 5 ₂ , 5 ₃ , 5 ₄ ) of at least two cylinders ( 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 ) within the cylinder head ( 10 ) each to a cylinder-associated Teilansaugleitung ( 6 ₁ , 6 ₂ , 6 ₃ , 6 ₄ ) merge. Internal combustion engine according to claim 7, characterized in that the intake pipes ( 5 ₁ , 5 ₂ , 5 ₃ , 5 ₄ ) of at least two cylinders ( 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 ) outside of the cylinder head ( 10 ) each to a cylinder-associated Teilansaugleitung ( 6 ₁ , 6 ₂ , 6 ₃ , 6 ₄ ) merge. Internal combustion engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two cylinders ( 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 ) of the at least one pair of cylinders, the intake systems are formed symmetrically to each other, also with regard to a combustion system comprising a combustion chamber, a glowing device, an ignition device ( 1d . 2d . 3d . 4d ) and / or an injection device ( 1c . 2c . 3c . 4c ) with respect to the corresponding median plane ( 9 ) are formed symmetrically to each other. Internal combustion engine according to claim 10, characterized in that the two cylinders ( 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 ) of the at least one pair of cylinders with respect to the combustion chamber are formed symmetrically to each other. Internal combustion engine ( 1 ) according to claim 10 or 11, wherein each cylinder ( 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 ) is provided with a glow device, characterized in that the two cylinders ( 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 ) of the at least one pair of cylinders with respect to the annealing device are symmetrical to each other. Internal combustion engine ( 1 ) according to claim 10 or 11, wherein each cylinder ( 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 ) with an ignition device ( 1d . 2d . 3d . 4d ), characterized in that the two cylinders ( 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 ) of the at least one pair of cylinders with respect to the ignition device ( 1d . 2d . 3d . 4d ) are formed symmetrically to each other. Internal combustion engine ( 1 ) according to one of claims 10 to 13, in which each cylinder ( 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 ) with an injection device ( 1c . 2c . 3c . 4c ), characterized in that the two cylinders ( 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 ) of the at least one pair of cylinders with regard to the injection device ( 1c . 2c . 3c . 4c ) are formed symmetrically to each other. Internal combustion engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one intake pipe ( 5 ₁ , 5 ₂ , 5 ₃ , 5 ₄ ) each cylinder ( 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 ) of the at least one pair of cylinders with regard to the generation of a charge movement in the combustion chamber of the cylinder ( 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 ) is trained. Method for producing a cylinder head ( 10 ) of an internal combustion engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cylinder head ( 10 ) using an at least partially symmetrically formed casting core for the intake system ( 8th . 8a . 8b ) is poured.

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