DE102014206040A1 - An electrochemical cell comprising an organic-inorganic hybrid material and uses of an inorganic-organic hybrid material - Google Patents

Abstract

According to the invention, an electrochemical cell with two electrodes and an electrolyte is provided, wherein at least one of the components of the electrochemical cell comprises an inorganic-organic hybrid material. Moreover, it is proposed to use an inorganic-organic hybrid material as a component in electrochemical cells and as a coating material for components in electrochemical cells. In particular, electrolyte, electrode material and separators can be equipped or coated with the inorganic-organic hybrid material. The inorganic-organic hybrid material can also be used as a binder in electrochemical cells. For certain applications, the inorganic-organic hybrid material may be combined with a conducting salt, in particular a lithium conducting salt. The hybrid material is characterized by the fact that it can be chemically covalently crosslinked.

Description

According to the invention, an electrochemical cell with two electrodes and an electrolyte is provided, wherein at least one of the components of the electrochemical cell comprises an inorganic-organic hybrid material. Moreover, it is proposed to use an inorganic-organic hybrid material as a component in electrochemical cells and as a coating material for components in electrochemical cells. In particular, electrolyte, electrode material and separators can be equipped or coated with the inorganic-organic hybrid material. The inorganic-organic hybrid material can also be used as a binder in electrochemical cells. For certain applications, the inorganic-organic hybrid material may be combined with a conducting salt, in particular a lithium conducting salt. The hybrid material is characterized by the fact that it can be chemically covalently crosslinked.

For the further development of secondary energy storage devices, which have both a higher energy density and a high level of safety, a crucial component is the electrolyte. Of particular interest are solid state polymer electrolytes (Solid Polymer Electrolytes = SPEs). These are thermally more stable than the standard liquid electrolytes and offer additional protection against dendritic formation. This opens up opportunities for the use of lithium-metal anodes and high-energy systems such as lithium-air and lithium-sulfur batteries. Another advantage of SPEs compared to liquid electrolytes is that the electrolyte can not leak out of the battery and thus is intrinsically safer. In addition, the design of the battery is much more flexible.

The first and most researched polymer electrolyte was published by Wright and Armand in the 1970's and consists of complexes between polyethylene oxide (PEO) with various lithium salts. Because of the low price and non-toxicity, these materials are of great interest, however, the room temperature conductivity is limited to 10 ^-6 to 10 ^-5 S / cm, which is too low for practical applications. One reason for the low conductivity is the semi-crystalline morphology of the polymer: ionic conduction occurs predominantly in the amorphous regions, while the crystalline regions reduce conductivity by reducing the size of the ion channels.

Other challenges that must be solved to realize a polymer electrolyte battery include wetting and infiltration of the electrolyte into the porous electrode material. This is necessary to achieve a large and stable interface between the electrolyte and electrodes and thus to obtain a good cell performance. Further difficulties with both standard and polymer electrolytes are low lithium transfer rates as well as decreased mechanical and electrochemical performance at elevated temperature. The latter properties prevent the use of high-voltage materials and therefore represent a particular difficulty in the development of high-energy battery cells.

Among the various strategies for solving the problems addressed, the simplest and most widely followed route is the production of composite electrolytes in which inorganic particles are incorporated into the organic PEO matrix. The result is generally an improvement in mechanical properties, coupled in part with an improvement in ionic conductivity.

Another strategy is based on the use of hybrid polymers, the organically modified ceramics (ORMOCER ^® s), as polymer electrolytes. These ion-conducting materials consist of inorganic and organic nanodomains, which are synthesized via a sol-gel reaction from organometallic silane precursors and organic components. This method provides an extremely homogeneous dispersion and maximizes interactions between organic and inorganic domains. This results in a material with low crystallinity, good thermomechanical stability and improved ionic conductivity compared to standard PEO-LiX complexes. Another advantage of these materials is the possibility of liquid processing, since the solid electrolyte is produced only after application to the electrode material via an in-situ curing.

A similar approach was used to publish a gel electrolyte in which the hybrid polyethersiloxane component served as a crosslinker in a system with low molecular weight ethylene oxide and an organic, polar solvent as a plasticizer ( US 2003/0134968 A1 ). However, this gel electrolyte includes a liquid plasticizer that is not incorporated into the polymer network. Consequently, this gel electrolyte is disadvantageous in terms of mechanical properties and the safety offered because there is a risk of leakage of the plasticizer.

In a second case, a PEO-functionalized silane was used as a key component of an electrolyte formulation ( WO 2013/110985 A1 ). However, these materials are not polysiloxane compounds and have not been tested in battery cells. In fact, the thermal and mechanical properties of these materials militate against use in electrochemical cells. A polysiloxane-based material for use as a binder in lithium-ion battery cells is disclosed in U.S. Pat US 2012/0153219 A1 described and the US Pat. No. 6,887,619 B2 describes the construction of an organic polysiloxane-based network via a thermally initiated platinum-catalyzed hydrosilylation.

The polysiloxane-based materials known in the art do not have flexible building blocks and therefore can not generate electrolytes specialized in particular applications. In addition, here the catalyst remains in the material after the polymer has been formed. Such impurities have a major impact on the life and performance of an electrochemical cell.

Based on this, it was the object of the present invention to provide an electrochemical cell which has a comparison with the prior art increased performance and life. In addition, new uses for inorganic-organic hybrid materials should be found.

The object is achieved by the electrochemical cell according to claim 1 and the uses of an inorganic-organic hybrid material according to claim 16. The dependent claims show advantageous developments.

wobei
P eine polymerisierbare Gruppe ist,
a = 2 oder 3,
b = 1 bis 20,
n = 1 bis 30,
m = 1 bis 30,
x = 1 bis 30,
R¹, R² und R³ ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe bestehend aus H, Alkyl, -O-Alkyl und -O-Si, und R⁴ ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus H, Alkyl und Si, und
Y ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus -Z, -Alkyl-Z, -Aryl-Z, und -(CH₂)_c-O-(CH₂CH₂O)_d-O-Z, wobei c = 2 oder 3, d = 1 bis 20, und
Z ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus ungeladener Gruppe und anionischer Gruppe,
enthält oder aus diesem im Wesentlichen besteht.According to the invention, an electrochemical cell having a first and a second electrode, an electrolyte and optionally a separator is provided, wherein at least one of the components from the group electrodes, electrolyte and separator an inorganic-organic hybrid material of the general formula I.

in which
P is a polymerizable group,
a = 2 or 3,
b = 1 to 20,
n = 1 to 30,
m = 1 to 30,
x = 1 to 30,
R ¹ , R ² and R ^{3 are} selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, -O-alkyl and -O-Si, and R ^{4 is} selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl and Si, and
Y is selected from the group consisting of -Z, -alkyl-Z, -aryl-Z, and - (CH ₂ ) _c -O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _d -OZ, where c = 2 or 3, d = 1 to 20, and
Z is selected from the group consisting of uncharged group and anionic group,
contains or consists essentially of this.

Due to the inorganic part of the network, the hybrid material exhibits high mechanical and thermal stability and also has a flame retardant effect. In addition, the inorganic regions in the hybrid material prevent crystallization of the organic ethylene glycol chains, thereby improving ionic conductivity as compared to standard PEO-based electrolytes. The organic part in turn ensures high flexibility and high conductivity of the hybrid material. By the Possibility of chemically covalent crosslinking of the hybrid material, it can take the state of aggregation of a gel or solid. If the hybrid material used in this form as an electrolyte, this is safer than liquid and simple PEO electrolytes.

The hybrid material can be obtained by polymerization of precursors available in a high purity grade. This results in a high purity of the hybrid material and ensures a long service life and makes an application for high-voltage materials accessible. The hybrid material can also be easily incorporated into existing production processes and coating processes, allowing existing machinery and automation to be used. Another advantage of the hybrid material is that a plasticizer can be covalently bound to the polymer network of the hybrid material. This increases the ionic conductivity of the polymer network and the good mechanical properties are retained - even at elevated temperature.

The electrochemical cell according to the invention requires no liquid components. As a result, disadvantages are overcome which arise in conventional electrochemical cells from the prior art due to the low vapor pressure and the risk of leakage of the plasticizer. Thus, safer batteries, alternative battery designs and large batteries can be realized, which is of particular interest to the automotive industry.

In the preparation of the inorganic-organic hybrid polymer, by adjusting the molecular ratio of the two precursors in the polymerization reaction (first precursor has residue P, second precursor has residue Y, see formula I), the ratio of the two precursors in product d. H. be set in the hybrid material (= ratio of n to m in formula I). This makes it possible to adapt the properties of the electrolyte (eg: modulus of elasticity, flexibility, conductivity etc.) and to optimize it to the desired application. The cross-linking process is environmentally friendly and cost effective, as no additional solvent is needed.

In a preferred embodiment of the electrochemical cell according to the invention, the polymerizable group is selected from the group consisting of vinyl group, acrylic group, methacrylic group, epoxy group and spiroorthoester group.

• a) ungeladene Gruppe sein, die ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus H, geradkettiges oder verzweigtes Alkyl und Aryl, cyclisches Acyl oder acyclisches Acyl (optional mit Heteroatomen), insbesondere ein cyclisches Carbonat, oder
• b) anionische Gruppe (z. B. Single Ion Conductor) sein, die bevorzugt eine Gruppe ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Boratgruppe, Triflatgruppe, Sulfonatgruppe und/oder ein Derivat von Sulfonimiden enthält oder daraus besteht.

In the inorganic-organic hybrid polymer, Z (or Y) may be a

• a) be an uncharged group selected from the group consisting of H, straight or branched alkyl and aryl, cyclic acyl or acyclic acyl (optionally with heteroatoms), in particular a cyclic carbonate, or
• b) anionic group (eg Single Ion Conductor), which preferably contains or consists of a group selected from the group consisting of borate group, triflate group, sulfonate group and / or a derivative of sulfonimides.

By choosing the remainder Z (or Y), an adaptation of the properties of the hybrid material can take place. When an anionic group is chosen for Z, a single-ion conductor can be provided. The hybrid material then has a cation transition number of one, which further improves performance in the battery cell in terms of power and energy density.

• • Li₄Ti₅O₁₂,
• • Li_4-yA_yTi_5-xM_xO₁₂ (A = Mg, Ca, Al; M = Ge, Fe, Co Ni, Mn, Cr, Zr, Mo, V, Ta oder eine Kombination davon),
• • Li(Ni,Co,Mn)O₂,
• • Li_1+x(M,N)_1-xO₂ (M = Mn, Co, Ni oder eine Kombination davon; N = Al, Ti, Fe, Cr, Mo, V, Ta, Mg, Zn, Ga, B, Ca, Ce, Y, Nb, Sr, Ba, Cd oder eine Kombination davon),
• • (Li,A)_x(M,N)₂O_v·wX_w (A = Alkali-, Erdalkalimetall, Lanthanoid oder einer Kombination davon; M = Mn, Co, Ni oder eine Kombination davon; N = Al, Ti, Fe, Cr, Zr, Mo, V, Ta, Mg, Zn, Ga, B, Ca, Ce, Y, Nb, Sr, Ba, Cd oder eine Kombination davon, X = F, Si),
• • LiFePO₄,
• • (Li,A)(M,B)PO₄ (A oder B = Alakli-, Erdalkalimetall, Lanthanoid oder eine Kombination davon; M = Fe, Co, Mn, Ni, Ti, Cu, Zn, Cr oder eine Kombination davon),
• • LiVPO₄F,
• • (Li,A)₂/M,B)PO₄F (A oder B = Alkali-, Erdalkalimetall, Lanthanoid oder eine Kombination davon; M = Fe, Co, Mn, Ni, Ti, Cu oder eine Kombination davon),
• • Li₃V₂PO₄,
• • Li(Mn,Ni)₂O₄,
• • Li_1+x(M,N)_2-xO₄ (M = Mn; N = Co, Ni, Fe, Al, Ti, Cr, Mo, V, Ta oder eine Kombination davon)

According to the invention, the first and / or second electrode of the electrochemical cell may contain a material selected from the group consisting of Li, Si, C, S, Ge, Sn, Al, Sb, lithium metal oxides, lithium metal phosphates and mixtures or combinations thereof or consist of. In particular, the first and / or second electrode may contain or consist of one of the following materials:

• Li ₄ Ti ₅ O ₁₂ ,
• Li _4-y A _y Ti _5-x M _x O ₁₂ (A = Mg, Ca, Al, M = Ge, Fe, Co Ni, Mn, Cr, Zr, Mo, V, Ta or a combination thereof)
• Li (Ni, Co, Mn) O ₂ ,
• Li _{1 + x} (M, N) _1-x O ₂ (M = Mn, Co, Ni or a combination thereof; N = Al, Ti, Fe, Cr, Mo, V, Ta, Mg, Zn, Ga, B, Ca, Ce, Y, Nb, Sr, Ba, Cd or a combination thereof),
• • (Li, A) _x (M, N) ₂ O _{v • w} X _w (A = alkali, alkaline earth, lanthanide or a combination thereof; M = Mn, Co, Ni or a combination thereof; N = Al, Ti , Fe, Cr, Zr, Mo, V, Ta, Mg, Zn, Ga, B, Ca, Ce, Y, Nb, Sr, Ba, Cd or a combination thereof, X = F, Si),
• • LiFePO ₄ ,
• • (Li, A) (M, B) PO ₄ (A or B = alakli-, alkaline earth metal, lanthanide or a combination thereof; M = Fe, Co, Mn, Ni, Ti, Cu, Zn, Cr or a combination thereof )
• LiVPO ₄ F,
• (Li, A) ₂ / M, B) PO ₄ F (A or B = alkali, alkaline earth, lanthanide or a combination thereof; M = Fe, Co, Mn, Ni, Ti, Cu or a combination thereof),
• Li ₃ V ₂ PO ₄ ,
• Li (Mn, Ni) ₂ O ₄ ,
• Li _{1 + x} (M, N) _2-x O ₄ (M = Mn; N = Co, Ni, Fe, Al, Ti, Cr, Mo, V, Ta or a combination thereof)

It is preferred that the first and / or second electrode contains the inorganic-organic hybrid material. In particular, the first and / or second electrode may be coated with the hybrid material at least in regions.

In a preferred embodiment, the electrolyte is a solid electrolyte, in particular a ceramic electrolyte. The electrolyte may contain the hybrid material. Preferably, the electrolyte is at least partially coated with the hybrid material. Further, the electrolyte may contain a ceramic filler.

In a further preferred embodiment, the electrochemical cell contains a separator. The separator preferably contains or consists of a material selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, polyethylene, ceramic and glass fiber. Further, the separator may contain or consist of the hybrid material. In particular, the separator is at least partially coated with the hybrid material.

The hybrid material, the electrolyte and / or the separator may be in a solid or gel state.

The hybrid material preferably contains a conductive salt, particularly preferably a lithium conducting salt, in particular lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide.

Further, the hybrid material may include an initiator suitable for imparting polymerization of the hybrid material. A preferred initiator is dibenzoyl peroxide. The hybrid material is particularly preferably at least partially chemically covalently crosslinked. In particular, the hybrid material is crosslinked to be in a gel or solid state.

wobei
P eine polymerisierbare Gruppe ist,
a = 2 oder 3,
b = 1 bis 20,
n = 1 bis 30,
m = 1 bis 30,
x = 1 bis 30,
R¹, R² und R³ ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe bestehend aus H, Alkyl, -O-Alkyl und -O-Si, und R⁴ ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus H, Alkyl und Si, und
Y ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus -Z, -Alkyl-Z, -Aryl-Z, und -(CH₂)_c-O-(CH₂CH₂O)_d-O-Z, wobei c = 2 oder 3, d = 1 bis 20, und Z ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus ungeladener Gruppe und anionischer Gruppe, als

• a) Bestandteil in elektrochemischen Zellen, bevorzugt als Elektrolyt, Binder und/oder Separator;
• b) Bestandteil in Kondensatoren, und/oder
• c) Beschichtungsmaterial für Bestandteile in elektrochemischen Zellen, bevorzugt als Beschichtungsmaterial für Elektrodenmaterial, Separatoren und/oder keramische Feststoffelektrolyte,

vorgeschlagen.In addition, the use of an inorganic-organic hybrid material comprising or consisting of a compound of the formula I

in which
P is a polymerizable group,
a = 2 or 3,
b = 1 to 20,
n = 1 to 30,
m = 1 to 30,
x = 1 to 30,
R ¹ , R ² and R ^{3 are} selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, -O-alkyl and -O-Si, and R ^{4 is} selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl and Si, and
Y is selected from the group consisting of -Z, -alkyl-Z, -aryl-Z, and - (CH ₂ ) _c -O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _d -OZ, where c = 2 or 3, d = 1 to 20, and Z is selected from the group consisting of uncharged group and anionic group, as

• a) component in electrochemical cells, preferably as an electrolyte, binder and / or separator;
• b) component in capacitors, and / or
• c) coating material for constituents in electrochemical cells, preferably as coating material for electrode material, separators and / or ceramic solid electrolytes,

proposed.

The use of the hybrid material as a binder improves the conductivity of the electrode and a potentially more efficient electrochemical cell can be obtained.

By using the hybrid material alone, or in conjunction with functionalized or unfunctionalized particles, two electrodes can be separated from each other, and a short circuit through the formation of dendrite growth can be avoided.

The hybrid material as a coating for components such as electrodes, ceramic electrolytes and / or separators has the advantage that the coating serves as a protective layer to avoid degradation and can serve as an intermediate layer in order to reduce the resistance between the electrode and the electrolyte. Furthermore, by the coating, the surface properties such. B. wetting can be improved.

The hybrid material may, for its use, be present at least partially in chemically covalently crosslinked form and / or contain a conducting salt, preferably a lithium conducting salt, in particular lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the inorganic-organic hybrid material is covalently attached via the radicals R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and / or R ⁴ to a surface. In the case of a surface of particles, the hybrid material may be used as a composite electrolyte. When the hybrid material bound to the particles is polymerized, the particles become chemically covalently bound in the electrolyte. The advantage here is that no phase separation can occur and the particles are arranged long-term stable and homogeneously distributed in the electrolyte. This causes above all advantages with respect to the mechanical and electrochemical properties of the electrolyte. In addition, this can prevent lithium dendrite growth.

In addition, it is advantageous if the radical Y is selected as anionic group, so that the hybrid material has a delocalized anion with a metal cation (eg lead salt cation such as Li ⁺ ) as counterion. As a result, the content of the conductive salt can be minimized or the conductive salt can even be completely replaced. Such composite electrolytes have a higher lithium transfer coefficient than standard composites because the particles are not mobile in the polymer matrix and only the cations contribute to ionic conductivity. This is favorable to obtain high power and energy densities.

However, the surface does not necessarily have to be a surface of (smaller) particles. Also (larger sized) electrodes or electrode materials z. B. from metals such as Li, Na, K, Al, Si, S, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Co, Ti, Al, Ge and alloys thereof or metal oxides such as LFP, LTO and / or LMO can chemically after surface activation covalently linked to the hybrid material.

The hybrid material can also be covalently immobilized on the surface of lithium compounds or carbon (for example on LiFePO ₄ , Li (NiMnCo) O ₂ , LiTiO ₂ , graphite, Li _{1 + x} Al _x Ti ₂ -x (PO ₄ ) ₃ , Li _{1 + x} Al _x Ge _2-x (PO ₄ ) ₃ ). This modification can serve as a fixed protective layer ("artificial solid electrolyte = SEI =) and improve the connection with the electrolyte used in the cell. In this way, the resistance between electrodes and electrolyte is reduced and properties such. B. improves the wetting. In addition, the electrode material is long-term stable protection and thus improved properties such as durability, performance and safety in the long term.

The subject according to the invention is intended to be explained in more detail with reference to the following examples, without wishing to restrict it to the specific embodiments presented here.

Example 1: Co-condensation of polyethylene glycol-methyl ether-propyldiethoxymethylsilane (A) and diethoxymethylsilyl-ethyl-triethylene glycol vinyl ether (B). scheme

10.0 g of component A (0.02 mol) were mixed with 15 mL diethyl carbonate, 0.1 g tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) and 1.5 g H ₂ O. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 19 hours. Subsequently, a mixture of 3.0 g of component B (0.01 mol), 0.5 g of H ₂ O, 15 mL of diethyl carbonate and 0.04 g of TBAF was added. The temperature was adjusted to 50 ° C and the mixture was stirred for 19 hours.

Subsequently, the solvent was removed under vacuum at 50 ° C, the product (C) dissolved in dry diethyl ether and purified over a column filled with neutral alumina column. The product was dried under vacuum at 70 ° C for 8 hours.

Example 2: Preparation of a solid polymer electrolyte

2.0 g of the co-condensate C from Example 1 were mixed with 0.51 g of lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) and 0.01 g of dibenzoyl peroxide (DBPO). Subsequently, an LFP composite electrode was coated with the solution and allowed to stand for one hour under inert gas atmosphere to ensure the infiltration of the solution into the electrode material. Subsequently, the coated electrode was cured on a hot plate for 4 hours at 70 ° C. Lithium metal was pressed on as counterelectrode

Example 3: Surface coating of a ceramic electrolyte

In 2.0 g of the co-condensate C, 0.51 g of lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) and 0.01 g of dibenzoyl peroxide (DBPO) were dissolved. A LAGP-based ceramic electrolyte was coated with the solution on both sides and cured at 70 ° C. for 4 hours each time.

Example 4: Surface functionalization of nanoparticles with triethoxysilyl-ethyl-triethylene glycol-vinyl ether

In a 250 ml flask, 10 ml of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and 50 ml of ethanol were mixed. After 10 minutes, 50 ml of a 1.22M NH ₄ OH solution in ethanol was added, followed by 2 ml H ₂ O. After 24 h, 5.0 g of triethoxysilyl-ethyl-triethylene glycol-vinyl ether was added and the mixture was heated for 24 h Stirred at RT and then at 70 ° C for 72 hours. The particles were separated by centrifugation, washed three times with ethanol and dried at 80 ° C for 19 hours.

Example 5: Preparation of a composite electrolyte

2.0 g of the co-condensate were mixed with 0.51 g of lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI), 0.2 g (10 wt.%) Of a functionalized particle described in Example 3 and 0.01 g of dibenzoyl peroxide (DBPO). The suspension was filled into an aluminum dish of defined dimensions and heated on a hot plate at 70 ° C for 4 hours (under argon atmosphere). After curing, the resulting polymer pellet was taken out of the dish and characterized.

Example 6: Modification of a glass-ceramic solid-state electrolyte

A LAGP glass-ceramic solid electrolyte with a diameter of 13 mm was cleaned by means of ultrasound in isopropanol. The glass-ceramic chip was then treated with piranha solution (H ₂ O ₂ : H ₂ SO ₄ = 1: 3) for 30 minutes to activate the surface. After rinsing with water and acetone, the chip was dried under vacuum. The surface modification was carried out by dipping the ceramic chip in a 5% by volume solution of trimethoxysilyl-propyl-polyethylene glycol methyl ether and acetone for 20 minutes. Thereafter, the chip was rinsed three times with acetone and dried under vacuum.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• US 2003/0134968 A1 [0007]
• WO 2013/110985 A1 [0008]
• US 2012/0153219 A1 [0008]
• US 6887619 B2 [0008]

Claims (17)

Electrochemical cell having a first and a second electrode, an electrolyte and optionally a separator, wherein at least one of the components from the group electrodes, electrolyte and Separater an inorganic-organic hybrid material of the general formula I.

wherein P is a polymerizable group, a = 2 or 3, b = 1 to 20, n = 1 to 30, m = 1 to 30, x = 1 to 30, R ¹ , R ² and R ^{3 are} selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, -O-alkyl and -O-Si, and R ^{4 is} selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl and Si, and Y is selected from the group consisting of -Z, -alkyl-Z, - Aryl-Z, and - (CH ₂ ) _c -O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _d -OZ, wherein c = 2 or 3, d = 1 to 20, and Z is selected from the group consisting of uncharged group and anionic group, or consists essentially of this. An electrochemical cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymerizable group is selected from the group consisting of vinyl group, acrylic group, methacrylic group, epoxy group and spiroorthoester group. An electrochemical cell according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that Z is an a) uncharged group selected from the group consisting of H, straight or branched alkyl and aryl, cyclic acyl or acyclic acyl, optionally with heteroatoms, b ) anionic group, preferably a single ion conductor, which preferably contains or consists of a group selected from the group consisting of borate group, triflate group, sulfonate group, a derivative of sulfonimides. Electrochemical cell according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first and / or second electrode is a material selected from the group consisting of Li, Si, C, S, Ge, Sn, Al, Sb, lithium metal oxides, lithium Metal phosphates and mixtures or combinations thereof, contains or consists of. Electrochemical cell according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first and / or second electrode contains the hybrid material. Electrochemical cell according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first and / or second electrode is coated at least partially with the hybrid material. Electrochemical cell according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the electrolyte is a solid electrolyte, in particular a ceramic electrolyte. Electrochemical cell according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the electrolyte contains the hybrid material, optionally the electrolyte with the hybrid material is at least partially coated. Electrochemical cell according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the electrolyte contains a ceramic filler. Electrochemical cell according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the separator contains or consists of a material selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, polyethylene, ceramic and glass fiber. Electrochemical cell according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the separator contains or consists of the hybrid material, optionally at least partially coated with the hybrid material. Electrochemical cell according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the hybrid material, the electrolyte and / or the separator is in a solid or gelatinous state. Electrochemical cell according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the hybrid material contains a conducting salt, preferably a lithium conducting salt, in particular lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide. An electrochemical cell according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the hybrid material contains an initiator suitable for imparting polymerization of the hybrid material, preferably dibenzoyl peroxide. Electrochemical cell according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the hybrid material is present at least partially chemically covalently crosslinked. Use of an inorganic-organic hybrid material comprising or consisting of a compound of the formula I.

wherein P is a polymerizable group, a = 2 or 3, b = 1 to 20, n = 1 to 30, m = 1 to 30, x = 1 to 30, R ¹ , R ² and R ^{3 are} selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, -O-alkyl and -O-Si, and R ^{4 is} selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl and Si, and Y is selected from the group consisting of -Z, -alkyl-Z, - Aryl-Z, and - (CH ₂ ) _c -O- (CH ₂ CH ₂ O) _d -OZ, wherein c = 2 or 3, d = 1 to 20, and Z is selected from the group consisting of uncharged group and anionic group, as a) component in electrochemical cells, preferably as electrolyte, binder and / or separator; b) constituent in capacitors, and / or c) coating material for constituents in electrochemical cells, preferably as coating material for electrode material, separators and / or ceramic solid electrolytes. Use according to claim 16, wherein the hybrid material is present at least partially in chemically covalently crosslinked form and / or contains a conducting salt, preferably a lithium conducting salt, in particular lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide.