DE102014111338B4 - Holding device for holding piece goods as well as transport device and cleaning device - Google Patents

Abstract

Holding device (1) for holding piece goods (10), with a first holding element (4), for holding a first section (10a) of piece goods (10), with a second holding element (6) for holding a second section (10b) of the Piece goods, the second holding element (6) being movable in a straight direction relative to the first holding element (4) and with a guide device (8) to guide the movement of the second holding element (6) relative to the first holding element (4), the Holding device further comprises a movement mechanism (2) to move the second holding element (6) relative to the first holding element (4), wherein the movement mechanism has a lever (22) pivotable about a first predetermined pivot axis (S1) and wherein a lever arm (22b ) this lever (22) is at least indirectly coupled to a holding element (4, 6), characterized in that a clamping means (26) urges the pivotable lever into a predetermined pivot position, wherein it the tensioning means (26) is a spring and the tensioning means (26) acts directly or indirectly on the lever and urges the lever into a position which causes the holding device (1) to be closed, the second holding element being the case (6) is a gripping element (62) and the arms of this gripping element (62) are arranged stationary with respect to one another and at least one holding element (4, 6) is detachably arranged on a carrier.

Description

The present invention relates to holding devices for holding workpieces or piece goods as well as a transport device and a cleaning device for piece goods, in particular a cleaning device for cleaning injection nozzles, spark plugs or other automobile parts. It is pointed out, however, that the holding device described here can also be used for other purposes. In devices of this type it is known that the workpieces to be cleaned are fed to a cleaning device, this cleaning device usually having a plurality of holding devices on a rotatable carrier which hold the respective workpieces. A wide variety of requirements can be placed on these holding devices. On the one hand, it should be ensured that the areas of the workpieces to be cleaned are not shaded by elements of the holding device and are therefore not accessible to a cleaning agent. In addition, a stable hold should be made possible.

Holding devices are known from the prior art which have holding clips or gripping clips which grip the workpieces to be cleaned on their outer circumference. In this case, such gripping clips are usually loaded directly by a spring and high forces are required to open the clips again.

For example, from the DE 914 801 a combined eccentric toggle lever quick clamping device for clamping workpieces to be welded is known with a lower fixed clamping jaw and a movable clamping jaw as well as a pivot lever which simultaneously moves the toggle joints and the eccentric.

From the EP 0 830 905 A2 a device for transporting bottles in a bottle washing machine is known, the bottle being arranged in a cell carrier which has movable centering fingers and clamping parts.

Furthermore, for example, from the DE 10 2004 053 514 A1 a clamping device for clamping workpieces is known, with a clamping arm rotatably mounted on a clamping head and with an actuating device acting on the clamping arm.

The present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a holding device which, on the one hand, allows a stable hold of the workpiece to be held, but which, on the other hand, can also be easily opened, as well as a transport device for transporting piece goods and a cleaning device for cleaning piece goods.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the subjects of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments and developments are the subject of the dependent claims.

A holding device according to the invention for holding piece goods and / or workpieces has a first holding element for holding a first section of piece goods. Furthermore, the holding device has a second holding element for holding a second section of the piece goods, the second holding element being movable in a straight direction with respect to the first holding element and wherein the second section is preferably also spaced from the first section. Furthermore, the device has a guide device to guide the movement of the second holding element relative to the first holding element, the holding device furthermore having a movement mechanism in order to move the second element relative to the first holding element.

According to the invention, this movement mechanism has a lever that can be pivoted about a first predetermined pivot axis, a lever arm of this lever being at least indirectly coupled to a holding element. Furthermore, the fastening mechanism has a tensioning means which urges the pivotable lever in a predetermined pivoting direction.

A holding device is therefore proposed in which the workpiece is preferably clamped between two holding elements which can be moved towards one another in a straight direction.

It is conceivable that a conversion ratio between a movement or a movement speed of the lever and the movement or the movement speed of the holding element changes during the movement. It is thus possible, for example, that during an opening movement from a closed position to an open position, depending on a speed of the lever element, one holding element moves more slowly than the other holding element and faster at a later point in time. In this way, however, it can also be achieved that, in a closed state, a very high force would be required in order, for example, to push the holding elements apart.

One of the holding elements is advantageously arranged in a stationary manner with respect to the holding device and the other holding element in the straight one Movable direction. However, it would also be possible for both holding elements to be movable in a straight direction.

The piece goods are advantageously an elongated body, i.e. a body which is at least twice as long in its longitudinal direction as in a direction perpendicular thereto. The longitudinal movement of the holding elements also advantageously takes place in this longitudinal direction of the piece goods or workpiece. As mentioned above, the workpiece is in particular a workpiece to be cleaned.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the first pivot axis is arranged stationary with respect to the holding device. This means that in a working operation this pivot axis can indeed be movable overall, for example it can rotate with a base carrier about an axis of rotation, but the pivot axis is preferably arranged stationary with respect to the holding device or a carrier of the holding device. The pivot axis is advantageously perpendicular to the direction of movement of the two holding elements.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the holding device has a carrier on which the pivotable lever is pivotably arranged. According to the invention, the clamping means can act directly on the lever. According to the invention, the tensioning means urges the lever into a position which brings about a closed state of the holding device, i.e. a state in which the piece goods are (firmly) held or are being held. According to the invention, however, it would also be conceivable that the clamping means only acts indirectly on the lever, for example the clamping means acts directly on the holding element and thus only acts on the lever via the coupling. The clamping means could also act on an actuating rod which, if necessary, is arranged between the lever and the holding element. The direct effect on the lever, however, offers the advantage that the clamping means can be made relatively small in terms of its force effect. The clamping means advantageously acts on the longer lever arm of the lever or at least a section of the clamping means is arranged on this longer lever arm.

According to the invention, the tensioning means is a spring, in particular a spiral spring which is wound around an axis and has two end sections which spring opposite one another. One of these ends can be arranged on the lever or contact it and the other end a region of the carrier.

In a further advantageous embodiment, it would also be conceivable that two clamping means are arranged which each act on the lever and urge this lever into a predetermined position. The lever could be arranged between these two clamping means.

In a further advantageous embodiment, at least one rod-like connecting body (or a connecting rod) is arranged on the lever arm of the pivotable lever so as to be pivotable about a predetermined second pivot axis, this connecting body being at least indirectly coupled to the holding element. This second pivot axis is therefore preferably movable along a circular path, this circular path being defined by a distance between the first and the second pivot axis. The device preferably has two connecting rods of this type, which preferably extend parallel to one another. The lever arm can then be arranged between these two connecting rods.

This rod-like body is preferably a rod-like body extending in a straight direction. However, it would also be possible for this rod-like body to have curved sections and / or sections angled with respect to one another.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the rod-like connecting body is connected to the holding element and / or an element carrying the holding element so as to be pivotable with respect to a predetermined third pivot axis. The third pivot axis is therefore advantageously linearly movable in the direction of movement in which the holding elements are movable with respect to one another.

The movement mechanism thus advantageously has at least three pivot axes. At least two of these three pivot axes are advantageously parallel to one another. All pivot axes are advantageously parallel to one another. In a further advantageous embodiment, the pivot axes extend perpendicular to the direction of the relative movement of the holding elements with respect to one another.

The lever element advantageously has a first lever arm and a second lever arm, these two lever arms being defined by the first pivot axis. As mentioned above, the second lever arm is hinged to the above-mentioned rod-like connecting body. The first lever arm is advantageously longer than the second lever arm, which here also has an effect on the transmission ratio between a movement of the first lever arm and the holding elements. As mentioned, at least one section of the tensioning means is preferably arranged on this longer lever arm.

A toggle lever mechanism (more precisely, a toggle lever-like mechanism) is advantageously formed by the second lever arm of the lever and the rod-like connecting body. A rod-like connecting body is understood to mean, in particular, a rigid connecting body which is suitable for transmitting both pressure and tensile forces.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the guide device has a linearly movable slide. A holding element is advantageously arranged, preferably releasably, on this linearly movable slide. For example, this slide can be guided through at least one rod-like body and slide opposite it. The slide is advantageously guided by two rod-like bodies which are preferably parallel to one another. The rod-like connecting body is advantageously articulated on the slide.

In a further advantageous embodiment, in at least one end position of the holding element, a longitudinal direction of the first lever arm of the lever forms an angle with a longitudinal direction of the connecting body which is between 120 ° and 180 °, preferably between 130 ° and 180 °, preferably between 140 ° and 180 ° °, preferably between 150 ° and 180 °, preferably between 160 ° and 180 °, preferably between 170 ° and 180 °, preferably between 175 ° and 180 °, particularly preferably between 177 ° and 180 °, particularly preferably between 178 ° and 180 ° and particularly preferably between 179 ° and 180 °.

In a further advantageous embodiment, in at least one end position of the holding element, a geometric connection line between the second pivot axis and the first pivot axis and a geometric connection line between the second pivot axis and the third pivot axis form an angle of between 120 ° and 180 °, preferably between 130 ° and 180 °, preferably between 140 ° and 180 °, preferably between 150 ° and 180 °, preferably between 160 ° and 180 °, preferably between 170 ° and 180 °, preferably between 175 ° and 180 °, particularly preferably between 177 ° and 180 °, particularly preferably between 178 ° and 180 ° and particularly preferably between 179 ° and 180 °.

However, this mentioned angle is particularly preferred always (even if only slightly) below 180 °. In order to achieve this, stops (described in more detail below) can be provided.

This is advantageously a closed or a holding position of the holding device, i.e. a position in which a workpiece is or can be held. In this position, the holding device or the holding element cannot or can hardly be moved by a force applied directly by the piece goods.

In a second end position of the holding element, a longitudinal direction of the first lever arm preferably forms an angle with the longitudinal direction of the connecting body which is between 60 ° and 120 °, preferably between 70 ° and 110 ° and particularly preferably between 80 ° and 100 °. In the area of this end position, a comparatively fast movement or relative movement of the holding elements to one another should take place as a function of a movement speed of the lever arm. In this area, however, there is also no need for high forces applied to the holding elements to be possible.

According to the invention, at least one holding element is detachably arranged on a carrier. Both the first holding element and the second holding element are advantageously each detachably arranged on a carrier. In this way, the holding device can be converted to different configurations of workpieces or piece goods. One of the two carriers is advantageously arranged in a stationary manner and the other carrier is preferably the above-mentioned slide.

It is possible here for the holding element to be arranged on the respective carrier via screw means.

It would be possible here for at least one holding element to be able to be removed from the carrier assigned to it in a direction which is perpendicular to the direction of movement of the holding elements with respect to one another. The other holding element can advantageously be removed from the carrier in the direction of movement of the holding element.

In this case, for example, a screw means for holding the holding element can be provided, which screw means is arranged on a side facing the piece goods. In this way, it can be achieved that the screwing means does not interfere with or shadows when a cleaning agent is applied to the workpiece or piece goods.

In a further advantageous embodiment, at least one holding element is designed such that the workpiece can only be arranged in one or more defined positions with respect to this holding element. In particular when cleaning workpieces, it is often necessary for them to be in a precisely defined position in their respective holding devices.

At least one and preferably the movable holding element is advantageously designed such that the workpiece can only be introduced into it in one or more defined rotary positions, ie its rotary position is fixed with respect to its longitudinal direction and also with respect to the holding element. The holding element is advantageously designed such that the workpiece can only be arranged in two defined rotational positions on the holding element, these two rotational positions preferably differing by an angle of 180 °.

According to the invention, the second holding element is a gripping element, but particularly preferably the arms of this gripping element are arranged stationary with respect to one another. The workpiece to be gripped can be designed in such a way that the area gripped by the holding element has a partially smaller outer circumference, so that gripping arms of the gripping element engage in a correspondingly designed recess of the workpiece and thus the workpiece can nevertheless be clamped in its longitudinal direction. In this way, at least the end region of the workpiece is also accessible for the application of a cleaning agent. At least one holding element is advantageously suitable for holding an end region of the workpiece or piece goods.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the holding device has a stop element which limits a movement of a holding element in at least one direction of movement. This is advantageously the end position which brings about a holding state of the piece goods. This is preferably a position in which the first holding element and the second holding element are at a minimal distance from one another. This stop element is advantageously adjustable, so that the position of this (for example lower) stop can also be changed.

In this way it can be prevented that an angle of 180 ° (or more than 180 °) is created between the lever arm and the connecting body and thus an undefined position in which the lever element "overturns" with respect to the actuating body when a force is exerted on the holding element becomes. However, it would also be possible for such a stop to be formed in an articulated connection between the lever arm and the actuating body, which only allows a certain maximum angle between the longitudinal directions of these two elements.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the position of the first holding element can also be adjusted in the longitudinal direction. In this way, an adaptation to different geometries of the piece goods can be achieved.

The present invention is also directed to a transport device for transporting piece goods. This device has a movable carrier and a plurality of holding devices of the type described above arranged on this carrier. The carrier is advantageously a rotatable carrier. The transport device is therefore particularly preferably a rotary machine. The holding devices are preferably arranged on an outer circumference of this carrier, so that the piece goods can be fed to the holding devices from the outside, for example in a straight line (e.g. radial direction with respect to the carrier).

The present invention is further directed to a cleaning device for cleaning piece goods. This cleaning device has a transport device of the type described above and at least one cleaning device which acts on the piece goods transported by the transport device with a cleaning medium and / or cleaning or sterilizing radiation. Instead of the cleaning device, the device can also more generally have a treatment device which carries out a surface treatment, in particular a cleaning surface treatment, on the workpiece.

The cleaning device preferably has loading devices which apply a cleaning medium to the piece goods. These can be cleaning nozzles which are arranged in a stationary manner in such a way that the piece goods move past them. However, it would also be conceivable for such cleaning nozzles to be arranged to be movable, i.e. to move with the piece goods to be cleaned.

The cleaning machine is advantageously a cyclic machine, ie the piece goods are transported cyclically. In this way, loading and unloading with the piece goods can be carried out more easily. However, continuous operation of the machine would also be conceivable. In a further advantageous embodiment, the cleaning device has a feed device which feeds the piece goods to be cleaned to the individual holding devices. In a further advantageous embodiment, the device also has a removal device which removes the piece goods to be cleaned from the device and in the process removes them from the individual holding devices.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the cleaning device has several cleaning stations, which are at least partially arranged in a stationary manner. In this way, it is possible for the piece goods to be acted upon one after the other, for example initially with a first cleaning agent and then with a second cleaning agent.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the device also has a drying device for drying the piece goods. It would be conceivable that the already cleaned piece goods are acted upon by an air stream, for example, in order to carry out the drying process in this way. In a further advantageous embodiment, the cleaning device can also have radiation devices which also irradiate the piece goods, for example with ultraviolet radiation. This could be of interest, for example, for piece goods that have to be kept sterile.

The present invention is further directed to a cleaning device for cleaning piece goods with at least one holding device of the type described above and at least one treatment device, which treatment device is suitable and intended to carry out surface cleaning on piece goods held by the holding device. The holding device can also be arranged in a stationary manner.

This treatment device can be both the application devices described above and a device which acts mechanically on a surface of the workpiece, such as a brush element.

• 1 eine Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Haltevorrichtung;
• 2 eine Seitenansicht der in 1 gezeigten Haltevorrichtung;
• 3 eine Ansicht von oben auf die erfindungsgemäße Haltevorrichtung auf 1;
• 4 eine weitere Seitenansicht der in 1 gezeigten Haltevorrichtung mit dargestelltem Stückgut;
• 5 eine weitere Darstellung der in 1 gezeigten Haltevorrichtung;
• 6a-e fünf Darstellungen zur Veranschaulichung der Wirkungsweise der erfindungsgemäßen Haltevorrichtung;
• 7 eine Darstellung zur Veranschaulichung des Zusammenhangs zwischen einer Bewegung des Hebels und einer Bewegung des Halteelements; und
• 8 eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Reinigungsvorrichtung.

Further advantages and embodiments emerge from the attached drawings:
Show in it:

• 1 a representation of a holding device according to the invention;
• 2 a side view of the in 1 holding device shown;
• 3 a view from above of the holding device according to the invention 1 ;
• 4th another side view of the in 1 Holding device shown with piece goods shown;
• 5 another representation of the in 1 holding device shown;
• 6a-e five representations to illustrate the operation of the holding device according to the invention;
• 7th a representation to illustrate the relationship between a movement of the lever and a movement of the holding element; and
• 8th a schematic representation of a cleaning device according to the invention.

1 shows a holding device according to the invention 1 . This holding device 1 has a first holding element 4th which is designed here to hold a workpiece to be treated, for example a workpiece to be cleaned. This first holding element 4th has three projections here 42 which can engage in a correspondingly adapted opening in the workpiece (not shown).

The reference number 6th identifies the second holding element, which takes up a further area of the workpiece. In this case, the further area or section of the piece goods is two recesses which are arranged on an outer circumference of the piece goods and into which the clamp elements or gripping elements 62 intervention. In this way, the piece goods can not only be held by the clamp, but also aligned with regard to its rotational position. However, here are these two clip elements 62 rigid, so that the actual holding force is not achieved by a radially acting force of the gripping elements, but by a force in the vertical direction, ie here in the direction L. acting force, which - as shown in more detail below - is applied. This force is generated by the gripping elements 62 transferred to the recesses and in this way the piece goods or workpiece can be clamped.

The second holding element 6th is here on a sled 30th arranged and, more precisely, fixed to it by means of a screw connection. To replace the gripping element, the fastening means 34 released and then the locking element 32 be pulled out obliquely to the right here in the figure, this together with the second holding element 6th he follows. A new retaining element can then be installed.

The carriage designated in its entirety by 30 is opposite two guide elements 36 , which are designed here as round rods, movable. The reference number 18th identifies an upper beam on which these rods are arranged. The reference number 40 identifies a lower beam of the device.

The reference number 2 Characterizes in its entirety a movement mechanism that is used to move the carriage 30th and thus the holding element 6th serves. This movement mechanism has one with respect to a first pivot axis S1 pivotable lever 22nd on. This lever 22nd again has a first lever arm 22a and a second lever arm 22b (which is only partially shown here). These two lever arms are at a predetermined angle with respect to one another a angled, this angle a is advantageously between 10 ° and 60 °, preferably between 10 ° and 50 ° and particularly preferably between 20 ° and 40 °.

The reference signs 26th identify clamping devices which are spiral springs. The ends of these springs are on the one hand on the pivot lever 22nd arranged (more precisely on the first lever arm 22a ) and on the other hand on the carrier 18th . This way the lever becomes 22nd pushed up here, ie the first lever arm 22a is pushed up. This way the sled will 30th biased downwards and thus piece goods (not shown) between the holding elements 4th and 6th clamped.

2 shows a view from the front of the holding device according to the invention. The first retaining element can also be seen here again 4th and the second holding element 6th . Next to it are the two guide rods 36 recognizable which one guide the slide 30th in the direction of movement indicated by the double arrow L. is marked, lead. It can be seen that the second holding element 6th a slot 35 forms into which the workpiece to be held can be inserted.

3 shows a view from above of the holding device according to the invention. Here, too, one recognizes the clamping means in the form of a spring with the two spring ends 26a and 26b , with the end of the spring 26b on one on the wearer 18th arranged support body 28 is arranged and is effected in this way that the lever arm 22nd in 3 is pushed up. The two holding elements can also be seen in this illustration 4th and 6th , however, the retaining element 4th here partly through the holding element 6th is covered. The second lever arm 22b is by the clamping device according to the 3 pushed down.

By means of the two holding elements, a non-positive fixation of components or piece bodies can be achieved, especially in cleaning systems. The 4th and 5 illustrate more precisely the principle of operation of the holding device. 4th shows the holding device in a state in which the piece goods 10 (only partially and not shown in detail) is not held or clamped.

However, here too it is the lead 42 recognizable here in a recess of the piece goods or of the workpiece 10 entry. This recess thus constitutes the first section 10a the workpiece or piece goods on which it is gripped. It can also be seen that the second holding element 6th in an approximately middle section 10b of the general cargo 10 is applied to this. You can see the lever here again 22nd with the two lever arms 22a and 22b . You can see that on the lever arm 22b an operating rod 24 is hinged. The reference symbol identifies accordingly S2 a pivot axis with respect to which the operating rod 24 opposite the lever 22nd is pivotable.

Another end of the operating rod, ie the rod-like connecting body 24 is about a pivot axis S3 again on the sled 30th arranged. In this way, this pivot axis becomes when the lever is moved S3 along the arrow L. moved up or down. The reference number 52 indicates a protective plate which prevents, for example, cleaning agents from getting onto the slide 30th to meet. The reference number 54 identifies a stop that limits the downward movement of the slide.

At the in 4th The illustration shown is - as mentioned above - the holding element 6th in an upper position. If now the lever 22nd is pivoted clockwise, the holding element is first moved relatively quickly downwards. When the lever 22nd here counterclockwise around the axis S1 is pivoted, the holding element is reversed with constant peripheral pivoting speed of the lever 22nd pulled up relatively quickly. This means that there is a relatively large transmission ratio between a pivot speed of the lever 22nd and a moving speed of the carriage 30th occurs.

5 shows the holding device 4th in another position. Here is the pivot lever 22nd almost in an upper position and thus the longitudinal directions L1 of the lever arm 22b such as L2 the operating rod 24 almost parallel to each other. It can be seen that the lever is pivoted in this area 22nd only a relatively small change in position of the carriage in the direction L. has the consequence. However, the force ratio between the force applied by the spring to the pivot lever and that via the actuating rod is also reversed 24 The force applied to the slide is very high.

The reference number b indicates an angle between the longitudinal directions L1 and L2 . In addition, this is also an angle between one Link between the swivel axes S2 and S1 on the one hand and the connection between the pivot axes S2 and S3 on the other hand. That angle b however, should preferably not exceed a value of 180 ° and particularly preferably not reach this value either.

This means that the in 5 position shown the spring element 22nd a very high force acts on the second holding element. The workpiece is in this position 10 between the two holding elements 4th and 6th securely clamped. In the context of a device for cleaning piece goods, it would be possible for the lever to be actuated by a drive device, such as a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder. In addition, actuation using guide cams would also be conceivable.

The ones in the 4th and 5 shown arrangement from the lever 22nd and the operating rod 24 causes that, based on the in 5 shown closed position when pivoting the lever 22nd counter-clockwise the slide is first 30th in relation to the movement speed of the lever only moved up relatively slowly, since the lever arm is initially 22b and the operating rod 24 be angled with respect to each other, since first the actuating rod 24 not in the direction of movement of the slide 30th is pulled, but at an angle to this.

With increasing pivoting of the lever 22nd anticlockwise, however, the operating rod will also move 24 - as in 4th shown - align more and more in the vertical orientation. In this case, another movement of the lever 22nd also the sledge 30th towards the end of the movement moved essentially at a speed which is the circumferential speed of the pivot axis S2 around the pivot axis S1 corresponds.

The 6a - 6e show several representations of the holding device at different positions of the lever element 22nd . To improve the clarity, only a few reference symbols have been drawn in here. At the in 6a The situation shown, the holding device is open and the first lever arm 22a in a substantially horizontal position. The operating rod 24 extends here in an almost vertical direction, or generally in a direction which corresponds to the direction of movement of the holding element 6th is essentially parallel. For this reason, a pivoting of the lever leads to a relatively high translation in the speed of movement of the second holding element. The distance between a link between the first pivot axis S1 and the third pivot axis S3 one hand and the pivot axis S2 on the other hand here is 18mm.

At the in 6b the situation shown became the lever 22nd more precisely the first lever arm 22a slightly raised, here by approx. 9.5 mm. Due to the relationship between the length of the first lever arm 22a and the second lever arm 22b this means that the holding element has moved downwards by 3.56 mm due to the movement of the lever. The distance between a link between the first pivot axis S1 and the third pivot axis S3 one hand and the pivot axis S2 on the other hand, here is 15 mm.

At the in 6c The situation shown was the left lever arm 22a increased by a further 9.5 mm to 19 mm compared to the basic position. It can be seen that the holding element has only moved downwards by a further 6.53 mm-3.56 mm = 2.97 mm. Correspondingly, however, a correspondingly higher force transmission also occurs according to the laws of levers. The distance between a link between the first pivot axis S1 and the third pivot axis S3 one hand and the pivot axis S2 on the other hand is here 11 mm.

At the in 6d The situation shown, the lever was raised by a further 9.5 mm to 28.5 mm. The holding element 6th has moved down by only a further 8.71 mm - 6.53 mm = 2.18 mm. The power transmission has increased accordingly here as well. The distance between a link between the first pivot axis S1 and the third pivot axis S3 one hand and the pivot axis S2 on the other hand is 6 mm here.

At the in 6e Finally, the situation shown is the second holding element in a lower end position, ie the clamping position in which the piece goods are clamped. It can be seen that the holding element has only moved down a further 1.03 mm here. The distance between a link between the first pivot axis S1 and the third pivot axis S3 one hand and the pivot axis S2 on the other hand is 0.9 mm here.

It can therefore be seen that along the path of the lever, the ratio between the movement distance of the first lever element and the first holding element changes by a factor of almost 1: 4.

7th shows a schematic representation to illustrate the force and path relationships. It can be seen that the travel ratio WR (travel of the lever element: travel of the holding element) increases considerably starting from an open position of the holding device. The ratio SK between the Holding element exerted force and the force applied to the lever.

In particular, a toggle-like movement mechanism is thus proposed which, in particular, enables a high power transmission, although only a small actuating force is available. The difference to a toggle lever mechanism, however, is that overstretching over an angle of 180 ° should preferably be avoided. However, in the case of the movement mechanism according to the invention here, it is proposed that the force transmission change as a function of a pivoting position of the lever. The closer the in the 4th and 5 movement mechanism shown in 5 When the actuation speed remains the same, the more the lifting speed decreases, while the respective pressing force increases.

In this way, a mechanically integrated deceleration ramp could also be achieved with a constant actuation speed. In particular, however, a very high force transmission is achieved, especially in the last millimeters of a clamping process for the workpiece, that is to say exactly at the position where a high force is required.

8th finally shows a roughly schematic representation of a cleaning device 80 for cleaning workpieces or piece goods. This cleaning device 80 has one about a predetermined axis of rotation D. rotatable carrier 82 on which a plurality of the holding devices according to the invention 1 are arranged. These holding devices 1 hold the piece goods to be cleaned 10 . The reference number 84 identifies a feed device, which the individual holding devices 1 supplies the piece goods and the reference number 86 identifies a discharge device which discharges the cleaned piece goods from the holding devices. The reference number 92 identifies a first cleaning element, which is arranged in a stationary manner here and is suitable and intended to apply a flowable and, in particular, liquid cleaning agent to the piece goods. The reference number 94 Identifies a second cleaning element, which is also arranged stationary here and is also suitable and intended for applying a cleaning agent to the piece goods. These cleaning elements 92 , 94 can each have cleaning nozzles. The reference number 96 identifies a third cleaning element, which is here on the carrier 82 and thus movable together with the holding devices 1 is arranged.

Furthermore, cleaning elements could also be provided for cleaning the holding devices themselves in order to simplify CIP (cleaning in place) cleaning. The reference number 98 Identifies a drying element which here acts on the piece goods with a gaseous medium, in particular with air, in particular in order to dry them.

List of reference symbols

1

Holding device

2

Movement mechanism

4th

first holding element

6

second holding element

10

General cargo / workpiece

10a

first section

10b

second part

18th

upper beam

22nd

Swivel lever

22a

first lever arm

22b

second lever arm

24

Operating rod

26th

Clamping device

26a

Spring end

26b

Spring end

28

Support body

30th

Sledge

32

Locking element

34

Fasteners

35

slot

36

Guide rods

40

lower beam

42

Projection / support

52

Fender

54

attack

60

Transport device

62

Clamp elements / gripping elements

80

Cleaning device

82

carrier

84

Feeding device

86

Discharge device

92

first cleaning element

94

second cleaning element

96

third cleaning element

98

Drying element

L.

Double arrow, direction of movement

L1

Longitudinal direction

L2

Longitudinal direction

S1

Swivel axis S1

S2

Swivel axis S2

S3

Swivel axis S3

a

angle

D.

Axis of rotation

b

angle

Claims (10)

Holding device (1) for holding piece goods (10), with a first holding element (4), for holding a first section (10a) of piece goods (10), with a second holding element (6) for holding a second section (10b) of the Piece goods, the second holding element (6) being movable in a straight direction relative to the first holding element (4) and with a guide device (8) to guide the movement of the second holding element (6) relative to the first holding element (4), the Holding device further comprises a movement mechanism (2) to move the second holding element (6) relative to the first holding element (4), wherein the movement mechanism has a lever (22) pivotable about a first predetermined pivot axis (S1) and wherein a lever arm (22b ) this lever (22) is at least indirectly coupled to a holding element (4, 6), characterized in that a clamping means (26) urges the pivotable lever into a predetermined pivot position, e s the tensioning means (26) is a spring and the tensioning means (26) acts directly or indirectly on the lever and urges the lever into a position which causes the holding device (1) to be closed, the second being Holding element (6) is a gripping element (62) and the arms of this gripping element (62) are arranged stationary with respect to one another and at least one holding element (4, 6) is detachably arranged on a carrier. Holding device (1) Claim 1 , characterized in that at least one rod-like connecting body (24) is arranged on the lever arm (22b) of the pivotable lever so as to be pivotable about a predetermined second pivot axis (S2), this connecting body (24) being at least indirectly coupled to the holding element (6). Holding device (1) Claim 2 , characterized in that the rod-like connecting body (24) is coupled to the second holding element (6) so as to be pivotable with respect to a predetermined third pivot axis (S3) Holding device (1) Claim 3 , characterized in that the guide device has a linearly movable slide (30). Holding device (1) Claim 2 , characterized in that in at least one end position of the holding element a longitudinal direction (L1) of the first lever arm with a longitudinal direction (L2) of the connecting body and / or a geometric connecting line between the second pivot axis (S2) and the first pivot axis (S1) with a geometric Connecting line between the second pivot axis (S2) and the third pivot axis (S3) encloses an angle (b) that is between 140 ° and 180 °, preferably between 150 ° and 180 °, preferably between 160 ° and 180 °, preferably between 170 ° and 180 °, preferably between 175 ° and 180 °, particularly preferably between 177 ° and 180 °, particularly preferably between 178 ° and 180 ° and particularly preferably between 179 ° and 180 °. Holding device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one holding element (4, 6) is designed in such a way that a rotational position of the piece goods with respect to a longitudinal direction (L) of the piece goods (10) is fixed when the piece goods are on the holding element is held. Holding device (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holding device (1) has a stop element (54) which limits a movement of a holding element (6) in at least one direction of movement Transport device (60) for transporting piece goods with a movable carrier (82) and a plurality of holding devices (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims arranged on this carrier (82). Cleaning device (80) for cleaning piece goods with at least one transport device (60) Claim 8 and at least one cleaning device which applies a cleaning medium and / or cleaning radiation to the piece goods transported by the transport device (60). Cleaning device (80) for cleaning piece goods (10) with at least one holding device (1) according to at least one of the preceding Claims 1 - 7th and at least one Treatment device which is suitable and intended to carry out a surface cleaning on a piece goods (10) held by the holding device.

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