DE102014105053B4 - Exhaust system of a motor vehicle and motor vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

Exhaust system (10) of a motor vehicle which has an internal combustion engine with several cylinder banks, with several exhaust manifolds (11, 12) and with a collector (15), each cylinder bank being assigned an exhaust manifold (11, 12) via which exhaust gas starting from of the respective cylinder bank can be fed to the collector (15), and with an exhaust gas turbocharger, the exhaust gas starting from the collector (15) being able to be fed to a turbine (18) of the exhaust gas turbocharger, and the exhaust gas starting from the collector (15) bypassing the turbine ( 18) of the exhaust gas turbocharger can be fed to a wastegate (20), characterized in that the exhaust gas, starting from the collector (15), can also be fed to a power turbine (21) of an electric generator, bypassing the turbine (18) of the exhaust gas turbocharger and the wastegate (20) .

Description

The invention relates to an exhaust system of a motor vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a motor vehicle with such an exhaust system.

Exhaust systems known from practice for motor vehicles, the internal combustion engine of which has several cylinder banks, have an exhaust manifold for each cylinder bank. With the help of the exhaust manifold assigned to the respective cylinder bank, exhaust gas is fed from the respective cylinder bank to a collector of the exhaust system.

In exhaust systems known from practice of a supercharged internal combustion engine having an exhaust gas turbocharger, the exhaust gas can be fed from the collector of the exhaust system to a turbine of the exhaust gas turbocharger, the exhaust gas also being able to be fed to a wastegate, in particular to limit the boost pressure, bypassing the exhaust gas turbocharger. The amount of exhaust gas routed through the wastegate can be adjusted using a bypass valve.

DE 37 40 238 A1 discloses an exhaust system for an internal combustion engine with two cylinder banks, wherein individual exhaust pipes of a first cylinder bank are combined to form a first exhaust manifold and individual exhaust pipes of a second cylinder bank are combined to form a second exhaust manifold.

DE 10 2004 022 721 A1 discloses a double-flow exhaust system for an internal combustion engine with exhaust-gas pipes and at least one silencer and catalytic converter housing, a separate rear silencer being provided for each exhaust line, both of which are fluidically connected by at least one preferably mountable connecting pipe.

DE 10 2009 036 659 A1 discloses a turbocharger mount with integrated exhaust and exhaust gas recirculation connections. US 2004/0 109 759 A1 discloses a housing for turbochargers.

Proceeding from this, the invention is based on the object of creating a novel exhaust system of a motor vehicle and a motor vehicle with such an exhaust system.

This object is achieved by an exhaust system of a motor vehicle according to claim 1.

According to the invention, the exhaust gas can be fed to a power turbine of an electrical generator starting from the collector, bypassing the turbine of the exhaust gas turbocharger and bypassing the wastegate.

In the context of the present invention, it is proposed that exhaust gas not only be routed via a wastegate, bypassing the exhaust gas turbocharger, but alternatively via a power turbine of an electrical generator, bypassing the exhaust gas turbocharger and the wastegate, in order to generate electricity in the exhaust gas that can be used, for example, to charge an electric battery such as an electric traction battery. This allows the efficiency of a motor vehicle to be increased further.

According to an advantageous development, the collector has a tubular base body through which the exhaust gas flows in the axial direction, with an upstream end and a downstream end as seen in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, the exhaust manifold opening into the collector at the upstream end of the collector in such a way that the exhaust gas emanates from the exhaust manifolds essentially in the axial direction of the collector flows into the same, and wherein the exhaust gas can be discharged starting from the downstream end of the collector via a first pipeline in the direction of the turbine of the exhaust gas turbocharger, which engages the downstream end of the collector in such a way that the exhaust gas Starting from the collector, it flows essentially in the axial direction of the collector into the first pipeline leading to the turbine of the exhaust gas turbocharger. Then, when the exhaust gas, starting from the exhaust manifolds, enters the collector essentially in the axial direction of the collector or the main body of the collector and exits the collector essentially in the axial direction via the first pipeline and is guided towards the turbine of the exhaust gas turbocharger the turbine of the exhaust gas turbocharger is optimally flown against. This configuration can further increase the efficiency.

Preferably, the exhaust gas can be conducted starting from the collector via a second pipeline in the direction of the wastegate and via a third pipeline in the direction of the power turbine, each of which engages the collector in such a way that the exhaust gas from the collector transversely to the axial direction of the collector into the second pipe and flows into the third pipe. This arrangement of the second and third pipeline for guiding the exhaust gas in the direction of the wastegate or in the direction of the power turbine does not impair the flow to the turbine of the exhaust gas turbocharger, and good flow to the wastegate and the power turbine is also possible.

The exhaust gas is preferably a starting from the turbine of the exhaust gas turbocharger and starting from the wastegate and starting from the power turbine of the electric generator Silencer can be supplied and, starting from the silencer, can be guided into the environment via an exhaust pipe.

Preferably, a longitudinal center axis of a section of the second pipeline branching off from the collector and a longitudinal center axis of a section of the third pipeline branching off from the collector each enclose an angle between 40 ° and 60 ° with the longitudinal center axis of the base body of the collector. Longitudinal central axes of sections of the exhaust manifold engaging the upstream end of the collector preferably each enclose an angle between 10 ° and 30 ° with the longitudinal central axis of the base body of the collector. This geometric arrangement of the second and third pipes and the exhaust manifold relative to the longitudinal center axis of the collector allows exhaust gas to flow optimally through the collector on the one hand in the direction of the turbine of the exhaust gas turbocharger and on the other hand in the direction of the wastegate and the power turbine of the electric generator.

The motor vehicle according to the invention is defined in claim 10.

Preferably, the exhaust gas can be directed from the cylinder banks via the exhaust manifold upwards at an incline opposite to the direction of travel of the motor vehicle in the direction of the collector, the exhaust gas flowing through the collector horizontally in the direction of travel of the motor vehicle, and the exhaust gas starting from the collector in the direction of travel of the motor vehicle Turbine of the exhaust gas turbocharger and transversely to the direction of travel of the motor vehicle to the wastegate and the power turbine can each be fed horizontally. The exhaust gas can then, starting from the turbine of the exhaust gas turbocharger, the wastegate and the power turbine, be directed downwards into a silencer and, starting from the silencer, against the direction of travel of the motor vehicle via an exhaust tailpipe into the environment. This configuration is particularly preferred for reasons of installation space and for reasons of efficiency.

According to an advantageous development, the internal combustion engine is a V4 internal combustion engine with two cylinders per cylinder bank. In particular, the exhaust system is used on an internal combustion engine with four cylinders, the cylinders being divided into two cylinder groups arranged in a V-shape relative to one another.

• 1 eine Draufsicht auf eine erfindungsgemäße Abgasanlage eines Kraftfahrzeugs;
• 2 eine perspektivische Ansicht von hinten und schräg oben auf die erfindungsgemäße Abgasanlage;
• 3 eine Seitenansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Abgasanlage eines Kraftfahrzeugs;
• 4 eine perspektivische Ansicht von vorne und schräg oben auf die erfindungsgemäße Abgasanlage; und
• 5 ein Detail der 1.

Preferred developments of the invention emerge from the subclaims and the following description. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, without being restricted thereto. It shows:

• 1 a plan view of an exhaust system according to the invention of a motor vehicle;
• 2 a perspective view from behind and obliquely above of the exhaust system according to the invention;
• 3 a side view of the exhaust system according to the invention of a motor vehicle;
• 4th a perspective view from the front and obliquely above of the exhaust system according to the invention; and
• 5 a detail of the 1 .

The present invention relates to an exhaust system of a motor vehicle and a motor vehicle with such an exhaust system. The exhaust system of the invention is used in a motor vehicle which has an internal combustion engine with several cylinder banks. Each cylinder bank preferably comprises a plurality of cylinders, the cylinder banks preferably assuming a V position or also a boxer position.

1 to 4th show different views of an exhaust system according to the invention for such an internal combustion engine or a motor vehicle with such an internal combustion engine, the exhaust system of 1 to 4th two exhaust manifolds 11 and 12th having. Each cylinder bank is such an exhaust manifold 11 , 12th assigned, the exhaust gas of the cylinders of the respective cylinder bank in a first section 13th , 14th of the respective exhaust manifold 11 , 12th in the respective exhaust manifold 11 , 12th enters and via the respective exhaust manifold 11 , 12th towards one below as a collector 15th designated exhaust collector can be performed. Both exhaust manifolds 11 , 12th therefore lead to the sections 13th , 14th opposite sections 16 , 17th in the collector 15th .

Starting from the collector 15th is the exhaust gas towards a turbine 18th of an exhaust gas turbocharger 19th steerable. Furthermore, the exhaust gas is emanating from the collector 15th bypassing the turbine 18th of the exhaust gas turbocharger 19th towards a wastegate 20th manageable. The same applies to the exhaust system according to the invention 10 provided that the exhaust gas bypassing the turbine 18th of the exhaust gas turbocharger 19th as well as bypassing the wastegate 20th a power turbine 21 an electric generator 22nd is feedable.

The exhaust gas leaving the internal combustion engine is therefore initially via the exhaust manifold 11 , 12th towards a common collector 15th led to then starting from the collector 15th either the turbine 18th of the exhaust gas turbocharger 19th or the wastegate 20th or power turbine 21 of the electric generator 22nd to be fed. The via the wastegate 20th The exhaust gas volume can be adjusted via a bypass valve.

At the turbine 18th of the exhaust gas turbocharger 19th it is preferably a turbine with variable turbine geometry, which is used in so-called VTG turbochargers.

The collector 15th has a tubular base body through which the exhaust gas flows in the axial direction 23 . Seen in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, the base body has 23 or the collector 15th over an upstream end 24 and a downstream end 25th . The exhaust manifold 11 , 12th flow with their sections 16 , 17th at the upstream end 24 of the collector 15th in the same, in such a way that the exhaust gas emanating from the exhaust manifolds 11 , 12th or the sections 16 , 17th the same in the axial direction of the collector 15th or the main body 23 of the collector 15th flows into it.

Starting from the downstream end 25th of the collector 15th is the exhaust gas via a first pipe 26th towards the turbine 18th of the exhaust gas turbocharger 19th feasible, the first pipeline 26th such at the downstream end 25th of the collector 15th attacks that the exhaust gas starting from the collector 15th in the axial direction of the same in that to the turbine 18th of the exhaust gas turbocharger 19th leading first pipeline 26th flows in.

A longitudinal central axis 27 the one to the turbine 18th of the exhaust gas turbocharger 19th leading first pipeline 26th closes with a longitudinal central axis 28 of the main body 23 of the collector 15th an angle α1 which is relatively small. This angle α1 is a maximum of 10 °, preferably a maximum of 5 °. The longitudinal central axis 27 the one to the turbine 18th of the exhaust gas turbocharger 19th running first pipeline 26th as well as the longitudinal central axis 28 of the main body 23 of the collector 15th preferably run parallel to one another or preferably coincide.

As already mentioned, the two exhaust manifolds engage 11 , 12th with their sections 16 , 17th at the upstream end 25th of the collector 15th with the longitudinal central axes 29 , 30th the one at the upstream end 25th of the collector 15th attacking sections 16 , 17th the exhaust manifold 11 , 12th with the longitudinal central axis 28 of the main body 23 of the collector 15th each enclose an angle α2a, α2b between 10 ° and 20 °.

The sum of the angles α2a, α2b is accordingly between 20 ° and 40 °, so that accordingly the longitudinal center axes 29 , 30th the one at the upstream end 25th of the collector 15th attacking sections 16 , 17th the exhaust manifold 11 , 12th enclose an α2 = α2a + α2b angle between 20 ° and 40 °.

The above arrangement of the longitudinal central axes 27 , 28 , 29 and 30th relative to one another allows an optimal introduction of the exhaust gas into the collector 15th and an optimal flow to the turbine 18th of the exhaust gas turbocharger 19th with exhaust.

As already stated, the exhaust gas is emanating from the collector 15th not just the turbine 18th of the exhaust gas turbocharger 19th can be supplied, rather the exhaust gas is on the one hand bypassing the turbine 18th of the exhaust gas turbocharger 19th the wastegate 20th and on the other hand, bypassing the turbine 18th of the exhaust gas turbocharger 19th as well as bypassing the wastegate 20th the turbine 21 of the electric generator 22nd feedable. The exhaust gas is via a second pipe 31 towards the wastegate 20th and via a third pipeline 32 in the direction of the power turbine 21 of the electric generator 22nd manageable. These two pipes 31 , 32 grip the collector in this way 15th , namely on the base body 23 of the collector 15th , indicates that the exhaust gas is starting from the collector 15th transverse to the axial direction of the collector 15th into the second pipe 31 and into the third pipe 32 flows in and thus transversely to the axial direction of the collector either in the direction of the wastegate 20th or in the direction of the power turbine 21 of the electric generator 22nd is feasible.

A longitudinal central axis 33 the one from the collector 15th branching second pipeline 31 and a longitudinal central axis 34 the third pipeline, which also branches off from the collector 32 each close with the longitudinal center axis 28 of the main body 23 of the collector 15th an angle α3a, α3b between 40 ° and 60 °, so that accordingly these longitudinal center axes 33 and 34 with each other enclose an angle α3 = α3a + α3b between 80 ° and 120 °.

The above angles α2a, α2b, α3a, α3b are oriented in such a way that the longitudinal center axes 29 , 30th the one at the upstream end 25th of the collector 15th attacking sections 16 , 17th the exhaust manifold 11 , 12th from the downstream end 25th of the main body 23 of the collector 15th are inclined away, whereas the longitudinal central axes 33 , 34 the one from the collector 15th Pipelines branching off transversely to the direction of travel 31 , 32 towards the downstream end 25th of the collector 15th are inclined.

Overall, this results in optimal routing of the exhaust gas through the collector 15th possible, namely an optimal introduction of the exhaust gas starting from the cylinder banks via the exhaust manifold 11 , 12th in the collector 15th in and out of the collector 15th either in the direction of the turbine 18th of the exhaust gas turbocharger 19th or into the wastegate 20th or in the power turbine 21 of the generator 22nd .

The exhaust gas is emanating from the turbine 18th of the exhaust gas turbocharger 19th and starting from the wastegate 20th and starting from the power turbine 21 of the electric generator 22nd a muffler 35 can be supplied, the exhaust gas starting from the muffler 35 via an exhaust pipe 36 can be directed into the environment.

The assemblies or components of the exhaust system according to the invention described above 10 are installed on an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle in such a way that the exhaust gas, starting from the cylinder banks, passes through the exhaust manifold 11 , 12th obliquely upwards opposite to a direction of travel F (see in particular 3 ) towards the collector 15th is controllable.

The exhaust gas flows through the collector 15th in the direction of travel F of the motor vehicle essentially horizontally, the exhaust gas starting from the collector 15th in the direction of travel F of the motor vehicle the turbine 18th of the exhaust gas turbocharger 19th and transversely to the direction of travel F of the motor vehicle, the wastegate 20th and the power turbine 21 of the electric generator 22nd can be fed in essentially horizontally. Starting from the turbine 18th of the exhaust gas turbocharger 19th , starting from the wastegate 20th as well as starting from the power turbine 21 the exhaust gas is each down in the muffler 35 dissipatable, and starting from the muffler 35 opposite to the direction of travel F of the motor vehicle via the tailpipe 36 can be directed into the environment.

In 4th is also an intercooler 37 shown which the cooling of in a compressor 38 of the exhaust gas turbocharger 19th compressed charge air to be supplied to the cylinders of the internal combustion engine is used.

The invention is preferably used in a motor vehicle whose internal combustion engine is designed as a four-cylinder internal combustion engine. In this case, the four cylinders are then grouped into two cylinder banks with two cylinders each, the cylinder banks assuming a V position or a boxer position relative to one another.

The exhaust system 10 allows an optimal flow guidance of the exhaust gas and an optimal utilization of the energy contained in the exhaust gas for charging the internal combustion engine and for generating electrical energy. The above-described geometric configuration of the exhaust system according to the invention allows optimal flow guidance of the exhaust gas and thus ensuring a particularly high degree of efficiency.

List of reference symbols

10

Exhaust system

11

Exhaust manifold

12th

Exhaust manifold

13th

section

14th

section

15th

Collector

16

section

17th

section

18th

turbine

19th

Exhaust gas turbocharger

20th

Wastegate

21

Power turbine

22nd

generator

23

Base body

24

upstream end

25th

downstream end

26th

Pipeline

27

Longitudinal central axis

28

Longitudinal central axis

29

Longitudinal central axis

30th

Longitudinal central axis

31

Pipeline

32

Pipeline

33

Longitudinal central axis

34

Longitudinal center axis

35

silencer

36

Exhaust tailpipe

37

Intercooler

38

compressor

39

Exhaust gas turbocharger

Claims (13)

Exhaust system (10) of a motor vehicle which has an internal combustion engine with several cylinder banks, with several exhaust manifolds (11, 12) and with a collector (15), each cylinder bank being assigned an exhaust manifold (11, 12) via which exhaust gas starting from of the respective cylinder bank can be fed to the collector (15), and with an exhaust gas turbocharger, the exhaust gas starting from the collector (15) being able to be fed to a turbine (18) of the exhaust gas turbocharger, and the exhaust gas starting from the collector (15) bypassing the turbine (18) of the exhaust gas turbocharger can be fed to a wastegate (20), characterized in that the exhaust gas, starting from the collector (15), furthermore bypasses the turbine (18) of the exhaust gas turbocharger and the wastegate (20) of a utility turbine (21) of an electric Generator can be fed. Exhaust system after Claim 1 characterized in that the collector (15) has a tubular base body (23) through which the exhaust gas flows in the axial direction, with an upstream end (24) and a downstream end (25) as seen in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, the exhaust manifold (11, 12) open into the collector (15) at the upstream end (24) in such a way that the exhaust gas, starting from the exhaust manifolds (11, 12) flows into the collector essentially in the axial direction of the collector, and the exhaust gas starting from the downstream end ( 25) of the collector (15) can be discharged via a first pipe (26) in the direction of the turbine (18) of the exhaust gas turbocharger, which acts on the downstream end (25) of the collector (15) in such a way that the exhaust gas starting from the collector (15) flows essentially in the axial direction of the collector (15) into the first pipeline (26) leading to the turbine (18) of the exhaust gas turbocharger. Exhaust system after Claim 2 , characterized in that the exhaust gas starting from the collector (15) via a second pipe (31) in the direction of the wastegate (20) and via a third pipe (31) in the direction of the power turbine (21) can be discharged, each in attack on the collector (15) so that the exhaust gas flows from the collector (15) transversely to the axial direction of the collector (15) into the second pipe (31) and into the third pipe (32). Exhaust system after Claim 3 , characterized in that a longitudinal central axis (33) of the second pipe (31) branching off from the collector (15) and a longitudinal central axis (34) of the third pipe (32) branching off from the collector (15) with a longitudinal central axis (28) of the base body (23) of the collector (15) each enclose an angle between 40 ° and 60 °. Exhaust system after Claim 3 or 4th , characterized in that the longitudinal center axes (33, 34) of the second pipeline (31) and the third pipeline (32) enclose an angle between 80 ° and 120 ° with one another. Exhaust system according to one of the Claims 2 to 5 , characterized in that longitudinal central axes (29, 30) of sections (16, 17) of the exhaust manifold (11, 12) engaging the upstream end (24) of the collector (15) with a longitudinal central axis (28) of the collector (15) in each case Include an angle between 10 ° and 20 °. Exhaust system after Claim 5 or 6th , characterized in that the longitudinal center axes (29, 30) of the sections of the exhaust manifold (11, 12) engaging the upstream end (24) of the collector (15) enclose an angle between 20 ° and 40 ° with one another. Exhaust system according to one of the Claims 1 to 7th , characterized in that the longitudinal center axes (29, 30) of the sections (16, 17) of the exhaust manifold (11, 12) engaging the upstream end (25) of the collector (15) from the downstream end (25) of the base body (23 ) of the collector 15 are inclined away, whereas the longitudinal center axes (33, 34) of the pipes (31, 32) branching off from the collector (15) transversely to the direction of travel are inclined towards the downstream end (25) of the collector (15). Exhaust system according to one of the Claims 1 to 8th , characterized in that the exhaust gas starting from the turbine (18) of the exhaust gas turbocharger and the wastegate (20) and the power turbine (21) of the electric generator can be fed to a silencer (35) and starting from the silencer (35) via an exhaust pipe (36) can be directed into the environment. Motor vehicle which has an internal combustion engine with several cylinder banks and with an exhaust system assigned to the internal combustion engine, characterized in that the exhaust system (10) according to one of the Claims 1 to 9 is trained. Motor vehicle after Claim 10 , characterized in that the exhaust gas, starting from the cylinder banks via the exhaust manifold (11, 12), can be directed obliquely upwards against the direction of travel of the motor vehicle in the direction of the collector (15), that the exhaust gas can flow into the collector (15) in the direction of travel of the motor vehicle flows through horizontally, and that the exhaust gas, starting from the collector (15) in the direction of travel of the motor vehicle, can be fed horizontally to the turbine (18) of the exhaust gas turbocharger and transversely to the direction of travel of the motor vehicle to the wastegate (20) and the power turbine (21). Motor vehicle after Claim 11 , characterized in that the exhaust gas starting from the turbine (18) of the exhaust gas turbocharger, the wastegate (20) and the power turbine (21) each down into a silencer (35) and starting from the silencer (35) opposite to the direction of travel of the motor vehicle an exhaust pipe (36) can be guided into the environment. Motor vehicle according to one of the Claims 10 to 12th , characterized in that the internal combustion engine is a V4 internal combustion engine with two cylinders per cylinder bank.

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