DE102014103099A1 - heat exchangers - Google Patents

Abstract

A heat exchanger for transferring heat energy is presented. The heat exchanger includes a primary side for transferring heat energy between a fluid passing through the heat exchanger and a surface of the heat exchanger, a primary side heat transfer chamber having an inlet opening through which the fluid can flow into the heat transfer chamber of the heat exchanger and an outlet port through which the fluid passes the heat transfer chamber can leave, primary side heat transfer means, which cause the heat transfer between the fluid and the surface of the heat exchanger, wherein in the operation of the heat exchanger primary side, the heat energy between the fluid and the heat transfer means is exchangeable and wherein the heat transfer means are movable such that they are in operation of the heat exchanger move in the heat transfer chamber and exchange the heat energy in the heat transfer chamber with the fluid.

Description

Field of the invention

The invention relates to a heat exchanger and to a method for removing or recovering heat from a fluid.

Background of the invention

When using waste heat, such as contained in exhaust gases, the yield of heat energy is so far only low. Typically, a heat transfer of the waste heat from the fluid is aimed at a metal surface, for which heat exchangers are used. In this case, the fluid flows along the metal surface and transfers small amounts of heat energy to the metal surface in the boundary layer. A simple, well-known example of this are plate heat exchangers.

Such heat exchangers have the disadvantage that a large metal surface must be made available in order to achieve a significant yield of the waste heat. This requires in industrial plants heat exchanger systems in a size of several cubic meters, making the equipment expensive and expensive to maintain.

To a large extent decides the size of the contact surface of the heat exchanger with the fluid on the yield of heat that can be withdrawn from the fluid. So far, therefore, an attempt is made to improve the heat transfer by increasing the metallic surface. For example, to improve yield, tube bundle heat exchangers have been found to allow a more compact design as they provide a larger surface area while reducing overall size. However, the tube bundle heat exchangers are disadvantageous in that they are highly integrated and have high production costs. However, although they have a more compact design than simple plate heat exchangers, tube bundle heat exchangers do not solve the problem that large metal surfaces must be provided for a satisfactory heat yield, which can not be realized industrially because of the high costs and large sizes.

Generally, conventional heat exchangers achieve heat transfer of only about 20 to 50 watts per square meter and Kelvin [W / (m ² K)]. By virtue of this low value, a high degree of volatility of the heat exchanger, ie the driving temperature difference, is typically accepted, resulting in a loss of thermodynamic efficiency. For example, in conventional exhaust gas heat exchangers, a weight of 50 to 100 K is accepted.

For example, in countercurrent heat exchangers, in which the heat flows are exchanged between two liquids is indeed a comparatively good Grain achievable, which can be set in the rule in the range of 3 to 6 K. On the other hand, in the case of a heat exchanger which is intended to produce a heat transfer, for example, between a gaseous fluid and a metal, this is not feasible according to the current state of the art.

Another problem with conventional heat exchanger systems is that the systems must be maintained at regular intervals, so in particular cleaned, and usually must be checked by a testing institution. The larger and / or "integrated" the heat exchanger system is constructed, the higher the corresponding running costs fall out, so that large heat exchanger systems can possibly no longer pay for themselves within their service life.

General description of the invention

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a heat exchanger which is particularly compact.

At the same time, it is an object of the present invention to increase the yield of thermal energy to be transferred in a heat exchanger.

Other objects will become apparent from the following description and the specific advantages achieved with certain embodiments.

The object is solved by the subject matter of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

The invention is based on the idea to realize or at least significantly improve the heat transfer from a fluid to a surface of the heat exchanger via a disperse transport medium. Preferably, the idea is directed to exhaust heat, e.g. from cogeneration plants or other energy-generating plants to a secondary fluid, which is separated from the exhaust gas via a solid wall to transfer. In turn, the secondary fluid is intended to carry off the heat energy previously contained in the exhaust gas or in the fluid. The supplied heat energy can also lead to the phase change of the secondary fluid, e.g. for evaporation or condensation.

The heat exchanger according to the invention for transferring heat energy, therefore, comprises a primary side for transferring heat energy between a fluid flowing through the heat exchanger and a surface of the heat exchanger, a primary side heat transfer chamber having an inlet opening through which the fluid can flow into the heat transfer chamber of the heat exchanger and with an outlet opening through which the fluid can leave the heat transfer chamber. Furthermore, the heat exchanger according to the invention comprises primary-side heat transfer means, which cause the heat transfer between the fluid and the surface of the heat exchanger. In operation of the heat exchanger, the heat energy is exchangeable between the fluid and the heat transfer means, and the heat transfer means are movable to move in the heat transfer chamber during operation of the heat exchanger and exchange the heat energy in the transfer chamber with the fluid.

In the heat transfer chamber, heat energy can be exchanged between the fluid and the heat transfer means when both the fluid and the movable heat transfer means are in the heat transfer chamber and the fluid is flowed around the heat transfer means. The fluid is preferably a gaseous fluid.

The heat transfer means are designed to be movable in the heat transfer chamber.

In other words, in the transfer chamber, heat energy is taken up from the fluid by the movable heat transfer means if the movable heat transfer means is colder than the fluid and / or heat energy is released from the movable heat transfer means to the fluid if the movable heat transfer means is warmer than the fluid ,

In particular, the movable heat transfer means comprise a particulate heat transfer medium for transferring heat between the fluid and the heat transfer means and for transferring heat energy between the movable heat transfer means and the surface of the heat exchanger. In other words, in particular, there is a transfer of the heat energy between the fluid and the surface of the heat exchanger, wherein the movable heat transfer means occupy the stage of a "mediator" or "Übertragers" of the heat energy.

For example, the disperse heat transport medium comprises particulate solids, in particular steel balls, steel rollers, hollow spheres, grains of sand or other granules or bulk material. Depending on the embodiment, the size of the solid or the particle size can be adjusted.

To describe the underlying principle again in other words: the primary-side exchange of heat energy between the fluid and the surface of the heat exchanger is carried out by means of the mobile heat transfer means, which are used as a "mediator" or "transformer" of the heat energy. The movable heat transfer means, for example in the form of steel balls, move in the operation of the heat exchanger through the transfer chamber of the heat exchanger and are flowed around by the fluid, so that a heat exchange between the fluid and the movable heat transfer means takes place. For example, if the fluid is hotter than the mobile heat transfer means, heat energy is released therefrom, the mobile heat transfer means heat up, and the fluid cools (or vice versa).

The movable heat transfer means subsequently transfer the heat energy stored in them to a solid surface, that is to the surface of the heat exchanger, or absorb from this heat energy to deliver it to the fluid.

The transfer of heat energy to the surface of the heat exchanger can be carried out locally separated, if this appears favorable for the design of the apparatus. Thus, the heat transfer means heated in the heat transfer chamber can either fall into the lower part of the chamber into a tube or other container section in which the heat exchangers, eg designed as plates, are located. The heat transfer means can then roll over these plates or slip. Conveniently, the particles may accumulate and thus have a longer residence time on the plate surface.

The preferred design is u.a. also on the mechanical properties of the heat transfer medium such as rolling resistance or tendency to stall.

The heat transfer chamber itself can for the purpose of reducing the pressure loss by the fluid flowing through in its cross section changed - preferably extended - be. The shape can also be changed for the favorable use of components. As an embodiment, a rectangular construction is called.

Surprisingly, it could be found in experiments within the scope of the invention that the heat transfer between the fluid and the surface here can reach 500 watts per square meter and Kelvin [W / (m ² K)] and even higher values. This corresponds to about 10 to 30 times the conventional heat exchanger.

A simple calculation example illustrates these relationships: In order to use 700 kW of waste heat from a cogeneration plant with conventional heat exchangers, a transmission area of about 100 m ² with an assumed weight of 280 K is necessary, which leads to a size of several cubic meters. Alone for the construction of such a heat exchanger high construction and investment costs and a high cost of materials are needed.

With a heat transfer coefficient in the range of 500 W / (m ² K), the required surface area of the heat exchanger can be reduced by the mentioned factor of 10 to 30, assuming the same assumption and heat recovery of 700 kW, which means a size with 5 m ² transmission surface can be reached. In addition, however, the graveness can be reduced, whereby the thermodynamic efficiency of the overall process can be increased.

The primary side for introducing the heat energy into the heat exchanger is preferably provided in the heat exchanger. A separate from the primary side secondary side is preferably provided for dissipating the heat energy from the heat exchanger. In other words, it is preferable on the primary side, the heat energy in the heat exchanger by means of the fluid can be introduced, on the secondary side, the heat energy from the heat exchanger by means of the secondary fluid can be discharged.

The heat exchanger preferably comprises a secondary fluid separated from the fluid. The secondary fluid can be separated from the fluid or the primary side by an impermeable wall, for example a metal wall, particularly preferably by the surface of the heat exchanger.

In the event that the secondary fluid is separated from the fluid by the surface of the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger may be configured so that the secondary fluid flows along the surface of the heat exchanger during operation of the heat exchanger, so that the heat energy between the surface of the heat exchanger and the Secondary fluid is directly interchangeable.

The heat transfer chamber may be constructed such that the movable heat transfer means are movable, in particular rollable, through the heat transfer chamber. In other words, the heat transfer means can roll through the heat transfer chamber. This is particularly drivable by gravity.

The heat transfer chamber is preferably designed such that the fluid can flow around the movable transfer means during the movement through the heat transfer chamber, so that they exchange the heat energy with the fluid with a large part of their surface area.

The heat transfer chamber may have delay lines such that the movable heat transfer means are movable along the delay lines. In other words, the heat transfer means, in particular following gravity, roll along the delay lines. The movable heat transfer means may then be bypassed by the fluid for a greater period of time, whereby the heat energy exchange of the heat transfer medium is intensified with the fluid.

The delay lines can be described in a simple example as a ball track for children, the balls roll parts of the route, some short distances also fall, and then roll again on the next inclined plane or train. With regard to shape, inclination and / or length, the delay lines may be just so pronounced that the movable heat transfer means perform an intensified heat exchange with the fluid. For example, the inclination of a deceleration path, that is to say its gradient for the heat transfer means, can be selected such that the heat transfer means roll along the deceleration path at a slow speed, but the heat transfer means do not stagnate or remain stationary on the deceleration path.

The movement of the movable heat transfer means can also be done in free fall, but conveniently by a series of braking the case sieves. In this case, it is preferable to make the heat dissipation separate.

The movable heat transfer means preferably comprise a particulate heat transfer medium for transferring the heat energy between the fluid and the surface of the heat exchanger. The disperse heat transport medium again preferably comprises particulate solids, in particular steel balls, steel rollers, hollow spheres, grains of sand or other granules. The particulate solids are generally a bulk material, so that it can be introduced into the heat transfer chamber.

The heat transfer chamber preferably has a transmission means input, through which the movable heat transfer means in the heat transfer chamber of the heat exchanger insertable, in particular fillable, are. By means of the transmission medium input, therefore, heat transfer means can be refilled or renewed, for example. However, it is also possible by means of the transmission input means to realize a heat transfer medium circulation system in which the heat transfer medium through the heat transfer chamber continuously, so are added to the heat transfer chamber through the transfer agent input, perform the heat exchange there and exit from the heat transfer chamber, then to be used again, for example ,

The heat transfer chamber may further include a transfer means output through which the movable heat transfer means may exit the heat transfer chamber.

A heat transfer fluid lift adapted to automatically convey the heat transfer means from the transfer means output to the transfer agent input may be connected to the transfer means output. This is particularly preferred and useful if the heat transfer means move by gravity through the heat transfer chamber and have no potential energy reserve at the lower end of the heat transfer chamber. The heat transfer fluid elevator provides this potential energy reserve by raising the heat transfer means to a higher position on the heat transfer chamber so that the heat transfer means can be re-filled into the heat transfer chamber and re-run through the heat transfer medium circuit.

In one embodiment of the invention, the surface of the heat exchanger is disposed away from the heat transfer chamber so that the movable heat transfer means transports the heat energy out of the heat transfer chamber to the surface or from the surface into the heat transfer chamber.

In a further embodiment, the surface of the heat exchanger is part of the heat transfer chamber and arranged such that the movable heat transfer means move on the surface and cause the heat transfer with the surface by contact surface heat transfer. In other words, in this embodiment, the heat transfer means move on the surface, are flowed around by the fluid and mediate the heat exchange between the fluid and the surface.

According to the invention, a method for exchanging heat energy in a heat transfer chamber of a heat exchanger is also presented. First, movable heat transfer means are provided in the heat transfer chamber. For example, these may be conveyed through the heat transfer medium elevator and introduced from above through the transfer agent input into the heat transfer chamber. A fluid is flowed into the heat transfer chamber, the Fluid flows around the movable heat transfer medium in the heat transfer chamber. Heat energy is transferred between the fluid and the movable heat transfer means while the fluid flows around the movable heat transfer means. Finally, the outflow of fluid from the heat transfer chamber follows, so that new, "unconsumed" fluid can flow into the heat transfer chamber. The heat energy is then transferred between the movable heat transfer means and a surface of the heat exchanger.

Further, a secondary fluid may be provided outside the heat transfer chamber at the surface of the heat exchanger. For example, the fluid on the primary side of the heat exchanger, the secondary fluid on the secondary side of the heat exchanger. The heat energy can then be transferred between the surface of the heat exchanger and the secondary fluid so that it can leave the heat exchanger with the secondary fluid.

In addition, the movable heat transfer means may be discharged from the heat transfer chamber and transported to the surface of the heat exchanger for transferring the heat energy between the movable heat transfer means and the surface of the heat exchanger. Subsequently, the movable heat transfer means can be transported back to the heat transfer chamber and let into the heat transfer chamber.

An exhaust gas heat exchanger for extracting heat energy from an exhaust gas flowing through the heat exchanger is also presented. It comprises a heat transfer chamber with an inlet opening through which the exhaust gas can flow into the heat transfer chamber of the heat exchanger, with an outlet opening through which the exhaust gas can leave the heat transfer chamber and with a surface of the heat exchanger. Movable heat transfer means, which can extract heat energy from the exhaust gas by flowing around the movable heat transfer means in the heat transfer chamber, are also included.

The heat transfer chamber in this case has delay lines, wherein the movable heat transfer means along the delay lines are movable, so roll down in particular at the delay lines. In the operation of the exhaust gas heat exchanger, the movable heat transfer medium is flowed around by the exhaust gas and move during operation of the exhaust gas heat exchanger with contact to the surface of the heat exchanger, whereby the heat energy is transferred to the surface by contact surface heat transfer.

In the following the invention will be explained in more detail by means of embodiments and with reference to the figures, wherein the same and similar elements are partially provided with the same reference numerals and the features of the various embodiments can be combined.

Brief description of the figures

Show it:

1 a sectional view of a simple basic model of a heat exchanger according to the invention with rolling heat transfer means,

2 a sectional view of another embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the invention with secondary side heat exchanger tubes,

3 a sectional view of another embodiment of the heat exchanger according to the invention with a ball sump,

4 a sectional view of another embodiment of the heat exchanger according to the invention with a plurality of flow breakers,

5 a sectional view of yet another embodiment of the heat exchanger according to the invention with lying outside the heat transfer chamber surfaces.

Detailed description of the invention

With 1 should the operating principle of the invention will be explained again exactly. In 1 is a heat transfer chamber 10 represented, which is a primary page 20 of the heat exchanger 2 assigned. In the heat transfer chamber 10 can the fluid 22 (represented by arrows) and the heat transfer means 30 meet each other and exchange heat energy. The heat transfer chamber 10 has an inlet opening 12 on, through which the fluid 22 in the heat transfer chamber 10 can flow in, as well as an outlet opening 14 through which the fluid 22 from the heat transfer chamber 10 can escape again. Inside the heat transfer chamber 10 becomes the fluid 22 directed so that it is the heat transfer medium 30 flows around.

In the embodiment of the 1 are thermal sheets 40a as a surface 40 of the heat exchanger 2 intended. The surface 40 of the heat exchanger 2 is therefore within the heat transfer chamber in this embodiment 10 arranged. Further, the surface is 40 of the heat exchanger 2 in this embodiment on several thermal sheets 40a split, with all thermo sheets 40a together the surface 40 of the heat exchanger 2 form. For example, the amount of heat that the fluid 22 through the heat transfer medium 30 was removed and to the thermal sheets 40a was discharged (or vice versa), along the thermal sheets 40a be forwarded quickly and in large quantities. The thermal sheets 40a For this purpose, have a material with good thermal conductivity properties, such as metals. This process is followed by the amount of heat with a secondary side 50 and in particular with a secondary fluid 52 exchanged, ie in particular to the secondary fluid 52 issued. On the secondary side, the heat can be removed, for example, by means of direct evaporation, it can also be alternative secondary fluids 52 such as molten salts or ionic liquids are used.

The surface 40 of the heat exchanger 2 is in the example of 1 So part of the heat transfer chamber 10 , where the thermo sheets 40a not only dissipate or supply the amount of heat, so the heat transfer between the primary side 20 and secondary side 50 of the heat exchanger 2 accomplish, but the thermo sheets 40a are at their respective top as a delay line 42 for the heat transfer medium 30 executed. The thermal sheets 40a have in the embodiment, a thermal plate length and a thermal plate width, also have the thermal sheets 40a an inclination so that the heat transfer medium 30 powered by gravity a movement on the thermal plate 40a perform, in simplified terms, "roll down". Between every two thermal sheets 40a there is a deflection gap in which the heat transport means 30 to travel a free distance. Furthermore, the thermal sheets have 40a a roller table total height, which is characterized by thermal plate length and thermal bending to a height difference between the beginning and end of a thermal plate 40a plus the deflection gap results. Overall, the surfaces 40 characterized in their tapered cascading arrangement.

The processes in the heat exchanger 2 should by a description of the operating condition of the heat exchanger 2 will be further clarified below.

In operation of the heat exchanger 2 the fluid flows 22 from below through the inlet opening 12 in the heat transfer chamber 10 , continue through the heat transfer chamber 10 passing it through the thermal sheets 40a is directed so that the fluid 22 possibly along the surface 40 So along the thermal sheets 40a , flows. Finally, the fluid flows 22 through the outlet opening 14 from the heat transfer chamber 10 out.

The heat transfer medium 30 fall in this particularly simplified embodiment in the heat transfer chamber 10 , In this embodiment, the heat transfer means move 30 thus in countercurrent to the fluid 22 through the heat transfer chamber 10 , In the embodiment, the heat transfer chamber 10 simplistically speaking, a vertical tube 10 with a tightly closing cladding. As a fluid 22 this can be a gas or a hot exhaust gas 22a be used, for example, from a CHP, which to the heat transfer medium 30 and thus in the further course to the heat exchanger 2 Dissipates heat energy and cools, the heat transfer medium 30 heat up. The size of the heat transfer medium 30 is adapted to various parameters, such as the size of the heat transfer chamber 10 , the flow rate of the fluid 22 through the heat transfer chamber 10 , the slope of the delay lines 42 , the desired speed of movement of the heat transfer medium 30 , the ratio of particle diameters of the heat transfer medium 30 to a roller table height or to a thermal plate width, the fall distance, and possibly the amount of thermal energy to be transmitted. For example, the fall distance depends on the diameter of the heat transfer medium 30 : the smaller these are, the shorter the fall distance can be executed, because the heat transfer is better. However, handling smaller diameter balls becomes more difficult as they tend to adhere.

The outlet opening 14 Here is also the transmission input 32 ,

The heat transfer medium 30 move in this embodiment in the operation of the heat exchanger 2 on the top 42 the thermal sheets 40a especially they just roll on the thermal sheets 40a along as they transition from a thermo sheet 40a to the next a free path through the fluid 22 and especially intensively from the fluid here 22 to be flowed around.

To the residence time of the heat transfer medium 30 increase on the free path, and thus depending on the embodiment, to further improve the heat transfer, sieve plates 36 or other flow breakers 36 in the heat transfer chamber 10 be inserted, the heat transfer medium 30 have to happen. For this purpose, any flow breaker is suitable, for example, the free fall of the heat transfer medium 30 hindered without clogging.

Even if the heat transfer medium 30 on the top 42 the thermal sheets 40a move, they are in operation of the heat exchanger 2 from the fluid 22 flows around, giving them the heat energy with the fluid 22 can exchange.

The heat transfer medium 30 move on the surface 40 of the heat exchanger and transfer the heat energy from or to the surface by direct contact with the surface 40 ,

At the bottom of the in 1 shown system could be a separating device (see. 2 ) of the heat transfer medium 30 from the fluid 22 and from the "pipe". This is, for example, a slanted close-meshed screen on which the heat transfer medium 30 sideways the fluid inlet 12 leave.

2 shows a further embodiment of the invention in a side section. Heat transfer medium 30 can over the transmission medium input 32 the heat transfer chamber 10 be supplied. The heat transfer medium 30 can the heat transfer chamber 10 through the transmission medium output 34 leave. In this embodiment, at the transmission means output 34 a separator 38 arranged, which can perform two functions. On the one hand, the separator 38 the heat transfer medium 30 from the fluid 22 separate so that the heat transfer medium 30 in a circulatory system again the heat transfer chamber 10 can be supplied and not with the fluid 22 get lost. Furthermore, the separator 38 also the heat transfer medium 30 clean or separate from dirt and impurities. This feature is supported by a further aspect of the invention.

fluids 22 can heat exchangers 2 contaminate quite generally, for example, when deposits or sediments in the heat exchanger form residues of the fluid. For example, in the case of exhaust gases 22a and flue gases 22b These can be soot, dust and other impurities that sometimes tarry over the surface 40 can distribute and the thermal conductivity of the surface 40 can worsen and thus increase the heat transfer resistance. Although the formation of deposits by means of a forced flow can be reduced, but this requires additional installations and costs for the operation of the forced flow, such as electricity costs for a fan. Such deposits and contaminants are also the regular maintenance and cleaning of a heat exchanger 2 make necessary, in addition to the process costs for maintenance or cleaning cause additional downtime of the plant and thus deteriorate the overall economic balance of the process.

The invention is also able to solve this problem, since the heat transfer medium 30 when moving through the heat transfer chamber 10 not only allow a heat transfer, but also a cleaning process of the swept areas, in particular the transfer surface or surface 40 , for example, by abrasion, perform. This "self-cleaning" through continuous surface abrasion is achieved, for example, by rolling the balls over the surfaces and rubbing each other. Contaminants such as carbon (soot) or mineral compounds such as silicates, sulfates, carbonates can escape from the heat transfer chamber 10 by means of the separator 38 first with the heat transfer means 30 discharged and afterwards on a sifter device 39 , for example a cross-flow air classifier, from the particulate heat transfer means 30 be separated. This helps to reduce or avoid downtime through cleaning cycles.

In the embodiment shown the 2 are at the bottom of the surfaces 40 secondary-side heat exchanger tubes 50 in thermal contact with the surface 40 arranged, ie, for example, welded or soldered. Through the heat exchanger tubes 50 the secondary fluid flows 52 , bringing the heat energy from the heat exchanger 2 is deductible. The surfaces 40 are so in the heat transfer chamber 10 arranged that the heat transfer medium 30 along the surfaces 40 are movable. At the heat transfer means 30 For example, they are steel balls that are on the surfaces 40 can roll, for example, with a diameter of about 1 millimeter, preferably 1 to 5 millimeters.

The shape of the heat transfer medium 30 can be selected based on various parameters, for example, cylindrical geometries such as rollers or irregular particle geometries such as sand or gravel are available. However, artificial particle systems such as hollow bodies or solid bodies can also be used. In principle, the storage of thermal energy brings in near-surface layers of the heat transfer medium 30 the best results, since when stored in the particle interior latencies in terms of heat absorption and release result. As materials are those with good heat conduction properties and / or high resistance to abrasion and / or against chemically aggressive fluid ingredients (eg auskondensierbare acids) on. For example, stainless steels, aluminum, copper or chemically inert ceramics would be materials for the heat transfer medium 30 ,

In operation of the in 2 shown heat exchanger penetrate the heat transfer medium 30 through the transmission medium input 32 in the heat transfer chamber 10 one. The fluid 22 flows through the inlet opening 12 and is from a first thermo sheet 40a distracted so that the fluid 22 substantially parallel to the heat transfer means 30 flows. At a deflection gap, the fluid flows 22 free around the heat transfer medium 30 , it results in a particularly intense heat energy exchange.

The heat energy is transferred from the heat transfer means by contact surface heat transfer to the surfaces 40 transfer. The surfaces 40 in turn, transfer the heat energy to the secondary side 50 and to the secondary fluid 52 for removal from the heat exchanger 2 ,

At a narrowing site 16 forms from the fluid 22 , the heat transfer means 30 and optionally impurities a fluid-heat transfer agent mixture 24 , wherein the heat transfer medium 30 (And possibly the impurities) with the flow of the fluid 22 be transported. At the separator 38 become the heat transfer medium 30 from the fluid 22 caught, so from the fluid 22 separates the fluid 22 leaves the heat transfer chamber 10 through the outlet opening 14 ,

Heat transfer medium 30 and impurities can be separated in the classifier, so that afterwards at the transmission medium output 34 again pure heat transfer medium 30 be available.

In a particular embodiment, the heat transfer means 30 after separation on one of the heat transfer chamber 10 separate surface 40 arrive and while moving on the surface 40 the heat energy with the surface 40 change. In other words, part of or the entire surface 40 of the heat exchanger 2 within the heat transfer chamber 10 be arranged and / or a part of or the entire surface 40 outside the heat transfer chamber 10 ,

This works well with the in 1 shown arrangement of the surfaces 40 within the heat transfer chamber 10 combine so that the heat transfer medium 30 initially a portion of the heat energy within the heat transfer chamber 10 with the surface and another part (the "rest") of the heat energy of the heat transfer chamber 10 downstream with another surface 40 of the heat exchanger 2 change. As a result, the overall efficiency of the heat exchanger 2 be further improved.

Finally, the heat transfer means are via a heat transfer medium lift 18 , For example, a screw conveyor, again the transmission medium input 32 supplied and stand for reuse in the heat transfer chamber 10 ready.

The lifting work, for example, for the Wärmeübertragungsmittelaufzug 18 for the heat transfer medium 30 can be classified as low. In experiments, this could be estimated to be 0.05% of the heat transfer performance.

3 shows a further embodiment of the invention. An exhaust 22a flows through the side inlet opening 12 in the upright, similar to a chimney, arranged heat transfer chamber 10 , The exhaust 22a rises independently, being the heat transfer chamber 10 in the direction of the upper-side outlet opening 14 flows through. In the heat transfer chamber 10 are the heat transfer agents 30 through the lateral transmission medium input 32 fillable. The heat transfer medium 30 be through flow breaker 36 , in this case a plurality of superposed flow breaker 36 , disturbed in their free path (free fall), leaving the heat transfer medium 30 a longer period of time with the exhaust gas 22a interact and exchange heat energy, especially the exhaust gas 22a Remove heat energy.

The transfer of heat energy to the surface of the heat exchanger does not have to be instantaneous, but may be localized if deemed convenient for the design of the apparatus. So can - as in 3 shown - in the modified exhaust pipe 10 heated particles 30 either in the lower part of the pipe 10 fall into a pipe or other container section in which the example as plates 40 executed heat exchanger to the secondary side 50 to find oneself. The particles 30 then can about these plates 40 roll or slide. Conveniently, the particles can be 30 in the field of plates 40 damming and thus a longer residence time on the plate surface 40 to have.

Among other things, the preferred design results from the mechanical properties of the particles 30 such as rolling resistance or tendency to stall. The exhaust pipe 10 itself can for the purpose of reducing the pressure loss by the fluid flowing through 22 changed in its cross section - preferably extended - be. The shape can also be changed for the favorable use of components. As an embodiment, a rectangular construction is called.

4 shows still another embodiment of the invention, wherein in the heat transfer chamber 10 several flow breakers 36 The balls are arranged on the free path through the heat transfer chamber 10 disturb, and further with outside the heat transfer chamber 10 arranged surfaces 40 , The heat transfer chamber 10 is here as a vertical pipe 10 executed. The heat transfer medium 30 become through the lateral transfer medium entrance 32 in the pipe 10 filled where they are on the flow breaker 36 , ie sieving time-prolonging sieves 36 , hit. Some of the heat transfer agents 30 such as bullets 30 , hit the lattice of a lingering sieve 36 , bounce back and thus put a total of a longer distance in the tube 10 back, or set the path through the pipe in the direction of the transmission means output 34 slower back. At the separator 38 , a sieve element 38 , which is so close-knit that the heat transfer medium 30 be caught, get the balls 30 finally through the transmission medium output 34 out of the pipe 10 out. Maybe in the tube 10 Accumulating dirt or soot passes through the separator 38 and falls on a flow-calming bulge of the heat transfer chamber 10 out.

The balls 30 finally give the tube 10 Downstream their heat energy to the surfaces 40 , in this case plate heat exchanger 40 , from. Afterwards, the heat transfer medium 30 over the heat transfer medium elevator 18 again the transmission medium input 32 be supplied.

5 shows a further embodiment of the invention, wherein a fluid 22 laterally into the heat transfer chamber 10 , in this case a vertical pipe 10 , is introduced. The fluid, such as a hot exhaust gas 22a , rises in the pipe 10 due to density differences independently in the direction of the outlet opening 14 on. At a side transmission entrance 32 are heat transfer agents 30 in the pipe 10 insertable. In the pipe 10 located heat transfer medium 30 falling down by gravity, taking it from the baffles 36 be hampered in the movement. After the extended residence time in the tube 10 become the heat transfer medium 30 from the separator 38 laterally out of the pipe 10 led out. Outside the heat transfer chamber 10 transfer the heat transfer medium 30 the from the fluid 22 absorbed heat energy to plates 40 , where the plates as delay lines 42 are arranged so that the heat transfer medium 30 following gravity on the plates 40 move along.

An exemplary dimensioning of the calculation of the heat transfer surfaces and the individual installation components for the desired heat transfer coefficient of 500 W / (m ² K) will be described with reference to the following figures. A conventional heat transfer value is 25 W / (m ² K) and is to be improved to 500 W / (m ² K), which corresponds to a factor of 20.

The previous effective transfer area 40 for thermal energy was 100 m ² , and can now be reduced to 5 m ² . The following examples for roller conveyor widths of 20, 30 or 40 cm clearly show which requires only small dimensions of an inventive heat exchanger for the same heat yield, as they are a previous heat exchanger with 100 m ² thermally effective surface 40 possessed. feature unit Example 1 Ex. 2 Example 3 transfer surface m ² 5.0 5.0 5.0 Roller conveyor width cm 20 30 40 Roller conveyor length m 24.8 16.7 12.4 Thermo sheet width m 0.2 0.3 0.4 Thermo sheet length m 0.5 0.5 0.5 Number of thermal sheets stk 49.6 33.3 24.8 Gap deflection m 0.3 0.3 0.3 Wide roller conveyor m 0.8 0.8 0.8 Length of roller conveyor m 24.8 16.8 12.4 Height total m 7.4 5.0 3.7 Table 1: Calculation of the heat transfer surface and the individual installation components for the heat transfer coefficient of 500 W / (m ² K) intended for this project

In summary, an invention is presented which determines the yield of heat energy from a fluid 22 can improve by the heat transfer from the fluid 22 via heat transfer medium 30 to a surface 40 is realized. At the crucial point, namely the transfer of heat to or from the gas, provide the heat transfer medium 30 a large surface for heat transfer. So 1 m ³ balls of 1mm diameter has a total surface area of about 60,000 m ² , which is virtually impossible to realize with conventional heat exchangers. This can further increase the yield of the plant and in particular the size of a heat exchanger 2 reduce by a factor of 10 to 30.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the above-described embodiments are to be read by way of example, and that the invention is not limited thereto, but that it can be varied in many ways without departing from the scope of the claims. It is also to be understood that the features, independently as they are disclosed in the specification, claims, figures, or otherwise, also individually define essential components of the invention, even if described together with other features.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2

heat exchangers

10

Heat transfer chamber

12

inlet port

14

outlet

16

constriction

18

Heat transfer medium lift

20

primary

22

fluid

22a

exhaust

22b

flue gas

24

Fluid heat transfer agent mixture

30

Heat transfer medium

32

Transmission means input

34

Transmission means output

36

baffles

38

separator

40

Surface of the heat exchanger

40a

thermoshelf

42

delay path

50

secondary side

52

secondary fluid

Claims (15)

Heat exchanger ( 2 ) for transmitting heat energy, comprising: a primary side ( 20 ) for transferring heat energy between a heat exchanger ( 2 ) flowing through fluid ( 22 . 22a . 22b ) and a surface ( 40 . 40a ) of the heat exchanger ( 2 ), a primary-side heat transfer chamber ( 10 ) with an inlet opening ( 12 ), through which the fluid ( 22 . 22a . 22b ) in the heat transfer chamber ( 10 ) of the heat exchanger ( 2 ) and with an outlet opening ( 14 ), through which the fluid ( 22 . 22a . 22b ) the heat transfer chamber ( 10 ), primary heat transfer medium ( 30 ), the heat transfer between the fluid ( 22 . 22a . 22b ) and the surface ( 40 . 40a ) of the heat exchanger ( 2 ), wherein during operation of the heat exchanger ( 2 ) on the primary side, the heat energy between the fluid ( 22 . 22a . 22b ) and the heat transfer means ( 30 ) is exchangeable and wherein the heat transfer means ( 30 ) are movable in such a way that during operation of the heat exchanger ( 2 ) in the heat transfer chamber ( 10 ) and the heat energy in the heat transfer chamber ( 10 ) with the fluid ( 22 . 22a . 22b ) change. Heat exchanger ( 2 ) according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger ( 2 ) the primary side ( 20 ) for introducing the heat energy into the heat exchanger ( 2 ) and one from the primary side ( 20 ) separate secondary side ( 50 ) for removing the heat energy from the heat exchanger ( 2 ) and / or wherein the heat exchanger is one of the fluid ( 22 . 22a . 22b ) separated secondary fluid ( 52 ). Heat exchanger ( 2 ) according to the preceding claim, wherein on the primary side ( 20 ) the heat energy in the heat exchanger ( 2 ) by means of the fluid ( 22 . 22a . 22b ) and on the secondary side ( 50 ) the heat energy from the heat exchanger ( 2 ) by means of the secondary fluid ( 52 ) is dissipatable. Heat exchanger ( 2 ) according to the preceding claim, wherein the secondary fluid ( 52 ) along the surface ( 40 . 40a ) of the heat exchanger ( 2 ) can flow, so that the heat energy between the surface ( 40 . 40a ) of the heat exchanger ( 2 ) and the secondary fluid ( 52 ) is directly interchangeable. Heat exchanger ( 2 ) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the heat transfer chamber ( 10 ) is constructed such that the movable heat transfer means ( 30 ), in particular driven by gravity, through the heat transfer chamber ( 10 ) are movable, in particular falling or rollable, and wherein the heat transfer chamber ( 10 ) is further configured such that the mobile transmission means ( 30 ) when moving through the heat transfer chamber ( 10 ) of the fluid ( 22 . 22a . 22b ) are flowed around, so that these with a large part of their surface with the fluid ( 22 . 22a . 22b ) exchange the heat energy. Heat exchanger ( 2 ) according to the preceding claim, wherein the heat transfer chamber ( 10 ) Delay lines ( 42 ) has such that the movable heat transfer means ( 30 ) along the delay lines ( 42 ) are movable so that the movable heat transfer means ( 30 ) of the fluid ( 22 . 22a . 22b ) A larger time span can be flowed around and thus the heat energy exchange is intensified. Heat exchanger ( 2 ) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the movable heat transfer means comprises a particulate heat transfer medium for transferring heat energy between the fluid ( 22 . 22a . 22b ) and the surface ( 40 . 40a ) of the heat exchanger ( 2 ). Heat exchanger ( 2 ) according to the preceding claim, wherein the disperse heat transport medium comprises particulate solids, in particular steel balls, steel rollers, hollow spheres, grains of sand or other granules. Heat exchanger ( 2 ) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the heat transfer chamber ( 10 ) a transmission medium input ( 32 ), by which the movable heat transfer means ( 30 ) in the heat transfer chamber ( 10 ) of the heat exchanger ( 2 ) are insertable, in particular fillable, and / or wherein the heat transfer chamber ( 10 ) a transmission medium output ( 34 ), by which the movable heat transfer means ( 30 ) the heat transfer chamber ( 10 ) being able to leave. Heat exchanger ( 2 ) according to the preceding claim, with a to the transmission means output ( 34 ) connected heat transfer medium elevator ( 18 ), which is adapted to heat transfer means ( 30 ) automatically from the transmission medium output ( 34 ) to the transmission medium input ( 32 ) to transport. Heat exchanger ( 2 ) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the surface ( 40 . 40a ) of the heat exchanger ( 2 ) away from the heat transfer chamber ( 10 ) is arranged so that the movable heat transfer means ( 30 ) the heat energy from the heat transfer chamber ( 10 ) out to the surface ( 40 . 40a ) or from the surface ( 40 . 40a ) in the heat transfer chamber ( 10 ) or where the surface ( 40 . 40a ) of the heat exchanger ( 2 ) Part of the heat transfer chamber ( 10 ) and is arranged such that the movable heat transfer means ( 30 ) on the surface ( 40 . 40a ) and heat transfer by contact surface heat transfer with the surface ( 40 . 40a ) cause. Method for exchanging heat energy in a heat transfer chamber ( 10 ) of a heat exchanger ( 2 ), comprising the steps of: providing mobile heat transfer means ( 30 ) in the heat transfer chamber, inflow of a fluid ( 22 . 22a . 22b ) in the heat transfer chamber ( 10 ), the fluid ( 22 . 22a . 22b ) the movable heat transfer means ( 30 ) in the heat transfer chamber ( 10 ) flows around, transfer of heat energy between the fluid ( 22 . 22a . 22b ) and the movable heat transfer means ( 30 ), while the movable heat transfer means ( 30 ) of the fluid ( 22 . 22a . 22b ), flowing out of the fluid ( 22 . 22a . 22b ) from the heat transfer chamber ( 10 ), Transfer of heat energy between the movable heat transfer means ( 30 ) and a surface ( 40 . 40a ) of the heat exchanger ( 2 ). A method of exchanging thermal energy according to the preceding claim, further comprising the steps of providing a secondary fluid ( 52 ) outside the heat transfer chamber ( 10 ) on the surface ( 40 . 40a ) of the heat exchanger ( 2 ), Transfer of heat energy between the surface ( 40 . 40a ) of the heat exchanger ( 10 ) and the secondary fluid ( 52 ). A method of exchanging heat energy according to either one of the preceding claims, further comprising the steps of: discharging the mobile heat transfer means ( 30 ) from the heat transfer chamber ( 10 ), Transport of the movable heat transfer means ( 30 ) to the surface ( 40 . 40a ) of the heat exchanger ( 2 ) for transferring the heat energy between the movable heat transfer means ( 30 ) and the surface ( 40 . 40a ) of the heat exchanger ( 2 ), Return transport of the movable heat transfer means ( 30 ) to the heat transfer chamber ( 10 ) and inlet thereof into the heat transfer chamber ( 10 ). Exhaust gas heat exchanger ( 2 ) for removing heat energy from a heat exchanger ( 2 ) flowing through the exhaust gas ( 22 . 22a . 22b ) comprising: a heat transfer chamber ( 10 ) with an inlet opening ( 12 ) through which the exhaust gas ( 22 . 22a . 22b ) in the heat transfer chamber ( 10 ) of the heat exchanger ( 2 ), with an outlet opening ( 14 ) through which the exhaust gas ( 22 . 22a . 22b ) the heat transfer chamber ( 10 ) and with a surface ( 40 . 40a ) of the heat exchanger ( 2 ), movable heat transfer means ( 30 ), which the exhaust ( 22 . 22a . 22b ) Can remove heat energy by the moving heat transfer means ( 30 ) in the heat transfer chamber ( 10 ) of the exhaust gas ( 22 . 22a . 22b ), wherein the heat transfer chamber ( 10 ) Delay lines ( 42 ), which are formed such that the movable heat transfer means ( 30 ) along the delay lines ( 42 ) are movable wherein the movable heat transfer means ( 30 ) during operation of the exhaust gas heat exchanger ( 2 ) of the exhaust gas ( 22 . 22a . 22b ) and wherein the movable heat transfer means ( 30 ) during operation of the exhaust gas heat exchanger ( 2 ) with contact to the surface ( 40 . 40a ) of the heat exchanger ( 2 ) and thereby heat energy to the surface ( 40 . 40a ) transmitted by contact surface heat transfer.

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