DE102014018706A1 - Battery and vehicle with a battery - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery (3) which comprises a predetermined number of individual cells (1) connected in parallel and / or in series with one another and central battery electronics (4) for monitoring the individual cells (1). According to the invention, an integrated cell electronics (2) for monitoring the associated individual cell (1) is provided for each individual cell (1), wherein the respective integrated cell electronics (2) can be coupled to the central battery electronics (4). Furthermore, the invention relates to a vehicle with such a battery (3).

Description

The invention relates to a battery which comprises a predetermined number of parallel and / or series-connected individual cells and a battery electronics for monitoring the individual cells. The invention further relates to a vehicle with such a battery.

Batteries for vehicle applications, in particular for electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles and / or fuel cell-powered vehicles, or for stationary applications, such as electricity supplier and power storage, comprise a number of connected in series and / or parallel single cells and battery electronics for monitoring the individual cells. For the electrical connection of the individual cells, these are connected by means of electrically conductive cell connectors. Electric poles of the individual cells can be fastened to one another by means of material and / or positive locking methods. In addition, the respective cell pole or each cell connector is connected to a cell electronics for cell voltage measurement and monitoring and for charge balance between the individual cells, the cell electronics is designed as a board and assigned to a predetermined number of individual cells. Individual voltage signals can be fed via conductor tracks to a connecting element which is connected in a wired manner to the battery electronics.

The invention has for its object to provide a comparison with the prior art improved battery with a predetermined number of parallel and / or serially interconnected single cells and a battery electronics for monitoring and an improved vehicle with such a battery.

The object is achieved in terms of the battery by the in claim 1 and in terms of the vehicle by the features specified in claim 10.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

A battery comprises a predetermined number of parallel and / or series interconnected individual cells and a central battery electronics for monitoring the individual cells. According to the invention, the battery per individual cell comprises integrated cell electronics for monitoring the associated individual cell, wherein the respective integrated cell electronics can be coupled to the central battery electronics.

The cell-integrated arrangement of the cell electronics, a space requirement and also an assembly cost of the battery are reduced, whereby a cost savings in terms of the production of the battery can be achieved.

Moreover, it is not necessary by means of the solution according to the invention to make and adapt a board known from the prior art and intended for monitoring, for example for cell voltage measurement, as a function of the number of individual cells.

In one possible embodiment, the respective integrated cell electronics is arranged directly on or in the respective individual cell, the cell electronics being connected to the central battery electronics arranged outside the individual cell.

In one possible embodiment, the cell electronics for monitoring with the battery electronics is wirelessly connected. As a result, a cabling effort can be eliminated in a particularly advantageous manner, whereby an assembly time and thus in turn costs can be saved. In addition, at least the risk of mechanical damage to a wiring for signal transmission between the respective individual cell and the battery electronics is reduced by means of the wireless connection.

In particular, a cell voltage determined as part of the monitoring by means of the cell electronics can be transmitted wirelessly to the battery electronics by means of radio waves, ultrasound and / or infrared waves, bidirectional signal transmission, for example for the transmission of instructions, being possible.

Each individual cell is or is associated with a specific frequency and / or wavelength and / or transmission and reception time coded for signal transmission in order to be able to unambiguously assign transmitted signals between the respective cell electronics and the battery electronics.

The cell electronics for cell-related monitoring is provided in a further possible embodiment in addition to the passive charge balance. By means of the passive charge compensation, it is particularly advantageous possible to exclude an overload of individual cells as far as possible, so that a lifetime, especially of non-overloadable single cells, can be increased. In the context of passive charge equalization, the individual cells can be discharged with a relatively high state of charge, with their discharged energy being able to be supplied to individual cells with a lower charge state until all individual cells have substantially the same state of charge.

In a further development, the cell electronics comprises contact elements and a housing in which a correspondingly configured electronics for cell monitoring, in particular for cell voltage measurement and charge equalization, is arranged, wherein in each case a contact element is connected to a trap of the single cell.

In a possible embodiment of the cell electronics, the contact elements, in particular for positive fixing to the arresters, are designed in the shape of a clamp. By means of the clamp-shaped design, it is possible, in particular, to pre-fix it to the arresters, so that handling, for example, for the cohesive arrangement of the cell electronics on the arresters, is simplified.

In addition, the cell electronics on the cohesive connection between the cell poles forming arresters of the single cell is held firmly, with an unwanted loosening can be largely excluded.

In a further possible embodiment, the contact elements are firmly bonded to the arresters, wherein the cohesive connection is relatively easy to produce due to the prefixing.

In addition, the invention relates to a vehicle with such a battery.

Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to drawings.

Showing:

1 schematically a block diagram of an integrated cell electronics for cell voltage measurement and / or for charge compensation,

2 schematically a schematic diagram of electrically interconnected single cells each with cell-integrated cell electronics for cell voltage measurement and a coupled with the cell electronics of the individual cells battery electronics,

3 schematically a perspective view of a cell electronics for cell voltage measurement,

4 1 is a schematic perspective view of an exploded view of a single cell with cell-integrated, in particular internal, cell electronics,

5 1 is a perspective view of a partially assembled single cell with cell-integrated, in particular internal, cell electronics,

6 1 is a schematic perspective view of an enlarged detail of a single cell with cell-integrated, in particular internal, cell electronics;

7 schematically a perspective view of a single cell in the assembled state,

8th schematically a sectional view of the single cell with cell-integrated, in particular internal, cell electronics,

9 FIG. 2 schematically, an enlarged detail of the sectional view of the single cell with cell-integrated, in particular internal, cell electronics, FIG.

10 schematically a perspective view of a single cell with cell-integrated, in particular external or external, cell electronics and

11 schematically a perspective view of an enlarged section of the single cell with cell-integrated, in particular external or external adjacent cell electronics.

Corresponding parts are provided in all figures with the same reference numerals.

1 shows a block diagram of a single cell 1 with a cell-integrated cell electronics 2 for cell voltage measurement and / or for passive charge compensation.

The single cell 1 includes a plus pole 1.1 and a negative pole 1.2 , hereinafter referred to as cell poles 1.1 . 1.2 referred to with the cell electronics 2 are connected, the cell electronics 2 in a housing shown with a dashed line 2.1 is arranged.

The cell electronics 2 comprises a cell voltage measuring unit 2.2 , which is a cell voltage of the single cell 1 detected for cell monitoring, wherein the cell voltage measuring unit 2.2 with a control element 2.3 with a transmitter and a receiver or with a modulator and a demodulator as transmitting and receiving unit 2.4 connected is.

The control element 2.3 is still with a switchable resistor 2.5 coupled, which is so within the single cell 1 is arranged that this in turn thermally with a component of the single cell 1 is coupled, which is tempered, in particular coolable, is.

The resistance 2.5 is for passive charge balancing between single cells 1 one in 2 by means of another schematic diagram illustrated battery 3 intended.

The battery 3 In particular, it is a vehicle battery, ie, a traction battery, for an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or a fuel cell-powered vehicle.

In detail shows 2 six individual cells electrically connected in series 1 , each one such in 1 described cell electronics 2 include, their respective transmitting and receiving unit 2.4 wireless with a central battery electronics 4 connected is.

The means of the respective cell voltage measuring unit 2.2 detected signals of the corresponding single cell 1 are by means of the transmitting and receiving unit 2.4 wirelessly via radio, ultrasonic and / or infrared waves to the battery electronics 4 transferable.

The cell voltages determined on the basis of the detected signals are compared with one another, whereby by means of the battery electronics 4 for comparatively large differences in cell voltages over the wireless link, an instruction for so-called passive charge balancing to the single cells 1 is sent with relatively high cell voltage.

By passive charge balancing, ie passive balancing, it is to be understood that in particular in the case of non-overloadable single cells 1 , the single cells 1 be discharged to a lower cell voltage with relatively high cell voltage. The extracted electrical energy is the single cells 1 be fed with relatively low cell voltage, so that the individual cells 1 the battery 3 have substantially the same cell voltage and in particular a same state of charge.

In passive charge balancing are only the single cells 1 with a highest cell voltage or a highest state of charge via the switchable resistor 2.5 dischargeable by a predetermined amount until all the individual cells 1 the battery 3 have largely the same cell voltage or the same state of charge.

To the battery electronics 4 transmitted signals of the individual cells 1 To assign, the signals are coded accordingly. This is every single cell 1 a transmitting and receiving unit 2.4 assigned. Alternatively or additionally, each individual cell 1 associated with a particular frequency and / or wavelength.

Again alternatively or additionally, it may be provided that each individual cell 1 for monitoring only their cell voltage to the battery electronics 4 transmitted and the passive charge compensation without an additional signal when exceeding a certain predetermined voltage value by means of the cell electronics 2 itself is vornehmbar. In this case, the wireless connection is a one-way connection.

The switchable resistor 2.5 the cell electronics 2 the respective single cell 1 is, as described above, thermally with a component of the single cell 1 coupled, which can be tempered, in particular cooled, is. For temperature control, a temperature control, not shown, is provided which thermally with the individual cells 1 connected so that the switchable resistor 2.5 , which heats up during passive charge equalization, via the temperature control device and the single cell 1 is coolable.

For example, the thermal coupling between the cell poles takes place 1.1 . 1.2 and the resistance 2.5 in a Zellpolkühlung or via a connection of the resistor 2.5 to a in ua in 7 illustrated cell housing 1.3 at temperature, in particular cooling of the single cell 1 over the cell case 1.3 ,

In addition, it can be provided that the cell electronics 2 additional sensors, eg. As temperature and / or pressure sensors includes, whose detected signals of the central battery electronics 4 are additionally fed.

As a further possibility for information transmission between the respective cell electronics 2 and the battery electronics 4 a modulation of signals to an already existing current path, in particular high-voltage current path, can be provided.

3 shows a perspective view of the battery with the electronics 4 coupled cell electronics 2 for monitoring a single single cell 1 ,

The cell electronics 2 with the cell voltage measuring unit 2.2 , the transmitting and receiving unit 2.4 as well as the switchable resistor 2.5 is in the case 2.1 protected arranged.

The in the case 2.1 arranged cell electronics 2 is with two of the case 2.1 laterally projecting contact elements 2.6 connected, whose free ends 2.6 .1 are clamp-shaped.

A contact element 2.6 is one with a cell pole 1.1 . 1.2 forming arrester of the single cell 1 connected. On the one hand serve the contact elements 2.6 a coupling of the cell electronics with the cell poles 1.1 . 1.2 and on the other hand for heat dissipation of the resistor 2.5 ,

A perspective view of an exploded view of a single cell 1 is in 4 shown. The single cell 1 is designed as a so-called pouch cell whose electrochemical content of a film 1.4 is enclosed, wherein the cell poles 1.1 . 1.2 forming arrester made of sheet metal on a narrow side of the cell housing 1.3 forming film 1.4 led out.

The electrochemically active content comprises an electrode foil assembly 1.5 , which can be designed as a stack and / or winding. The electrode foil arrangement 1.5 consists of layers of cathode foils and anode foils, which are each electrically isolated from each other by means of a separator.

The cathode foils and anode foils are uncoated on at least one edge and protrude as flags 1.5 .1 from the electrode foil assembly 1.5 out, with electrode films of one polarity connected to each other, ie, stapled to each other are.

These flags 1.5 .1 are with the cell poles 1.1 . 1.2 forming arresters, z. B. by ultrasonic welding and / or laser welding, connectable, wherein after filling an electrolyte, the film 1.4 under prevailing negative pressure, in particular in a hot pressing process, is closed. This is an inside of the film 1.4 coated with a thermoplastic, which is used to seal the single cell 1 at least partially melted.

The arresters are electrically insulated from the film by means of a sealed seam 1.4 led out and serve as cell poles 1.1 . 1.2 a Stromein- and a current outlet of the single cell 1 ,

As described above, there is the cell electronics 2 in the case 2.1 and is about the two contact elements 2.6 with the cell poles 1.1 . 1.2 connected to forming arresters, as in the 5 and 6 is shown in more detail.

The clamp-shaped design of the free ends 2.6.1 serves to facilitate prefixing of cell electronics 2 at the cell poles 1.1 . 1.2 , which are then connected by means of ultrasonic welding and / or laser welding cohesively with each other.

5 shows a perspective view of a partially assembled single cell 1 with the cell electronics 2 to monitor the same and in 6 is a perspective view of an enlarged detail of the single cell 1 in the area of the cell poles 1.1 . 1.2 shown.

The single cell 1 in the fully assembled state and a cell-integrated, in particular internally arranged or internal, cell electronics 2 for monitoring is in a perspective view in 7 shown in more detail.

8th shows a sectional view of the single cell 1 with arranged in this cell electronics 2 and in 9 is an enlarged section of the sectional view according to 8th in the field of cell-integrated cell electronics 2 for monitoring the single cell 1 shown.

The 10 and 11 show a further embodiment of the arrangement of the cell-integrated cell electronics 2 for monitoring the single cell 1 ,

In the present embodiment according to the 10 and 11 is the cell electronics 2 outside on the single cell 1 arranged.

In particular, the cell electronics 2 outside of the film 1.4 formed cell housing 1.3 at the cell poles 1.1 . 1.2 firmly attached.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

single cell

1.1

positive pole

1.2

minuspol

1.3

cell case

1.4

foil

1.5

Electrode foil arrangement

1.5.1

Banner, flag

2

cell electronics

2.1

casing

2.2

Cell voltage measuring unit

2.3

control element

2.4

Transmitting and receiving unit

2.5

resistance

2.6

contact element

2.6.1

free end

3

battery

4

battery electronics

Claims (10)

Battery ( 3 ), comprising a predetermined number of parallel and / or serially interconnected single cells ( 1 ) and a central battery electronics ( 4 ) for monitoring the individual cells ( 1 ), characterized in that each individual cell ( 1 ) an integrated cell electronics ( 2 ) for monitoring the associated individual cell ( 1 ) is provided, wherein the respective integrated cell electronics ( 2 ) with the central battery electronics ( 4 ) can be coupled. Battery ( 3 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the integrated cell electronics ( 2 ) for monitoring with the battery electronics ( 4 ) is wirelessly connected. Battery ( 3 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a means of the integrated cell electronics ( 2 ) detected cell voltage by means of radio, ultrasonic and / or infrared waves to the battery electronics ( 4 ) is transferable. Battery ( 3 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each individual cell ( 1 ) a particular frequency and / or wavelength and / or transmitting and receiving unit ( 2.4 ) are assigned to signal transmission or is. Battery ( 3 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the integrated cell electronics ( 2 ) is equipped and provided for passive charge equalization. Battery ( 3 ) according to claim 5, characterized in that a resistor ( 2.5 ) for passive charge compensation thermally with at least one component of the single cell ( 1 ) is coupled. Battery ( 3 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the integrated cell electronics ( 2 ) Contact elements ( 2.6 ) and in a housing ( 2.1 ) is arranged, wherein in each case a contact element ( 2.6 ) with a trap of the single cell ( 1 ) connected is. Battery ( 3 ) according to claim 7, characterized in that the contact elements ( 2.6 ), in particular for the positive fixing to the arresters, are clamp-shaped. Battery ( 3 ) according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the contact elements ( 2.6 ) are firmly bonded to the arresters. Vehicle with a battery ( 3 ) according to any one of the preceding claims.

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