DE102014011646A1 - Biomass drying plant for drying biomass and process for drying biomass - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a biomass dryer system for drying biomass with a traversed by a heating medium dryer 12, the dryer 12 is connected to an exhaust system 14 of a combined heat and power plant 16, wherein the heating medium is the exhaust gas of the combined heat and power plant 16, wherein the heating medium the dryer 12 leaves as exhaust air, wherein an air scrubber 18 is provided for cleaning the exhaust air of the dryer 12. Furthermore, various methods are proposed for operating a biomass dryer plant as well as a corresponding computer program product for use in a biomass dryer plant.

Description

The invention relates to a biomass dryer plant for drying biomass with a dryer through which a heating medium flows, various methods for determining the degree of drying of biomass, a method for drying biomass and a computer program product.

From the state of the art biomass dryer plants with dryers are known in which biomass are flushed with air. For example, the air may be heated via a heat exchanger before the air is introduced into the dryer.

From the DE 20 2009 014 971 U1 For example, a biomass dryer plant for drying bulk material is known. The bulk material may include, for example, cereals or other agricultural products. For drying the bulk material, a heating medium is used. The heating medium flows through a drum dryer. The drum dryer is connected to a combined heat and power plant, so that the exhaust gases of the combined heat and power plant are passed as heating medium through the drum dryer.

From the DE 10 2010 007 035 B4 a biogas plant and a method for producing a solid fuel is known. The biogas plant comprises a biogas reactor in the form of a dry fermenter for the production of biogas and a digestate. The biogas produced is burned in a gas turbine and the exhaust gases of the gas turbine can be passed directly into the digestate drying device, so that a large part of the water in the fermentation residue evaporates or evaporates and the exhaust gas cools and enriches with water vapor.

From the DE 10 2012 003 463 A1 For example, a thermal gasifier having a drying chamber for drying supplied material and a pyrolysis chamber for partially blending the predried material is known. By means of the waste heat of the carburetor, the drying in the drying chamber can take place, wherein the waste heat is conducted into the drying chamber.

The object of the invention is to provide a biomass dryer system and method for drying biomass with improved flow guidance and more uniform drying of the biomass.

This object is achieved by a biomass dryer plant having the features of claim 1, a method having the features of claim 8, a method having the features of claim 9, a method having the features of claim 13 and by a computer program product having the features of claim 14 solved. Advantageous embodiments and further developments are specified in the respective dependent claims. The features specified in each case from the claims, the figures and in the description can be linked to further developments in general as well as specifically with other features. In particular, the examples given are not to be interpreted restrictively with their respective features. Rather, the features specified there can also be linked to other features from other examples or from the general description.

The invention relates to a biomass dryer system for drying biomass with a dryer through which a heating medium flows, wherein the dryer is connected to an exhaust system of a combined heat and power plant, wherein the heating medium is the exhaust gas of the combined heat and power plant, wherein the heating medium leaves the dryer as exhaust air and an air washer is provided for cleaning the exhaust air of the dryer.

The term biomass here describes any mass that has been produced in a biological way, for example foods such as grain or wheat, resulting excretions of living things, such as manure or manure, or unused food residues, such as waste from a cafeteria, or non-recyclable plant remains, like hay or straw. Preferably, the biomass can be obtained from digestate, for example from food waste, corn, green waste and compost.

The term combined heat and power plant here describes a modular system for the production of electrical energy and heat, which is preferably operated at the place of heat consumption, but can also feed useful heat into a district heating network. It uses the principle of combined heat and power or combined heat and power. The combined heat and power plant can be designed with a power of 100 kW to 1000 kW, preferably with a power of 300 kW to 500 kW. As drive for the power generator, an internal combustion engine such as a diesel, a vegetable oil and / or a gas engine, but also a gas turbine, a fuel cell or even a Stirling engine can be used. Also, different drives can be combined. For example, can be covered with such a combined heat and power plant, a power supply, so that overproduction can be stored or fed into a public grid, for example. Also, for example, the biomass dryer system or a device thereof, for example, the transport device or other parts of the biomass dryer system, electrically operated. Preferably, a circuit device is provided which decides whether self-consumption of the electric power generated by the combined heat and power plant is better than feeding the electricity into a public power grid, in particular by using the respective remuneration. The heat is primarily used for heating purposes and for hot water, but can also be used for a process step of a device to be operated, in particular the biomass dryer system.

The term air scrubber describes a process engineering apparatus in which a gas stream is contacted with a liquid stream to receive components of the gas stream in the liquid. The passing components of the gas stream may be solid, liquid or gaseous substances. As a washing liquid pure solvents such as water, but also suspensions such as milk of lime in a flue gas desulfurization can be used

By direct introduction of the heating medium in the dryer, the space required for a heat exchanger can be reduced. In this way, a more compact biomass dryer plant can be provided. Furthermore, the elimination of a heat exchanger also reduces the investment required for the biomass dryer system. The energy losses associated with the heat exchange can be avoided by a direct introduction of the heat medium. Furthermore, due to the higher temperature of the heating medium by a direct introduction into the dryer, a sanitation of the biomass done, so that the dried biomass, for example, may have a hygienic safety by possible germs are made to die off. Preferably, the thermal treatment of the biomass may include a minimum temperature that the biomass has to accept in total, but also a minimum time of thermal treatment. In this way, the dried biomass can be used immediately without aftertreatment.

In a preferred embodiment, the dryer has inlet openings to introduce the heating medium into the dryer. The inlet openings can preferably be made round, but can also be designed differently according to the supply air ducts and the environmental requirements. For example, the inlet openings may also have an oval, square, rectangular and / or polygonal shape. The cross section of the inlet openings can be adapted to the required amount of air. Preferably, the cross-section of the inlet openings may be adapted to allow a low inflow velocity so as not to generate excessive turbulence in the dryer.

Preferably, the heating medium may be mixed with air, preferably ambient air, prior to discharge into the dryer to reduce the temperature of the heating medium. For example, the heating medium as the exhaust gas of a cogeneration plant have a temperature of 600 ° C, preferably 500 ° C, in particular at least 300 ° C. The exhaust gas temperature depends in particular on the energy source of the combined heat and power plant. Thus, even higher temperatures can be generated when using a gas turbine. Preferably, a gas engine is used. The gas engine can be operated, for example, with a fuel gas, which is preferably generated by a biogas plant. After mixing with ambient air, the heating medium can be lowered to a temperature of 500 ° C, preferably 400 ° C, especially about 450 ° C, when it is passed into the dryer. In this way, excessive heat on the biomass to be dried can be avoided, which for example can lead to over-drying of the biomass.

The biogas plant can be operated, for example, with renewable raw materials, especially as they Annex 2 II No. 1 EEG 2009 are describing. Also, the biogas plant can be operated with manure, especially with manure, as in the Annex 2 II No. 2 EEG 2009 is described. For example, biomass can be dried from the biogas plant with the proposed biomass dryer plant. An embodiment provides that the biogas plant is connected to the biomass dryer plant. In particular, the biogas plant may process one or more substrates such as corn silage, grass silage, pig manure, cattle manure, bovine manure, sugar beet, cereals, sugar millet and others. For this purpose, appropriate fermenter, Nachgärbehälter, gas storage as well as other equipment can be used.

The combined heat and power plant can also have two or more engines in addition to a motor. This can be done as well as a shutdown of the motors, in particular the gas engines, for example, depending on a power and / or heat demand. As engines, for example, gas Otto engines with a capacity of 100 kW to more than 1 MW can be used.

By using an air scrubber in the biomass dryer system can be dispensed according to one embodiment on the use of a complex exhaust gas treatment plant such as cyclones or filters. In this way, a more compact system can be provided, since an air scrubber usually requires less space than a cyclone or a filter. Furthermore, by the air scrubber, the existing waste heat of the exhaust air in a simple manner be fed to a heat exchanger. Preferably olfaktorisch active ingredients can be washed out in gaseous or in particle form by the air scrubber, whereby an odor load can be minimized or avoided. In particular, chemical components in gaseous or particulate form can be washed out by the air scrubber. As a result, the environmental impact can be minimized or avoided. A further embodiment, in turn, provides for cyclones and / or filters, alternatively to an air scrubber or in addition thereto.

Preferably, the plant can be used in particular for drying manure or manure or other biomass. For example, it can be ensured by the use of the plant for drying slurry that the nitrogen remains in the dried slurry test so that no loss of important fertilizer fertilizers for the plants takes place by drying. Furthermore, by drying manure, the space for storing the dried manure in comparison to the liquid manure can be reduced and the transport and spreading in the field can also be simplified. For example, the dried manure can be discharged on the field with the aid of a fertilizer spreader, instead of a tanker as in liquid manure.

In a preferred embodiment, the biomass can be conveyed via a transport means, in particular via blade shafts, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, spiked shafts and / or worm shafts in the dryer. In particular, the transport means may have a plurality, preferably at least two, in particular at least four blade shafts, conveyor belts, conveyor belts, spiked shafts and / or worm shafts. In this way it can be ensured that the biomass is mixed during the drying process in the dryer, so that not only part of the biomass comes into contact with the hot heating medium. In particular, in a further embodiment, the means of transport not only mix the biomass but also comminute when mixing, in particular chop them up. In this case, the transport means can mix the biomass during the drying process in the dryer until a desired degree of drying is achieved without the biomass is transported out of the dryer. Furthermore, the dried biomass can be transported out of the dryer with the aid of the transport means after completion of the drying process. Preferably, the means of transport is arranged in the vicinity of the dryer floor.

In a further embodiment, the biomass can be filled into the dryer via a filling, preferably filling arranged on an upper side of the dryer. The filling can be an opening at the top, which can be closed via a Befüllklappe. In particular, the filling may have the shape of a rectangle, a hollow cylinder, a polygon, a circle or another shape, for example, to be able to absorb a predetermined amount of biomass. Preferably, the filling is rectangular or square designed to ensure adaptation to a standardized delivery system for the biomass. The filling can be done manually and / or automatically, for example with a conveyor belt or a bucket, with the biomass can be filled. Once the predetermined amount of biomass has been filled into the filling, the Befüllklappe can be opened so that the biomass falls automatically in the dryer on the means of transport. For example, the transport means may comprise a feed to a spiked shaft by means of which the biomass is dissolved, for example. Furthermore, it is also possible that the filling is only an opening and the Befüllklappe is opened, so that a predetermined amount of biomass can be conveyed directly into the dryer without the filling is filled before. As soon as the biomass is introduced into the dryer, the transport medium mixes the filled-in biomass during the drying process and empties the dryer as soon as the drying process has ended. In this way it can be ensured that only a predetermined amount of biomass is dried in the dryer to ensure optimum drying of the biomass. This ensures a more uniform drying of the biomass. For example, an emptying can take place through an opening in the side wall of the dryer or by means of a flap arranged on the underside, which is opened.

It is preferred that the heating medium flows into the dryer as heated air and in the dryer an outflow surface, in particular a Gesamtabströmfläche for the supplied heated air, preferably a perforated plate is arranged for uniform distribution of the heated air as it flows into the dryer. Preferably, the heating medium can be introduced in the upper region of the dryer. In particular, the dryer is cubic, preferably rectangular, formed. The supply and distribution of the heating medium may preferably be mounted on top of the dryer.

Furthermore, due to further requirements of the biomass to be dried instead of a supply and distribution of the heating medium from above, a lateral attachment to the dryer may be provided. Furthermore, as required by the drying biomass also carried out a retrograde air flow of the supply and distribution of the heating medium in the lower part of the dryer. By using a perforated plate, a hydraulic adjustment can be brought about according to one embodiment, whereby a uniform flow of biomass in the dryer can be ensured. The term hydraulic balancing here describes a method with which a certain flow rate of the heating medium is set within the dryer. This can be achieved that at a certain inflow of the heating medium within the dryer, the heating medium has the same flow rate. In particular, the flow velocity of the heating medium into the dryer can be selected such that the dried substrate is not swirled upwards, but remains in the drying plane through the total outflow area. For example, a flow of the heating medium can be regulated by a throttle flap in the feed into the dryer. Furthermore, the outflow surface, preferably the total outflow surface on passage openings. The passage openings may have a round, oval, square, rectangular and / or polygonal shape. The respective cross section of the passage openings of the total outflow area can be adapted to the flow rate of the heated air.

Preferably, the total outflow area can be variably arranged in the dryer as a function of the flow velocity of the heating medium into the dryer in height. Thus, depending on the flow rate of the heating medium, the total outflow area can be arranged directly above the biomass, which is for example near the bottom of the dryer, or in the middle of the dryer or directly at the inlet openings of the dryer. In this way, the total outflow area can be arranged above the biomass in order to compensate existing deviations of the temperature or the flow rate of the heating medium used by a corresponding distance from the biomass.

In a preferred embodiment, the total outflow surface on passage openings of different sizes, for example in perforated plates. For example, the different sizes of the passage openings can be varied by insertions. The passage openings have a size of 5 mm to 20 mm, preferably from 8 mm to 10 mm. Due to the different sizes of the passage openings, a hydraulic adjustment can be brought about, which is suitable to ensure a uniform flow of the drying zone. At the same time, the flow of the heating medium can be selected so that the dry biomass may not be swirled upwards. Due to the balancing, the momentum of the heating medium to be applied in its individual jets may be at least approximately the same intensity over the entire inflow surface. Abyss of the adjustment, the temperature of the introduced heating medium can be distributed in its individual rays of at least approximately the same size over the entire Gesamtabströmfläche.

• 1. der Impuls des Heizmediums und daraus resultierend die Eindringtiefe des Heizmediums in den Trockner,
• 2. die Temperatur des Heizmediums,
• 3. die hydraulisch gleichmäßig verteilte Wärme- und Impulsstärke über die gesamte Fläche der Einblasöffnung.

Preferably, the heating power of the inflowing heating medium can be composed of the following components:

• 1. the momentum of the heating medium and, as a result, the penetration depth of the heating medium into the dryer,
• 2. the temperature of the heating medium,
• 3. the hydraulically evenly distributed heat and momentum across the entire area of the injection opening.

By acting on one or more of these components during operation, it is possible to adapt the operating behavior to the respective biomass. Thus, for example, the temperature can be influenced by, for example, stronger admixture of fresh air and / or partial recirculation of exhaust air as well as the introduced pulse, for example by a nozzle geometry change, a lower mass flow rate, by changing the holes in the outflow surface and / or by other Intervention by means of preferably a controller.

It is preferred that the dryer has sensors to determine, for example, the degree of dryness of the biomass. In this way, the conventional method of direct removal of substrate, or the overdrying of the biomass, which is customary according to the prior art, can be dispensed with by means of a purely temporal determination of the drying time. Preferably, the sensors can determine a continuous determination of the parameters temperature and humidity in the exhaust air or in the exhaust air volume flow. The continuous determination can also be carried out in a secondary air flow. Through a continuous determination of the enthalpy of the air flow can be detected, which can draw conclusions about the moisture content in the air flow. As a result, the moisture profile of the biomass can be reproduced. Due to the preferred continuous detection of parameters of the sensors, the parameters of temperature and humidity in the exhaust air or in the exhaust air volume flow can be detected, whereby both the positive and the negative slope of the moisture profile in the exhaust air can be determined. As soon as a maxima / minima of the humidity with the curve slope = 0 has been reached and the Increase of the temperature is positive and runs with an increasing steepness up to the maximum to be reached feed temperature is independent of the material in drying of the drying process preferably to end to avoid over-drying, or it is in known biomass fills a time-controlled so-called. initiated. In addition to a continuous recording of sensor values, it is also possible to provide a discontinuous measured value recording. Also, by means of this, a high resolution of trends in terms of humidity and others is made possible with corresponding time interval settings. Time intervals may, for example, also change in operation, ie extend or shorten, if deviations from measured values make this necessary.

Preferably, a first sensor is arranged on the transport means to detect the temperature of the biomass, and a second sensor is attached to the dryer to detect the weight of the dryer and / or the torque of a drive of the transport means. The detection of the torque can be done for example by means of a frequency converter in the drive motor. In this way, for example, a measurement of the relevant parameters can be done indirectly without using the air volume flow. In a preferred embodiment, the indirect determination of the degree of drying can be based on a presumable increase in temperature of the biomass to be dried in the core until it reaches the ambient temperature in the dryer with simultaneous metrological weight reduction due to the progressive evaporation of water. For this purpose, a hollow shaft of the transport means may be equipped with a temperature sensor which is capable of transmitting by wire connection to the head end of the hollow shaft, the signal by means of sliding contacts to an evaluation or a PC control or PLC control. Furthermore, the transmission can also be wireless. The further transmission of the measurement signal can be wired or wireless to a computer system in a switchgear. Furthermore, the dryer, preferably at least two, preferably at least three, in particular at least four steel supports are provided, wherein pressure sensors are arranged on the undersides of the steel columns. Furthermore, it is possible that the dryer is arranged directly on the pressure sensor without steel supports. By using pressure sensors, a detection of the weight change can be made possible. With reaching or approaching the core temperature in the wave to the ambient temperature in the dryer with simultaneous weight reduction to stabilize the change in weight, the degree of drying can be determined until complete drying of the biomass. Preferably, a determination of the dry mass value or the dry substance value can also be made. The terms dry matter or dry matter here describe that component of a substance that remains after deduction of the water contained in the mass or substance. In a further embodiment, a monitoring and evaluation of the torque of the drive shafts of the transport means can be carried out in addition or instead of detecting the change in weight. It is known that moist biomass is tough and thus a product-specific torque is required when mixing. With increasing drying, this resistance disappears, so that when the core temperature reaches the same ambient temperature in the dryer and at the same time falling torque on the degree of drying of the biomass can be concluded.

• – kontinuierliches Erfassen von Temperatur und Feuchte in der Abluft;
• – Bestimmen des Feuchteinhalts der Biomasse durch Auswerten der Temperatur und der Feuchte der Abluft;
• – Beenden des Trocknungsvorgangs des Trockners, insbesondere wenn ein entsprechend vorgebbares Kriterium erreicht wird, bevorzugt sobald ein Maximum der Feuchte der Abluft mit einer Kurvensteigung = 0 erreicht wird und die Steigung der Temperatur der Abluft positiv verläuft.

The invention further relates to a method for determining the degree of drying of biomass in a biomass dryer plant for drying biomass with a dryer through which a heating medium, wherein the dryer is connected to an exhaust system of a combined heat and power plant, wherein the heating medium is the exhaust gas of the combined heat and power plant in which the heating medium leaves the dryer as exhaust air, comprising the following steps:

• - Continuous detection of temperature and humidity in the exhaust air;
• Determining the moisture content of the biomass by evaluating the temperature and the humidity of the exhaust air;
• - Ending the drying process of the dryer, especially if a corresponding specifiable criterion is achieved, preferably as soon as a maximum of the humidity of the exhaust air is achieved with a curve slope = 0 and the slope of the temperature of the exhaust air runs positively.

• – Erfassen der Temperatur der Biomasse;
• – Erfassen eines zweiten Parameters des Trockners, vorzugsweise eines Drehmoments eines Antriebes oder eine Gewichtsänderung der Biomasse,
• – Beenden des Trocknungsvorgangs, wenn ein entsprechend vorgebbares Kriterium erreicht wird, bevorzugt bei Erreichen der Temperatur der Biomasse gleich der Umgebungstemperatur in dem Trockner und bei gleichzeitiger Erreichung eines vorbestimmten Endwertes des zweiten Parameters.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for determining the degree of drying of biomass in a biomass dryer system for drying biomass with a traversed by a heating medium dryer, wherein the dryer is connected to an exhaust system of a combined heat and power plant, wherein the heating medium is the exhaust gas of the combined heat and power plant in which the heating medium leaves the dryer as exhaust air, comprising the following steps:

• - recording the temperature of the biomass;
• Detecting a second parameter of the dryer, preferably a torque of a drive or a weight change of the biomass,
• Ending the drying process, if a corresponding specifiable criterion is reached, preferably when the temperature is reached Biomass equal to the ambient temperature in the dryer and while achieving a predetermined final value of the second parameter.

In a preferred embodiment, the temperature of the biomass is detected by at least one temperature sensor, wherein the temperature sensor is arranged in the transport and the detected temperature is transmitted via a wire connection to the head ends of the transport by means of sliding contacts or via a wireless connection to a computer system for evaluation.

It is preferred that as a second parameter of the dryer, the weight change of the dryer is detected via pressure sensors, and the predetermined end value of the second parameter is no further weight change of the dryer.

Preferably, as the second parameter of the dryer, the torque of the drive shaft of a transport means for conveying the biomass in the dryer is detected via torque sensors, and the predetermined end value of the second parameter is a predetermined torque value.

• – Einblasen des Heizmediums in den Trockner;
• – Einbringen von Biomasse in den Trockner;
• – Durchmischen und Auflockern der Biomasse durch ein Transportmittel;
• – Durchführen eines der oben beschriebenen Verfahren zur Ermittlung des Trocknungsgrades der Biomasse,
• – Entleeren der getrockneten Biomasse aus dem Trockner.

The invention further relates to a process for drying biomass in a biomass dryer plant for drying biomass with a dryer through which a heating medium flows, wherein the dryer is connected to an exhaust system of a combined heat and power plant, wherein the heating medium is the exhaust gas of the combined heat and power plant the heating medium leaves the dryer as exhaust air, comprising the following steps:

• - blowing the heating medium into the dryer;
• - introducing biomass into the dryer;
• - Mixing and loosening the biomass by a means of transport;
• Carrying out one of the methods described above for determining the degree of drying of the biomass,
• - Emptying the dried biomass from the dryer.

• – Aufnahme einer Anströmung im Ist-Zustands;
• – Anpassung einer Anströmung, und
• – Überprüfung der Veränderung der Anströmung.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for adjusting an inflow of one or more Gesamtabströmfläche described above, comprising the following steps:

• - intake of an on-flow condition;
• - Adaptation of a flow, and
• - Checking the change in the flow.

Preferably, the method for adjusting a flow for a Gesamtabströmfläche described above can be used, which has passage openings of different sizes, wherein the different sizes of the passage openings are varied by inserts. The configuration of the total outflow areas can be calculated or estimated, for example, by virtue of the fact that changes in the air flows within the dryer can be determined on the basis of the recording of the actual state within the scope of a simulation. Upon completion of the simulation, one or more changes may be made, particularly with respect to, for example, the design of the total outflow area as well as with respect to other flow-influencing conditions in the dryer. Preferably, different parameters can be set here. The parameters may, for example, be one or more geometries located in the dryer, a temperature, an inflow or outflow or an inlet or an exit from the dryer of, for example, biomass. Furthermore, movements that flow within the dryer, in particular within a drying zone and preferably at least in the boundary region between the respective side boundaries of the dryer and the exhaust air outlets here. The verification of the change in the flow can therefore be carried out virtually in the context of a simulation and / or on the basis of a real situation. Preferably, both can be carried out. For example, after determining the actual state, a simulation can take place so that the flow can be adapted to the simulation.

In a preferred embodiment, a check of the change in the context of a simulation in different steps is possible. For example, this can be done iteratively. Furthermore, various developments can be specified, for example, a termination limit for an iteration. The adaptation of the flow found by the simulation can be realized in the dryer. Through a subsequent check, measurements can be used to determine how far the simulated adaptation can be implemented in reality. If necessary, a further adjustment of the flow can be made.

Preferably, an initial state is determined in order to obtain comparability in particular of different adaptation measures. For example, an initial state may include a fixed flow, a temperature, a humidity, as well as other parameters. Furthermore, an initial state, a specially defined arrangement of one or more dryer levels within the drying zone can be taken into account, in particular to allow a repeatability of such determinations within a dryer. By changing the specified parameters when checking the change in the flow, the influence of the individual parameters can be determined, preferably the influence can be determined qualitatively and / or quantitatively. In a further preferred embodiment, a change catalog can be created by determining the influence, in which at least roughly change prognoses are stored. For example, this can be done by means of weighting factors, which can influence in the context of a calculation. In this way, in particular, a knowledge gained by a dryer in the context of storage within a database can be used to allow conclusions about advantageous adjustments and changes in another dryer, in particular to improve the respective flow. The checking of the flow can be done, for example, with the same measuring means with which the actual state is determined. If a check indicates that a desired change in the flow has not yet been reached, one or more parameters can be changed after the check has been carried out. The effect of changing the parameters may be determined during a re-examination, which is calculated and / or verified by measurements.

According to a further aspect of the invention, a device for receiving and evaluating an actual state of an air flow in a dryer of a biomass dryer plant is proposed taking into account an outflow, with one or more measuring sensors, a memory and an evaluation, wherein the evaluation unit with is coupled to the memory, by means of which an influence of a Gesamtabströmfläche, in particular by means of a method described above is evaluated. A further preferred embodiment provides that one or more measuring sensors are arranged at different heights, preferably in the region of the inflow, which preferably forms in a planar manner in the dryer. In this way, it is possible to draw conclusions about changes that are made in the dryer in the area of the incoming flow.

Preferably, in addition to a temperature, a speed, for example a speed of the exhaust air, can also be measured by means of a measurement. However, it is also possible to measure other speeds, for example transport speeds at the means of transport, throughflow rates in lines or through openings as well as vibrations and their propagation speeds. For example, a speed measurement can be carried out without contact by corresponding sensors. A component of such a device can be, for example, a portable computer system to which one or more measuring sensors can be connected. Furthermore, a calculation option can be made available in the computer system in order to enable at least initial evaluation of a recording of an actual state. For this, the portable computer system preferably has a display device which can display the results. Furthermore, the portable computer system may be connected to an external display device to display the results via the external display device.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a computer program product comprising at least one program part which, when loaded into a computer system of a biomass dryer system described above, is designed to carry out one of the methods described above.

The invention is explained below by way of example with reference to the figures. However, these illustrated embodiments are not to be construed as limiting the scope and details of the invention. Rather, the features resulting from the figures are not limited to the respective individual embodiments. On the contrary, these features can be combined with respectively other features specified in the figures and / or in the description including the description of the figures to form further developments not shown in detail.

Show it:

1 shows a schematic structure of a biomass dryer plant for drying biomass;

2 shows a detailed view of the supply of a heating medium in the dryer, wherein only a portion of an upper portion of the dryer is shown;

3 shows a schematic sectional view of a dryer in which the heating medium is supplied;

4 a schematic side view of a dryer;

5 . 5a . 5b ; 5c show a further embodiment of the supply of heating medium in the dryer;

6a . 6b show a further embodiment of the supply of heating medium in the dryer;

7a . 7b show a further embodiment of the supply of heating medium in the dryer;

8a . 8b . 8c show a further embodiment of the supply of heating medium in the dryer;

9a . 9b show an embodiment of an exhaust device of the dryer; and

10a and 10b show an array of sensors to determine the degree of dryness of the biomass in the dryer.

1 shows a biomass dryer plant 10 for drying biomass with a dryer through which a heating medium flows 12 , The dryer 12 is on an exhaust system 14 a combined heat and power plant 16 connected. The heating medium is the exhaust gas of the combined heat and power plant 16 , In 1 the flow direction of the exhaust gas is shown as an arrow. The heating medium leaves the dryer 12 as exhaust air. Furthermore, on the dryer 12 an air scrubber 18 to clean the exhaust air of the dryer 12 arranged. In the dryer 12 is a means of transport 20 arranged to transport the biomass via the means of transport 20 in the dryer 12 to transport. The means of transport 20 according to this embodiment has at least one spiked shaft. This mixes and comminutes the biomass to be dried. The biomass consists for example of digestate or doughy to liquid masses of biological waste products, such as food residues. Once the drying process is finished, the dryer will 20 with the help of the means of transport 20 emptied. The construction of the combined heat and power plant 16 and the air-washer 18 are known from the prior art.

2 shows a detailed view of the supply of the heating medium in the dryer 12 , In 2 becomes just an upper area of the dryer 12 shown. The dryer 12 has an example of a square shape. At the top of the dryer 12 There are two inlet openings 22 , These intake ports are with the exhaust system 14 of the combined heat and power plant 16 connected. In the dryer 12 is below the inlet openings 22 a Gesamtabströmfläche arranged according to an embodiment in the form of a perforated plate to the heating medium as it flows into the dryer 12 evenly distributed. Furthermore, the dryer 12 a filling 26 for the biomass.

3 shows a side view of the dryer 12 as a sectional view. At the inlet openings 22 is the exhaust system 14 connected. Furthermore, in the form of arrows, the inflow of the heating medium in the dryer 12 shown. The dryer 12 continues to fill 26 and the total outflow area 24 in the form of one or more perforated plates. In 3 can be seen from the arrows that the inflowing heating medium through the Gesamtabströmfläche 24 evenly over the drying zone 28 of the dryer is distributed. The total outflow area 24 can have passage openings of different sizes.

4 shows a side view of a dryer 12 at which an exhaust system 14 of the combined heat and power plant 16 is attached laterally. Furthermore, an exhaust pipe 30 attached, which the exhaust air to the air scrubber 18 forwards. Furthermore, the 4 a control cabinet 32 in which a computer system for controlling the plant 10 is arranged. The dryer 12 is on feet 34 arranged to represent the steel columns.

5 shows a sectional view of a dryer according to the 4 , of the page. The dryer 12 is laterally with the exhaust system 14 connected. The exhaust system 14 directs the heating medium through the inlet openings 22 on the total outflow areas 24 , In the drying zone 28 is the means of transport 20 arranged in the form of a spiked shaft to mix and crush the biomass. Furthermore, the dryer 12 a filling 26 on.

5a shows a detailed view of the section AA of 5 , It can be seen that at the inlet opening 26 the exhaust pipe 30 is arranged. Furthermore, the inlet opening 26 a filling flap 36 on to the inlet opening 26 after filling the dryer 12 to close. The exhaust system 14 is on the side of the dryer 12 arranged. The inflowing heating medium is in 5a shown as arrows representing the total outflow area 24 flow through. Furthermore, it can be seen that the means of transport 20 in the dryer has four spiked shafts. The spiked waves loosen this by the filling 26 introduced bulk material / biomass and mix it.

5b is a detail view of the detail B off 5a , 5b makes the connection 38 the exhaust system 14 which is on the dryer 12 connected. The flowing through the heating medium is shown as arrows, which through the Gesamtabströmfläche 24 stream. The connection 38 has a throttle 40 to the flow rate of the heating medium from the exhaust system 14 to control.

5c shows a plan view C of 5 , It can be seen that the exhaust system 14 on the side of the dryer 12 is arranged. Furthermore, it can be seen that the heating medium via a plurality of inlet openings 22 in the dryer 12 flows.

6a shows an isometric detail of a top of a dryer 12 a further embodiment. It can be seen that the top of the dryer 12 about a filling 26 features. Furthermore, the exhaust system 14 recognizable which in each case only via an inlet opening 22 on the side of the top of the dryer 12 connected. The inlet openings 22 are arranged offset on the sides.

6b is a plan view of the embodiment of the dryer 12 of the 6a , Furthermore, dashed lines the arrangement of the terminal 38 displayed.

7a shows an isometric detail of a top of a dryer 12 a further embodiment. It can be seen that the top of the dryer 12 about a filling 26 features. Furthermore, the exhaust system 14 recognizable, which in each case only over two opposite inlet openings 22 on the side of the top of the dryer 12 connected.

7b is a plan view of the embodiment of the dryer 12 of the 7a ,

8a shows an isometric detail of a top of a dryer 12 a further embodiment. It can be seen that the top of the dryer 12 about a filling 26 features. The exhaust system 14 is over a front to the dryer 12 connected.

8b is a plan view of the embodiment of the 8a , Furthermore, dashed lines show that the heating medium via inlet openings 22 from the exhaust system 14 through a total outflow area 24 in the dryer 12 flows.

8c shows a side view of the dryer 12 of the 8a and 8b ,

9a shows a detailed view of the exhaust pipe 30 , The exhaust pipe 30 sucks in the exhaust air of the heating medium. It can be seen that the exhaust pipe 30 is designed as a polygonal box. The exhaust pipe 30 has a weather protection grid 42 , which is designed as a suction in the manner of a Z-profile grating. The underlying bevel is used, if necessary, through the weather protection grid 42 material collected at the bottom of the inlet box to collect and reuse the further recovery. Furthermore, the exhaust pipe has 30 via an exhaust air throttle 44 to control the flow rate of the exhaust air.

9b shows a plan view of a dryer 12 in which the exhaust pipe 30 is arranged above.

10 shows an embodiment of a transport 20 , The means of transport 20 is designed as a hollow shaft. The means of transport 20 has a temperature sensor 46 which has a wiring 48 with a front side 50 of the means of transport 20 connected is. At the front 50 of the means of transport 20 is a sliding contact 52 arranged, which the measurement data of the temperature sensor 46 wired to a computing system in the cabinet 32 forwards. The temperature sensor 46 measures the core temperature of the biomass.

10 shows the dryer 12 in which the means of transport 20 of the 10a is arranged, in a side view. The dryer 12 has feet 34 , which on pressure sensors 54 stand. The pressure sensors 54 take the total weight of the dryer 12 on. The measurement data are also sent to a computer system in the control cabinet 32 forwarded. With the help of the measured data of the temperature sensor 46 and the pressure sensors 54 can via a computer in the control cabinet on the degree of dryness of the biomass in the dryer 12 getting closed. Once the core temperature of the biomass equals the ambient temperature in the dryer and the total weight of the dryer 12 is constant, the drying process is interrupted according to a preferred embodiment and the dried biomass can be emptied from the dryer.

Furthermore, the control cabinet 32 a computer program product comprising at least one program part which, when in a computer system of a biomass dryer plant 10 loaded, for carrying out a method for drying biomass in a dryer described above 12 is designed.

For example, a method of drying biomass may be as follows:
A heating medium, in particular an exhaust gas of a combined heat and power plant 14 , is via an exhaust system 14 in the inlet openings 22 of the dryer 12 directed. About the connections 38 the heating medium enters the dryer 12 , The heating medium is over a Gesamtabströmfläche 24 spread over the entire surface and into the dryer 12 directed. In the dryer 12 is in the drying zone 28 a means of transport 20 which by the filling 26 mixed biomass mixed and loosened up. The disposal of the exhaust air via laterally mounted exhaust pipes 30 , The extracted air is removed by means of an air washer 18 cleaned and released into the atmosphere. In the scrubber enters exhaust air, which then emerges as exhaust air from the scrubber. This so-called exhaust air is preferably a gas mixture of ambient air and exhaust gas from the engine of the combined heat and power plant 14 , preferably does not prefer pure air, as otherwise would be understood in the colloquial sense. Also, not all exhaust air needs to pass through the scrubber. It can also be a partial flow recycled

A method of filling the dryer 12 can proceed as follows:
The drive of the means of transport 20 runs at minimum speed. The filling flap 36 the filling 26 is closed. The filling 36 is filled either manually or automatically by conveyor belt with the necessary amount of biomass. When this process is completed, the filling flap will be opened 36 opened and the biomass to be dried falls automatically on the means of transport 20 in the dryer 12 ,

An exemplary method for drying the biomass in the dryer 12 can proceed as follows:
With the help of the temperature sensor 46 and the pressure sensor monitors the temperature of the biomass and determines the weight reduction. According to a stored program in the computer system of the cabinet 32 is the tempering of the previously cold biomass, reaching its ambient temperature in the dryer 12 and the decreasing total weight of the dried biomass in the dryer 12 supervised. In the case of the rising temperature and at the same time falling of the total weight, the termination of the drying process is initiated. For this purpose, the speed of the means of transport is for a previously defined remaining time 20 raised to maximum and maintained until the rest of the program. After that, the means of transport 20 set still.

An exemplary method for controlling the drying process of the biomass in the dryer 12 can proceed as follows:
The temperature of the exhaust gas of the combined heat and power plant 16 is determined by means of a sensor. After weighing the amount of biomass to be filled this is in the dryer 12 brought in. With the help of, for example, a torque sensor, a statement about the consistency of the biomass can be made about torque and current consumption. Another possibility is that information about the consistency of the biomass is made possible by the current consumption of the frequency converter of the dryer. According to a stored program in the computer system of the cabinet 32 is the tempering of the previously cold biomass, reaching its ambient temperature in the dryer 12 and the decreasing total weight of the dried biomass in the dryer 12 supervised. In the case of the rising temperature, and at the same time falling of the total weight, according to a preferred embodiment, the termination of the drying process is initiated.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 202009014971 U1 [0003]
• DE 102010007035 B4 [0004]
• DE 102012003463 A1 [0005]

Cited non-patent literature

• Annex 2 II No. 1 EEG 2009 [0015]
• Annex 2 II No. 2 EEG 2009 [0015]

Claims (15)

Biomass drying plant for drying biomass with a dryer through which a heating medium flows ( 12 ), the dryer ( 12 ) to an exhaust system ( 14 ) of a combined heat and power plant ( 16 ), wherein the heating medium, the exhaust gas of the combined heat and power plant ( 16 ), wherein the heating medium is the dryer ( 12 ) leaves as exhaust air, wherein an air scrubber ( 18 ) for cleaning the exhaust air of the dryer ( 12 ) is provided. Biomass dryer plant according to claim 1, characterized in that one or more means of transport are provided, wherein the biomass via a means of transport ( 20 ), in particular via blade shafts, conveyor belt, conveyor belt, spiked shafts and / or worm shafts in the dryer ( 12 ) is transportable. Biomass-drying plant according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the heating medium flows as heated air into the dryer and in the dryer ( 12 ) an outflow surface, in particular a Gesamtabströmfläche ( 24 ) for the supplied heated air, preferably a perforated plate, is arranged for uniform distribution of the heated air, when flowing into the dryer ( 12 ). Biomass dryer plant according to claim 3, characterized in that the outflow surface, preferably the total outflow surface ( 24 ) depending on the flow rate of the heating medium in the dryer ( 12 ) variable in height in the dryer ( 12 ) can be arranged. Biomass dryer plant according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the outflow surface, preferably the total outflow surface ( 24 ) Has passage openings of different sizes. Biomass dryer plant according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dryer ( 12 ) has a plurality of sensors to determine the degree of dryness of the biomass. Biomass dryer plant according to claim 6, characterized in that a first sensor on the transport means ( 20 ) is arranged to detect the temperature of the biomass, and a second sensor on the dryer ( 12 ) is attached to the weight of the biomass or the torque of a drive of the means of transport ( 20 ) capture. Method for determining the degree of drying of biomass in a biomass dryer plant ( 10 ) for drying biomass with a dryer through which a heating medium flows ( 12 ), the dryer ( 12 ) is flowed through by a heating medium and the dryer ( 12 ) to an exhaust system ( 14 ) of a combined heat and power plant ( 16 ) is connected, wherein the exhaust gas of the combined heat and power plant ( 16 ) is used as a heating medium, wherein the heating medium the dryer ( 12 ) leaves as exhaust air, comprising the following steps: - continuous detection of temperature and humidity in the exhaust air; Determining the moisture content of the biomass by evaluating the temperature and the humidity of the exhaust air; - terminating the drying process of the dryer ( 12 ), preferably as soon as a maximum of the humidity of the exhaust air with a curve slope = 0 is reached and the slope of the temperature of the exhaust air runs positively. Method for determining the degree of drying of biomass in a biomass dryer plant ( 10 ) for drying biomass with a dryer through which a heating medium flows ( 12 ), the dryer ( 12 ) to an exhaust system ( 14 ) of a combined heat and power plant ( 16 ) is connected and the exhaust gas from the combined heat and power plant is used as the heating medium, wherein the heating medium, the dryer ( 12 ) leaves as exhaust air, comprising the following steps: - detecting the temperature of the biomass; - Detecting a second parameter of the dryer ( 12 Preferably, a torque of a drive or a weight change of the biomass, ending the drying process, preferably when the temperature of the biomass equal to the ambient temperature and / or, preferably simultaneously reaching a predetermined final value of the second parameter. A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the temperature of the biomass via at least one temperature sensor ( 46 ), wherein the temperature sensor ( 46 ) in the means of transport ( 20 ) is arranged and the detected temperature via a wire connection ( 48 ) at least one head end ( 50 ) of the means of transport ( 20 ) by means of sliding contacts ( 52 ) or transmitted via a wireless connection to a computer system for evaluation. Method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the second parameter of the dryer ( 12 ) a weight change, preferably the weight change of the dryer ( 12 ) or a part thereof via pressure sensors ( 54 ), and, as a predetermined end value of the second parameter, no further weight change, preferably of the dryer ( 12 ) is being used. Method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the second parameter of the dryer ( 12 ) a torque of a drive shaft a means of transport ( 20 ) for conveying the biomass in the dryer ( 12 ) is detected via torque sensors, and the predetermined end value of the second parameter is a predetermined torque value. Process for drying biomass in a biomass dryer plant ( 10 ) for drying biomass with a dryer through which a heating medium flows ( 12 ), the dryer ( 12 ) to an exhaust system ( 14 ) of a combined heat and power plant ( 16 ) is connected and the exhaust gas of the combined heat and power plant ( 16 ) is used as the heating medium, wherein the heating medium the dryer ( 12 ) leaves as exhaust air, comprising the following steps: - blowing the heating medium into the dryer ( 12 ); - introducing biomass into the dryer ( 12 ); - Mixing and loosening the biomass by a means of transport ( 20 ); - drying the biomass; Emptying the dried biomass from the dryer ( 12 ). Method for adapting a flow to a total inflow surface ( 24 ) of a biomass dryer plant according to one of claims 3 to 5, comprising the following steps: - receiving a flow in the actual state; - adaptation of the flow and - checking the change in the flow. Computer program product comprising at least one program part which, when in a computer system of a biomass dryer system ( 10 ) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, adapted to carry out a method according to one of claims 8 to 14.

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