DE102014004461A1 - "SOLAIR" SUN - TURBINE WITH SOLAR HEATED GLASS BOILER, INTEGRATED ENERGY STORAGE AND INTEGRATED WATER - DESALINATION - Google Patents

Abstract

The solar Solair solar turbine consists of a horizontal, solar heated pressure vessel whose upper half-cylinder made of glass and the lower basin with half-cylinder bottom consists of an inside black pool of foam concrete. This pool absorbs the entire solar radiation, at the same time works as a controllable heat storage with attached rock storage and has an integrated water desalination. The turbine at the cylinder output supplies power, which also drives the compressor at the cylinder inlet The special tensile glass of the cylinder suppresses all infrared and heat conduction losses, so that the Solair turbine achieves solar-electric efficiencies of 30% and more. When using thermal oil instead of water, significantly higher efficiencies can be achieved. Large power plants are modular with a central control station. Solair turbines can also be mounted floating in calm waters. The combination of Solair high-performance humus with cheap electricity and cheap fresh water from Solair turbines helps eroded soils in drylands to become fertile and greenens deserts. Long-term stable Solair humus sequesters large amounts of CO2 in the soil.

Description

INTRODUCTION

WHY THE SAME SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES HAVE FAILED

The direct use of the sun as the greatest potential source of energy for humanity is not only tempting but necessary as fossil fuels from stored solar energy come to an end, which will be the case in about 300 years. In addition, solar energy is inexhaustible to human standards and is available free of charge, so their use is obvious and self-evident.

If solar power can be produced more cheaply than electricity from nuclear and fossil fuels, this would lower energy prices worldwide and boost the world economy, which is currently being strangled by excessive energy prices. In addition, recycling projects could be tackled on a large scale, as they generally require low-cost electricity. One example is steel in Germany, which is currently the world's largest recycling project, as almost 90% of it is made from scrap in power-intensive induction furnaces. Because of too expensive electricity, these steelworks now have to close or migrate. Here, the above invention can bring a decisive turn.

Solar fields too expensive

However, making this seemingly ideal source of energy at competitive costs is by no means easy: solar radiation has a very low energy density and therefore requires very large solar fields, which, if you do not eliminate all expensive components from the outset, will be much more expensive to invest and run as the fuel costs of conventional technologies and then are no longer competitive. Therefore, only those solar fields can be economical, which have a very low surface price for the "technology for collecting the solar radiation" and are almost maintenance-free. In this case, both mirrors, which necessarily have to be tracked to the sun and constantly cleaned, as well as crystalline structures such as silicon crystals for photovoltaic panels, in principle have too high costs, so that they can not become competitive in the foreseeable future.

Solar radiation is not fully utilized

Since the solar radiation consists of the main beam and diffuse radiation, you have to use both. Since diffuse radiation is the major component in many cases, mirror technologies that use only the main beam are only usable in a few areas.

The increasing global particulate pollution in the air, a currently largely underestimated problem, can dramatically increase the proportion of diffuse radiation, so that mirror technologies in the future even more uneconomical. This is also due to the high water consumption for mirror cleaning and cooling of the steam cycle.

Missing memory and the consequences

Since solar power is always generated intermittently, sufficient and cost-effective energy storage are indispensable: If the power generation is not according to demand, electricity that is not needed at the moment, not only worthless but must be removed at high cost from the network, while missing Electricity must be compensated by reserve capacity.

This was shown dramatically in January / February 2012, as during a three-week, stable high pressure situation with Siberian cold snap and failure of total German wind and PV capacity of around 63 GW Central Europe only by the German lignite power plants during these three weeks 10% over capacity, was saved from a total power failure.

Due to lack of energy storage in photovoltaic or completely inadequate and expensive storage in mirror technologies and high costs, these solar technologies must now be considered as phased-out models.

Storing large amounts of electricity directly into batteries is ineffective and far too expensive for the time being. The storage capacity of batteries / accumulators is basically much too low. They age quickly and lose about 20% of the stored energy with each cycle. Within the foreseeable future, fundamental improvements are not expected.

Pumped storage plants, hitherto celebrated as ideal energy storage, are relatively expensive and almost exhausted from the possible locations, at least in Europe. In addition, they have a 20% loss per cycle and, due to the necessarily very small upper water storage, only small storage capacities, so they are actually only for the delivery of daily power peaks in question. They, too, could not and can not replace the lack of storage in solar technologies.

Using the network as a storage facility is a very expensive sham package because it is used as a reliable base load power plant Produce fossil fuel or nuclear power plants as reserve power plants in the on-off operation much more expensive and still consume fuel in the off-mode to shorten start-up times. In Germany, for example, the state-of-the-art gas-fired power plant currently in operation in Germany is to be closed with an efficiency of 62% at the Irschenberg in Bavaria, because operation is not worthwhile due to erratic shutdowns in favor of renewable energy power plants. The uncontrolled rising electricity costs in Germany show that this sham will not be affordable in the long run.

In addition to short- and medium-term storage, the long-term storage of solar energy to balance between winter and summer is particularly important, because even in many sun-rich desert areas, winter performance reaches only 50% of summer performance. The lack of such storage has contributed to the fact that the solar systems in Germany, whose winter power must be provided by fossil power plants, have contributed to the rapid rise in electricity prices there very considerably.

Storage is also indispensable for wind turbines

In this context, the horizontal wind systems near the ground must be mentioned as indirect solar systems, because they also draw their energy from the solar radiation from the daily thermal updraft as a result of convection over the heated soil and the evaporation of water, the drive entire planetary wind system.

First, it should be noted that the capacity factor of the individual wind turbines in Germany according to the RWI RWI is only 22%, ie. H. they provide only 22% of the possible average annual output, of which 60% of the year is less than 10%. The system efficiency of all wind turbines taken together is surprisingly only 20%, although it would have to be much higher after the previous mantra of renewable energies by mutual compensation. There is only one explanation for this: The losses in the synchronization of the 32,000 wind turbines in the German AC grid, whose power is constantly changing, so that there is constant readjustment, amount to more than 10% of the total power generated in wind turbines. They also need integrated or connected storage.

This constant, the whole network disturbing Nachregelungen for synchronization but have even more far-reaching consequences: Even before, but especially since the energy transition occur according to RWI micro-voltage interruptions, which act as false signals and have led to millions of dollars in automatic German production facilities. They now have to send their previously modulated signals to the normal alternating current for the process controllers in separate, internal networks.

Since wind turbines automatically switch off when the wind speeds are too high, hundreds of wind turbines that have just given off maximum power into the grid will fall out within minutes, so that conventional power plants will have to run in reserve on full steam and already synchronized, their performance initially flooded the network in Germany. This surplus electricity is sold with high additional payments abroad, but also disturbs the network there, so z. For example, in the meantime, Poland is sealing off its own power grid against strong currents from strong winds. Thus, the priority feed-in of electricity from renewable energies in Germany has led to absurdity and caused huge financial losses in the network, which exceed the high feed-in tariffs many times, make the river senseless more expensive and thus significantly damage the entire German economy to the point of emigration entire power-intensive industries.

These losses have to be assigned to the costs of production of the mentioned solar technologies, which shows that their real power generation costs have long since exceeded any reasonable level.

All previous solar technologies have failed

All previous direct or (wind) derived solar technologies subsidized by feed-in tariffs are economically dead as soon as the feed-in tariffs cease to exist. Thus, despite billions in subsidies, they have not become competitive and even cause damage, even though the German Renewable Energy Act (EEG) stipulated that they would only be subsidized for 10 years, ie until 2008, and that they would have to be competitive by then. They are as far away as ever. This can also be seen from the fact that so far not a single, fossil fuel-fired power plant could be closed, because they have to stand up to a greater extent as reserve power plants for the failures of the RE. Thus these solar technologies are to be regarded as failed.

Reasons of failure

• • Ihre notwendigerweise großen Solarfelder hinreichend kostengünstig zu erstellen;
• • Integrierte oder direkt angeschlossene, steuerbare Langzeit-Energiespeicher hoher Kapazität zu entwickeln und zu bauen, um dann Strom zu liefern, wenn er benötigt wird;
• • Dadurch ihren Kapazitätsfaktor zu erhöhen. Heute liegt Wind bei 20% und PV bei 8,5% in Deutschland, sodass für die gleiche Jahresleistung eines Fossilkraftwerks 5 Windturbinen bzw. 11 PV-Anlagen gleicher Leistung erforderlich sind;
• • Die Versorgungssicherheit ihrer Kraftwerke sicher zu stellen, die zurzeit bei Null liegt.

The reason is that the previous solar technologies have failed:

• • create your necessarily large solar fields sufficiently cheaply;
• • Develop and build integrated, or directly connected, long-term, controllable, long-term energy storage devices to provide power when needed;
• • thereby increasing their capacity factor. Today, wind is 20% and PV is 8.5% in Germany, so that 5 wind turbines or 11 PV plants of the same power are required for the same annual output of a fossil power plant;
• • To ensure the security of supply of their power plants, which is currently at zero.

HOW CAME TO DEVELOP THE SOLAIR TURBINE

The impressively simple and reliable wind turbine (AWK) by Prof. Schlaich, which Stinnes introduced as an energy consultant to the North Cape Province in South Africa in 1996 as a possible technology, had a very low solar-electric efficiency of around 1%, because with a 1,000 m Only 10% of the pressure difference between space and the base of the chimney or 10% of the Carnot efficiency (theoretical limit for thermal power plants) of 12% could be used for the chimney.

By developing the GreenTower (GT) with greenhouse and additional, high revenue from the AWK since 1998, Stinnes pushed the 1,500 m chimney with 50% higher theoretical power, introduced a special insulating glass (triple power) in 2004 and the GT u. a. In 2010, when adding an overpressure steam cycle, it increased the AWK's output by a factor of 18, with the same dimensions and investment costs. Restricting the GT to 100 ° C maximum temperature to prevent overcooking of the water reservoirs limited its actual efficiency to 20, however %. Integrated controllable long-term heat storage with rock pools as a reserve stored heat, so that even the GT could deliver the full power at any time. An integrated water desalination provided the water for the GT agriculture in the desert.

The logical further development of the Solair pressure turbine with an increase in the upper working temperature to 200 ° C increased the efficiency to 30% and thus made the steam cycle, the air-suction circuit with chimney and the collector superfluous, so that their investment costs are now eliminated. For this it is much simpler, but also has an integrated heat storage and an integrated water desalination.

The trademark of the GT, to restore soil fertility through humus and greening deserts, will be continued with the Solair turbine, as well as humus farming with its extremely high yields. In addition, the Solair turbine is ideally suited to raise the summer power low of geothermal power plants to winter value by injecting solar heat and to give them an extremely high efficiency of 30% and more due to the lack of heat losses.

The combination of Solair high-performance humus, which gives even eroded desert soils the highest fertility and water retention, with the extremely low-cost power generation and desalination of the Solair turbine is the only way, in addition to the more expensive and expensive GreenTower, the currently most pressing problem humanity, namely the ever faster advancing, global soil erosion and desertification to stop or reverse, which threatens the food base of all humanity. Experts estimate that we only have 50 years left.

What makes the Solair turbine better than previous solar technologies

• – statt hochkristallinen Siliziums amorphes Glas und damit ein strukturell deutlich billigeres Material für das Solarfeld verwendet, d. h. das z. Zt. billigste Material in Solarfeldern;
• – Steuerbare, integrierte Energiespeicher mit Wasser als dem billigsten und effektivsten Material für die Speicherung von Niedertemperatur-Wärme verwendet, die gleichzeitig als ideale schwarze Körper zur Absorption der Solarstrahlung dienen;
• – diese mit Felsspeichern als billigsten Langzeitspeichern für Niedertemperaturwärme kombiniert;
• – mit hocheffizientem, IR-reflektierenden Isolierglas alle Wärmeverluste unterdrückt und damit trotz niedrigen Carnot-Wirkungsgrades bzw. Arbeitstemperatur den bei weitem höchsten Flächenwirkungsgrad und damit die geringsten Flächenkosten pro MW hat;
• – einen Halbzylinder aus Glas als Solarkollektor und Druckkessel einsetzt und damit Luft als Arbeitsmedium verwendet, das hinter der Arbeitsturbine nicht gekühlt werden muss.
• – die Höchsttemperatur und damit den Carnot-Wirkungsgrad nicht zu hoch ansetzt, weil IR-Verluste mit der 4. Potenz der absoluten Temperatur steigen und damit oberhalb 400°C die Verluste schnell nicht mehr beherrschbar sind, z. B. bei Spiegeltechnologien,
• – mit den Speichern oben einen Kapazitätsfaktor von nahezu 100% erreicht;
• – mit der einfachen Konstruktion und robusten, wartungsfreien Ausführung der Solair-Turbine eine Verfügbarkeit von nahezu 100% erreicht und damit die höchste Versorgungssicherheit aller stromerzeugenden Technologien;
• – die Wärmeenergie in ihren Speichern auch zur Wasserentsalzung nutzt und durch Entsalzung Landwirtschaft in Wüsten und Trockengebieten fast weltweit möglich macht;
• – durch Kombination mit Solair-Humuserzeugung und -Landwirtschaft erodierten Böden ihre Fruchtbarkeit zurückgibt, Wüsten begrünt und große Mengen CO2 sequestriert.

The above invention avoids the above-mentioned defects of the previous promoted solar technologies by:

• - Instead of highly crystalline silicon amorphous glass and thus a structurally much cheaper material used for the solar field, ie the z. Currently cheapest material in solar fields;
• - Controllable, integrated energy storage using water as the cheapest and most effective material for the storage of low-temperature heat, which at the same time serve as the ideal black body for absorbing the solar radiation;
• - combined with rock pools as the cheapest long-term storage for low-temperature heat;
• - Suppresses all heat losses with highly efficient, IR-reflective insulating glass and thus has by far the highest surface efficiency and thus the lowest area cost per MW despite low Carnot efficiency or working temperature;
• - uses a half-cylinder of glass as a solar collector and pressure vessel and thus uses air as a working medium that does not need to be cooled behind the power turbine.
• - The maximum temperature and thus the Carnot efficiency does not set too high, because IR losses increase with the 4th power of the absolute temperature and thus above 400 ° C, the losses are quickly no longer manageable, z. In mirror technologies,
• - reached with the memories above a capacity factor of nearly 100%;
• - achieves nearly 100% availability with the simple design and robust, maintenance-free design of the Solair turbine, providing the highest level of supply security for all power-generating technologies;
• - uses the heat energy in their reservoirs for water desalination and makes desalination agriculture in deserts and drylands almost worldwide possible;
• - by combining with Solair humus production and agriculture eroded soil returns fertility, greening deserts and sequestering large amounts of CO2.

FUNCTIONING AND DESCRIPTION

The heart of the invention consists of a pressure body, the upper half cylinder of tempered solar glass and the lower water basin with bottom formed half cylinder made of foam concrete or a corresponding material. At the cylinder outlet is a power turbine, which supplies power via a linear generator to the grid and the compressor at the cylinder inlet, which presses cold air into the pressure vessel and is controlled by pressure sensors [1]. Thus, the power turbine and compressor are decoupled in contrast to conventional gas turbines A mechanical connection over the necessary long distance would be impractical and too expensive.

Start of the Solair turbine

The system is started by a coupled motor or accumulator or external current that drive the electric motor of the compressor and / or by closing the pressure vessel after taking cold air and wait until enough pressure difference has built up to run the power turbine and finally on the to bring required performance. Since the energy storage devices lose no heat, the turbine can start relatively quickly when the storage tanks are fairly full [2].

Maintenance of the glass cylinder

As dust storms occur in many countries and more and more particulate matter is in the air, self-rotating water pressure washers are installed between the glass cylinders on stands, whose wastewater flows back into the water cycle. Even sand is removed [3]. To replace cylinder segments, assembly cars run on rails between the glass cylinders, which mount the replacement segments from above [4].

Controllable energy storage in integrated hot water pools

At the same time, the liquid basins, which are colored black inside or covered with black plastic sheets, serve as ideal black bodies that completely absorb the incident visible radiation [5] and as heat storage, which transfers their heat energy essentially via convection to the air passing through it. 6]. The depth of the pools, the heat capacity of the liquid and the temperature determine the amount of energy stored in these pools, usually a few days.

Water, thermal oil and other storage media

Normally, you take because of the lowest cost and the highest heat capacity water as a storage material, which also, as shown below, opens up the possibility to desalt water very easily and at the lowest cost, z. B. 15.5 bar pressure required to prevent boiling in the storage tank at 200 ° C. However, should tempered glass be very expensive and thermo-oil very cheap, which boils only at 405 ° C, z. B. Use thermal oil or similar other liquid [7].

Because the pressure increase at a temperature of 180 ° C in the turbine is only 0.38 bar, one could operate with a pressure of 1 bar in the cylinder, the turbine with the same efficiency of 30% as the turbine with water storage shown above and 15.5 bar pressure and thus significantly reduce the glass cost. At the moment, however, it is virtually impossible to obtain low-cost thermal oil.

In the presence of hot water, geothermal energy (wet rock) can be optimally combined with the Solair turbine, because it can keep the temperature difference and thus the power output high and constant in the summer low of the geothermal power plants by solar heating up and by their high efficiency of 30% and Bringing more combined efficiencies and outputs to more combined Solair geothermal power plants [8].

Higher efficiencies with thermal oil

When using thermo-oil or a similar high-boiling storage liquid can go with the temperature and higher than 200 ° C, but then gradually heat loss can be felt, which is possibly with a further modified insulating glass to 400 ° C upper operating temperature largely can keep under control [9].

Thus, the Solair turbine can be achieved by using thermal oil to an efficiency of about 60%, with direct desalination in a separate, internal pipe circuit is possible, while the glass costs do not increase due to lack of vapor pressure. Overall, the structure with desalination water but more complicated. Possibly. With other liquids even higher temperatures and efficiencies can be achieved, but costs must be weighed against benefits.

rock memory

In order to compensate for the seasonal fluctuation between winter and summer performance, pipes are laid in the storage basins, via which water can be fed in and out of heat in rock storage near the liquid heat storage tanks [10]. The water cycle to the rock is closed to protect the groundwater and is under pressure to store and extract energy at temperatures higher than 100 ° C. The more detailed description is reserved for a supplementary patent.

Integrated desalination

If the ponds are filled with salt water and boiled at the upper working temperature (200 ° C at the top), steam is generated which can be recondensed and recondensed as fresh water, which requires heat exchangers with very large contact areas because of the high heat equivalent [11 ]. By passing this steam in pressure pipes through the water tanks on the cold side, they heat up the inflowing, cold salt water, so that you can completely recover the heat because of the very large heat exchanger surfaces over the long pipes in the water storage. The high heat conduction coefficient of freshwater pipe wall saltwater also contributes to this. A more detailed description is reserved for a supplementary patent.

Glass cylinder without loss of bum

In order to minimize the infrared (IR) radiation losses at 200 ° C and above, a special glass of three layers with two special, IR-reflecting layers is used [12], which is also the subject of an additional patent. Due to the preliminary work of Bottenbruch in 2010, the co-inventor, shows an analogously constructed, simpler insulating glass at 100 ° C no heat loss, because the outer glass layer is heated by the atmospheric counter radiation to the extent that the heat loss of the glass collector of IR radiation and Heat conduction losses go back to zero. Stinnes was able to show that with certain coatings the 3-layer insulating glass at the top completely suppresses heat losses even at 200 ° C and thus the main energy losses can be eliminated.

The solar field

For best space utilization, the glass cylinders are arranged in parallel in the solar field. Since wide turns do not cause significant flow losses, they can be mounted on hilly or even mountainous terrain on the contour lines [13] and do not require large levels such as the giant GreenTower power plants with their large collectors of 7 km in diameter. The combination of multiple pressure cylinders in a turbine and a compressor is also possible. This can save ongoing and investment costs - a 10 MW turbine is cheaper than 10 one-MW turbines - and can also make room for the necessary large diffuser at the output of the power turbine.

Modular power plant construction

Solair power plants are modularly constructed from relatively small turbine units [14]. In a sun-drenched area, a 1 Megawatt Solair turbine requires approximately 1.25 Ha of glass-covered irradiation surface at the expected efficiency of 30% at 200 ° C upper working temperature, which is probably the most practical optimum in price / performance. These small units can be interconnected to large power plants and, thanks to their low maintenance and extremely high reliability, with a design life span of 200 years, reach an availability of almost 100%. These co-located power plants can be controlled from a central office with minimal manpower and thus manage with minimal, ongoing costs of less than 0.1% of the investment costs per year.

Solair-small power plants

Solair turbines can also be used decentrally as small power stations [15]. This is of particular interest for small islands in the oceans and oases in desert areas, especially since then with the expansion of the oasis by irrigation other small power plants can be easily built and long supply lines can be avoided.

No synchronization losses

Solair small-scale power plants avoid the high synchronization losses of wind power and PV plants because they can keep their performance constant or adjust thanks to their integrated controllable heat storage with centralized control, eliminating the need for constant readjustment [16]. This saves, as shown above, between 10 and 20% of the generated power when these small power stations are interconnected or with a larger network.

Floating power plants

As Solair's integrated water / liquid storage tanks are made from special high-foamed, high-density foamed concrete weighing around 800 kg / m ³ , Solair turbines are automatically buoyant and can be used in sheltered waters such as lakes. For example, lagoons can be mounted floating in ring atolls or river deltas [17]. This can z. B. numerous South Sea islands or river delta areas are supplied by Solair power plants without loss of land with solar power and the islands possibly with fresh water.

The unique combination of power plant, water desalination and humus

Although initially remote, the combination of the Solair turbine and water desalination with the Solair high-performance humus is of cardinal and global importance because only the combination of Solair humus with its extreme fertility and water retention with the extremely cost-effective Solair desalination and with the extremely cost-effective Solair power for the pump energy needed to halt worldwide soil erosion and desertification [18].

How important this topic is, goes out of one Article of the Handelsblatt of 13.01.2011, in which under the title "Global economy no longer cope with a new crisis" from the risk report of the World Economic Forum is reported:
"Another central risk is that WEF experts see the subject of resource security. The limited availability of raw materials, water and energy set clear limits for growth and could ignite new trouble spots. The rapid increase in commodity prices last year sees economists as a threat to the global economy. It is not just about economically sensitive commodities such as oil, copper or rare earths, but also about raw materials for foods such as wheat, corn or sugar. The price increases of recent months have fueled fears of hunger revolts, especially in developing and emerging countries. The WEF experts warn that these problems will become even more acute because demand for water, food and energy will increase by 30 to 50% in the coming years. "

The cover picture, which shows a withered field that reaches to the horizon, has the inscription: "Drought in the Chinese province of Gansu: Food and water shortage are among the biggest risks in the world."

The fact that India, which was still self-sufficient in 1970, imports more than 50% of its food today and China more than 10% of its staple food and 60% of its protein needs, shows that the 50-year window mentioned by informed experts may still be too high is seized.

What is special about this high-performance humus?

The high-performance humus so important in the Solair combination (see Figure 2) is a complex organic compound with the largest internal surface, consisting of fine capillaries that adsorb water, plant nutrients and bacteria, and coarse capillaries for best soil aeration. Humus does not naturally form in arid or tropical areas but only in the temperate zones by complete polymerization of the (aromatic) humus monomers by the bacterial family of actinomycetes (1,000-fold bacterial density compared to normal soil). These and other soil bacteria dissolve the soil minerals and make them plant-available, which causes natural soil fertility with a root growth of 1 meter in 3 days and thus the highest soil fertility ever. Since actinomycetes produce 80 antibiotics, plants in humus soils need no pesticide protection. Nitrogen is produced by certain microbes in the humus soil (from 10% humus in the soil), so that no mineral fertilizer is required. Good humus stores water extremely well and is indispensable for the greening of deserts and the renaturation of eroded soil [19], which no longer contain any mucilage as a putty for the fine sediment in the soil due to the death of the soil bacteria, so that the fine sediment washed out and blown is deposited in other continents as particulate matter.

CO2 sequestration

The thermally and chemically extremely stable Solair humus sequesters large amounts of CO2 as plowed humus in the soil. Since this z. The only certifiable CO2 sequestration currently available is Solair-Humus CO2 Certificates, unlike underground storage of liquid CO2, which is highly likely to be re-emitted into the atmosphere. Since European coal-fired power plants will in future require free CO2 certificates for cheap power generation, they are natural investors in Solair power plants. But other CO2 emitters can also contribute to the rapid dissemination of Solair power plants by investing in them and thus contribute to the restoration of many eroded soils in dry and desert areas [20], so that it does not even belong to the the experts feared worldwide hunger disaster comes.

CO2 CIRCULATION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

The real reason for the fearsome big hunger catastrophe lies in the worldwide rapid erosion of the soil, which manifests itself in dramatically increasing dust storms, due to the decrease of bacterial slime in the soil, which acts as a cement for the fine sediment in the soil. The soil bacteria are then dead, which is accompanied by a dramatic decrease of organic matter in the soil. Justus von Liebig had already discovered before 1850 that plants using energy from sunlight to produce their high-energy hydrocarbons and protein building blocks from the assimilated CO2 of the air, making CO2 the most important plant food!

Much of the organic matter in the soil consists of soil bacteria and roots or their residues, whose hydrocarbons serve as high-energy food for the soil bacteria, which in symbiotic interaction provide the plants dissolved soil minerals as additional plant food. The organic substances in the soil are thereby reduced again to CO2, whereby the cycle is closed. However, fully polymerized (high performance) humus is not degraded. It occurs naturally only in the forests of temperate zones, is stable up to 550 ° C and must therefore be produced in humid areas in humus reactors.

From older soil surveys in Germany it can be seen that arable land had on average an organic content of 6%, which according to the latest research has now dropped to just 1%. This dramatic development has progressed much further in many regions, such as the drylands of Africa, China and India, so that one must assume an average decrease of at least half of the organic matter in the top soil layer worldwide, also because of the destroyed rainforests. According to these older figures, 2000 gigatons of carbon were in the form of organic material in this uppermost soil layer, while the content of CO2 in the atmosphere was 360 ppm at 750 gigatons Celsius.

According to the latest measurements, with a decrease of 1000 gigatonnes C in the soil and its release into the air, the average CO2 content in the air would have had to increase to at least 840 ppm C, possibly even to 900 ppm. However, since only 400 ppm C was measured, this CO2 must have been dissolved in the oceans, which contain about 40,000 gigatons C according to the above measurements.

Thus, the climate models of the IPCC and the IPCC are wrong, after which the world would have to sink into a glutölle, because they underestimated the role of CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean, the fluctuations of solar radiation and the outgassing of CO2 from the soil criminally and downplayed. This is also the wrong signals have been set, because the CO2 emissions from transport and industry are tiny against the recently increased gas emissions from the top soil layer. So z. For example, biologically important rainforests have been sacrificed in favor of oil palms on the altar of CO2 avoidance and huge erosion damage has been caused, which has ultimately released a multiple of CO2!

The combination of the Solair turbine with desalination and humus farming is the only available option today for reversing this human-threatening loss of organic matter in the soil in a timely manner by plowing long-term high-performance humus on a world scale. Not only does this solution provide the only affordable and timely solution, it also provides a global increase in food production even in desert areas thanks to the vast increase in soil fertility for most of the earth, which still buys centuries even with large population growth.

It also solves the looming problem of increasing scarcity of raw materials, because the very cheap and now unlimited available Solair stream makes the reprocessing of scarce resources possible on a large scale and thus even a growing humanity here still some centuries to buy time. Thus, the combination of power generation, desalination and humus agriculture at affordable costs is one of the most important innovations in human history.

Even the EU's actually superfluous climate goals are incidentally achieved in this way without burdens on the European or German economy.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited non-patent literature

• Article of the Handelsblatt of 13.01.2011, in which under the title "Global economy cope with no new crisis" from the risk report of the World Economic Forum [0044]

Claims (20)

Claim [1] According to the invention, this first claim includes a pressure body (See 1 ), whose upper half-cylinder of tempered solar glass and its lower water basin with bottom formed half cylinder made of foam concrete with fiber reinforcement or a corresponding material. At the cylinder outlet is a power turbine, which supplies power via a (linear) generator to the mains and the compressor at the cylinder inlet, which presses cold air into the pressure vessel and is controlled by pressure sensors. Thus, power turbine and compressor are decoupled in contrast to conventional gas turbines. A mechanical connection over the long distance would be impractical and too expensive. Claim [2] Solair solar turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the system according to the invention by a coupled motor or accumulator or external current is started, which drive the electric motor of the compressor and / or by closing the pressure vessel after taking cold air and waiting, until enough pressure difference has built up by the solar radiation or storage heat to bring the power turbine to run and finally to the required performance. Claim [3] Solair sun turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that according to the invention are mounted between the glass cylinders on stands self-rotating water pressure washer, since in many countries dust storms occur and more and more fine dust in the air. The wastewater flows back into the water cycle. Even sand is removed. Claim [4] Solair sun turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that for the purpose of replacing cylinder segments in glass breakage assembly vehicles run on rails between the glass cylinders, which mount the new segments from above. Claim [5] Solair sun turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that according to the invention the internally black colored or designed with black plastic sheets liquid basin of 1 serve as ideal black bodies that completely absorb the incident visible radiation. Claim [6] Solair sun turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the inside black-colored or designed with black plastic sheets liquid basin of 1 According to the invention serve as a heat storage, which deliver their heat energy controlled by convection substantially to the überstreichende air, the depth of the pool, heat capacity of the liquid and the temperature determine the amount of energy stored in these basins. Claim [7] Solair sun turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that according to the invention takes water as a storage material because of the lowest cost and the highest heat capacity, wherein in the example of 1 Pressure of 15.5 bar needed to prevent boiling in the storage tank at 200 ° C. If, however, the tempered glass is very expensive and thermo-oil very cheap, which boils only at 405 ° C, according to the invention will use thermal oil or similar other liquid. Then you could operate with an overpressure of about 1 bar in the cylinder, the turbine with the same efficiency of 30% as the turbine shown above with water storage and 15.5 bar pressure and thus significantly reduce the cost of glass. Claim [8] Solair solar turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that in the presence of hot water from geothermal (wet rock) this invention can be optimally combined with the Solair turbine because they in the summer low of geothermal power plants by solar heating up the temperature difference and so that the power output can be kept high and constant and its high efficiency gives this combined cycle power plant a much higher efficiency and higher performance. Claim [9] Solair sun turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that according to the invention with the use of thermal oil or a similar high-boiling storage liquid with the temperature can go higher than 200 ° C, but then gradually heat losses are felt , which can possibly be kept under control with a still further modified insulating glass up to 400 ° C upper operating temperature. Thus, the Solair turbine achieves an efficiency of almost 60% through the use of thermal oil, whereby direct desalination of water in a separate, internal pipe circuit is possible, while the glass costs are not significantly increased due to lack of vapor pressure. Possibly. With other liquids and / or overpressure even higher temperatures and efficiencies can be achieved. Claim [10] Solair sun turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that according to the invention pipes are laid in the storage tank, via which one controlled by water heat in rock storage near the liquid heat storage and can feed to the seasonal fluctuation between winter and compensate for summer performance. The water cycle to Rock is closed to protect the groundwater and is under pressure to store and extract energy at temperatures higher than 100 ° C. Claim [11] Solair sun turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that one can boil the filled with salt water tank storage according to the invention at the upper working temperature (example above 200 ° C), so that steam is formed, which is sucked and recondensed as fresh water. By passing this steam in pressure pipes through the water tanks on the cold side, they heat up the inflowing, cold salt water, so that you can completely recover the heat because of the very large heat exchanger surfaces through the long pipes in the water tanks. The high heat conduction coefficient of freshwater pipe wall saltwater also contributes to this. Claim [12] Solair sun turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that a special glass according to the invention of three layers with two special, IR-reflecting layers for the printing cylinder is used to the infrared (IR) radiation losses at 200 ° C and above to minimize. In this case, this 3-layer insulating glass at 200 ° C shows no heat loss, because the outer glass layer is heated by the atmospheric counter radiation to the extent that the heat losses of the glass collector from IR radiation and heat conduction losses go back to zero. Claim [13] Solair sun turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that for the purpose of best surface utilization , the glass cylinders are arranged in parallel in the solar field. In hilly or hilly terrain they are mounted according to the invention in wide curves parallel to the contour lines without significant flow losses. The combination of multiple pressure cylinders in a turbine and a compressor is also possible, which saves running and investment costs and makes room for the necessary large diffusers at the output of the power turbine. Claim [14] Solair solar turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that Solair power plants are modularly constructed from relatively small turbine units. In a sun-drenched area, a 1 Megawatt Solair turbine typically requires 1.25 Ha glass-coated radiating surface at the expected efficiency of 30% at 200 ° C upper working temperature. These small units of typically 10 MW can be switched to large power plants according to the invention together. Thanks to their freedom of maintenance according to the invention and extremely high reliability with a design life of 200 years, they have an availability of almost 100%. These interconnected power plants according to the invention can be controlled from a central office with minimal personnel costs, so that they can be operated with minimal, running costs of less than 0.1% of the investment costs per year. Claim [15] Solair sun turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that Solair turbines can be used according to the invention as a small power plants decentralized. These are especially important for small islands in the ocean and oases in desert areas. Claim [16] Solair solar turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that Solair small power plants according to the invention avoid the high synchronization losses of wind turbines and PV systems because they keep constant or adjust the performance thanks to their integrated controllable heat storage even with centralized control can, so that the constant readjustment is eliminated. This saves between 10 and 20% of the power generated when these small power stations are connected to each other or to a larger network. Claim [17] Solair sun turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the integrated water / liquid storage of Solair Tubine of a foamed special concrete with high thermal insulation and a density of z. B. 800 kg / m ³ and the Solair turbines are thus automatically buoyant. You can according to the invention in protected waters such. B. lagoons floating in ring atolls or river deltas. This can z. B. numerous South Sea islands or river delta areas are supplied according to the invention by Solair power plants without loss of land with solar power and the islands, if necessary, with fresh water. Claim [18] Solair air turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that according to the invention the extremely inexpensive Solair water desalination and the extremely cost-effective Solair flow for the required pump energy is combined with the Solair humus with its extremely high fertility and water retention, to stop global soil erosion and desertification. Claim [19] Solair sun turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that according to the invention high-performance humus (see 2 ), a complex organic compound with the largest internal surface, consisting of fine capillaries that absorb plant nutrients, water and bacteria, and is combined from coarse capillaries for best soil aeration. Because humus does not naturally occur in arid or tropical areas According to the invention, this high-performance humus is produced in specially developed Solair humus reactors in order to utilize the extremely high soil fertility with a root growth of 1 m in 3 days and the protection of 80 humus own antibiotics in order to avoid the harmful side effects of pesticides. According to the invention, nitrogen and the other required plant nutrients are produced by certain microbes in the humus soil, so that no artificial fertilization is required. Thus, high-performance humus according to the invention in the combination mentioned indispensable for the greening of deserts and the renaturation of eroded soil. Claim [20] Solair sun turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermally and chemically extremely long-term stable Solair humus sequestered large amounts of CO2 as a plowed humus in the soil. Since this z. Zt. The only certifiable CO2 sequestration is, according to the invention can receive only Solair humus CO2 certificates in contrast to the underground storage of liquid CO2, which outgas almost certainly back into the atmosphere. Since European coal-fired power plants will in future require free CO2 certificates for cheap power generation, they are natural investors in or financing for Solair power plants according to the invention. But other CO2 emitters can also contribute to the rapid dissemination of Solair power plants through investments and thus to the renaturation of eroded soils in dry and desert areas, so that it does not even come to the experts feared worldwide hunger disaster. Even the EU's actually superfluous climate goals are incidentally achieved in this way without burdens on the European or German economy.

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