DE102014001110B4 - A method of manufacturing a cylinder crankcase assembly and corresponding cylinder crankcase assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for producing a cylinder crankcase assembly (1), comprising the steps of: providing a cylinder crankcase (2), inserting a cylinder liner (4) into a cylinder (3) formed in the cylinder crankcase (2) by means of thermal joining, the cylinder liner (4 ) at the onset of a first temperature and the cylinder crankcase (2) has a second temperature different from the first temperature, and - tempering the cylinder liner (4) and the cylinder crankcase (2) after insertion to a common third temperature, wherein in the cylinder (3) a stop surface (5) for the cylinder liner (4) is formed and the cylinder liner (4) has a stop surface (5) opposite Gegenanschlagsfläche (9), characterized in that the cylinder liner (4) in such a way in the cylinder (3 ) is inserted, that when inserting a distance between the stop surface (5) and the Geg abutment surface (9), so that the abutment surface (5) and the counter stop surface (9) are spaced apart immediately after insertion, and the distance is selected such that after the tempering to the third temperature, the abutment surface (5) and the counter stop surface ( 9) abut each other.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a cylinder crankcase assembly, comprising the steps of: providing a cylinder crankcase; Inserting a cylinder liner into a cylinder formed in the cylinder crankcase by means of thermal joining, wherein the cylinder liner at the onset of a first temperature and the cylinder crankcase having a second temperature different from the first temperature; and tempering the cylinder liner and the cylinder crankcase after insertion to a common third temperature and wherein in the cylinder a stop face for the cylinder liner is formed and the cylinder liner has a stop surface opposite Gegenanschlagsfläche. The cylinder crankcase assembly is for example part of an internal combustion engine. It consists at least of the cylinder crankcase and at least one cylinder liner. Of course, further elements may be provided as components of the cylinder crankcase assembly. If the cylinder crankcase has a plurality of cylinders, or if a plurality of cylinders are formed in the cylinder crankcase, then the cylinder crankcase arrangement preferably has a respective cylinder liner for each of the cylinders.

In the case of the internal combustion engine, a piston is arranged in the axial direction with respect to a longitudinal central axis of the respective cylinder in each of the cylinders. In order to improve the interaction of cylinder and piston, in particular to meet high tribological demands and / or to facilitate the replacement of wearing parts, the cylinder liner is inserted into the cylinder. This is arranged in the radial direction with respect to the cylinder longitudinal center axis of the cylinder between the piston and an inner wall of the cylinder. Accordingly, the cylinder liner forms a running surface for the piston provided in the cylinder at least partially, in particular completely. Under the running surface is that surface of an inner contour of the cylinder and / or the cylinder liner to understand, which is swept over during a cycle of the internal combustion engine in the axial direction of the piston.

For example, the cylinder crankcase made of a light metal, in particular aluminum or an aluminum alloy, preferably a magnesium-aluminum alloy. Alternatively, the cylinder crankcase also made. Iron, in particular made of cast iron. The cylinder liner may also be made of a light metal, such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy, or iron, such as cast iron. Also steel or a steel alloy can be used as material for the cylinder liner. For example, the cylinder crankcase and the cylinder liner made of different materials. The cylinder liner is designed, for example, substantially hollow cylindrical.

To produce the cylinder crank assembly, the procedure is as follows: First, the cylinder crankcase is provided or manufactured, for example by casting. After casting, the cylinder crankcase can be machined by a chip removing process. Subsequently, the cylinder liner is inserted into the cylinder of the cylinder crankcase or fastened in this. For this purpose, the thermal joining is used. In this case, the cylinder liner is brought to the first temperature and the cylinder crankcase to the second temperature, wherein these two temperatures differ from each other. The cylinder liner is designed such that it is held stationary at normal temperature or in a normal temperature range, which is to be expected during operation of the cylinder crankcase assembly or the internal combustion engine, preferably in the radial direction in the cylinder crankcase, for example by interference fit.

By setting different temperatures for the cylinder liner and the cylinder crankcase, the outer dimensions of the cylinder liner and / or the inner dimensions of the cylinder can be so influenced or adjusted, in particular at different coefficients of thermal expansion of the cylinder liner and cylinder crankcase that between cylinder liner and cylinder wall no or only a small Surface pressure occurs, so that the insertion of the cylinder liner is possible in the cylinder with little effort.

In the cylinder, the stop surface for the cylinder liner is now realized, while the cylinder liner has the counter stop surface. These are designed such that they bear against one another for supporting the cylinder liner in the cylinder in the axial direction, if the cylinder liner is inserted sufficiently far into the cylinder during insertion. For example, the counter stop surface of the abutment surface for this purpose in the axial direction with respect to a longitudinal center axis of the cylinder opposite. The abutment surface may be arranged parallel to the counter stop surface.

From the prior art, for example, the publication DE 196 09 588 C1 known. This shows for crankcases of internal combustion engines, the insertion of liners in cylinder bores. In order to carry out this insertion automatically, it is proposed by the cited document, to align the liner in a separate device above the associated cylinder bores and then let fall into the cylinder bore without further aids. For this purpose, the liners are cooled and the crankcase itself heated.

From the prior art, for example, the publication DE 10 2009 023 332 A1 known. This relates to a cylinder crankcase with a cylinder bore and a cylinder liner inserted therein. It is provided that the cylinder liner is secured in the cylinder crankcase by a friction weld. Furthermore, the document describes US 2006/0249116 A1 an internal combustion engine with exchange cylinder liners, which are larger than originally present cylinder liners. Finally, from the publication US 7,513,237 B1 an internal combustion engine and a method for producing an internal combustion engine known.

It is an object of the invention to propose a method for producing a cylinder crankcase arrangement, which is improved over the cited prior art, in particular avoids manufacturing-related stresses in the cylinder crankcase and / or the cylinder liner.

This is achieved according to the invention by a method having the features of claim 1. It is provided that the cylinder liner is inserted into the cylinder such that there is a distance between the abutment surface and the counter stop surface during insertion, so that the abutment surface and the counter stop surface are spaced apart immediately after insertion, and the distance is selected such that After tempering to the third temperature, the abutment surface and the counter stop surface abut each other. By this is to be understood that when inserting always or at any time during insertion, the distance, the stop surface and the counter-attack surface so do not come into contact with each other during the entire insertion. This also means that immediately after insertion, the stop surface and the counter stop surface have the distance between them, so are spaced apart. In that regard, the distance is always greater than zero. The distance is in particular in the axial direction with respect to the longitudinal center axis of the cylinder or the cylinder liner. Under the distance, for example, the shortest distance between the stop surface and counter stop surface to understand.

With the aid of this distance between the abutment surface and the counter-stop surface, it is achieved that no or at most slight tensioning of the two elements in the axial direction occurs with an adjustment of the cylinder liner and cylinder crankcase temperatures following the insertion of the cylinder liner into the cylinder. When the temperatures are matched to one another, not only is the desired production of the frictional connection between cylinder liner and cylinder wall in the radial direction, but also a change in the dimensions of cylinder liner and / or cylinder crankcase in the axial direction. If, immediately after insertion or at the end of insertion, the cylinder liner with its counterstop surface rests on the abutment surface of the cylinder, these two surfaces are possibly displaced towards one another so that cylinder liner and cylinder crankcase are braced against each other in the axial direction.

However, this has the disadvantage that already in the deactivated state of the internal combustion engine - ie without temperature exposure by combustion during operation - a high load of the internal combustion engine or the cylinder crankcase and the cylinder liner is present. Now, if the internal combustion engine is put into operation, so this burden still increases, so it could come without special consideration of this circumstance during the design to overuse and thus damage the internal combustion engine. Additionally or alternatively, it may happen that due to the bias of the cylinder liner is partially expelled again from the cylinder. Especially at low outside temperatures caused by the bias load on the engine is very pronounced. These disadvantages can be avoided by the spaced arrangement of the counter stop surface of the cylinder liner to the abutment surface of the cylinder.

For example, the second temperature is selected to be greater than the first temperature for the thermal joining. In particular, the first temperature before the insertion of the cylinder liner in the cylinder corresponds approximately to the room temperature, that is, for example, at least 10 ° C and at most 40 ° C. The second temperature is preferably significantly greater than the first temperature and is in particular at least 150 ° C, at least 200 ° C or at least 250 ° C. Preferably, moreover, the material of the cylinder crankcase is chosen such that it has a greater coefficient of thermal expansion than the material of the cylinder liner. For example, the coefficient of thermal expansion is greater by a factor of at least 1.5, at least 2, or at least 2.5.

A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that prior to insertion a spacer is introduced into the cylinder, which has a support surface with which the counter stop surface is brought into abutting contact during insertion. The distance between the abutment surface and the counterstop surface at or immediately after insertion is realized in this respect by means of the spacer. This is preferably introduced before insertion into the cylinder and removed after insertion, in particular after an at least partial equalization of the temperatures of the cylinder liner and cylinder crankcase. The spacer has the bearing surface, which is arranged such that the cylinder liner with its counter stop surface when inserting the bearing surface in abutting contact, so that further introduction of the cylinder liner in the cylinder in the axial direction is not possible. The support surface is positioned to the spacing of abutment surface and counter stop surface.

A development of the invention provides that the spacer has a contact surface, which is applied to a counter-bearing surface of the cylinder crankcase during insertion into the cylinder. The contact surface and the counter contact surface are used for targeted positioning, in particular the targeted axial positioning of the spacer in the cylinder. The abutment surface and the counter abutment surface are therefore arranged such that when they abut against each other, the support surface of the spacer for spacing the Gegenanschlagsfläche is positioned by the abutment surface.

A further embodiment of the invention provides that the support surface and the contact surface are formed on the spacer by a step. In particular, the step ensures a spacing of support surface and contact surface from each other in the axial direction. For example, the support surface and the contact surface are spaced parallel to each other. Of course, the support surface and the contact surface, however, can be angled against each other, so by extending levels together include an angle greater than 0 °.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the support surface and the contact surface are formed on the spacer parallel to each other. On such an embodiment has already been noted above. With such an embodiment, a comparative configuration of the spacer is achieved, so that it can be easily and inexpensively manufactured.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention provides that in the cylinder, the counter-contact surface in the axial direction with respect to a longitudinal central axis of the cylinder spaced from a stop surface receiving stop surface plane is formed.

As already explained above, the counter-contact surface serves for the targeted positioning of the spacer in the cylinder. In this case, the counter-contact surface should come into contact with the contact surface of the spacer, in particular in surface contact contact. In order to be able to handle the process of inserting the cylinder liner into the cylinder in a simple and reproducible manner, the abutment surface of the spacer should be spaced from the counter stop surface of the cylinder liner after insertion into the cylinder after insertion into the cylinder. This is achieved, for example, on the one hand by the stepped configuration of the spacer and on the other hand by the spaced arrangement of the counter-contact surface of the stop surface plane, wherein the stop surface plane receives or defines the stop surface. Usually, the counter-contact surface lies on the side of the abutment surface or the abutment surface plane facing a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine.

A further embodiment of the invention provides that the cylinder liner and the cylinder crankcase are tempered after introduction to a common third temperature. In that regard, an adjustment of the temperatures of cylinder liner and cylinder crankcase, in particular a complete matching, namely to the third temperature. The third temperature is preferably chosen such that after reaching this third temperature by the temperatures of the cylinder liner and cylinder crankcase, the cylinder liner is securely held in the cylinder of the cylinder crankcase, in particular by adhesion in the radial direction. The third temperature corresponds, for example, approximately to room temperature, that is, for example, at least 10 ° C, at least 15 ° C or at least 20 ° C and at most 25 ° C or at most 30 ° C. Of course, however, any other arbitrary temperature can be used as the third temperature.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the spacer is removed as soon as the temperature of the cylinder liner from the first temperature and / or the Temperature of the cylinder crankcase from the second temperature deviates by a certain temperature difference and / or a certain period of time has elapsed. In particular, if the tempering is provided to the common third temperature, the spacer is already removed before this third temperature is reached by the temperatures of cylinder liner and cylinder crankcase. The determined temperature difference is thus smaller than the difference between the first temperature and the third temperature on the one hand or the second temperature and the third temperature on the other hand, for example, it is defined as a certain proportion of this difference and is at most 10%, at most 20%, at most 30th %, maximum 40% or maximum 50% of this difference.

Additionally or alternatively, the spacer may not be removed until the specified amount of time has elapsed. This is chosen, for example, such that, as expected, the temperature of the cylinder liner and / or the temperature of the cylinder crankcase have deviated sufficiently far from the first temperature or the second temperature, in particular by the specific temperature difference. In such an approach, therefore, no monitoring of the temperatures of the components is necessary.

Finally, it can be provided that the distance is selected such that after abutment to the third temperature, in particular only when reaching the third temperature by the temperature of the cylinder liner and by the temperature of the cylinder crankcase, the abutment surface and the counter-abutment surface abut each other. As already explained above, in the case of the at least partial matching of the temperatures of the cylinder liner and the cylinder crankcase, it is possible for one another to come to a displacement of abutment surface and counter stop surface.

If the counterstop surface comes into contact with the stop surface even before complete matching of the temperatures with one another, under certain circumstances it may happen that the surface pressure between the two surfaces becomes more intense

Matching the temperatures strongly increases, in particular exceeds a permissible limit. For this reason, the distance is particularly preferably set from the outset such that the contact between the abutment surface and the counter-abutment surface is present only when the temperatures are completely matched to one another, ie in particular only after the completion of the adjustment. It is, for example, provided to adjust the temperature of the cylinder liner and the temperature of the cylinder crankcase to the third temperature, ie the cylinder liner and the cylinder crankcase to temper accordingly.

The surface pressure between stop surface and counter stop surface, which occurs when the cylinder liner and the cylinder crankcase are at the third temperature, so depends essentially on the selected distance. At a distance of zero, the surface pressure is the largest and decreases with increasing distance. In this case, a distance can be determined at or from which the surface pressure is equal to zero, so the stop surface no longer comes into contact with the counter stop surface. This distance is for example at least 200 microns and at most 500 microns.

It can also be provided that a certain surface pressure between stop surface and counter stop surface is desired when the cylinder liner and the cylinder crankcase are at the third temperature. In this case, the desired surface pressure is determined and set the necessary to achieve this surface pressure distance. The distance results as a function of the surface pressure.

Further, a cylinder crankcase assembly is described, in particular manufactured by the method according to the preceding embodiments, wherein a cylinder liner is inserted into a cylinder formed in the cylinder crankcase by means of thermal joining, wherein the cylinder liner at the onset of a first temperature and the cylinder crankcase one of the first temperature having a second temperature, and wherein in the cylinder a stop surface for the cylinder liner is formed and the cylinder liner has a stop surface opposite the counter stop surface. It is provided that the cylinder liner is inserted into the cylinder such that when inserting a distance between the abutment surface and the counter stop surface is present. The advantages of such an approach or such an embodiment of the cylinder crankcase assembly has already been discussed. Both the method and the cylinder crankcase arrangement can be developed as described above, so that reference is made to this extent.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings, without any limitation of the invention. Showing:

1 a sectional view through an area of a cylinder crankcase assembly with a cylinder crankcase and a cylinder liner, wherein the cylinder crankcase assembly is shown immediately after the introduction of the cylinder liner in a cylinder of the cylinder crankcase and

2 a detailed view of a spacer used during the manufacture of the cylinder crankcase assembly.

The 1 shows a section through a cylinder crankcase assembly 1 which is, for example, part of an internal combustion engine, in particular of a motor vehicle. The cylinder crankcase assembly 1 has a cylinder crankcase 2 on, which here only partially in the area of a cylinder 3 is shown. The cylinder crankcase assembly 1 has next to the cylinder crankcase 2 via at least one cylinder liner 4 in the cylinder 3 is arranged. Of course, in the cylinder crankcase 2 several cylinders 3 be educated. In this case, it is preferable in each of the cylinders 3 a cylinder liner 4 arranged.

The cylinder 3 has a stop surface 5 which, for example, by a step of a cylinder wall 6 is trained. The stop surface 5 or a stop surface plane receiving this 7 are preferably perpendicular to a longitudinal central axis 8th of the cylinder 3 or the cylinder liner 4 , For example, encompasses the stop surface 5 the longitudinal central axis 8th completely in the circumferential direction. Of course, the stop surface 5 however, it should also be interrupted and in this respect be composed of several stop surface areas.

The stop surface 5 is to interact with a counter-attack surface 9 the cylinder liner 4 intended. That means the stop surface 5 and the counter-attack surface 9 at least partially at the same radial position and / or circumferential position with respect to the longitudinal central axis 8th so that they together have an end stop for the cylinder liner in the cylinder 3 form. Accordingly, the cylinder liner 4 in the direction of the arrow 10 only until the meeting of the stop surface 5 and the counter-attack surface 9 in the cylinder 3 be introduced.

The insertion of the cylinder liner 4 in the cylinder 3 takes place by means of thermal joining. For this purpose, the cylinder liner at or before insertion to a first temperature and the cylinder crankcase to a second temperature, brought, wherein the two temperatures are different from each other. Particularly preferably, the first temperature is less than the second temperature. It may be provided that the cylinder crankcase consists of a material which has a greater coefficient of thermal expansion than the material of the cylinder liner 4 ,

In the thermal joining occurs in addition to establishing a surface pressure between an outer wall 11 the cylinder liner 4 and the cylinder wall 6 in the radial direction to the occurrence of an undesirable surface pressure between the stop surface 5 and the counter-attack surface 9 , This can exceed a desired surface pressure or maximum permissible surface pressure, in particular at temperatures which are below a design ambient temperature. For this reason it is envisaged that the cylinder liner 4 so in the cylinder 3 is used that during insertion, in particular always, a distance between the stop surface 5 and the counter-attack surface 9 is present. Particularly preferably, the distance which is greater than zero, immediately after insertion and before matching the temperatures of cylinder liner 4 and cylinder crankcase 2 before each other.

The distance is using a spacer 12 realized, which in particular before the onset of the cylinder liner 4 in the cylinder 3 in the cylinder 3 is introduced. The spacer 12 has a support surface 13 on, with which the counter stop surface 9 brought into abutting contact during insertion. The spacer 12 is in particular so in the cylinder 3 arranged that the bearing surface 3 from the stop surface plane 7 is spaced in the axial direction, preferably in a direction away from a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine.

The spacer 12 also has a contact surface 14 on, which for supporting cooperation with a counter-contact surface 15 of the cylinder crankcase 2 is trained. When inserting the spacer 12 in the cylinder 3 becomes the contact surface 14 to the counter-investment area 15 created so that a precise reproducible positioning of the spacer 12 is achieved.

The 2 shows a detail view of the spacer 12 , It becomes clear that the bearing surface 13 and the contact surface 14 through a stage 16 in the axial direction (with respect to the longitudinal central axis 8th ) are spaced from each other. The bearing surface 13 and the contact surface 14 may be parallel spaced from each other, but of course also include an angle with each other.

With the cylinder crankcase arrangement presented here 1 or the method for its production can by the insertion or the thermal joining of the cylinder liner 4 in the cylinder 3 imprinted forces are significantly reduced in the axial direction. Accordingly, the material load is reduced, resulting in an improvement in life expectancy.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Engine block assembly

2

cylinder crankcase

3

cylinder

4

Cylinder liner

5

stop surface

6

cylinder wall

7

Stop surface plane

8th

Longitudinal central axis

9

Thrust face

10

arrow

11

outer wall

12

spacer

13

bearing surface

14

contact surface

15

Anvil surface

16

step

Claims (8)

Method for producing a cylinder crankcase assembly ( 1 ), comprising the steps: - providing a cylinder crankcase ( 2 ), - inserting a cylinder liner ( 4 ) in a in the cylinder crankcase ( 2 ) trained cylinder ( 3 ) by means of thermal joining, wherein the cylinder liner ( 4 ) at the onset of a first temperature and the cylinder crankcase ( 2 ) has a second temperature different from the first temperature, and - tempering of the cylinder liner ( 4 ) and the cylinder crankcase ( 2 ) after being set to a common third temperature, wherein in the cylinder ( 3 ) a stop surface ( 5 ) for the cylinder liner ( 4 ) is formed and the cylinder liner ( 4 ) one of the stop surface ( 5 ) opposite counter-attack surface ( 9 ), characterized in that the cylinder liner ( 4 ) in the cylinder ( 3 ) is inserted, that at the insertion of a distance between the stop surface ( 5 ) and the counter-attack surface ( 9 ) is present, so that the stop surface ( 5 ) and the counter-attack surface ( 9 ) are spaced apart immediately after insertion, and the distance is selected such that after the tempering to the third temperature, the stop surface ( 5 ) and the counter-attack surface ( 9 ) abut each other. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that prior to insertion of a spacer ( 12 ) in the cylinder ( 3 ) is introduced, the one bearing surface ( 13 ), with which the counter stop surface ( 15 ) is brought into abutting contact during insertion. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spacer ( 12 ) a contact surface ( 14 ), which in the introduction into the cylinder ( 3 ) to a counter-contact surface ( 15 ) of the cylinder crankcase ( 2 ) is created. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bearing surface ( 13 ) and the contact surface ( 14 ) on the spacer ( 12 ) by a stage ( 16 ) be formed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bearing surface ( 13 ) and the contact surface ( 14 ) are formed on the spacer parallel to each other. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the cylinder ( 3 ) the counter-investment surface ( 15 ) in the axial direction with respect to a longitudinal central axis ( 8th ) of the cylinder ( 3 ) spaced from the stop surface ( 5 ) receiving stop surface plane ( 7 ) is formed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spacer ( 12 ) is removed as soon as the temperature of the cylinder liner ( 4 ) of the first temperature and / or the temperature of the cylinder crankcase ( 2 ) deviates from the second temperature by a certain temperature difference and / or a certain period of time has elapsed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance is selected such that only upon reaching the third temperature by the temperature of the cylinder liner ( 4 ) and by the temperature of the cylinder crankcase ( 2 ) the stop surface ( 5 ) and the counter-attack surface ( 9 ) abut each other.

Images