DE102013221506A1 - Distance measuring device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a distance measuring device, in particular a hand-held distance measuring device, comprising at least one transmitting unit (12a; 12b; 12c; 12d; 12e; 12f, 12g, 12h; 12i; 12j), the at least one transmitting optics (14a; 14b; 14c 14d; 14f; 14f; 14g; 14h; 14i; 14j) and at least one transmitting element (16a; 16b; 16c; 16d; 16e; 16f, 16g, 16h; 16i; 16j) for emitting at least one optical measuring signal (18a; 18b; 18c; 18d; 18e; 18f, 18g, 18h; 18i; 18j), and at least one receiving unit (20a; 20b; 20c; 20d; 20e; 20f, 20g, 20h; 20i; Receiving optics (22a; 22b; 22c; 22d; 22e; 22f, 22g, 22h; 22i; 22j) and receiving a back-scattered electromagnetic radiation (24a, 26a; 24b, 26b; 24c, 26c; 24d, 26d; 24e, 24f, 24f, 24g, 26g, 24h, 26h, 24i, 26i, 24j, 26j) of the at least one optical measurement signal (18a; 18b; 18c; 18d; 18e; 18f, 18g, 18h; 18i; 18j) , It is proposed that at least one of the optics (14a, 22a; 14b, 22b; 14c, 22c; 14d, 22d; 14e, 22e; 14f, 22f; 14g, 22g; 14h, 22h; 14i, 22i; 14j, 22j) at least one holographic optical element (30a; 28b, 30b; 28c, 30c, 30c '; 30d; 30e; 28f, 30f; 28g, 30g; 28h, 30h, 30h'; 30i; 30j).

Description

State of the art

It is already a distance measuring device, in particular a hand-held distance measuring device, with at least one transmitting unit having at least one transmitting optics and at least one transmitting element for emitting at least one optical measuring signal, and with at least one receiving unit having at least one receiving optics and to a recording of a backscattered electromagnetic radiation of the at least one optical measuring signal is provided has been proposed.

Disclosure of the invention

The invention is based on a distance measuring device, in particular a hand-held distance measuring device, with at least one transmitting unit having at least one transmitting optics and at least one transmitting element for transmitting at least one optical measuring signal, and with at least one receiving unit having at least one receiving optics and a Recording a backscattered electromagnetic radiation of the at least one optical measuring signal is provided.

It is proposed that at least one of the optics has at least one holographic optical element. This means, in particular, that the at least one transmitting optics has at least one holographic optical element and / or that the at least one receiving optics has at least one holographic optical element.

Preferably, the distance measuring device is formed by a laser distance measuring device.

The holographic optical element is particularly preferably associated with the at least one transmitting unit and / or the at least one receiving unit. Preferably, the holographic optical element is formed by a volume hologram, that is, in particular, that the holographic optical element has a thickness of at least two wavelengths. In particular, the at least one holographic optical element of the transmitting unit is intended to expand an angular range of the transmitting unit. By "hand-held" is to be understood in particular that the laser rangefinder is intended to at least guided in a measuring operation by an operator by hand, preferably carried. Preferably, the laser rangefinder has a weight less than 2 kg, more preferably less than 1 kg, and especially less than 0.5 kg.

Furthermore, in this context, a "transmission unit" should be understood as meaning, in particular, a unit which is intended to generate at least one measurement signal. Preferably, this is to be understood in particular as meaning a unit which is intended to emit a measuring signal. In this context, a "transmission optics" should be understood as meaning, in particular, at least one optical element or a group of optical elements which is / are at least partially provided for generating an optical interaction and / or is assigned to the transmission unit. Preferably, this is to be understood as meaning, in particular, at least one optical element or a group of optical elements of the receiving unit which / at least partially modifies / changes incidental electromagnetic radiation and / or in particular diffracts / diffracts. Furthermore, in this context, a "transmitting element" should be understood as meaning, in particular, an element which is intended to emit an optical measuring signal. Various optical measurement signals that appear reasonable to a person skilled in the art are conceivable, but in particular an infrared signal and / or particularly preferably a laser signal formed by a laser beam should be understood. Particularly preferred is to be understood as a laser beam having an opening angle of less than 2 degrees, advantageously less than 0.5 degrees, particularly advantageously less than 0.1 degrees, more than 50% of its power.

Furthermore, in this context, a "receiving unit" is to be understood as meaning, in particular, a unit which is provided for detecting and / or recording at least one measuring signal of the transmitting unit. Preferably, this is to be understood as meaning, in particular, a unit which is intended to detect backscattered electromagnetic radiation of the at least one optical measuring signal of the transmitting unit and then to process it. In this context, a "receiving optical system" is to be understood as meaning, in particular, at least one optical element or a group of optical elements which is or are at least partially provided for generating an optical interaction and in particular is / are assigned to the receiving unit. Preferably, this is to be understood as meaning, in particular, at least one optical element or a group of optical elements of the receiving unit which / at least partially modifies / changes incidental electromagnetic radiation and / or in particular diffracts / diffracts. By "provided" is intended to be understood in particular specially programmed, designed and / or equipped. The fact that an object is intended for a specific function should in particular mean that the object fulfills and / or executes this specific function in at least one application and / or operating state. Furthermore, in this context, a "holographic optical element" should be understood to mean, in particular, an element which has at least one diffraction means, in particular a diffraction grating, which is intended to diffract and / or refract electromagnetic radiation with different wavelengths differently. In principle, various diffraction means which appear meaningful to a person skilled in the art are conceivable. In particular, various materials and / or material compounds are conceivable, in particular metal compounds. Preferably, it should be understood to mean an element which has at least one photoactive layer on which the diffractive agent is applied. In principle, the element can have a plurality of photoactive layers connected in series. In this case, the at least one photoactive layer can have various materials which appear expedient to a person skilled in the art, in particular glass and / or plastic. In addition to the photoactive layer, the element may preferably have additional layers, in particular support layers, cover layers and / or adhesive layers.

The inventive design of the distance measuring device advantageously a particularly compact design can be achieved. In particular, an advantageous optics for the receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit can be provided by the at least one holographic optical element.

Furthermore, in particular an assembly and production costs can be kept low. Furthermore, an advantageously cost-effective distance measuring device can thereby be provided in particular.

The holographic optical element is preferably assigned to the at least one receiving unit. In this case, the holographic optical element is preferably formed by a holographic optical receiving lens.

A holographic optical element, in particular in the receiving branch of the measuring device, makes possible a whole series of advantageous refinements of the distance measuring device.

If the holographic optical element is assigned to the at least one receiving unit, a larger receiving aperture can be realized, which in turn leads to a greater measuring range of the distance measuring device.

In this case too, a larger angle range can be detected by the distance measuring device, so that no additional optical elements for the parallax compensation are required even at smaller measuring distances.

Also, a better signal-to-noise ratio is advantageously possible with the measuring device according to the invention by the holographic optical element of the receiving unit, for example, with a pixel array consisting of several diodes, in particular several SPAD diodes (single photon avalanche diodes) is operated together , In this way, partial readout methods for the receive detector can be used very advantageously.

Furthermore, it is proposed that in an advantageous embodiment the at least one transmitting optics and the at least one receiving optics each have at least one holographic optical element. This can be achieved particularly advantageous a particularly compact design. Furthermore, in particular an assembly and production costs can be kept low. Furthermore, an advantageously cost-effective distance measuring device can thereby be provided in particular.

It is further proposed that the at least one holographic optical element of the transmitting optics is formed integrally with the at least one holographic optical element of the receiving optics. Preferably, the at least one holographic optical element of the transmitting optics is formed integrally with the at least one holographic optical element of the receiving optics. Preferably, the holographic optical elements of the transmitting unit and the receiving unit are combined to form a holographic optical element. By "in one piece" should be understood in particular to be at least materially bonded, for example by a welding process, an adhesive process, an injection process and / or another process that appears expedient to a person skilled in the art, and / or advantageously shaped in one piece, for example by a Manufacture from a casting and / or by a production in a one- or multi-component injection molding process and advantageously from a single blank. As a result, in particular, restriction-free, a number of components can be kept low. Furthermore, in particular a quick and easy installation of the distance measuring device can be made possible.

Furthermore, it is proposed that between the at least one holographic optical element of the transmitting optics and the at least one holographic optical element of the Receiving optics at least one absorber is arranged. The absorber is preferably formed by a separating layer. The separating layer preferably extends completely between the at least one holographic optical element of the transmitting optics and the at least one holographic optical element of the receiving optical system. Preferably, the at least one holographic optical element of the transmitting optics and the at least one holographic optical element of the receiving optics are integrally formed via the at least one absorber. In this context, an "absorber" should be understood to mean, in particular, an element which is at least partially provided for receiving and / or transforming energy. This is preferably understood to mean, in particular, an element which is provided for absorption of radiation, preferably of electromagnetic radiation and particularly preferably of visible light. Preferably, this is to be understood as meaning, in particular, an element having an absorption coefficient α of at least 0.6, preferably of at least 0.8 and particularly preferably of at least 0.9 in the case of visible light. Especially preferred is an element with a hemispherical spectral absorbance α of at least 0.6, preferably of at least 0.8 and more preferably of at least 0.9 in a frequency range of at least 10 ¹⁴ Hz to 10 ¹⁵ Hz, preferably of at least 10 ¹³ Hz to 10 ¹⁶ Hz. As a result, in particular a clear separation between the at least one first area and the at least one second area can take place. Furthermore, in particular overlaps between the at least one first region and the at least one second region can thereby be avoided.

It is further proposed that the at least one holographic optical element of the transmitting optics, each viewed in at least two mutually perpendicular planes, each bounded on two opposite sides of the at least one holographic optical element of the receiving optics. This means, in particular, that the at least one holographic optical element of the transmitting optics, viewed in a first plane, is bounded in each case in two opposite directions by the at least one holographic optical element of the receiving optics, as well as in a second plane perpendicular to the first plane is limited in each case in two opposite directions of the at least one holographic optical element of the receiving optical system. Preferably, the at least one holographic optical element of the transmitting optical system is delimited on at least two sides by the at least one holographic optical element of the receiving optical system. As a result, in particular a flexible placement of the transmitting unit and the receiving unit can be made possible. Furthermore, in particular an advantageous angle of incidence on the at least one holographic optical element of the receiving optical system can thereby be made possible. In particular, this allows a division of the at least one holographic optical element of the receiving optical system.

It is further proposed that the transmitting unit has at least one deflection element which is provided to deflect the at least one optical measuring signal in at least two different directions. The distance measuring device can thus be used to measure, in particular, a distance between two measuring points which are generated by the deflection of the at least one measuring signal. In this context, a "deflection element" is to be understood as meaning, in particular, a spatial-light modulator (SLM), preferably a spatial light modulator (SLM), a refractive optic, a mechanism for pivoting an optical measurement signal of the transmitting element of the transmitting unit and / or an optic of the transmitting unit , a micromirror array with a plurality of micromirrors, particularly preferably a single micromirror, can be understood. In particular, a micromirror has a mirror surface smaller than 4 mm ² , advantageously smaller than 1 mm ² , particularly advantageously smaller than 0.1 mm ² . Preferably, the mirror surface is pivotable by means of an electrical signal, in particular via an electrostatic actuator, in at least one direction, preferably in two directions. Preferably, the deflection element continuously pivots the optical measurement signal over a particularly constant, preferably adjustable angular range. Furthermore, in this context "directions of differentiation" should be understood to mean, in particular, directions which each span a directional vector, the directional vectors, in at least one operating state, including a smallest angle greater than 5 °, preferably greater than 15 ° and particularly preferably greater than 30 °. As a result, in particular an advantageous distance measuring device can be provided. In this way, a distance measuring device can advantageously be provided, in which a distance measurement, in particular in several directions, is possible. In particular, this makes it possible to measure a distance between two measuring points. Furthermore, in particular an assembly and production costs can be kept low. Furthermore, an advantageously cost-effective distance measuring device can thereby be provided in particular.

In addition, it is proposed that the transmitting unit is formed by a laser unit. The laser unit preferably has a laser whose laser beam is oscillated between the two relative directions, in particular continuously, in particular with a frequency greater than 2 Hz, preferably greater than 10 Hz, more preferably greater than 20 Hz. Alternatively or In addition, the laser unit could have at least two lasers and / or at least two sensors which are each provided for determining the distance in different relative directions. As a result, in particular a particularly reliable and effective distance measuring device can be provided.

Furthermore, it is proposed that the at least one receiving unit has at least one absorber which is provided to at least partially accommodate electromagnetic radiation falling without being bent by the at least one holographic optical element of the receiving optics. This means, in particular, that the background light has a wavelength which differs from an optical measuring signal and / or an incident direction which differs from the optical measuring signal. As a result, an advantageous receiving unit can be provided. Furthermore, in particular background light and / or other interfering light can be absorbed and / or filtered out of an optical measuring signal. As a result, in particular, a particularly accurate and reliable measurement can be provided.

Furthermore, it is proposed that the receiving unit has at least one detector which is provided to detect backscattered electromagnetic radiation of the at least one optical measuring signal of the transmitting unit. In this context, a "detector" is to be understood as meaning, in particular, an element which is at least partially provided for receiving and / or detecting energy. In particular, the detector is provided to output at least one information in particular electrically, which is dependent on the recording and / or detection of the energy. This is preferably understood to mean, in particular, an element which is intended to detect at least one parameter of radiation, preferably of electromagnetic radiation and particularly preferably of light. Preferably, this is to be understood in particular as meaning at least one photodetector. Preferably, this is to be understood in particular as a pixel array. Particularly preferred is to be understood in particular an element comprising a plurality of photodiodes, which are combined into an array. In principle, however, other detectors that appear reasonable to a person skilled in the art are also conceivable. As a result, an optical measurement signal can be detected in a particularly advantageous manner. In particular, backscattered electromagnetic radiation can be detected so advantageously.

It is further proposed that the at least one holographic optical element of the receiving unit is provided to diffract and / or reflect incident electromagnetic radiation away from the absorber in the direction of the detector. Preferably, the at least one holographic optical element is provided, in particular, for diffracting and / or reflecting backscattered electromagnetic radiation of the at least one optical measuring signal of the transmitting unit in the direction of the detector. The at least one holographic optical element is preferably provided in particular for bending and / or reflecting incident, backscattered electromagnetic radiation of the at least one optical measuring signal of the transmitting unit in the direction of the detector. Particularly preferably, the at least one holographic optical element is provided, in particular, for deflecting, in an angular range, backscattered light of the at least one optical measuring signal of the transmitting unit away from the absorber, in the direction of the detector and / or to reflect it. In this way, it can be achieved, in particular, that incident light is diffracted and / or reflected onto the detector, so that, in particular, an advantageously reliable measurement can take place. In particular, it can be achieved that only diffracted by the holographic optical element light hits the detector. Light, in particular background light, which is not refracted by the holographic optical element but simply passes through it, strikes the absorber and not the detector. As a result, in particular background light can be filtered out or at least suppressed. Preferably, undiffracted light can thereby be separated from diffracted light.

It is further proposed that the at least one holographic optical element of the transmitting unit and / or the receiving unit cover an effective angle range of at least 40 °. Preferably, the at least one holographic optical element covers an angular range of at least 60 °. Preferably, the at least one holographic optical element covers an angular range of at least 80 °. Particularly preferably, the transmitting unit has an effective angle range which is at least approximately identical to an effective angle range of the receiving unit. By "that the at least one holographic optical element covers an effective angle range" is to be understood in this context that the at least one holographic optical element electromagnetic radiation, preferably with a defined wavelength, which in the effective angle range on the at least one holographic optical element meets at least a part of the at least one holographic optical element at least to a large extent optically effectively broken and / or reflected. Preferably, this is to be understood in particular as meaning that the at least one holographic optical element has at least for the most part electromagnetic radiation with a defined wavelength which strikes the at least one holographic optical element in the effective angle range, preferably at least a majority of the at least one diffractive element of the at least one holographic optical element optically effectively broken and / or reflected. Particularly preferably, it should be understood that the at least one holographic optical element has at least to a large extent optically effective electromagnetic radiation having a defined wavelength which strikes the at least one holographic optical element in the effective angle range from the at least one flexing agent of the at least one holographic optical element broken and / or reflected. Other incident electromagnetic radiation having at least one substantially different wavelength and / or a different angle of incidence is preferably at least substantially transmitted from the diffractive means, preferably from the entire at least one holographic optical element.

In this context, "at least to a large extent" is to be understood as meaning, in particular, at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, particularly preferably at least 80%. Furthermore, in this context, a "substantially differing wavelength" should be understood to mean, in particular, a wavelength which is different by at least 50 nm, preferably by at least 100 nm and particularly preferably by at least 200 nm from an initial value. As a result, in particular an advantageously large angular range can be covered by the holographic optical element. Furthermore, in particular an advantageously flexible applicability of the distance measuring device can be provided. Preferably, in particular an advantageously small minimum measuring distance can be made possible. As a result, a measurement can be carried out in particular even in the smallest space.

Furthermore, it is proposed that the at least one holographic optical element of the transmitting unit and / or the receiving unit superimpose at least two optical functions. Preferably, at least two optical functions are superimposed on the holographic optical element of the receiving unit. Particularly preferably, the optical functions are formed by optical reception functions. In this context, an "optical function" is to be understood as meaning, in particular, a function of the holographic optical element which is optically effective as a function of at least one radiation parameter of incident radiation. Preferably, this is to be understood as meaning, in particular, an optical function, such as, in particular, a diffraction, preferably a diffraction index, and / or a reflection and / or other optical functions deemed appropriate by a person skilled in the art. Particularly preferably, this is to be understood as meaning, in particular, an optical function of the holographic optical element which is optically effective as a function of at least one wavelength and / or in particular of at least one angle of incidence and / or another radiation parameter of an incident radiation that appears sensible to a person skilled in the art. As a result, in particular a plurality of optical functions can be combined in a holographic optical element. Furthermore, a targeted and, in particular, differentiated steering of backscattered electromagnetic radiation of the at least one optical measuring signal can thereby be effected in particular. Preferably, for a plurality of radiation directions of incident electromagnetic radiation of the at least one optical measuring signal, an adapted receiving optical system with an adapted receiving path can thereby be provided. With a plurality of radiation directions to be covered, there may be a loss in a diffraction efficiency of the at least one holographic optical element. This loss can be compensated for by an advantageously large design of the at least one holographic optical element.

Additionally or alternatively, it is proposed to arrange several holographic optical elements one behind the other. As a result, in particular the optical functionality of different receiving optics can be realized. Furthermore, this can be realized due to the small depth of holographic optical elements, compared to conventional optics, in particular conventional lenses, with a small footprint.

Furthermore, it is proposed that the at least one holographic optical element of the transmitting unit and / or the receiving unit has at least two regions, each with differing optical functions. In particular, the at least one holographic optical element of the receiving unit has at least two regions, each with differing optical functions. In this case, the regions are preferably arranged next to one another approximately perpendicular to an exit direction of the at least one optical measurement signal. Preferably, the regions are arranged in a plane approximately perpendicular to an exit direction of the at least one optical measurement signal. Particularly preferred are the optical functions of optical reception functions educated. As a result, in particular a mutual influence of the different optical reception functions can be prevented. Preferably, in particular, a mutual influence of the at least two backscattered electromagnetic radiation signals of the at least two differentiating directions into which the at least one optical measuring signal is deflected can be prevented.

It is further proposed that the at least one receiving unit has at least one filter. Preferably, the filter is formed by a spectral filter. However, other embodiments of the filter that appear appropriate to a person skilled in the art are also conceivable. Preferably, the at least one filter is arranged in front of the at least one detector. In principle, however, other, a professional appear useful sense positioning of the filter conceivable. Particularly preferably, the at least one filter is provided to separate incident backscattered electromagnetic radiation from background light of other wavelengths from impinging on the at least one detector. A "filter" should be understood in this context, in particular an optical filter. Preferably, this is to be understood as a filter which is provided for a selection of electromagnetic radiation, in particular as a function of at least one optical parameter of the electromagnetic radiation. Particularly preferred is to be understood as meaning a filter which is provided for selection of electromagnetic radiation at least as a function of a wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation. As a result, it can be achieved, in particular, that useful light, in particular incident electromagnetic radiation, is separated from a background light. In particular holographic optical elements, which are intended to diffract transmissive electromagnetic radiation, have a broad diffraction spectrum, whereby preferably background light can be filtered out by the at least one filter. As a result, in particular an advantageously un-lubricated signal can be detected on the at least one detector.

The distance measuring device according to the invention should not be limited to the application and embodiment described above. In particular, the distance measuring device according to the invention may have a number deviating from a number of individual elements, components and units mentioned herein for fulfilling a mode of operation described herein.

drawing

Further advantages emerge from the following description of the drawing. In the drawing, ten embodiments of the invention are shown. The drawing, the description and the claims contain numerous features in combination. The person skilled in the art will expediently also consider the features individually and combine them into meaningful further combinations.

Show it:

1 a distance measuring device according to the invention in a schematic representation,

2 the distance measuring device according to the invention, with a transmitting unit and with a receiving unit, which has a holographic optical element, and a wall in a schematic representation,

3 an alternative distance measuring device according to the invention, comprising a transmitting unit having a holographic optical element, and having a receiving unit comprising a holographic optical element, and a wall in a schematic representation,

4 a further alternative distance measuring device according to the invention, having a transmitting unit which has a holographic optical element, and having a receiving unit which has a holographic optical element, and a wall in a schematic representation,

5 A further alternative distance measuring device according to the invention, comprising a transmitting unit having a deflection element and a receiving unit having a holographic optical element and a wall in a schematic representation,

6 A further alternative distance measuring device according to the invention, comprising a transmitting unit having a deflection element and a receiving unit having a holographic optical element and a wall in a schematic representation,

7 Another alternative distance measuring device according to the invention, with a A transmitting unit comprising a deflecting element and a holographic optical element, and having a receiving unit comprising a holographic optical element and a wall in a schematic representation,

8th a further alternative distance measuring device according to the invention, having a transmitting unit which has a deflection element and a holographic optical element, and having a receiving unit which has a holographic optical element, and a wall in a schematic representation,

9 a further alternative distance measuring device according to the invention, having a transmitting unit which has a deflection element and a holographic optical element, and having a receiving unit which has a holographic optical element, and a wall in a schematic representation,

10 a further alternative distance measuring device according to the invention, comprising a transmitting unit having a deflection element, and having a receiving unit, which has a holographic optical element and an absorber, and a wall in a schematic representation and

11 a further alternative distance measuring device according to the invention, comprising a transmitting unit having a deflecting element, and having a receiving unit comprising a holographic optical element and an absorber, and a wall in a schematic representation.

Description of the embodiments

1 shows a distance measuring device according to the invention 10a , The distance measuring device 10a is formed by a hand-held rangefinder. The distance measuring device 10a is formed by a hand-held laser range finder. The distance measuring device 10a has a housing unit 46a , a control unit 48a and a display 50a on. The operating unit 48a is formed by several buttons. In principle, however, would also be another, a professional appear appropriate design of the control unit 48a conceivable. By means of the control unit 48a an operator can use the rangefinder 10a serve. Different settings can be made. Furthermore, via the control unit 48a a measuring operation can be started. the display 50a shows an operator measurement parameters and / or measurement results. the display 50a has a display driver, not shown.

2 shows the distance measuring device according to the invention 10a in a schematic representation from the inside. Furthermore, the distance measuring device 10a a transmitting unit 12a on. The transmitting unit 12a is formed by a laser unit. The transmitting unit 12a has a transmission optics 14a on. Furthermore, the transmitting unit 12a a transmitting element 16a on. The transmitting element 16a is formed by a laser element. The transmitting element 16a is to send out an optical measurement signal 18a intended. The optical measuring signal 18a of the transmitting element 16a is formed by a laser beam. The transmitting element 16a is intended to generate a laser beam. The transmission optics 14a is in the exit direction of the optical measurement signal 18a in front of the transmitting element 16a arranged. The transmission optics 14a is intended, the optical measuring signal 18a to focus. The transmitting unit 12a is in the housing unit 46a the distance measuring device 10a arranged. The transmitting unit 12a is apart from an outlet 52a of the optical measuring signal 18a completely from the housing unit 46a surround. The outlet opening 52a is in the housing unit 46a brought in ( 2 ).

Furthermore, the distance measuring device 10a a receiving unit 20a on. The receiving unit 20a is to a recording of backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24a of the optical measuring signal 18a intended. The receiving unit 20a is intended to provide backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24a , which at a hitting the optical measuring signal 18a on a test object 54a arises, to capture and record. From the point of impact of the optical measuring signal 18a becomes electromagnetic radiation 24a backscattered. The backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24a of the optical measuring signal 18a is made of reflected light. The measurement object 54a is formed by a wall. In principle, however, other measuring objects that appear reasonable to a person skilled in the art are also suitable 54a conceivable, this is merely an exemplary measurement object. Furthermore, the receiving unit 20a a receiving optics 22a on. Furthermore, the receiving unit 20a a detector 42a on. The detector 42a is intended to provide backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24a of the optical measuring signal 18a the transmitting unit 12a capture. The detector 42a is formed by a pixel array. The detector 42a includes a plurality of photodiodes connected to the detector 42a are summarized. The photodiodes of the detector 42a are each formed by SPAD diodes. In principle, however, it would also be conceivable that the detector 42a has only one photodiode or is formed by another, one skilled in the appear appropriate detector. Furthermore, the receiving unit 20a a filter 56a on. The filter 56a is formed by a spectral filter. In principle, however, other embodiments of the filter that appear appropriate to the person skilled in the art are also suitable 56a conceivable. The filter 56a is intended to provide incidental backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24a background light of other wavelengths before impinging on the detector 42a to separate. The filter 56a is right in front of the detector 42a arranged. Basically, the filter 56a but also differently, a professional appear to be reasonable, such as for example, directly behind the receiving optics 22a , Furthermore, the receiving unit 20a a readout unit 58a on what data of the detector 42a monitored and read. The elite unit 58a prepares the signals of the detector 42a on. The elite unit 58a amplifies the signals and serializes the signals. The receiving unit 20a is in the housing unit 46a the distance measuring device 10a arranged. The receiving unit 20a is apart from an entrance opening 60a of the optical measuring signal 18a completely from the housing unit 46a surround. The entrance opening 60a is in the housing unit 46a brought in ( 2 ).

Furthermore, the receiving optics 22a the receiving unit 20a a holographic optical element 30a on. The receiving optics 22a consists of the holographic optical element 30a , In principle, however, it would also be conceivable that the receiving optics 22a consists of further not visible elements. The holographic optical element 30a the receiving optics 22a is formed by an optical volume hologram. The holographic optical element 30a is formed by a holographic receiving lens. Additionally or alternatively, the holographic optical element 30a may be formed by various elements or lenses that appear useful to one skilled in the art, such as a holographic multi-aperture lens. The holographic optical element 30a is in the entrance opening 60a the housing unit 46a arranged. Further, the holographic optical element covers 30a an angular range of> 60 ° full angle.

For the production of the holographic optical element 30a In a first step, a photoactive layer which is not further visible is exposed. Upon exposure, structures are formed on a surface of the photoactive layer which form a diffraction grating. The diffraction grating forms an interference pattern. Subsequently, a plurality of individually exposed photoactive layers can be arranged one behind the other. The at least one photoactive layer is then applied to a carrier layer and covered with a cover layer. This can protect the photoactive layer.

Furthermore, the distance measuring device 10a an arithmetic unit 62a on. The arithmetic unit 62a is with the transmitting unit 12a connected. The arithmetic unit 62a controls and regulates sending of the optical measuring signal 18a by driving the transmitting element 16a the transmitting unit 12a , Furthermore, the arithmetic unit determines 62a a parameter that depends on the distances. The arithmetic unit 62a is also with the readout unit 58a connected and so receives data from the detector 42a , The arithmetic unit 62a controls the display 50a and asks the control unit 48a from. The arithmetic unit 62a provides different measurement modes. The arithmetic unit 62a is in the housing unit 46a arranged.

In a measuring operation, the arithmetic unit generates 62a a pulse in the optical measurement signal 18a by a control of the transmitting element 16a , The pulse is formed by a signal interruption. In principle, however, other impulses which appear reasonable to a person skilled in the art are also conceivable. The pulse of the optical measuring signal 18a is delayed in time by the detector 42a detected. About the time delay or a duration of the pulse is by the arithmetic unit 62a a distance between the distance measuring device 10a and the measurement object 54a certainly. The arithmetic unit 62a sets a value of the distance on the display 50a can be read by the operator.

Furthermore, the distance measuring device 10a a not further visible position detection unit. The position detection unit has a three-axis accelerometer, not shown, for detecting the force of gravity and for determining accelerations and gyroscopes for detecting rotational movements about all axes. The position detection unit is for damping dithering movements of the operator directly with the arithmetic unit 62a connected.

In the 3 to 11 nine other embodiments of the invention are shown. The following descriptions and the drawings are essentially limited to the differences between the exemplary embodiments, with reference in principle to the same reference components, in particular with respect to components with the same reference numerals, to the drawings and / or the description of the other embodiments, in particular 1 and 2 , can be referenced. To distinguish the embodiments of the letter a is the reference numerals of the embodiment in the 1 and 2 readjusted. In the embodiments of the 3 to 11 the letter a is replaced by the letters b to j.

3 shows an alternative distance measuring device according to the invention 10b , The distance measuring device 10b has a transmitting unit 12b on. The transmitting unit 12b has a transmission optics 14b on. Furthermore, the transmitting unit 12b a transmitting element 16b on. The transmitting element 16b is to send out an optical measurement signal 18b intended. Furthermore, the distance measuring device 10b a receiving unit 20b on. The receiving unit 20b is to a recording of backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24b of an optical measuring signal 18b intended. The receiver unit 20b has a receiving optics 22b on.

The transmission optics 14b the transmitting unit 12b has a holographic optical element 28b on. The transmission optics 14b consists of the holographic optical element 28b , In principle, however, it would also be conceivable that the transmission optics 14b consists of further not visible elements. The holographic optical element 28b the transmission optics 14b is formed by an optical volume hologram. Furthermore, the receiving optics 22b the receiving unit 20b a holographic optical element 30b on. The receiving optics 22b consists of the holographic optical element 30b , In principle, however, it would also be conceivable that the receiving optics 22b consists of further not visible elements. The holographic optical element 30b the receiving optics 22b is formed by an optical volume hologram. The holographic optical element 30b is formed by a holographic receiving lens. Additionally or alternatively, the holographic optical element 30b may be formed by various elements or lenses that appear useful to one skilled in the art, such as a holographic multi-aperture lens. Further, the holographic optical element covers 30b an angular range of> 60 ° full angle.

The holographic optical element 28b the transmission optics 14b is integral with the holographic optical element 30b the receiving optics 22b educated. The holographic optical element 28b the transmission optics 14b is integral with the holographic optical element 30b the receiving optics 22b educated. The holographic optical element 28b the transmission optics 14b and the holographic optical element 30b the receiving optics 22b are combined to form a holographic optical element. Between the one holographic optical element 28b the transmission optics 14b and the holographic optical element 30b the receiving optics 22b is an absorber 32b arranged. The absorber 32b is formed by a separating layer. The absorber 32b extends completely between the holographic optical element 28b the transmission optics 14b and the holographic optical element 30b the receiving optics 22b , The holographic optical element 28b the transmission optics 14b and the holographic optical element 30b the receiving optics 22b are therefore over the absorber 32b integrally formed.

The holographic optical element 28b the transmission optics 14b and the holographic optical element 30b the receiving optics 22b are common in a common opening of the housing unit 46b arranged. The common opening forms both an outlet opening 52b as well as an entrance opening 60b ,

4 shows a further alternative distance measuring device according to the invention 10c , The distance measuring device 10c has a transmitting unit 12c on. The transmitting unit 12c has a transmission optics 14c on. Furthermore, the transmitting unit 12c a transmitting element 16c on. The transmitting element 16c is to send out an optical measurement signal 18c intended. The transmitting element 16c is opposite to the transmission optics 14c arranged angled. The transmitting element 16c is opposite to the transmission optics 14c arranged at an angle of approx. 45 °. The optical measuring signal 18c falls at an angle of about 45 ° on the transmission optics 14c and is broken by this by 45 ° to a Lot out. The optical measuring signal 18c thus occurs approximately vertically from the transmitting optics 14c and the distance measuring device 10c out. Furthermore, the transmitting element 16c outside a back-scattered electromagnetic radiation provided for a receptacle 24c of the optical measuring signal 18c arranged.

Furthermore, the distance measuring device 10c a receiving unit 20c on. The receiving unit 20c is to a recording of the backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24c of the optical measuring signal 18c intended. The receiving unit 20c has a receiving optics 22c on.

The transmission optics 14c the transmitting unit 12c has a holographic optical element 28c on. The transmission optics 14c consists of the holographic optical element 28c , In principle, however, it would also be conceivable that the transmission optics 14c consists of further not visible elements. The holographic optical element 28c the transmission optics 14c is formed by an optical volume hologram. Furthermore, the receiving optics 22c the receiving unit 20c two holographic optical element 30c . 30c ' on. The receiving optics 22c consists of the two holographic optical elements 30c . 30c ' , In principle, however, it would also be conceivable that the receiving optics 22c consists of further not visible elements. The holographic optical elements 30c . 30c ' the receiving optics 22c are each formed by an optical volume hologram. The holographic optical elements 30c . 30c ' are each formed by a holographic receiving lens. Additionally or alternatively, the holographic optical elements 30c . 30c ' may be formed by various elements or lenses that appear meaningful to a person skilled in the art, for example holographic multi-aperture lenses. Furthermore, the holographic optical elements cover 30c . 30c ' each an angular range of> 30 ° full angle.

The holographic optical element 28c the transmission optics 14c is integral with the holographic optical elements 30c . 30c ' the receiving optics 22c educated. The holographic optical element 28c the transmission optics 14c is integral with the holographic optical elements 30c . 30c ' the receiving optics 22c educated. The holographic optical element 28c the transmission optics 14c and the holographic optical elements 30c . 30c ' the receiving optics 22c are combined to form a holographic optical element.

The holographic optical element 28c the transmission optics 14c is viewed, in each case in two mutually perpendicular planes, respectively on two opposite sides of the two holographic optical elements 30c . 30c ' the receiving optics 22c limited. Each of the two holographic optical elements 30c . 30c ' the receiving optics 22c limit the holographic optical element 28c the transmission optics 14c each to one side. Between the one holographic optical element 28c the transmission optics 14c and the first holographic optical element 30c the receiving optics 22c is an absorber 32c arranged and between the one holographic optical element 28c the transmission optics 14c and the second holographic optical element 30c ' the receiving optics 22c is an absorber 32c ' arranged. The absorber 32c . 32c ' are each formed by a release layer. The absorber 32c . 32c ' each extend completely between the holographic optical element 28c the transmission optics 14c and the respective holographic optical element 30c . 30c ' the receiving optics 22c , The holographic optical element 28c the transmission optics 14c and the holographic optical elements 30c . 30c ' the receiving optics 22c are therefore about the absorber 32c . 32c ' integrally formed.

The holographic optical element 28c the transmission optics 14c and the holographic optical elements 30c . 30c ' the receiving optics 22c are common in a common opening of the housing unit 46c arranged. The common opening forms both an outlet opening 52c as well as an entrance opening 60c ,

5 shows a further alternative distance measuring device according to the invention 10d , The distance measuring device 10d has a transmitting unit 12d on. The transmitting unit 12d has a transmission optics 14d on. Furthermore, the transmitting unit 12d a transmitting element 16d on. The transmitting element 16d is formed by a laser element. The transmitting element 16d is to send out an optical measurement signal 18d intended. Furthermore, the transmitting unit 12d a distraction element 34d on. The deflection element 34d partially forms the transmission optics 14d , The deflection element 34d is intended, the optical measuring signal 18d to distract in two different directions. The deflection element 34d is formed by a pivoting micromirror. The mirror surface of the deflection element 34d is pivotable about a non-visible control unit by means of an electrostatic actuator in two directions. An angle α between the two directions is via the operating unit 48d adjustable. The deflection element 34d has a sensor, not shown, which detects the angle α between the directions during operation. The operating unit 48d has for this purpose a central rotary wheel. In principle, it would also be conceivable that the mirror surface of the deflection element 34d is pivotable in at least three directions. By at least three directions, for example, an angle measurement between two surfaces or a determination of a smallest distance between a point and a surface can be made possible. The two directions described in this embodiment are to be understood as examples only. About the diversion element 34d becomes the optical measuring signal 18d pivoted continuously over an angular range between the two directions. In the two directions is in each case a partial beam 64d . 66d of the optical measuring signal 18d distracted.

Furthermore, the distance measuring device 10d a receiving unit 20d on. The receiving unit 20d is to a recording of backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24d . 26d of the optical measuring signal 18d intended. The receiving unit 20d is intended to provide backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24d . 26d which each at a hitting the partial beams 64d . 66d of the optical measuring signal 18d on a test object 54d arise, capture and record. From the point of impact of the partial rays 64d . 66d of the optical measuring signal 18d is each electromagnetic radiation 24d . 26d backscattered. The backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24d . 26d of the optical measuring signal 18d is made of reflected light. The measurement object 54d is formed by a wall. In principle, however, other measuring objects that appear reasonable to a person skilled in the art are also suitable 54d conceivable, this is merely an exemplary measurement object. Furthermore, the receiving unit 20d a receiving optics 22d on. Furthermore, the receiving unit 20d a detector 42d on. The detector 42d is intended to provide backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24d . 26d of the optical measuring signal 18d the transmitting unit 12d capture. The detector 42d is formed by a pixel array. The detector 42d includes a plurality of photodiodes connected to the detector 42d are summarized. The photodiodes of the detector 42d are each formed by SPAD diodes. In principle, however, it would also be conceivable that the detector 42d only one Having photodiode or is formed by another, one skilled in the appear appropriate detector. Furthermore, the receiving unit 20d a filter 56d on. The filter 56d is formed by a spectral filter. In principle, however, other embodiments of the filter that appear appropriate to a person skilled in the art are also suitable 56d conceivable. The filter 56d is intended to provide incidental backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24d . 26d background light of other wavelengths before impinging on the detector 42d to separate. The filter 56d is right in front of the detector 42d arranged. Basically, the filter 56d however, they may be placed differently, appearing appropriate to a person skilled in the art, for example directly behind the receiving optics 22d , Furthermore, the receiving unit 20d a readout unit 58d on what data of the detector 42d monitored and read. The elite unit 58d monitors the photodiodes of the detector 42d differentiates and reads these differentiated. The elite unit 58d is to a partial readout of the detector 42d intended. This allows a separation of the incident from two different directions backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24d . 26d respectively. Furthermore, the readout unit prepares 58d the signals of the detector 42d on. The elite unit 58d amplifies the signals and serializes the signals. The receiving unit 20d is in the housing unit 46d the distance measuring device 10d arranged. The receiving unit 20d is apart from an entrance opening 60d of the optical measuring signal 18d completely from the housing unit 46d surround. The entrance opening 60d is in the housing unit 46d brought in.

Furthermore, the receiving optics 22d the receiving unit 20d a holographic optical element 30d on. The receiving optics 22d consists of the holographic optical element 30d , In principle, however, it would also be conceivable that the receiving optics 22d consists of further not visible elements. The holographic optical element 30d the receiving optics 22d is formed by an optical volume hologram. The holographic optical element 30d is formed by a holographic receiving lens. The holographic optical element 30d is formed by a holographic multi-aperture lens. In principle, the holographic optical element 30d also be formed by another, a skilled person appear appropriate element. The holographic optical element 30d is in the entrance opening 60d the housing unit 46d arranged. Further, the holographic optical element covers 30d an angular range of> 60 ° full angle.

The holographic optical element 30d the receiving unit 20d overlays several optical functions. The holographic optical element 30d has several non-visible successive photoactive layers. Each of the photoactive layers in each case has its own diffraction grating which differs from the other photoactive layers. Over each photoactive layer an optical function is realized in each case. In this case, each photoactive layer is set in each case to an angle range relative to the respective other photoactive layers, in which the photoactive layer or the diffraction grating of the photoactive layer is optically active. All photoactive layers together give the angular range of> 60 ° full angle. Furthermore, each of the photoactive layers has a different diffraction index from the other photoactive layers in which incident laser light is refracted. The diffraction gratings of the photoactive layers are at a wavelength of the optical measurement signal 18d set in dependence on an angle of incidence. Background light, which is one opposite to the optical measurement signal 18d having differing wavelength is transmitted unbroken by the photoactive layers. Each of the photoactive layers is further provided for incidentally backscattered electromagnetic radiation in an optically effective angular range 24d . 26d of the optical measuring signal 18d to a region of the detector which differs from the other photoactive layers 42d to bow. As a result, at least partially an angle of incidence of a backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24d . 26d be recorded. Furthermore, it can be differentiated by whether the detected radiation is backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24d . 26d of the first sub-beam 64d or the second sub-beam 66d is.

Furthermore, the distance measuring device 10d an arithmetic unit 62d on. The arithmetic unit 62d is with the transmitting unit 12d connected. The arithmetic unit 62d controls and regulates sending of the optical measuring signal 18d by driving the transmitting element 16d the transmitting unit 12d , Furthermore, via the arithmetic unit 62d the deflection element 34d partly driven. Furthermore, the arithmetic unit determines 62d a parameter that depends on the distances. The arithmetic unit 62d is also with the readout unit 58d connected and so receives data from the detector 42d , The arithmetic unit 62d controls the display 50d and asks the control unit 48d from. The arithmetic unit 62d provides different measurement modes. The arithmetic unit 62d is in the housing unit 46d arranged.

The following is a measuring mode of the arithmetic unit 62d described in detail. In principle, however, further measurement modes that appear appropriate to a person skilled in the art are also conceivable. In a measuring mode, the arithmetic unit generates 62d two pulses in the optical measuring signal 18d by a control of the transmitting element 16d , An impulse is sent via the deflecting element 34d along the first sub-beam 64d and an impulse is passed over the deflecting element 34d along the second sub-beam 66d directed. The pulses are each formed by a signal interruption. In principle, however, other impulses which appear reasonable to a person skilled in the art are also conceivable. The pulses of the optical measuring signal 18d are delayed in time by the detector 42d detected. Furthermore, the detector detects 42d by, by the optical functions of the holographic optical element 30d generated, different impact points of the backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24d . 26d the partial beams 64d . 66d , which impulse by which partial beam 64d . 66d was transferred. About the time delay or the duration of the pulse is by the arithmetic unit 62d such a length of the partial beams 64d . 66d from the distance measuring device 10d to the measurement object 54d certainly. Subsequently, via the in the control unit 48d set angle α between the two partial beams 64d . 66d a distance between the two points of impact of the two partial beams 64d . 66d on the test object 54d calculated. For this purpose the arithmetic unit uses 62d an implementation of the cosine theorem. The arithmetic unit 62d sets a value of the distance on the display 50d can be read by the operator.

In another measuring mode, the operator gives by means of the operating unit 48d a distance between two measuring points. The arithmetic unit 62d regulates an angle between the two partial beams 64d . 66d and thus projects the distance onto a measurement object 54d , In principle, further measuring modes which appear appropriate to a person skilled in the art are conceivable.

6 shows a further alternative distance measuring device according to the invention 10e , The distance measuring device 10e has a transmitting unit 12e on. The transmitting unit 12e of the embodiment of 6 is at least identical to the transmitting unit 12d of the embodiment of 5 educated.

Furthermore, the distance measuring device 10e a receiving unit 20e on. The receiving unit 20e is to a recording of backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24e . 26e of the optical measuring signal 18e intended. The receiving unit 20e is intended to provide backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24e . 26e , which in each case at an impact of the partial beams 64e . 66e of the optical measuring signal 18e on a test object 54e arise, capture and record. From the point of impact of the partial rays 64e . 66e of the optical measuring signal 18e is each electromagnetic radiation 24e . 26e backscattered. The backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24e . 26e of the optical measuring signal 18e is made of reflected light. The measurement object 54e is formed by a wall. In principle, however, other measuring objects that appear reasonable to a person skilled in the art are also suitable 54e conceivable, this is merely an exemplary measurement object. Furthermore, the receiving unit 20e a receiving optics 22e on. Furthermore, the receiving unit 20e a detector 42e on. The detector 42e is intended to provide backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24e . 26e of the optical measuring signal 18e the transmitting unit 12e capture. The detector 42e is formed by a pixel array. The detector 42e includes a plurality of photodiodes connected to the detector 42e are summarized. The photodiodes of the detector 42e are each formed by SPAD diodes. In principle, however, it would also be conceivable that the detector 42e has only one photodiode or is formed by another, one skilled in the appear appropriate detector. Furthermore, the receiving unit 20e a filter 56e on. The filter 56e is formed by a spectral filter. In principle, however, other embodiments of the filter that appear appropriate to a person skilled in the art are also suitable 56e conceivable. The filter 56e is intended to provide incidental backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24e . 26e background light of other wavelengths before impinging on the detector 42e to separate. The filter 56e is right in front of the detector 42e arranged. Basically, the filter 56e however, they may be placed differently, appearing appropriate to a person skilled in the art, for example directly behind the receiving optics 22e , Furthermore, the receiving unit 20e a readout unit 58e on what data of the detector 42e monitored and read. The elite unit 58e monitors the photodiodes of the detector 42e differentiates and reads these differentiated. The elite unit 58e is to a partial readout of the detector 42e intended. This allows a separation of the incident from two different directions backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24e . 26e respectively. Furthermore, the readout unit prepares 58e the signals of the detector 42e on. The elite unit 58e amplifies the signals and serializes the signals. The receiving unit 20e is in the housing unit 46e the distance measuring device 10e arranged. The receiving unit 20e is apart from an entrance opening 60e of the optical measuring signal 18e completely from the housing unit 46e surround. The entrance opening 60e is in the housing unit 46e brought in.

Furthermore, the receiving optics 22e the receiving unit 20e a holographic optical element 30e on. The receiving optics 22e consists of the holographic optical element 30e , In principle, however, it would also be conceivable that the receiving optics 22e not further from further consists of visible elements. The holographic optical element 30e the receiving optics 22e is formed by an optical volume hologram. The holographic optical element 30e is formed by a holographic receiving lens. The holographic optical element 30e is formed by a holographic multi-aperture lens. The holographic optical element 30e is in the entrance opening 60e the housing unit 46e arranged.

The holographic optical element 30e the receiving unit 20e has at least two areas 44e . 44e ' each with different optical functions. The areas 44e . 44e ' are in a main plane of extension of the holographic optical element 30e arranged side by side. In principle, it would also be conceivable that the holographic optical element 30e has at least three areas. The holographic optical element 30e is integrally formed. Each of the two areas 44e . 44e ' in this case has a photoactive layer which is not further visible and which in each case has its own diffraction grating differing from the other photoactive layer. Over each of the photoactive layers in each case an optical function is realized. In this case, each photoactive layer is set in each case to an angle range relative to the respective other photoactive layer, in which the photoactive layer or the diffraction grating of the photoactive layer is optically active. Further, each of the photoactive layers has a diffraction index different from the other photoactive layer in which incident laser light is refracted. The diffraction gratings of the photoactive layers are at a wavelength of the optical measurement signal 18e set in dependence on an angle of incidence. Background light, which is one opposite to the optical measurement signal 18e has differing wavelength is transmitted uninterrupted by the photoactive layers. Each of the photoactive layers is further provided for incidentally backscattered electromagnetic radiation in an optically effective angular range 24e . 26e of the optical measuring signal 18e on a different with respect to the other photoactive layer region of the detector 42e to bow. As a result, at least partially an angle of incidence of a backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24e . 26e be recorded. Furthermore, it can be achieved that the backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24e . 26e , which at two different angles of incidence on the holographic optical element 30e meets, does not bother. Each angle of incidence has its own area 44e . 44e ' on the holographic optical element 30e on. As a result, in particular an advantageous diffraction rate can be achieved.

Furthermore, the distance measuring device 10e an arithmetic unit 62e on. The arithmetic unit 62e provides different measurement modes. An arithmetic unit 62e and a measuring mode of the embodiment of 6 is at least identical to a computing unit 62d and a measuring mode of the embodiment of the 5 educated.

7 shows a further alternative distance measuring device according to the invention 10f , The distance measuring device 10f has a transmitting unit 12f on. The transmitting unit 12f has a transmission optics 14f on. Furthermore, the transmitting unit 12f a transmitting element 16f on. The transmitting element 16f is formed by a laser element. The transmitting element 16f is to send out an optical measurement signal 18f intended. Furthermore, the transmitting unit 12f a distraction element 34f on. The deflection element 34f forms part of the transmission optics 14f , The deflection element 34f is intended, the optical measuring signal 18f to distract in two different directions. The deflection element 34f is formed by a pivoting micromirror. The mirror surface of the deflection element 34f is pivotable about a non-visible control unit by means of an electrostatic actuator in two directions. An angle α between the two directions is via the operating unit 48f adjustable. The deflection element 34f has a sensor, not shown, which detects the angle α between the directions during operation. The operating unit 48f has for this purpose a central rotary wheel. In principle, it would also be conceivable that the mirror surface of the deflection element 34f is pivotable in at least three directions. By at least three directions, for example, an angle measurement between two surfaces or a determination of a smallest distance between a point and a surface can be made possible. The two directions described in this embodiment are to be understood as examples only. About the diversion element 34f becomes the optical measuring signal 18f pivoted continuously over an angular range between the two directions. In the two directions is in each case a partial beam 64f . 66f of the optical measuring signal 18f distracted.

The transmission optics 14f the transmitting unit 12f has a holographic optical element 28f on. The holographic optical element 28f the transmission optics 14f is formed by an optical volume hologram. The holographic optical element 28f is along a course of the optical measurement signal 18f from the transmitting element 16f from behind the deflection element 34f arranged. The holographic optical element 28f is intended to provide an angular range of the optical measurement signal 18f to expand. The holographic optical element 28f is provided to the already by the deflection element 34f deflected partial beam 64f . 66f to bend away from each other. This can be a beneficial big Angular range of the transmitting unit 12f will be realized. In principle, however, it would also be conceivable that the holographic optical element 28f along a course of the optical measurement signal 18f from the transmitting element 16f seen from the deflection element 34f is arranged.

Furthermore, the distance measuring device 10f a receiving unit 20f on. A receiving unit 20f of the embodiment of 7 is at least identical to the receiving unit 20d of the embodiment of 5 educated.

Furthermore, the distance measuring device 10f an arithmetic unit 62f on. The arithmetic unit 62f provides different measurement modes. An arithmetic unit 62f and a measuring mode of the embodiment of 6 is at least identical to a computing unit 62d and a measuring mode of the embodiment of the 5 educated.

8th shows a further alternative distance measuring device according to the invention 10g , The distance measuring device 10g has a transmitting unit 12g on. The transmitting unit 12g has a transmission optics 14g on. Furthermore, the transmitting unit 12g a transmitting element 16g on. The transmitting element 16g is formed by a laser element. The transmitting element 16g is to send out an optical measurement signal 18g intended. Furthermore, the transmitting unit 12g a distraction element 34g on. The deflection element 34g partially forms the transmission optics 14g , The deflection element 34g is intended, the optical measuring signal 18g to distract in two different directions. The deflection element 34g is formed by a pivoting micromirror. The mirror surface of the deflection element 34g is pivotable about a non-visible control unit by means of an electrostatic actuator in two directions. An angle α between the two directions is via the operating unit 48g adjustable. The deflection element 34g has a sensor, not shown, which detects the angle α between the directions during operation. The operating unit 48g has for this purpose a central rotary wheel. In principle, it would also be conceivable that the mirror surface of the deflection element 34g is pivotable in at least three directions. By at least three directions, for example, an angle measurement between two surfaces or a determination of a smallest distance between a point and a surface can be made possible. The two directions described in this embodiment are to be understood as examples only. About the diversion element 34g becomes the optical measuring signal 18g pivoted continuously over an angular range between the two directions. In the two directions is in each case a partial beam 64g . 66g of the optical measuring signal 18g distracted.

The transmission optics 14g the transmitting unit 12g has a holographic optical element 28g on. The holographic optical element 28g the transmission optics 14g is formed by an optical volume hologram. The holographic optical element 28g is along a course of the optical measurement signal 18g from the transmitting element 16f seen from the deflection element 34g arranged. In principle, however, it would also be conceivable that the holographic optical element 28g along a course of the optical measurement signal 18g from the transmitting element 16g from behind the deflection element 34g is arranged. This could in particular an angular range of the transmitting unit 12g be extended.

Furthermore, the distance measuring device 10g a receiving unit 20g on. The receiving unit 20g is to a recording of backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24g . 26g of the optical measuring signal 18g intended. The receiving unit 20g is intended to provide backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24g . 26g , which in each case at an impact of the partial beams 64g . 66g of the optical measuring signal 18g on a test object 54g arise, capture and record. From the point of impact of the partial rays 64g . 66g of the optical measuring signal 18g is each electromagnetic radiation 24g . 26g backscattered. The backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24g . 26g of the optical measuring signal 18g is made of reflected light. The measurement object 54g is formed by a wall. In principle, however, other measuring objects that appear reasonable to a person skilled in the art are also suitable 54g conceivable, this is merely an exemplary measurement object. Furthermore, the receiving unit 20g a receiving optics 22g on. Furthermore, the receiving unit 20g a detector 42g on. The detector 42g is intended to provide backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24g . 26g of the optical measuring signal 18g the transmitting unit 12g capture. The detector 42g is formed by a pixel array. The detector 42g includes a plurality of photodiodes connected to the detector 42g are summarized. The photodiodes of the detector 42g are each formed by SPAD diodes. In principle, however, it would also be conceivable that the detector 42g has only one photodiode or is formed by another, one skilled in the appear appropriate detector. Furthermore, the receiving unit 20g a filter 56g on. The filter 56g is formed by a spectral filter. In principle, however, other embodiments of the filter that appear appropriate to a person skilled in the art are also suitable 56g conceivable. The filter 56g is intended to provide incidental backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24g . 26g background light of other wavelengths before impinging on the detector 42g to separate. The filter 56g is right in front of the detector 42g arranged. Basically, the filter 56g however, they may be placed differently, appearing appropriate to a person skilled in the art, for example directly behind the receiving optics 22g , Furthermore, the receiving unit 20g a readout unit 58g on what data of the detector 42g monitored and read. The elite unit 58g monitors the photodiodes of the detector 42g differentiates and reads these differentiated. The elite unit 58g is to a partial readout of the detector 42g intended. This allows a separation of the incident from two different directions backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24g . 26g respectively. Furthermore, the readout unit prepares 58g the signals of the detector 42g on. The elite unit 58g amplifies the signals and serializes the signals. The receiving unit 20g is in the housing unit 46g the distance measuring device 10g arranged. The receiving unit 20g is apart from an entrance opening 60g of the optical measuring signal 18g completely from the housing unit 46g surround. The entrance opening 60g is in the housing unit 46g brought in.

Furthermore, the receiving optics 22g the receiving unit 20g a holographic optical element 30g on. The receiving optics 22g consists of the holographic optical element 30d , In principle, however, it would also be conceivable that the receiving optics 22g consists of further not visible elements. The holographic optical element 30g the receiving optics 22g is formed by an optical volume hologram. The holographic optical element 30g is formed by a holographic receiving lens. The holographic optical element 30g is formed by a holographic multi-aperture lens. In principle, the holographic optical element 30g also be formed by another, a skilled person appear appropriate element. The holographic optical element 30g is in the entrance opening 60g the housing unit 46g arranged. Further, the holographic optical element covers 30g an angular range of> 60 ° full angle. The holographic optical element 30g the receiving unit 20g overlays several optical functions.

The holographic optical element 28g the transmission optics 14g is integral with the holographic optical element 30g the receiving optics 22g educated. The holographic optical element 28g the transmission optics 14g is integral with the holographic optical element 30g the receiving optics 22g educated. The holographic optical element 28g the transmission optics 14g and the holographic optical element 30g the receiving optics 22g are combined to form a holographic optical element. Between the one holographic optical element 28g the transmission optics 14g and the holographic optical element 30g the receiving optics 22g is an absorber 32g arranged. The absorber 32g is formed by a separating layer. The absorber 32g extends completely between the holographic optical element 28g the transmission optics 14g and the holographic optical element 30g the receiving optics 22g , The holographic optical element 28g the transmission optics 14g and the holographic optical element 30g the receiving optics 22g are therefore over the absorber 32g integrally formed.

Furthermore, the distance measuring device 10g an arithmetic unit 62g on. The arithmetic unit 62g provides different measurement modes. An arithmetic unit 62g and a measuring mode of the embodiment of 8th is at least identical to a computing unit 62d and a measuring mode of the embodiment of the 5 educated.

9 shows a further alternative distance measuring device according to the invention 10h , The distance measuring device 10h has a transmitting unit 12h on. The transmitting unit 12h has a transmission optics 14h on. Furthermore, the transmitting unit 12h a transmitting element 16h on. The transmitting element 16h is formed by a laser element. The transmitting element 16h is to send out an optical measurement signal 18h intended. Furthermore, the transmitting unit 12h a distraction element 34h on. The deflection element 34h partially forms the transmission optics 14h , The deflection element 34h is intended, the optical measuring signal 18h to distract in two different directions. The deflection element 34h is formed by a pivoting micromirror. The mirror surface of the deflection element 34h is pivotable about a non-visible control unit by means of an electrostatic actuator in two directions. An angle α between the two directions is via the operating unit 48h adjustable. The deflection element 34h has a sensor, not shown, which detects the angle α between the directions during operation. The operating unit 48h has for this purpose a central rotary wheel. About the diversion element 34h becomes the optical measuring signal 18h pivoted continuously over an angular range between the two directions. In the two directions is in each case a partial beam 64h . 66h of the optical measuring signal 18h distracted. The transmitting element 16h is opposite to the transmission optics 14h arranged angled. The transmitting element 16h is opposite to the transmission optics 14h arranged at an angle of about 90 °. Furthermore, the transmitting element 16h outside a back-scattered electromagnetic radiation provided for a receptacle 24 hours of the optical measuring signal 18h arranged. The optical measuring signal 18h falls parallel to a main extension plane of the transmission optics 14h on the deflection element 34h and it is divided into two parts 64h . 66h distracted. The first partial beam 64h is from the deflection element 34h distracted by about 90 ° and the second partial beam 66h ' is from the deflection element 34h deflected by approx. 90 ° + α. In principle, however, another angle than 90 ° would be conceivable.

The transmission optics 14h the transmitting unit 12h has a holographic optical element 28h on. The holographic optical element 28h the transmission optics 14h is formed by an optical volume hologram. The holographic optical element 28h is along a course of the optical measurement signal 18h from the transmitting element 16h from behind the deflection element 34h arranged. The holographic optical element 28h is intended to provide an angular range of the optical measurement signal 18h to expand. The holographic optical element 28h is provided to the already by the deflection element 34h deflected partial beam 64h . 66h to bend away from each other. As a result, an advantageously large angular range of the transmitting unit 12h will be realized. In principle, however, it would also be conceivable that the holographic optical element 28h along a course of the optical measurement signal 18h from the transmitting element 16h seen from the deflection element 34h is arranged.

Furthermore, the distance measuring device 10h a receiving unit 20h on. The receiving unit 20h is to a recording of backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24 hours . 26h of the optical measuring signal 18h intended. The receiving unit 20h is intended to provide backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24 hours . 26h , which in each case at an impact of the partial beams 64h . 66h of the optical measuring signal 18h on a test object 54h arise, capture and record. From the point of impact of the partial beams 64h . 66h of the optical measuring signal 18h is each electromagnetic radiation 24 hours . 26h backscattered. The backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24 hours . 26h of the optical measuring signal 18h is made of reflected light. The measurement object 54h is formed by a wall. In principle, however, other measuring objects that appear reasonable to a person skilled in the art are also suitable 54h conceivable, this is merely an exemplary measurement object. Furthermore, the receiving unit 20h a receiving optics 22h on. Furthermore, the receiving unit 20h a detector 42h on. Furthermore, the receiving unit 20h a filter 56h on. The filter 56h is formed by a spectral filter. In principle, however, other embodiments of the filter that appear appropriate to a person skilled in the art are also suitable 56h conceivable. The filter 56h is intended to provide incidental backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24 hours . 26h background light of other wavelengths before impinging on the detector 42h to separate. The filter 56h is right in front of the detector 42h arranged. Basically, the filter 56h however, they may be placed differently, appearing appropriate to a person skilled in the art, for example directly behind the receiving optics 22h , Furthermore, the receiving unit 20g a readout unit 58h on what data of the detector 42h monitored and read. The elite unit 58h monitors the photodiodes of the detector 42h differentiates and reads these differentiated. The elite unit 58h is to a partial readout of the detector 42h intended. This allows a separation of the incident from two different directions backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24 hours . 26h respectively. Furthermore, the readout unit prepares 58h the signals of the detector 42h on. The elite unit 58h amplifies the signals and serializes the signals. The receiving unit 20h is in the housing unit 46h the distance measuring device 10h arranged. The receiving unit 20h is apart from an entrance opening 60h of the optical measuring signal 18h completely from the housing unit 46h surround. The entrance opening 60h is in the housing unit 46h brought in.

Furthermore, the receiving optics 22h the receiving unit 20h a holographic optical element 30h on. The receiving optics 22h consists of the holographic optical element 30h , The holographic optical element 30h the receiving unit 20h overlays several optical functions. In principle, however, it would also be conceivable that the holographic optical element 30h has two differentiating regions, each having different optical functions.

The holographic optical element 28h the transmission optics 14h is integral with the holographic optical elements 30h . 30h ' the receiving optics 22h educated. The holographic optical element 28h the transmission optics 14h is integral with the holographic optical elements 30h . 30h ' the receiving optics 22h educated. The holographic optical element 28h the transmission optics 14h and the holographic optical elements 30h . 30h ' the receiving optics 22h are combined to form a holographic optical element.

The holographic optical element 28h the transmission optics 14h is viewed, in each case in two mutually perpendicular planes, respectively on two opposite sides of the two holographic optical elements 30h . 30h ' the receiving optics 22h limited. Each of the two holographic optical elements 30h . 30h ' the receiving optics 22h limit the holographic optical element 28h the transmission optics 14h each to one side. Between the one holographic optical element 28h the transmission optics 14h and the first holographic optical element 30h the receiving optics 22h is an absorber 32h arranged and between the one holographic optical element 28h the transmission optics 14h and the second holographic optical element 30h ' the receiving optics 22h is an absorber 32h ' arranged. The absorber 32h . 32h ' are each formed by a release layer. The absorber 32h . 32h ' each extend completely between the holographic optical element 28h the transmission optics 14h and the respective holographic optical element 30h . 30h ' the receiving optics 22h , The holographic optical element 28h the transmission optics 14c and the holographic optical elements 30h . 30h ' the receiving optics 22h are therefore about the absorber 32h . 32h ' integrally formed.

The holographic optical element 28h the transmission optics 14h and the holographic optical elements 30h . 30h ' the receiving optics 22h are common in a common opening of the housing unit 46h arranged. The common opening forms both an outlet opening 52h as well as an entrance opening 60h ,

Furthermore, the distance measuring device 10h an arithmetic unit 62h on. The arithmetic unit 62h provides different measurement modes. An arithmetic unit 62h and a measuring mode of the embodiment of 9 is at least identical to a computing unit 62d and a measuring mode of the embodiment of the 5 educated.

10 shows a further alternative distance measuring device according to the invention 10i , The distance measuring device 10i has a transmitting unit 12i on. The transmitting unit 12i of the embodiment of 10 is at least identical to the transmitting unit 12d of the embodiment of 5 educated.

Furthermore, the distance measuring device 10i a receiving unit 20i on. The receiving unit 20i is to a recording of backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24i . 26i of the optical measuring signal 18i intended. The receiving unit 20i is intended to provide backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24i . 26i , which in each case at an impact of the partial beams 64i . 66i of the optical measuring signal 18i on a test object 54i arise, capture and record. From the point of impact of the partial beams 64i . 66i of the optical measuring signal 18h is each electromagnetic radiation 24i . 26i backscattered. The backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24i . 26i of the optical measuring signal 18i is made of reflected light. The measurement object 54i is formed by a wall. In principle, however, other measuring objects that appear reasonable to a person skilled in the art are also suitable 54i conceivable, this is merely an exemplary measurement object. Furthermore, the receiving unit 20i a receiving optics 22i on. Furthermore, the receiving unit 20i a detector 42i on. Furthermore, the receiving unit 20i a filter 56i on. The filter 56i is formed by a spectral filter. In principle, however, other embodiments of the filter that appear appropriate to a person skilled in the art are also suitable 56i conceivable. The filter 56i is intended to provide incidental backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24i . 26i background light of other wavelengths before impinging on the detector 42i to separate. The filter 56i is right in front of the detector 42i arranged. Basically, the filter 56i however, they may be placed differently, appearing appropriate to a person skilled in the art, for example directly behind the receiving optics 22i , Furthermore, the receiving unit 20i a readout unit 58i on what data of the detector 42i monitored and read. The elite unit 58i monitors the photodiodes of the detector 42i differentiates and reads these differentiated. The elite unit 58i is to a partial readout of the detector 42i intended. This allows a separation of the incident from two different directions backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24i . 26i respectively. Furthermore, the readout unit prepares 58i the signals of the detector 42i on. The elite unit 58i amplifies the signals and serializes the signals. Furthermore, the one receiving unit 20i an absorber 36i provided therefor, unbent by the at least one holographic optical element 30i the receiving optics 22i falling electromagnetic radiation 38i . 40i partially record. The absorber 36i is made of a dull, black plate. In principle, however, other embodiments of the absorber which appear appropriate to a person skilled in the art would also be desirable 36i conceivable. The receiving unit 20i is in the housing unit 46i the distance measuring device 10i arranged. The receiving unit 20i is apart from an entrance opening 60i of the optical measuring signal 18i completely from the housing unit 46i surround. The entrance opening 60i is in the housing unit 46i brought in.

Furthermore, the receiving optics 22i the receiving unit 20i a holographic optical element 30i on. The receiving optics 22i consists of the holographic optical element 30i , The holographic optical element 30i the receiving unit 20i overlays several optical functions. The holographic optical element 30i the receiving unit 20i is intended to be incident electromagnetic radiation 24i . 26i from the absorber 36i away, in the direction of the detector 42i to bow. The holographic optical element 30i is intended to provide backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24i . 26i of the optical measuring signal 18i the transmitting unit 12i in the direction of the detector 42i to bow. The holographic optical element 30i is intended to be in an angular range incident, backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24i . 26i of the optical measuring signal 18i the transmitting unit 12i or radiation which has the same wavelength, in the direction of the detector 42i to bow. It can thereby be achieved that only of the holographic optical element 30i diffracted light, which consequently the wavelength and the direction of incidence of the optical measuring signal 18i has, on the detector 42i meets. Light, in particular backlight, which is from the holographic optical element 30i is not broken but this just happened, meets the absorber 36i and therefore can not produce any noise on the detector 42i produce. In particular, it also falls backscattered electromagnetic radiation 38i . 40i which is not due to the holographic optical element 30i is bent on the absorber 36i and so can not smear on the detector 42i produce. Backscattered electromagnetic radiation 38i . 40i which is not due to the holographic optical element 30i can not bend through the filter 56i be filtered out. Background light, for example, due to a similar wavelength through the holographic optical element 30i in the direction of the detector 42i is bent, on the other hand, through the filter 56i in front of the detector 42i filtered out.

Furthermore, the distance measuring device 10i an arithmetic unit 62i on. The arithmetic unit 62i provides different measurement modes. An arithmetic unit 62i and a measuring mode of the embodiment of 10 is at least identical to a computing unit 62d and a measuring mode of the embodiment of the 5 educated.

11 shows a further alternative distance measuring device according to the invention 10j , The distance measuring device 10j has a transmitting unit 12j on. The transmitting unit 12j of the embodiment of 11 is at least identical to the transmitting unit 12d of the embodiment of 5 educated.

Furthermore, the distance measuring device 10j a receiving unit 20i on. The receiving unit 20j of the 11 is essentially at least identical to the receiving unit 20i of the 10 educated. The receiving unit 20j has a receiving optics 22j , a detector 42j , a readout unit 58j and an absorber 36j on. Furthermore, the receiving optics 22j the receiving unit 20j a holographic optical element 30j on. The holographic optical element 30j is formed by a reflection hologram. The holographic optical element 30j the receiving unit 20j is intended to be incident electromagnetic radiation 24j . 26j from the absorber 36j away, in the direction of the detector 42i to reflect. The holographic optical element 30j is opposite to an entrance opening 60j angled to impinge electromagnetic radiation 24j . 26j on the in a housing unit 46j the distance measuring device 10j arranged detector 42j to reflect. The holographic optical element 30j is intended to provide backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24j . 26j of the optical measuring signal 18j the transmitting unit 12j in the direction of the detector 42j to bow. The holographic optical element 30j is intended to be in an angular range incident, backscattered electromagnetic radiation 24j . 26j of the optical measuring signal 18j the transmitting unit 12j or radiation which has the same wavelength, in the direction of the detector 42j to bow. It can thereby be achieved that only of the holographic optical element 30j diffracted light, which consequently the wavelength and the direction of incidence of the optical measuring signal 18j has, on the detector 42j meets. Light, in particular backlight, which is from the holographic optical element 30j is not broken but this just happened, meets the absorber 36j and therefore can not produce any noise on the detector 42j produce. In addition, however, it would be conceivable that the receiving unit 20j having a filter, in particular in front of the detector 42j is arranged. In principle, however, it is possible to dispense with a filter on account of the high wavelength selectivity of reflection holograms. Furthermore, due to the high wavelength selectivity, several optical functions can advantageously be incorporated into the holographic optical element 30j get saved.

Furthermore, the distance measuring device 10j an arithmetic unit 62j on. The arithmetic unit 62j provides different measurement modes. An arithmetic unit 62j and a measuring mode of the embodiment of 11 is at least identical to a computing unit 62d and a measuring mode of the embodiment of the 5 educated.

Claims (15)

Distance measuring device, in particular hand-held distance measuring device, with at least one transmitting unit ( 12a ; 12b ; 12c ; 12d ; 12e ; 12f . 12g . 12h ; 12i ; 12j ), the at least one transmission optics ( 14a ; 14b ; 14c ; 14d ; 14e ; 14f . 14g . 14h ; 14i ; 14j ) and at least one transmitting element ( 16a ; 16b ; 16c ; 16d ; 16e ; 16f . 16g . 16h ; 16i ; 16j ) for emitting at least one optical measuring signal ( 18a ; 18b ; 18c ; 18d ; 18e ; 18f . 18g . 18h ; 18i ; 18j ), and with at least one receiving unit ( 20a ; 20b ; 20c ; 20d ; 20e ; 20f . 20g . 20h ; 20i ; 20j ), the at least one receiving optics ( 22a ; 22b ; 22c ; 22d ; 22e ; 22f . 22g . 22h ; 22i ; 22j ) and to a recording of a backscattered electromagnetic radiation ( 24a . 26a ; 24b . 26b ; 24c . 26c ; 24d . 26d ; 24e . 26e ; 24f . 26f ; 24g . 26g ; 24 hours . 26h ; 24i . 26i ; 24j . 26j ) of the at least one optical measuring signal ( 18a ; 18b ; 18c ; 18d ; 18e ; 18f . 18g . 18h ; 18i ; 18j ) is provided, characterized in that at least one of the optics ( 14a . 22a ; 14b . 22b ; 14c . 22c ; 14d . 22d ; 14e . 22e ; 14f . 22f ; 14g . 22g ; 14h . 22h ; 14i . 22i ; 14j . 22j ) at least one holographic optical element ( 30a ; 28b . 30b ; 28c . 30c . 30c '; 30d ; 30e ; 28f . 30f ; 28g . 30g ; 28h . 30h . 30h '; 30i ; 30j ) having. Distance measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one receiving optics ( 22b ; 22c ; 22f ; 22g ; 22h ) at least one holographic optical element ( 28b . 30b ; 28c . 30c . 30c '; 28f . 30f ; 28g . 30g ; 28h . 30h . 30h ' ) having. Distance measuring device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one transmitting optics ( 14b ; 14c ; 14f ; 14g ; 14h ) and the at least one receiving optics ( 22b ; 22c ; 22f ; 22g ; 22h ) at least one holographic optical element ( 28b . 30b ; 28c . 30c . 30c '; 28f . 30f ; 28g . 30g ; 28h . 30h . 30h ' ) exhibit. Distance measuring device according to claim 3, characterized in that the at least one holographic optical element ( 28b ; 28c ; 28g . 28h ) of the transmission optics ( 14b ; 14c ; 14g . 14h ) in one piece with the at least one holographic optical element ( 30b ; 30c . 30c '; 30g . 30h . 30h ' ) of the receiving optics ( 22b ; 22c ; 22g . 22h ) is trained. Distance measuring device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that between the at least one holographic optical element ( 28b ; 28c ; 28g . 28h ) of the transmission optics ( 14b ; 14c ; 14g . 14h ) and the at least one holographic optical element ( 30b ; 30c . 30c '; 30g . 30h . 30h ' ) of the receiving optics ( 22b ; 22c ; 22g . 22h ) at least one absorber ( 32b ; 32c . 32c '; 32g ; 32h . 32h ' ) is arranged. Distance measuring device according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the at least one holographic optical element ( 28c ; 28h ) of the transmission optics ( 14c ; 14h ), each viewed in at least two mutually perpendicular planes, each on two opposite sides of the at least one holographic optical element ( 30c . 30c '; 30h . 30h ' ) of the receiving optics ( 22c ; 22h ) is limited. Distance measuring device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transmitting unit ( 12d ; 12e ; 12f ; 12g ; 12h ; 12i ; 12j ) at least one deflection element ( 34d ; 34e ; 34f ; 34g ; 34h . 34i ; 34j ), which is provided, the at least one optical measuring signal ( 18d ; 18e ; 18f ; 18g ; 18h ; 18i ; 18j ) in at least two different directions. Distance measuring device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one receiving unit ( 20i ; 20j ) at least one absorber ( 36i ; 36j ), which is intended, unbent by the at least one holographic optical element ( 30i ; 30j ) of the receiving optics ( 22i ; 22j ) falling electromagnetic radiation ( 38i . 40i ; 38j . 40j ) at least partially. Distance measuring device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the receiving unit ( 20a ; 20b ; 20c ; 20d ; 20e ; 20f . 20g . 20h ; 20i ; 20j ) at least one detector ( 42a ; 42b ; 42c ; 42d ; 42e ; 42f . 42g . 42h ; 42i ; 42j ), which is intended to be backscattered electromagnetic radiation ( 24a . 26a ; 24b . 26b ; 24c . 26c ; 24d . 26d ; 24e . 26e ; 24f . 26f ; 24g . 26g ; 24 hours . 26h ; 24i . 26i ; 24j . 26j ) of the at least one optical measuring signal ( 18a ; 18b ; 18c ; 18d ; 18e ; 18f . 18g . 18h ; 18i ; 18j ) of the transmitting unit ( 12a ; 12b ; 12c ; 12d ; 12e ; 12f . 12g . 12h ; 12i ; 12j ) capture. Distance measuring device at least according to claim 8 and 9, characterized in that the at least one holographic optical element ( 30i ; 30j ) of the receiving unit ( 20i ; 20j ) is designed to prevent incident electromagnetic radiation ( 24i . 26i ; 24j . 26j ) from the absorber ( 36i ; 36j ) away, in the direction of the detector ( 42i ; 42j ) to bend and / or reflect. Distance measuring device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one holographic optical element ( 30a ; 30b ; 30c ; 30d ; 30e ; 30f . 30g . 30h ; 30i ; 30j ) of the transmitting unit ( 12a ; 12b ; 12c ; 12d ; 12e ; 12f . 12g . 12h ; 12i ; 12j ) and / or the receiving unit ( 20a ; 20b ; 20c ; 20d ; 20e ; 20f . 20g . 20h ; 20i ; 20j ) covers an effective angle range of at least 40 °. Distance measuring device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one holographic optical element ( 30d ; 30f ; 30g ; 30h . 30h '; 30i ; 30j ) of the transmitting unit ( 12d ; 12f ; 12g ; 12h ; 12i ; 12j ) and / or the receiving unit ( 20d ; 20f ; 20g ; 20h ; 20i ; 20j ) at least two optical functions superimposed. Distance measuring device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one holographic optical element ( 30e ) of the transmitting unit ( 12e ) and / or the receiving unit ( 20e ) at least two areas ( 44e . 44e ' ) each having different optical functions. Holographic optical element of a distance measuring device ( 10a ; 10b ; 10c ; 10d ; 10e ; 10f . 10g . 10h ; 10i ; 10j ) according to any one of the preceding claims. Method for producing a holographic optical element ( 30a ; 28b . 30b ; 28c . 30c . 30c '; 30d ; 30e ; 28f . 30f ; 28g . 30g ; 28h . 30h . 30h '; 30i ; 30j ) according to claim 14.

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