DE102013215649A1 - Device for the non-contact activation of a charging process, charging station and method for the non-contact activation of a charging process - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for contactless activation of a charging process of an electrical energy store of a motor vehicle has a detector. This recognizes that the motor vehicle is located in a spatial loading area. An activation signal is output when the motor vehicle is in the predetermined spatial loading area. An activation unit activates an energy transfer. Furthermore, a charging station and a method will be described.

Description

The invention relates to a device for activating a charging process of an electrical energy store of a motor vehicle, in particular, for example, an electromobile motor vehicle. Furthermore, the invention relates to a charging station for charging a motor vehicle having an electrical energy store. In addition, the invention relates to a method for contactless activation of a charging process of an electrical energy storage device of a motor vehicle.

Electric motor vehicles are typically charged today with a charger with a power of about 3 kW. Such a charger is a bridge between a power grid and an energy storage of the motor vehicle. It converts e.g. a 50 Hz AC voltage in a tolerable for the energy storage of the vehicle DC voltage and a corresponding charging current. In the case of a conductive or line-charged charging of the energy store, a connection between the power supply network and the vehicle is established by means of a cable.

In contrast, there is a wireless or inductive charging. Here, the energy is transmitted by means of the transformer principle over distances of up to about 25 cm. By means of a current-carrying transmitting coil, a magnetic field is generated. A corresponding receiver coil is traversed by at least part of the magnetic field, thereby inducing a current flow in the receiver coil. The efficiency of the inductive energy transfer is dependent inter alia on a relative orientation of the two coils to each other. Only a few centimeters deviation from an ideal alignment of the two coils leads to an increased scattering of the magnetic field, a decreasing coupling factor and a lower energy transfer efficiency between the transmitter and receiver coil.

In the case that the transmitting coil is located in the bottom of a parking lot, an electric vehicle with receiver coil during loading should have an ideal position, so that the two coils are ideally aligned with each other and thus the efficiency of energy transfer between the bottom transmitting coil and the vehicle side Receiver coil is optimal.

In order to ensure an accurate relative position between the transmitting and receiving coils, approaches are known which operate with mechanical ground contacts, wherein a suitable position of a vehicle is detected by a mechanical activation of the ground contacts and in response an energy transfer between a power supply device and a power receiving device is initiated , However, these systems have the disadvantage that they are mechanically sensitive to disturbances, such as breakage or moisture penetrating. In addition, such a system has the disadvantage that it gives the driver no assistance in aligning the vehicle in an optimal loading position.

For aligning the vehicle in an optimal loading position, mechanical guides are known in the prior art, as they are similarly used for example in car washes. In addition to the susceptibility to failure, here are the disadvantages of poor availability of such a complex mechanism and potential damage from vandalism.

The invention has for its object to improve activation of a charging process of an electrical energy storage of a motor vehicle.

This object is solved by the subject matters of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments, further features and details of the present invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, the description and the drawings. In this case, features and details that are described in connection with the device, of course, also in connection with the charging station and the method, and vice versa, so that with respect to the disclosure of this invention to the individual aspects of the invention always reciprocal reference can be made.

According to a first aspect of the invention, a device for non-contact activation of a charging process of an electrical energy storage device of a motor vehicle is described. The described apparatus comprises (a) a detector arranged to (i) detect in a contactless manner whether the motor vehicle is within a predetermined spatial loading area relative to an energy supply device in which the energy supply device and a power receiving device of the motor vehicle relative are arranged to one another such that a transfer of energy from the energy supply device to the energy receiving device with a predetermined minimum efficiency is possible, and (ii) to output an activation signal when the motor vehicle is in the predetermined spatial charging area. The apparatus further comprises (b) an activation unit downstream of the detector and configured to transmit energy from the energy delivery device to the device in response to receipt of the activation signal Activate energy intake device. The invention is based on the finding that a contact-type activation of the charging process can be dispensed with. Instead, the activation of the charging process can be done without contact.

In particular, the detector can detect whether the motor vehicle is located within a spatial loading area, for example in a parking space in which the energy supply device is located. This can for example be integrated in the bottom of the parking lot. Specifically, when the vehicle is in the loading area, the detector may output the activation signal in response, which initiates activation of the power transmission, for example, between the parking side power supply device and the power receiving device, which may be installed on the vehicle side.

In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, a charging station for charging the motor vehicle having an electrical energy store is described. The charging station includes (a) the device described above, and the power supply device associated with the predetermined spatial charging area.

In particular, the entire charging station can be installed in a parking lot. The spatial loading area can in particular be arranged such that the energy receiving device is located in the spatial loading area when the motor vehicle is parked in the middle of the parking space.

According to a further aspect of the invention, a method for non-contact activation of a charging process of an electrical energy storage device of a motor vehicle is described. The described method comprises (a) contactless detection of whether the motor vehicle is within a predetermined spatial loading area relative to an energy supply device in which the energy supply device and an energy absorption device of the motor vehicle are arranged relative to each other so that a power transmission from the energy supply device to the (B) outputting an activation signal when the motor vehicle is in the predetermined spatial charging area, and (c) activating the energy transfer from the energy providing device to the energy receiving device in response to receipt of the activation signal.

The term "energy storage" can be understood to mean a rechargeable storage of electrical energy, in particular a rechargeable battery or accumulator, which can serve as a source of energy for a motor vehicle with an electric motor.

An "energy supply device" can be understood as a component that can transfer energy to other components. The energy supply device may, for example, be a current-carrying coil which generates a magnetic field which induces current in a corresponding receiver coil.

A "power receiving device" may be understood to mean a component that receives power from the power providing device. For example, the energy receiving device may be a receiver coil in which a current flow can be induced by means of a magnetic field.

A "loading area" can be understood as the spatial area relative to the energy supply device in which it is possible to transmit energy from the energy supply device to a power receiving device with a predetermined "minimum efficiency". During a parking process, care should be taken to ensure that the vehicle's energy intake device is in the cargo area.

A "minimum efficiency" can be understood as meaning a predetermined efficiency in the energy transmission from the energy supply device to the energy absorption device. For example, the minimum efficiency may be set at 90% of the maximum achievable energy transfer efficiency.

The provision of non-contact activation of the charging process may have the advantage that the charging process between the energy supply device and the energy absorption device is activated when the motor vehicle in the parking lot assumes a suitable charging position without a driver having to manually activate the charging process. This allows a simple charging of the energy storage of the motor vehicle are made possible in which the driver does not have to leave the vehicle. Furthermore, the power supply device may remain inactive as long as there is no vehicle with a chargeable energy intake device in the cargo area, ie the energy supply device may remain idle in a dormant state until the chargeable vehicle approaches energy intake device, thereby causing activation of the energy supply device. Thus, an occurrence of electrosmog and / or unnecessary power consumption can be avoided in an advantageous manner. On mechanical guides and mechanical release mechanisms of energy transfer can be omitted which increases availability and eliminates potential damage from vandalism.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the apparatus will be described. However, the corresponding configurations and features also apply to the charging station and the method.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the energy transfer is a contactless energy transfer.

The term "contactless energy transfer" can be understood as a form of electrical energy transfer which takes place without cables or electrical contacts, for example a capacitive or inductive energy transfer.

According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the contactless energy transmission is an inductive energy transmission.

In particular, the term "inductive energy transmission" can be understood to mean the non-contact transmission of energy by means of an alternating magnetic field. In this case, a Engergiebereitstellungseinrichtung, for example, a transmitting coil, with alternating current flows through, which generates a magnetic alternating field. If an energy absorption device, for example a receiver coil, is oriented in the alternating magnetic field in such a way that it is traversed by at least part of the alternating magnetic field, then a current flow is generated in the receiver coil. In this way, it is possible to inductively transfer energy from an energy supply device to an energy absorption device. The transmitting coil may for example be connected to the public power supply network and be integrated in the bottom of the parking lot, the corresponding receiver coil may be installed in particular in the vehicle.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the detector has a magnetic sensor.

In particular, the magnetic sensor may be located in the vehicle and detect the magnetic field of the inductive energy supply device. Magnetic activation of the energy transfer can be achieved by means of active, i. current-carrying systems, or by means of passive systems, for example by means of magnetic proximity switches.

A use of a magnetic sensor can in particular have the advantage that it operates safely regardless of any contamination. Thus, no additional cleaning system is necessary.

In addition, the magnetic sensor can be tuned in particular to a frequency of the magnetic field and clearly recognize the magnetic field as the associated magnetic field.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the power delivery device provides power at a first power when the motor vehicle is within the predetermined spatial charging range, wherein the energy providing device provides power at a second power when the motor vehicle is within a predetermined spatial detection range. Therefore, the predetermined spatial detection area is located around the given spatial loading area. Furthermore, the first power is greater than the second power.

The term "detection area" can be understood as meaning the spatial area within which a magnetic sensor can detect a magnetic field from an energy supply device, in particular a transmitting coil, but because of distance no energy transfer can take place with a sufficiently high minimum efficiency between the energy supply device and the energy absorption device. The detection area differs from the charging area in that a power receiving device located in the charging area can receive power with a minimum efficiency, whereas in a power receiving device located in the detecting area, the magnetic field can be detected by the magnetic sensor, but due to the spatial distance between energy supply device and energy receiving device no energy transfer with the predetermined minimum efficiency, for example, with 90% of the maximum achievable efficiency, can take place.

The loading area may, for example, be circular and located around the transmitting coil in the bottom of a parking lot. For example, the detection area may be in the form of a circular ring concentrically around the circular loading area.

The term "first power" can be understood as the power with which the energy transmission to the receiver coil located in the charging area takes place; for example, it amounts to 90% of the maximum achievable efficiency of the energy transmission, or at least a power value of the predetermined minimum efficiency, for example 85% maximum achievable efficiency.

The term "second power" can be understood to mean a power with which the energy transmission takes place to the energy receiving device located in the detection area, its value being significantly lower than the value of the first power. For example, the second power may be 2% or 5% of the maximum transmissible power. On the basis of a detailed detection of the lower, second power can be made in particular an orientation of the vehicle, so that an efficient energy transfer is possible. In contrast, the higher, first power is for efficient energy transfer between the energy providing device and the energy receiving device.

For example, the detector of a parking vehicle having a magnetic sensor first reaches the detection area where the magnetic sensor detects the magnetic field having the lower second power. The reaching of the detection area can be particularly visual, e.g. be displayed by means of a display. When the parking vehicle subsequently reaches the loading area, the detector activates the energy transfer, which then takes place with the higher, first power. In addition, the driver can be shown on the display that an optimal vehicle position has been reached, in which the energy transfer can take place with high efficiency.

The provision of detection and charging area, which are detected by means of the magnetic sensor, may in particular have the advantage that an energy supply device, such as a transmitting coil, does not have to permanently emit a magnetic field with the higher first power, but only in the event that a chargeable vehicle is located in the loading area. In addition, the magnetic sensor can assist in aligning the vehicle in an optimal position.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the device further comprises at least two further magnetic sensors, which are adapted to recognize in a contactless manner, at which position within the spatial detection area or the spatial loading area, the motor vehicle is located.

In particular, for example, three magnetic sensors may be located at spaced positions in the underbody of the vehicle, each measuring the strength of the magnetic field at its current position. The strength of the magnetic field decreases in a known manner with the square of the distance to the magnetic field source (energy supply device). Due to the distributed position of the sensors, these receive different strength magnetic fields, so that it can be obtained from the horizontal position of the energy supply device relative to the energy absorption device. An electronic evaluation unit of these sensors can take place in a vehicle-side rectifier box, which is part of the charging system, for example.

In particular, the driver can be indicated by means of a suitable Human Machine Interface (HMI) measures, how far and in which direction he has to move the vehicle in order to maneuver it in the optimal loading area. Suitable HMI measures may be, for example, a display in the vehicle, or haptic measures, such as a vibration of the accelerator pedal or the steering wheel, as soon as the detection range and / or the loading area is reached.

In particular, automatic parking on the basis of the sensors is possible, for example by means of a parking assistance system.

The provision of at least three magnetic sensors can in particular have the advantage that an exact positioning of the vehicle relative to the loading area is possible in a comfortable manner, which can be done manually or automatically.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the detector further comprises an optical sensor.

In particular, an optical activation of the energy transmission can take place by means of photosensors which detect the headlight light of the motor vehicle. These may, for example, be aligned with headlight height in order to avoid stray light reception. In particular, when using two optical sensors at headlight level, the presence of two headlights can be detected and thereby the energy transfer can be activated.

Furthermore, at least one optical sensor in the sense of a (preferably parking space-side) brightness sensor or a (preferably vehicle-side) camera system which is aligned with a parking space-side surface (such as a wall) can be used to detect the headlight light. In this case, the outline, the height, the width, the brightness curve or another optical feature that reflects the headlight can be detected. This detected optical information is evaluated in order to determine a position of the vehicle, in particular the distance and / or the orientation of the vehicle or energy supply device relative to the energy receiving device or to the wall and in particular relative to the sensor. The The camera-side camera system may be provided on the underbody of the vehicle, or may be provided on the vehicle from the height of the passenger compartment of the vehicle (or at the height of the radiator grill), preferably aligned in the forward direction of travel of the vehicle.

For signal separation, the headlight light can be brightness-modulated, in particular in order to separate the headlight light from interfering light influences on the basis of the modulation. The modulation may be constant, in particular in the sense of a constant frequency or another, repetitive, constant waveform. The waveform can represent a type of motor vehicle, a type of energy absorption device or an individual identification of the motor vehicle. In addition, an operating parameter of the vehicle can be transmitted by the modulation, such as a distance, a position and / or an orientation of the vehicle, wherein the distance, the position or the orientation is determined approximately by a (vehicle-side) detector as described here. The modulation can also reflect an operating parameter of the energy store or an associated charging device, such as a temperature, an actual or desired charging current, an actual or desired charging power, or other parameters to at least one of these parameters for preparation, control and / or to use for regulating the energy transmission, in particular on the vehicle side and / or on the part of the energy supply device.

The modulation may be an amplitude and / or frequency modulation. Alternatively or in combination herewith, the above-mentioned information may be a convolution with a code in the sense of a code division multiplex transmission. By means of the modulation, further preferably encrypted verification data can be transmitted, which is verified by the energy supply device and, depending on the result of the verification, the energy transfer is initiated.

The detector may be a camera system that recognizes the vehicle by means of image recognition. In particular, the camera system can be installed in the parking lot, where it detects the incoming vehicle and activates the energy transfer.

The provision of a camera system in the parking lot can in particular have the advantage that license plates can be read from parked vehicles, whereby a billing over the transmitted energy can be done automatically. For example, an approval of the vehicle for the use of an "energy parking" can be regulated, for example, at a company parking. In addition, the parking lot can be monitored by means of the camera system without the need for additional monitoring technology.

In particular, an optical camera system, for example, be mounted on the underbody of the vehicle, which detects the position of the energy supply device, for example by means of a color mark on the parking lot. Thus, the parking operation can be carried out by means of the parking assistance system, alternatively, the driver can be assisted during manual parking, for example by the camera image being displayed on the display.

The camera system on the underbody can in particular have the advantage that a monitoring of the air gap between the energy supply device and the energy receiving device is possible, for example between the parking-side transmitting coil and the vehicle-side receiver coil. Thus, the presence of an object, for example a cat under the vehicle, can be detected and optionally an energy transmission can be interrupted in order to avoid damage to health. In addition, the power supply device may be inactive, i. remain in a no-power condition until it is activated by the detector.

Alternatively, the camera system may be in the windscreen, the side windows, the grille, the vehicle handles or the rear-view mirrors. Any existing cameras (for example for parking assistance) can be reused to optically locate the correct parking position without the need for additional equipment installation.

Objects moving toward the vehicle, which disappear under the vehicle from the field of view of the cameras, can be considered as living objects (e.g., cat) and then the transmission power can be minimized or reduced.

In particular, the detector may be an infrared-based system, for example, an infrared detector may be installed in the parking lot and detect thermal radiation of the approaching vehicle, whereupon the energy transfer is activated. Due to the different IR radiation of vehicle and living beings, it is possible to distinguish whether an approaching object is a vehicle or, for example, a human being.

Alternatively, the infrared detector may be mounted on the vehicle side and, for example, detect the inevitable heating of the transmitting coil or a specially built "heat loop". The vehicle can then be aligned on the basis of this "hotspot". The infrared detector can be designed as an infrared-sensitive camera, and is provided in particular on the vehicle floor. Other, non-imaging infrared detectors may also be provided, which are preferably arranged distributed in order to deliver a two-dimensional direction information in a position control of the vehicle.

An advantage of infrared-based detection may be the low soil sensitivity of such a system.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the detector further comprises an RFID sensor.

In particular, by providing an RFID chip, a code of the chip can be read and evaluated, so that an identification or registration can take place, and so that the energy transfer is activated only if it matches a previously performed identification or application.

The use of the RFID chip represents a cost-effective and space-saving solution. Such systems are widely used and are available in different range versions, for example in ranges of a few centimeters to the meter range.

A combination of the various detector systems is conceivable, for example, the camera system can observe the space in front of the vehicle and recognize a symbol that points to the charging station. Thus, the driver can be given a first aid to the orientation of the vehicle. In addition, other sensors, such as magnetic sensors, take over the additional assistance function.

It should be noted that embodiments of the invention have been described with reference to different subject matters. In particular, some embodiments of the invention are described with apparatus claims and other embodiments of the invention with method claims. However, it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading this application that, unless explicitly stated otherwise, in addition to a combination of features belonging to a type of subject matter, any combination of features that may result in different types of features is also possible Subject matters belong.

Further advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following exemplary description of presently preferred embodiments. The individual figures of the drawing of this application are merely to be regarded as schematic and not to scale.

1 shows a schematic representation of a motor vehicle in the activation of a charging process

2 shows a schematic representation of an inductive energy transfer

3 shows a plan view of a vehicle during the parking process

It should be noted that features of different embodiments, which are the same or at least functionally identical to the corresponding features or components of the embodiment, are provided with the same reference numerals or with other reference numerals, which are only in their first digit of the reference number of a (functionally) corresponding feature or a (functional) corresponding component. In order to avoid unnecessary repetitions, features or components already explained on the basis of a previously described embodiment will not be explained in detail later.

It should also be noted that the embodiments described below represent only a limited selection of possible embodiments of the invention. In particular, it is possible to suitably combine the features of individual embodiments with one another, so that a multiplicity of different embodiments are to be regarded as obviously disclosed to the person skilled in the art with the embodiment variants explicitly illustrated here.

1 shows a schematic representation of a motor vehicle 100 with an electrical energy storage 101 when activating a charging process.

The car 100 sends by means of a transmitter 114 a near field communication signal to a detector 115 so that the detector 115 recognizes when the motor vehicle 100 has taken a suitable parking position, that is, is oriented so that energy from a bottom-side power supply device 102 to a vehicle-side power receiving device 103 can be transmitted with a predetermined minimum efficiency. Is the vehicle located 100 in the appropriate parking position, an activation signal from the detector 115 to an activation unit 105 sent, reducing the energy transfer from energy supply device 102 to energy intake device 103 is activated.

2 shows a schematic representation of an inductive energy transfer. In this case, a transmission coil 203 (Energy supply device) is flowed through with electricity, so that a magnetic field is generated. Relative to the transmitting coil 203 is a receiver coil 204 (Energy absorption device) arranged so that a part 208 of the magnetic field through the receiver coil 204 runs where there is a current flow in the receiver coil 204 generated. One speaks of inductive energy transfer. A part 207 The magnetic field is so scattered that it does not pass through the receiver coil. The efficiency of the energy transfer is greater, the larger the part 208 of the magnetic field passing through the receiver coil 204 runs in proportion to the part 207 of the magnetic field which does not pass through the receiver coil. The efficiency of energy transfer is highly dependent on the relative orientation of the two coils to each other. For optimal alignment of the two coils to each other should be as large a part 208 of the magnetic field passing through the receiver coil, the scattered part 207 The magnetic field should be as small as possible. A sensor 209 which, for example, at the bottom of the vehicle 100 attached, measures the strength of the magnetic field.

3 shows a plan view of a vehicle 100 during a parking operation. A bottom energy supply device whose horizontal position by means of the circle 311 is indicated provides a magnetic field. The aim of the parking process is to drive the vehicle 100 align so that a vehicle-side energy absorption device whose horizontal position by means of the circle 310 is indicated, is positioned as accurately as possible on the energy supply device, so that the efficiency of the energy transfer between the energy supply device and energy intake device is as high as possible. To achieve this goal, magnetic sensors measure 209 a strength of the magnetic field at their respective position. In the box 313 are some examples of the various sensors 209 shown, each expressed as a percentage of the maximum magnetic field strength.

The closer one of the sensors is to the magnetic field, the higher the amount of measured magnetic field strength. The position of the vehicle relative to the energy supply device can be determined from the measured values of the spaced-apart sensors. The box 312 shows how a visualization of the measurement results for a driver can look like. For example, the visualization for the driver by means of a display in the vehicle interior of the motor vehicle 100 occur. The circle 313 shows the current position of the motor vehicle 100 relative to a circle 314 indicating the optimum parking position over the energy providing device. For an optimal parking position for charging the energy storage of the motor vehicle, the driver can optimally align the vehicle based on this visualization, so that the horizontal positions of the two circles 313 and 314 as close as possible. An automatic alignment by means of a parking assistance system is possible.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

100

motor vehicle

101

energy storage

102

Energy supply equipment

103

Energy absorber

105

activation unit

114

transmitter

115

detector

203

transmitting coil

204

receiver coil

207

Part of the magnetic field

208

Part of the magnetic field

209

Detector / Magnetic Sensor

310

Location of the energy absorber

311

Location of the energy supply facility

312

visualization view

313

magnetic field strengths

Claims (10)

Device for the contactless activation of a charging process of an electrical energy store ( 101 ) of a motor vehicle ( 100 ), the device comprising: a detector ( 115 . 209 ) which is arranged to (a) recognize in a contactless manner whether the motor vehicle ( 100 ) within a given spatial loading area relative to an energy providing device ( 102 ) in which the energy supply device ( 102 ) and an energy intake device ( 103 ) of the motor vehicle ( 100 ) are arranged relative to one another such that a power transmission from the energy supply device ( 102 ) to the energy absorber ( 103 ) is possible with a predetermined minimum efficiency, and (b) to output an activation signal when the motor vehicle ( 100 ) is located in the predetermined spatial loading area, and an activation unit ( 105 ), which the detector ( 115 . 209 ) and which is arranged, in response to receipt of the activation signal, a power transmission from the energy supply device ( 102 ) to the energy absorber ( 103 ) to activate. Apparatus according to the preceding claim, wherein the energy transfer is a non-contact energy transfer. Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the non-contact energy transfer is an inductive energy transfer. Device according to one of the preceding claims 2 to 3, wherein the detector ( 115 . 209 ) has a magnetic sensor. Device according to the preceding claim, wherein the energy supply device ( 102 ) Provides energy at a first power when the motor vehicle ( 100 ) within the predetermined spatial loading area, and wherein the energy supply device ( 102 ) Provides energy at a second power when the motor vehicle ( 100 ) is within a predetermined spatial detection range, - wherein the predetermined spatial detection area is located around the predetermined spatial loading area, and - wherein the first power is greater than the second power. The device according to the preceding claim, further comprising at least two further magnetic sensors ( 209 ), which are arranged to recognize in a contactless manner, at which position within the spatial detection area or the spatial loading area, the motor vehicle ( 100 ) is located. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the detector ( 115 . 209 ) has an optical sensor. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the detector ( 115 . 209 ) has an RFID sensor. Charging station for charging an electrical energy store ( 101 ) having motor vehicle ( 100 ), the charging station comprising: the device according to one of the preceding claims, and the energy supply device ( 102 ) to which the predetermined spatial loading area is assigned. Method for contactless activation of a charging process of an electrical energy store ( 101 ) of a motor vehicle ( 100 ), the method comprising: (a) contactless detection of whether the motor vehicle ( 100 ) within a given spatial loading area relative to an energy providing device ( 102 ) in which the energy supply device ( 102 ) and an energy intake device ( 103 ) of the motor vehicle ( 100 ) are arranged relative to one another such that a power transmission from the energy supply device ( 102 ) to the energy absorber ( 103 ) is possible with a predetermined minimum efficiency, (b) outputting an activation signal when the motor vehicle ( 100 ) is located in the predetermined spatial loading area, and (c) activating the energy transfer from the energy supply device ( 102 ) to the energy absorber ( 103 ) in response to receipt of the activation signal.

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