DE102013211761B4 - Rolling bearings for connection to an axle stub, as well as axle stub and a slewing ring - Google Patents

Abstract

Rolling bearing (30) for connection to an axle stub (32), with
an inner ring (34),
an outer ring (36) and
at least one rolling element (38) which is guided between the inner ring (34) and the outer ring (36),
wherein the inner ring (34) has a cylindrical region (42) and a conical region (44) on its inner circumference (40), a largest diameter (64) of the conical region (44) on an outer edge (48) of the rolling bearing (30 ) is arranged,
the inner ring (34) being divided into a first part (54) and a second part (56),
the inner ring (34) being divided at a point at which the conical region (44) of the inner circumference (40) adjoins the cylindrical region (42) of the inner circumference (40).

Description

Embodiments relate to a rolling bearing for connection to an axle stub, and a rotary connection for an axle according to the independent claims.

Rolling bearings are used, for example, to rotatably support a wheel on a rigid axle. Usually, the rigid axle has an axle stub at its ends, which mainly consists of steel or cast iron. Cast iron has a lower strength than steel, but is still popular because it allows a more variable shape of the stub axle, or cast iron is more variable in shape than steel. For example, the DE 10 2007 053 693 A1 a double row tapered roller bearing, for example for a wheel bearing, which has two inner rings. One of the two inner rings has a cylindrical section and a conical widening.

Other conventional solutions suggest inserting the cast axle stub into an interior of the rigid axle. An inner ring of a bearing rotates, which sits on the cast axle stub. This in turn exposes the support sleeve to a circular bend.

The increased strength of the cast axle stub or the rotary connection or the wheel bearing should be able to be achieved in spite of the limited space or with the smallest possible space requirement in the bearing.

There is therefore a need to improve such a rotary connection, for example for a wheel bearing, so that it can withstand higher loads and at the same time takes up as little installation space as possible.

A roller bearing and a slewing ring meet this need according to the independent claims.

Some embodiments relate to a roller bearing for connection to an axle stub. The rolling bearing has an inner ring, an outer ring and at least one rolling element which is guided between the inner ring and the outer ring. The inner ring has a cylindrical region and a conical region on its inner circumference. Furthermore, a largest diameter of the conical area is arranged on an outer edge of the rolling bearing.

By forming the inner ring with a cylindrical region and a conical region, the roller bearing can be connected to an axle stub which likewise has at least one cylindrical region and possibly a conical region. According to some exemplary embodiments, the largest diameter of the conical region of the inner ring is arranged on an outer edge of the roller bearing, which lies opposite an outer side of the stub shaft, on which, for example, a rotating part, for example a wheel, is arranged in the axial direction. This can be, for example, the area of the axle stub where the greatest forces occur. Because the stub axle can have a larger diameter in the area of an outer edge of the rolling bearing, for example the area of the outer edge of the rolling bearing, which faces a central area of the axis in the axial direction, the stub axle can have a higher strength in this area and can possibly have a higher section modulus or receive a larger effective diameter.

The inner circumference of the inner ring is a surface of the inner ring that faces the stub axle to which the rolling bearing is connected. For this purpose, a cylindrical component, for example the inner ring or a bore made in the inner ring, can have the same diameter in the entire cylindrical region. The inner ring can be a symmetrical component, for example, which can be rotationally symmetrical to an axis of rotation. This can make it possible, for example, for an inner circumference or the bore of the inner ring to be formed symmetrically to the axis of rotation.

A component with a conical area, for example the inner ring, can have a smaller diameter at one end of the area than at an opposite end of the area. For example, all the diameters or circumferential lines in between can lie on a straight line that extends between the smallest diameter and the largest diameter. For example, the conical area has the shape of a cone. In the conical area, an inner circumference of the inner ring or a circumferential diameter of the bore can increase, for example continuously increase. An inner circumference of the inner ring can extend from an cylinder parallel to an axis of rotation of the rolling bearing by an angle in a range from 0 ° to 45 °, 0.5 ° to 30 °, 1 ° to 25 °, 2 ° to 15 °, deviate.

Any type of rolling bearing, for example ball bearings, tapered bearings and / or roller bearings in a one-row or two-row design, can be used as the rolling bearing. All components of the bearing, such as running surfaces on the inner ring and / or the outer ring, the rolling elements and / or the outer ring itself, can be designed in this way be that in combination with the described shape of the inner ring, a functional storage can be made possible. For example, a tread on the inner ring is formed essentially parallel to the inner circumference of the inner ring or the bore made in the inner ring. For example, it can be made possible for the inner ring to have an essentially identical thickness over its entire axial extent. For example, a similar behavior of the inner ring can be achieved over its entire extent when the temperature changes.

Alternatively, the running surface of the inner ring can also be arranged independently or not parallel to an inner circumference of the inner ring. This can make it possible, if necessary, for the bearing geometry not to be impaired despite the presence of the conical region on an inner circumference of the inner ring.

In some further exemplary embodiments, the inner ring is divided into a first part and a second part. For example, the inner ring is divided at the point or area at which the conical area of the inner circumference meets or adjoins the cylindrical area of the inner circumference. This may make it possible for the inner ring to be easily manufactured. Because the inner ring is divided, it can be used for multi-row rollers or tapered roller bearings, for example. In other words, the inner ring can comprise two separate, not interconnected components.

In some further exemplary embodiments, the first part of the inner ring has the conical region. The second part of the inner ring has the cylindrical region. For example, simple manufacture of the inner ring can be made possible. Alternatively, for example, a first part of the inner ring can also have the conical region and at least part of the cylindrical region. Furthermore, a second part of the inner ring can optionally also have the cylindrical region and at least possibly a part of the conical region.

In some further exemplary embodiments, the outer ring has a conical region. In other words, the outer ring can also have a widening in order to also use this measure to further increase the section modulus of a support sleeve or the stub axle made of cast iron. It may be possible that the rolling element can be arranged over a larger radius. For example, an axle stub on which the roller bearing is mounted can have a larger diameter (at least in the area of the widening). For example, the outer ring can be forged. An area with a largest diameter of the outer ring can, for example, be arranged concentrically with an area with a largest diameter of the inner ring. For example, a part of the roller bearing is arranged tilted or pivoted substantially parallel to the conical region of the inner ring. For example, this part can be the rolling elements and / or that region of the outer ring which is arranged in the radial direction above the conical region. For example, the rolling bearing is arranged or tilted in this area in such a way that if the running surface of the inner ring is arranged essentially parallel to an inner circumference of the inner ring, a functioning bearing geometry results.

Further exemplary embodiments relate to an axle stub for connection to a rolling bearing according to one of the preceding exemplary embodiments. The stub axle has a conical area and a cylindrical area on its outer circumference. The conical area can connect to the cylindrical area with its smallest diameter. The cylindrical region can, for example, essentially have a diameter which corresponds to the smallest diameter of the conical region. A largest diameter of the conical region can, for example, be arranged opposite to an end of the axle stub, which is, for example, on an outside of an axle. This can make it possible, for example, for the cast axis stub to be in an area in which it is e.g. experiences the highest load from a mounted roller bearing, has the largest diameter and can therefore withstand or absorb a larger torque at this point and is possibly more stable. In other words, the conical bore in combination with the widened outer ring can, for example, increase an effective diameter of the axle stub or a stub diameter. Furthermore, by the fact that the outer ring rotates, the occurrence of a circumferential bend on the stub axle can be reduced or avoided, if necessary.

In some further exemplary embodiments, the stub axle has a stop for the inner ring of the rolling bearing. This stop can serve, for example, as a stop for the inner ring of the rolling bearing in the axial direction. This may make it possible to position the rolling bearing in an axial direction. The stop can be arranged such that it serves as a stop for the rolling bearing in the direction of a central region in the axial direction of the axis. In other words, the stop can limit a movement of a roller bearing that is pushed onto the stub shaft from an outer end of the stub shaft. The outer end of the stub axle can be the end that is not connected to that of the stub axle.

In some further exemplary embodiments, a transition between the conical region and the stop has at least one radius. In this way, critical stresses, which may arise, for example, from a difference in diameter between the stop and the conical region, can be reduced. In other words, the radius is, for example, bionic, ie with different monotonically growing radii. If necessary, a critical jump in stiffness can be compensated for, avoided or reduced by the tension-optimized radius.

In some further exemplary embodiments, the stub shaft comprises cast material or the stub shaft is made of cast iron. In this way, a component with a comparatively complex shape can be produced in a simple manner.

Some exemplary embodiments relate to a rotary connection for an axle, for example a wheel bearing which comprises a roller bearing according to one of the preceding claims and an axle stub according to one of the preceding exemplary embodiments. In this way, a stable slewing ring can be realized, if necessary with little space requirement.

For example, the roller bearing is arranged on the axle stub in such a way that a conical region of the inner ring of the roller bearing is arranged at least substantially in the radial direction over a conical region of the axle stub. For example, a cylindrical region of the inner ring can be arranged substantially in the radial direction above the cylindrical region of the stub axle. This may make it possible for the axle stub to have a larger diameter in areas subject to higher loads.

In some further exemplary embodiments, an outer diameter of the conical region of the axle stub and an inner diameter of the conical region of the inner ring are formed in such a way that the rolling bearing and the axle stub have a clearance fit with one another, for example a sliding fit, in a radial direction. For example, the roller bearing and the stub axle can be assembled by hand. Furthermore, it can optionally be prevented that the conical bore or the conical region in the inner ring is widened in comparison to a tighter fit. For example, it can also be prevented that the conical bore sticks to a diameter of the conical region of the axle stub and cannot be pushed open far enough in the axial direction or that mobility in the axial direction is restricted. This could be important, for example, if temperature changes occur. In other words, the roller bearing or the inner ring and the stub shaft can have a sliding fit or a clearance fit to one another, for example to avoid widening of the conical inner ring or the conical region, which leads to a loss or an unwanted change in a preload of the camp.

In some further exemplary embodiments, the inner ring of the roller bearing bears against the stop of the cast axle stub. For example, the inner ring can be braced in the axial direction on the cast axle stub.

The exemplary embodiments and their features disclosed in the above description, the subsequent claims and the attached figures can be of importance and implemented both individually and in any combination for the implementation of an exemplary embodiment in its various configurations.

• 1a eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Achse mit einer Radlagerung eines konventionellen Ausführungsbeispiels;
• 1b eine geschnittene Darstellung des Radlagers der Achse gemäß 1a;
• 2 eine geschnittene Darstellung einer Drehverbindung mit einem Wälzlager und einem Achsstummel gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel.

Further refinements are described in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings, to which exemplary embodiments are not limited, however. Show it:

• 1a a perspective view of an axle with a wheel bearing of a conventional embodiment;
• 1b a sectional view of the wheel bearing according to the axis 1a ;
• 2nd a sectional view of a rotary connection with a roller bearing and an axle stub according to an embodiment.

In the following description of the attached illustrations, the same reference symbols designate the same or comparable components. Furthermore, summarizing reference numerals are used for components and objects which occur several times in an exemplary embodiment or in a representation, but which are described together with regard to one or more features. Components or objects that are described with the same or summarizing reference numerals can be designed in the same way with respect to individual, several or all features, for example their dimensions, but possibly also different, unless the description does not explicitly state otherwise.

1a shows a perspective view of an axis of a conventional embodiment. 1b shows a cut enlarged Representation of the wheel bearing unit according to the conventional embodiment.

As in 1 shown includes an axis 10th according to a conventional embodiment, a wheel bearing unit 12th . The axis 10th can on one of the wheel bearing unit 12th opposite end 13 the axis 10th have a further wheel bearing unit, not shown.

The wheel bearing unit 12th includes a slewing ring between a cast axle stub or axle stub 14 that in a hollow axle 20th is inserted. The stub axle 14 includes a flange connection 16 to which a wheel, not shown, can be attached. About a roller bearing 18th is the Gussachsstub 14 with the hollow axis 20th connected. An outer ring 22 of the rolling bearing 18th is in an inner hole 24th the axis 20th used and non-rotatable with the axis 20th connected. An inner ring 26 of the rolling bearing 18th is non-rotatable with the cast axle stub 14 connected. If the flange connection 16 or an attached wheel, not shown, turns, the inner ring 26 turned. In other words, in the conventional exemplary embodiment, for example, a larger effective diameter, for example the stub diameter, can be achieved in order to increase the section modulus if necessary. Since, due to the radial space required for this purpose, limits can be set, for example, in a radial expansion of the stub diameter, a rotating inner ring with a support sleeve as a hollow shaft is therefore used in the conventional exemplary embodiment 20th used. The support sleeve can then optionally be subjected to a circular bend.

2nd shows a sectional view of a rotary connection with a roller bearing and an axle stub according to an embodiment.

Embodiments relate to a rolling bearing 30th for connection to an axle stub 32 . The roller bearing 30th includes an inner ring 34 and an outer ring 36 . At least one rolling element 38 is between the inner ring 34 and the outer ring 38 guided. The inner ring 34 points on its inner circumference 40 a cylindrical area 42 and a conical area 44 on. A largest diameter 46 of the conical area 44 is on an outer edge 48 of the rolling bearing 30th arranged. The largest diameter 46 is larger than the diameter in other areas of the axle stub 32 located in an area where the rolling bearing is in an assembled state 30th is arranged. The stub axle can have other smaller and / or larger diameters in areas where no rolling bearing is mounted.

The embodiment of the 2nd relates to a wheel bearing unit for a cast axle stub with an integrated handlebar. The stub axle 32 includes an axis end 33 or a cast axis end pointing in the direction of an axis, not shown here. The axle stub also includes 32 as a cast material. In further exemplary embodiments, not shown, the axle stub can 32 any other materials, such as steel, plastic, etc. In the embodiment of the 2nd is the rolling bearing 30th a double row tapered roller bearing. In further exemplary embodiments, not shown, the bearing can be any type of bearing, for example ball bearings, roller bearings, tapered roller bearings, in one, two or more rows. In the embodiment of the 2nd shows the double row rolling bearing 30th a plurality of rolling elements, not shown, for example a second rolling element shown 50 on. The rolling elements 38 and 50 are each in a box 52 held.

The inner ring 34 is divided. A first part 54 the inner ring has the conical area 44 on. A second part 56 of the inner ring has the cylindrical region 42 on. An inner ring tread 58 for the rolling element 38 is essentially parallel to the conical area 44 arranged.

In alternative embodiments, not shown, the tread 58 also in any way to the conical area 44 be oriented. The first part 54 of the inner ring 34 ends in the embodiment of the 2nd in front of the cheese 52 that the rolling element 38 holds in the radial direction over the conical area 44 lies. In further exemplary embodiments, not shown, the first part of the inner ring can also comprise a part of the cylindrical region of the inner ring. Alternatively or additionally, the second part of the inner ring can also comprise a part of the conical region of the inner ring.

An inner ring tread 60 for the rolling element 50 is on the second part 56 arranged of the inner ring. Here is the tread 60 designed or arranged so that they are in combination with the tread 58 and the shape and size of the rolling element 50 leads to a functioning bearing geometry. The outer ring 36 forms an outer ring running surface 62 for the rolling element 50 from, which lies in the radial direction over the cylindrical region of the inner ring. The outer ring 36 also forms an outer ring running surface 64 for the rolling element 38 from the radial direction over the conical area of the inner ring 34 lies. The outer ring tread 64 or the outer ring 36 is in the area of the rolling element 38 essentially parallel to the inner ring 34 or the first part 54 or the conical area 44 educated. The roller bearing 30th is on his the outer edge 48 facing area thus tilted or widened outwards. In other words, the rolling bearing has 30th in a region which faces a central region of the axis, a greater extent in a radial direction or a larger diameter than in the other regions.

The stub axle 32 has a cylindrical area 66 on. The cylindrical area 66 goes at a transition point 67 in the conical area 68 about. The transition point 67 lies in the embodiment of 2nd in the area of the conical area 44 of the inner ring 34 . In alternative exemplary embodiments that are not shown, the transition point can 67 lie on the area of the axle stub on which, in an assembled state, the first part 54 of the inner ring 34 to the second part 56 the inner ring 34 bumps.

The stub axle 32 indicates a stop 70 on. A largest diameter 46 of the conical area 68 of the stub axle 32 is in the area of the attack 70 or in the area where an outer edge is in an assembled state 48 of the rolling bearing 30th lies. A transition 72 between the stop 70 and the conical area 68 is designed as a radius. In the embodiment of the 2nd the transition is designed as a bionic radius with different growing radii. For example, a critical jump in stiffness can be compensated for using the stress-optimized radius.

On the outer ring 32 is a flange 78 molded. The flange 78 is used to attach a saddle 80 . Furthermore, the stub axle 32 a handlebar, as with the reference number 77 hinted at. The stub axle 32 has recesses, for example to enable a lighter design of the cast axle stub and / or to save material 74 and 76 on.

For example, the roller bearing can be used for assembly 30th or the inner ring 34 on the stub axle 32 be pushed until it stops 70 . The inner ring 34 points in its conical area 44 an inner circumference with a diameter that is formed so that it with the outer circumference in the conical region 68 of the stub axle 32 has a radial play. This allows the inner ring 34 or the conical area 44 , for example by hand on the stub axle 32 be pushed. The cylindrical area can be analogous 42 of the inner ring 34 on the stub axle 32 be pushed. or the entire rolling bearing 30th . Via a tension ring 82 becomes the inner ring 34 against the attack 70 clamped in the axial direction.

In the exemplary embodiment, the stub axle 32 in the area of an outer edge 48 of the rolling bearing 30th , for example the area of the outer edge of the rolling bearing 30th , which in a mounting situation faces a central area of the axis in the axial direction, has a larger diameter 46 on. At this point the largest diameter 46 can in the embodiment of 2nd possibly the highest loads occur. Due to the larger diameter of the axle stub compared to other areas of the axle stub 32 , receives the stub axle 32 higher strength in this area, can have a higher section modulus or receive a larger effective diameter.

The exemplary embodiments disclosed in the above description, the subsequent claims and the attached figures and their features can be of importance and implemented both individually and in any combination for the implementation of an exemplary embodiment in its various configurations.

A rolling bearing or a rotary connection according to the exemplary embodiments described can be used in a large number of applications: for example trucks, motor vehicles and / or stationary machines.

Reference list

10th

axis

12th

Wheel bearing unit

13

The End

14

Cast iron stub

16

Flange connection

18th

roller bearing

20th

Hollow axle

22

Outer ring

24th

Inner bore

26

Inner ring

30th

roller bearing

32

Stub axle

33

Axis end

34

Inner ring

36

Outer ring

38

Rolling elements

40

Inner circumference

42

cylindrical area

44

conical area

46

largest diameter

48

Outer edge

50

second rolling element

52

Cage

54

first part

56

second part

58

Inner ring tread

60

Inner ring tread

62

Outer race surface

64

Outer race surface

66

cylindrical area

67

Transition point

68

conical area

70

attack

72

crossing

74

Recess

76

Recess

78

flange

80

saddle

72

Tension ring

Claims (7)

Rolling bearing (30) for connection to an axle stub (32), with an inner ring (34), an outer ring (36) and at least one rolling element (38) which is guided between the inner ring (34) and the outer ring (36), wherein the inner ring (34) has a cylindrical region (42) and a conical region (44) on its inner circumference (40), a largest diameter (64) of the conical region (44) on an outer edge (48) of the rolling bearing (30 ) is arranged, the inner ring (34) being divided into a first part (54) and a second part (56), the inner ring (34) being divided at a point at which the conical region (44) of the inner circumference (40) adjoins the cylindrical region (42) of the inner circumference (40). Rolling bearing after Claim 1 , wherein the outer ring (36) has a conical region. Rotary connection for an axle, for example a wheel bearing, comprising a roller bearing (30) according to one of Claims 1 or 2 and an axle stub (32) for connection to the roller bearing (30), the axle stub (32) having a conical region on its outer circumference ( 68) and has a cylindrical region (66). Slewing ring after Claim 3 , wherein the stub axle (32) has a stop (70) for the inner ring (34) of the rolling bearing (30). Slewing ring after Claim 4 , wherein a transition (72) between the conical region and the stop (70) has at least one radius. Rotary connection according to one of claims 3 to 5, wherein an outer diameter of the conical region (68) of the stub axle (32) and an inner diameter of the conical region (44) of the inner ring (34) are formed such that the rolling bearing (30) and the stub axle (32) have a radial play to each other. Rotary connection according to one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the inner ring of the rolling bearing bears against the stop (70) of the stub axle (32).

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