DE102013211580A1 - Method for joining two-dimensional regions of thermoplastic fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) structure with metallic structure, involves cooling connection region of structures before removal of punch and converter-mandrel - Google Patents

Method for joining two-dimensional regions of thermoplastic fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) structure with metallic structure, involves cooling connection region of structures before removal of punch and converter-mandrel Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102013211580A1
DE102013211580A1 DE201310211580 DE102013211580A DE102013211580A1 DE 102013211580 A1 DE102013211580 A1 DE 102013211580A1 DE 201310211580 DE201310211580 DE 201310211580 DE 102013211580 A DE102013211580 A DE 102013211580A DE 102013211580 A1 DE102013211580 A1 DE 102013211580A1
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Prior art keywords
mandrel
joining
frp
metallic
hole
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DE201310211580
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German (de)
Inventor
Robert Kupfer
Maik Gude
Adam Frank
Werner Hufenbach
Gerson Meschut
Dominik Teutenberg
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Technische Universitaet Dresden
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Technische Universitaet Dresden
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/64—Joining a non-plastics element to a plastics element, e.g. by force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/606—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking
    • B29C65/607—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking the integral rivets being hollow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/349—Cooling the welding zone on the welding spot
    • B29C66/3494—Cooling the welding zone on the welding spot while keeping the welding zone under pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/45—Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81415—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled
    • B29C66/81417—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being bevelled being V-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81427—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81431—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B29C66/83221—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis cooperating reciprocating tools, each tool reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/84—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks by moulding material on preformed parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/10—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools

Abstract

The method involves positioning a metallic structure (2) and a FRP structure (1) relative to each other in a desired position. The FRP structure is heated, and a converter-mandrel is introduced through a through-hole (21) into a connection region of the FRP and metallic structures. An undercut is formed by the application of the FRP structure through the through-hole into the metallic structure by a punch. The connection region of the FRP and metallic structures is cooled before the removal of the punch and the converter-mandrel.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verbinden von flächigen oder profilartigen Strukturen aus thermoplastischen Faser-Kunststoff-Verbund mit metallischen Strukturen.The invention relates to a method for joining flat or profile-like structures of thermoplastic fiber-plastic composite with metallic structures.

Derartige Verbindungen finden in Mischbauweisen, wie sie im Fahrzeugbau anzutreffen sind, häufig Anwendung. Such compounds are often used in mixed constructions, such as those found in vehicle construction.

Zum Fügen klassischer endlosfaserverstärkter duroplastischer Verbundstrukturen mit werkstoffgleichen oder fremden Bauteilen haben sich Kleb-, Bolzen-, Niet- und Schlaufenverbindungen etabliert. Wie in dem Abschlussbericht des BMBF-Projekts aus dem Jahre 2003 „FügeKunst-Fügen von faserverstärkten Kunststoffen im strukturellen Leichtbau“ beschrieben, zeichnet sich das Kleben durch vielfältige Verbindungsmöglichkeiten für unterschiedliche Materialkombinationen aus, erfordert jedoch eine nachteilige Oberflächenvorbehandlung der Fügeteile. Adhesive, bolt, rivet and loop connections have become established for joining classic continuous fiber-reinforced thermoset composite structures with material-like or foreign components. As described in the 2003 BMBF Final Report "JoiningArt Joining of Fiber-Reinforced Plastics in Structural Lightweight Construction", bonding is characterized by a variety of connectivity options for different material combinations, but requires disadvantageous surface pretreatment of the parts to be joined.

Bolzen- und Nietverbindungen sind aufgrund der hohen Setzgeschwindigkeit und guter Reproduzierbarkeit eine der am häufigsten eingesetzten Fügetechnologien für Faserverbundstrukturen in der Luftfahrt. Nachteilig ist die lokale Schwächung der Faserverbundstruktur aufgrund der spanenden Fertigung. Zudem treten beim Bohren faserverstärkter Kunststoffe spezifische Probleme wie lokale Delaminationen und hoher Werkzeugverschleiß auf. Darüber hinaus erhöhen die erforderlichen Fügeelemente das Gewicht der Verbindung und verursachen zusätzliche Kosten. Die genannten Verfahren werden in folgenden Dokumenten näher erläutert: „Handbuch Kunststoff-Verbindungstechnik“ (von G. Ehrenstein, erschienen im Hanser-Verlag 2004 ), Artikel „Cutting Edge rounding: An innovative tool wear criterion in Drilling CFRP composite laminates“ (von A. Faraz, D. Biermann, K. Weinert im International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 49 (2009) 15, S. 1185–1196) , Artikel „Temperature Load during Drilling“ erschienen in Kunststoffe International 12 (2006), S. 72–77 , und Artikel „Mechanics of mechanically fastened joints in polymer-matrix composite structures – A review“ (von S. D. Thoppul, J. Finnegan, R.F. Gibson erschienen in Composite Science and Technology 69 (2009) 3–4, S. 301–329 . Bolt and rivet joints are one of the most widely used joining technologies for fiber composite structures in aviation due to their high settling speed and good reproducibility. A disadvantage is the local weakening of the fiber composite structure due to machining. In addition, specific problems such as local delamination and high tool wear occur when drilling fiber-reinforced plastics. In addition, the required joining elements increase the weight of the connection and cause additional costs. The mentioned methods are explained in more detail in the following documents: "Handbuch Kunststoff-Verbindungstechnik" (by G. Ehrenstein, published by Hanser-Verlag 2004 ), Items "Cutting Edge Rounding: An Innovative Tool Wear Criterion in Triple CFRP Composite Laminates" (by A. Faraz, D. Biermann, K. Weinert in the International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 49 (2009) 15, pp. 1185-1196) , Items "Temperature Load during Drilling" appeared in Kunststoffe international 12 (2006), pp. 72-77 , and articles "Mechanics of mechanized fastened joints in polymer-matrix composite structures - A review" (by SD Thoppul, J. Finnegan, RF Gibson published in Composite Science and Technology 69 (2009) 3-4, pp. 301-329 ,

In der DE 101 43 155 A1 wird ein Verfahren zur Verbindung eines Faserverbund-Kunststoff-Bauteils mit einem eine Bohrung aufweisenden Gegenbauteil beschrieben. Durch einen Stempel wird das Faserverbund-Kunststoff Material durch die Bohrung gedrückt und mittels eines Gegenstempels ein Formkopf gebildet. Bevorzugt rotiert der Gegenstempel, wodurch zum einen ein Wärmeeintrag gewährleistet wird und zum anderen die Fasern um die Bohrung gelegt werden. Nachteilig ist die geringe mechanische Stabilität aufgrund der Steifheit des Formkopfes in Verbindung mit der Schwächung der FKV-Struktur durch eine Verletzung der Faserverstärkung.In the DE 101 43 155 A1 a method for connecting a fiber composite plastic component with a bore having counter component is described. By a stamp, the fiber composite plastic material is pressed through the hole and formed by means of a counter punch a forming head. Preferably, the counter punch rotates, whereby on the one hand a heat input is ensured and on the other hand, the fibers are placed around the hole. A disadvantage is the low mechanical stability due to the stiffness of the forming head in conjunction with the weakening of the FKV structure by a violation of the fiber reinforcement.

Aufgabenstellung der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Verbindung von Bauteilen aus thermoplastischen Faser-Kunststoff-Verbundwerkstoff mit metallischen Bauteilen vorzuschlagen, dass eine hohe mechanische Qualität der Verbindung gewährleistet und zudem zur Integration in automatisierte Prozessketten geeignet ist.The object of the present invention is to propose a method for connecting components made of thermoplastic fiber-plastic composite material with metallic components, which ensures a high mechanical quality of the connection and is also suitable for integration into automated process chains.

Die Aufgabenstellung wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren mit den in Anspruch 1 aufgeführten Verfahrensschritten. Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen des Verfahrens sind Gegenstand von Unteransprüchen.The problem is solved by a method with the method steps listed in claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the method are the subject of dependent claims.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Verbinden von flächigen Bereichen einer Faserverbundkunststoffstruktur (FKV-Struktur) mit einer thermoplastischen Matrix und einer metallischen Struktur wird nachfolgend erläutert. Die metallische Struktur hat im Verbindungsbereich ein Loch. Dieses kann eine beliebige Querschnittsform haben, wobei ein runder Querschnitt bevorzugt ist. Die beiden zu verbindenden Bauteile müssen im Verbindungsbereich einen Bereich aufweisen, in dem beide Bauteile aneinander anliegen. Bevorzugt ist dieser Bereich eben, kann aber auch gewölbt ausgeführt sein. In einem ersten Schritt a) werden metallische Struktur und FKV-Struktur relativ zueinander in der gewünschten Position positioniert. Anschließend wird im Schritt b) die FKV-Struktur im Verbindungsbereich aufgeheizt, um eine plastische Verformbarkeit der thermoplastischen Matrix zu erreichen. Hierfür sind jegliche bekannte Methoden zur Erwärmung geeignet, so z. B. Wärmestrahlung, Heißluft oder auch eine Kontaktheizung.Anschließend erfolgt in einem Schritt c) das Einführen eines Umformdornes in die FKV-Struktur im Bereich des Loches der metallischen Struktur und durch dieses hindurch, so dass eine Verdrängung des Faserverbundkunststoffes erfolgt. Bevorzugt ist der Umformdorn hierzu spitz ausgeführt, wodurch das FKV-Material verdrängt wird. Dadurch kann vorteilhaft eine sehr hohe Festigkeit der Verbindung gewährleistet werden. Bevorzugt hat der Umformdorn einen Auflagebereich, der im eingeführten Zustand des Dornes an der FKV-Struktur flächig anliegt. Durch das Anlegen des durch das Loch hindurch verdrängten FKV-Materials an die metallische Struktur mittels eines Stempels wird in einem Schritt d) ein Hinterschnitt ausgebildet. Somit umgreift das FKV-Material den gesamten Bereich des Loches in der metallischen Struktur. Der Stempel weist dabei eine Form auf, die mit dem Umformdorn korrespondiert. So zentrieren sich Dorn und Stempel im Verbindungsbereich. The method according to the invention for joining areal areas of a fiber composite plastic structure (FKV structure) with a thermoplastic matrix and a metallic structure is explained below. The metallic structure has a hole in the connection area. This may have any cross-sectional shape, with a round cross-section being preferred. The two components to be connected must have a region in the connection region in which both components abut each other. Preferably, this area is flat, but can also be curved. In a first step a) metallic structure and FKV structure are positioned relative to each other in the desired position. Subsequently, in step b), the FRP structure is heated in the connection region in order to achieve a plastic deformability of the thermoplastic matrix. For this purpose, any known methods for heating are suitable, such. B. heat radiation, hot air or a Kontaktheizung.Anschließend in a step c) the insertion of a forming mandrel in the FKV structure in the region of the hole of the metallic structure and therethrough, so that a displacement of the fiber composite plastic takes place. Preferably, the forming mandrel is designed to be pointed, whereby the FKV material is displaced. This can advantageously be ensured a very high strength of the connection. Preferably, the forming mandrel has a support area which rests flat on the FKV structure in the inserted state of the mandrel. By applying the FKV material displaced through the hole to the metallic structure by means of a punch, an undercut is formed in a step d). Thus, the FRP material encompasses the entire area of the hole in the metallic structure. The stamp has a shape that corresponds to the forming mandrel. This is how the mandrel and punch center in the connection area.

Durch den Auflagebereich des Dornes wird die Presskraft zwischen Dorn und Stempel auf die zu verbindenden Strukturen aufgebracht, wodurch die Verbindung spielfrei erfolgt. In einem abschließenden Schritt e) erfolgt eine Abkühlung des Verbindungsbereiches. So kann die thermoplastische Matrix aushärten. Bevorzugt werden Stempel und Umformdorn erst nach dem Abkühlen entfernt.Due to the support area of the mandrel, the pressing force between mandrel and punch on the applied connecting structures, whereby the connection is carried out without play. In a final step e), the connection region is cooled down. This allows the thermoplastic matrix to harden. Preferably, punch and forming mandrel are removed only after cooling.

Zum Verbinden der Fügepartner ist ein umformtechnischer Prozess vorgesehen, bei dem die Faserverbundstruktur partiell erwärmt, lokal durch eine Öffnung im Metallblech durchgesetzt und zu einem Hinterschnitt mit definierter Faserverstärkung gestaucht wird. To join the joining partners, a forming process is provided in which the fiber composite structure is partially heated, locally penetrated through an opening in the metal sheet and compressed to an undercut with defined fiber reinforcement.

Die Faserverbundstruktur kann bereits vorgelocht sein oder beim Durchdringen der Öffnung im Metallblech gezielt lokal durchtrennt werden, etwa durch eine Dornspitze, welche über eine Schneide verfügt.The fiber composite structure may already be pre-punched or selectively severed locally when penetrating the opening in the metal sheet, for example by a mandrel tip, which has a cutting edge.

Im Gegensatz dazu sind auch Verfahrensvarianten vorgesehen, welche auf eine lokale Durchtrennung der Faserstruktur vollständig verzichten. So lässt sich durch Variation der Werkzeuggeometrie, etwa durch eine stumpfe Ausführung des Dorns, eine Durchdringung der Faserverbundstruktur vermeiden, wodurch eine geschlossene, mediendichte Oberfläche im Bereich der Thermoclinch-Fügezone entsteht. Mit einer derartigen Dorngeometrie ist zudem eine Verfahrensvariante möglich, bei welcher auch ein Vorlochen des metallischen Fügepartners entfallen kann.In contrast, process variants are also provided which completely dispense with a local severing of the fiber structure. Thus, by varying the tool geometry, such as a blunt design of the mandrel, a penetration of the fiber composite structure can be avoided, whereby a closed, media-dense surface in the region of the thermoclinic joining zone is formed. With such a mandrel geometry, a method variant is also possible in which a pre-punching of the metallic joining partner can be dispensed with.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Thermoclinchen ermöglicht erstmals die faserverbundgerechte, fügelementfreie und effiziente Herstellung von Hybridverbindungen für eine breite Palette verschiedenartiger thermoplastischer und metallischer Leichtbau-Konstruktionswerkstoffe. Dabei ergänzen sich die bewährten strukturellen Eigenschaften formschlüssiger Verbindungen mit der vorteilhaften Prozessgestaltung umformtechnischer Fügeverfahren.The novel process for thermoclining makes possible for the first time the fiber composite-compatible, non-veneer-free and efficient production of hybrid compounds for a wide range of different types of thermoplastic and metallic lightweight construction materials. The proven structural properties of form-fitting connections complement each other with the advantageous process design of forming technology joining methods.

Durch Verzicht auf zusätzliche Verbindungselemente sowie eine gezielt im Hals- und Hinterschnittbereich einzustellende Faserorientierung kann ein hoher Leichtbaugrad der Fügezonen erreicht werden. Da zudem keine aufwändige Vorbehandlung der Fügezone wie beim Kleben erforderlich ist, eignet sich das Thermoclinchen besonders zur Integration in robuste Fertigungsprozessketten für Mischbauweisen mit thermoplastischen Faserverbundstrukturen.By dispensing with additional connecting elements as well as a targeted fiber orientation to be set in the neck and undercut region, a high degree of lightweight construction of the joining zones can be achieved. In addition, since no complex pre-treatment of the joining zone is required, as in the case of gluing, thermoclining is particularly suitable for integration in robust production process chains for mixed construction methods with thermoplastic fiber composite structures.

Geringe Fügekräfte ermöglichen darüber hinaus die Entwicklung leichter und damit einfach handhabbarer Fügewerkzeuge.Low joining forces also enable the development of lightweight and therefore easy-to-handle joining tools.

Die am Fügevorgang beteiligten kinematischen Werkzeugelemente sind derart konzipiert, dass sie als wechselbare Einsätze eine breite Variabilität hinsichtlich geometrischer und prozesstechnischer Parameter bieten. Dies umfasst insbesondere die Größe und Gestalt der Fügezone sowie den Einsatz passiver oder aktiver Gegenwerkzeuge.The kinematic tool elements involved in the joining process are designed in such a way that, as replaceable inserts, they offer a broad variability with regard to geometric and process-related parameters. This includes in particular the size and shape of the joining zone and the use of passive or active counter tools.

Darüber hinaus ist die Fügevorrichtung so gestaltet, dass die für thermoplastische Verarbeitungsprozesse relevanten Prozessgrößen Temperatur, Druck und Haltezeit gezielt eingestellt werden können. Dazu werden etwa geeignete Temperiereinrichtungen integriert, die eine lokale Erwärmung und Abkühlung des thermoplastischen Verbundwerkstoffes erlauben.In addition, the joining device is designed so that the process variables relevant for thermoplastic processing processes temperature, pressure and holding time can be adjusted specifically. For this purpose, suitable temperature control devices are integrated, for example, which allow local heating and cooling of the thermoplastic composite material.

Für die Reproduzierbarkeit des Verfahrens sind die kinematischen und variothermen Systemkomponenten mess- und steuerungstechnisch verknüpft.For the reproducibility of the process, the kinematic and variothermic system components are linked to measurement and control technology.

Weitere Merkmale und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung sind in der nachfolgenden Präsentation enthalten.Further features and advantageous embodiment are included in the following presentation.

Nachfolgend wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand von Figuren erläutert, dabei zeigen:An exemplary embodiment of the invention will be explained below with reference to figures, in which:

1 das Positionieren der zu verbindenden Bauteile, 1 the positioning of the components to be connected,

2 das Erwärmen der FKV-Struktur, 2 heating the FRP structure,

3 das Durchdringen der Verbindungstelle mit einem Umformdorn, 3 the penetration of the connection point with a forming mandrel,

4 das Ausformen des Hinterschnitts mittels Stempel, und 4 the shaping of the undercut by means of punches, and

5 den Verbindungsbereich nach Abschluss des Verfahrens. 5 the connection area after completing the procedure.

1 zeigt wie die beiden zu verbindenden Bauteile, ein Bauteil aus Faserkunststoffverbund mit einer thermoplastischen Matrix 1 und ein metallisches Bauteil 2 übereinander positioniert werden. Das metallische Bauteil 1 hat ein Loch 21, in Form einer Bohrung. 1 shows how the two components to be joined, a component made of fiber-reinforced plastic composite with a thermoplastic matrix 1 and a metallic component 2 be positioned one above the other. The metallic component 1 has a hole 21 in the form of a hole.

Anschließend wird der zu verbindende Bereich mittels Wärmestrahlung 6 erhitzt. Vorliegend erfolgt dies beidseitig, wodurch eine schnelle und homogene Erwärmung des Verbindungsbereichs des FKV-Bauteils 1 erreicht wird.Subsequently, the area to be connected by means of heat radiation 6 heated. In the present case, this is done on both sides, resulting in a rapid and homogeneous heating of the connection region of the FKV component 1 is reached.

3 zeigt den nächsten Verfahrensschritt, das Durchdringen des Verbindungsbereichs durch einen Umformdorn 3. Dieser verdrängt das FKV-Material im Verbindungsbereich und drückt dieses durch das Loch 21. Durch die spitze Gestaltung des Umformdornes 3 wird die Faserstruktur nicht verletzt. 3 shows the next process step, the penetration of the connection area through a forming mandrel 3 , This displaces the FKV material in the connection area and pushes it through the hole 21 , Due to the pointed design of the forming mandrel 3 the fiber structure is not damaged.

4 zeigt das Ausformen eines Hinterschnitts 5 durch einen Stempel 4. Dabei wird das durch das Loch 21 gedrückte FKV-Material durch einen Stempel 4 an das metallische Bauteil 2 im Bereich des Loches 21 angedrückt, so dass eine formschlüssige Verbindung entsteht. 4 shows the shaping of an undercut 5 by a stamp 4 , It will be through the hole 21 pressed FKV material by a stamp 4 to the metallic component 2 in the area of the hole 21 pressed, so that a positive connection is formed.

5 zeigt den Verbindungsbereich nach Entfernen der Werkzeuge. Im Verbindungsbereich verbleibt ein Loch 7, dessen Querschnitt dem des Umformdornes 3 entspricht. 5 shows the connection area after removing the tools. In the connection area remains a hole 7 whose cross section is that of the forming mandrel 3 equivalent.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
FKV-Bauteil FRP component
22
Metallisches Bauteil Metallic component
2121
Loch hole
33
Umformdorn forming mandrel
3131
Auflagebereich support area
44
Stempel stamp
55
Hinterschnitt undercut
66
Wärmestrahlung thermal radiation
77
Loch hole

ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature

  • DE 10143155 A1 [0005] DE 10143155 A1 [0005]

Zitierte Nicht-PatentliteraturCited non-patent literature

  • „Handbuch Kunststoff-Verbindungstechnik“ (von G. Ehrenstein, erschienen im Hanser-Verlag 2004 [0004] "Handbuch Kunststoff-Verbindungstechnik" (by G. Ehrenstein, published by Hanser-Verlag 2004 [0004]
  • „Cutting Edge rounding: An innovative tool wear criterion in Drilling CFRP composite laminates“ (von A. Faraz, D. Biermann, K. Weinert im International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 49 (2009) 15, S. 1185–1196) [0004] "Cutting Edge Rounding: An Innovative Tool Wear Criterion in Triple CFRP Composite Laminates" (by A. Faraz, D. Biermann, K. Weinert in the International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 49 (2009) 15, pp. 1185-1196) [ 0004]
  • „Temperature Load during Drilling“ erschienen in Kunststoffe International 12 (2006), S. 72–77 [0004] "Temperature Load during Drilling" published in Kunststoffe international 12 (2006), pp. 72-77 [0004]
  • „Mechanics of mechanically fastened joints in polymer-matrix composite structures – A review“ (von S. D. Thoppul, J. Finnegan, R.F. Gibson erschienen in Composite Science and Technology 69 (2009) 3–4, S. 301–329 [0004] "Mechanics of mechanized fastened joints in polymer-matrix composite structures - A review" (by SD Thoppul, J. Finnegan, RF Gibson published in Composite Science and Technology 69 (2009) 3-4, pp. 301-329 [0004]

Claims (3)

Verfahren zum Verbinden von flächigen Bereichen einer Faserverbundkunststoffstruktur (FKV-Struktur) (1) mit thermoplastischer Matrix und einer metallischen Struktur (2), wobei die metallische Struktur im Verbindungsbereich ein Loch (21) aufweist mit den folgenden Verfahrensschritten: a) Positionieren von metallischer Struktur (2) und FKV-Struktur (1) relativ zueinander in der gewünschten Position; b) Aufheizen der FKV-Struktur im Verbindungsbereich; c) Einführen eines Umformdornes (3) in die FKV-Struktur im Bereich des Loches (21) der metallischen Struktur, so dass eine Verdrängung des Faserverbundkunststoffes erfolgt und der Umformdorn (3) in das Loch (21) eindringt; d) Ausbildung eines Hinterschnitts (5) durch das Anlegen des durch das Loch (21) hindurch verdrängten FKV-Materials an die metallische Struktur (2) mittels eines Stempels (4), aufweisend eine mit dem Umformdorn (3) korrespondierende Form; e) Abkühlung des Verbindungsbereiches, bevorzugt vor dem Entfernen von Stempel (4) und Umformdorn (3).Method for joining flat areas of a fiber composite plastic structure (FKV structure) ( 1 ) with a thermoplastic matrix and a metallic structure ( 2 ), wherein the metallic structure in the connection area a hole ( 21 ) comprising the following process steps: a) Positioning of metallic structure ( 2 ) and FKV structure ( 1 ) relative to each other in the desired position; b) heating up the FKV structure in the connection area; c) inserting a forming mandrel ( 3 ) into the FKV structure in the area of the hole ( 21 ) of the metallic structure, so that a displacement of the fiber composite plastic takes place and the forming mandrel ( 3 ) in the hole ( 21 penetrates); d) formation of an undercut ( 5 ) by putting it through the hole ( 21 ) displaced by FKV material to the metallic structure ( 2 ) by means of a stamp ( 4 ), comprising one with the mandrel ( 3 ) corresponding form; e) cooling of the connection area, preferably before removing the stamp ( 4 ) and forming mandrel ( 3 ). Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Aufheizen mittels Wärmstrahlung (6), einem Heißluftgebläse oder einer Kontaktheizung erfolgt.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating by means of heat radiation ( 6 ), a hot air blower or contact heating. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Umformdorn (3) spitz ist und einen Auflagebereich (31) hat.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the forming mandrel ( 3 ) is pointed and a support area ( 31 ) Has.
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EP3122487A1 (en) * 2014-03-26 2017-02-01 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Joining method
TWI601625B (en) * 2014-03-26 2017-10-11 豐田自動車股份有限公司 Joining method
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DE102015109289B3 (en) * 2015-06-11 2016-09-08 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Method and device for introducing openings in semi-finished fiber products
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WO2017036444A1 (en) 2015-08-31 2017-03-09 Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg New joining technology for mixed joints
CN105855383A (en) * 2016-04-06 2016-08-17 湖南大学 Connection method and hole punching and flanging die for carbon fibers and light alloy
DE102016120148A1 (en) 2016-10-21 2018-04-26 Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg Method for the mechanical connection of workpieces and device for carrying out the method
DE102018106335A1 (en) * 2018-03-19 2019-09-19 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Process for the production of a composite component of fiber composite material and a metal component for a vehicle
DE102018106335B4 (en) 2018-03-19 2021-08-12 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Process for the production of a composite component made of fiber composite material and a metal component for a vehicle and a closure insert
DE102019102469A1 (en) * 2019-01-31 2020-08-06 Airbus Operations Gmbh Method for producing a common connection opening in two components, at least one of which is made of a plastically deformable material
US11754102B2 (en) 2019-01-31 2023-09-12 Airbus Operations Gmbh Method for producing a common connecting opening in two components, at least one of which is made from a plastically deformable material

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