DE102013111852B4 - Cutting assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

A cutting assembly for removing material from a workpiece at the cutting insert-workpiece interface, the cutting assembly comprising: a holder (52) having a coolant channel (66) and a seat (60); a bolt (120) which is inserted into the coolant channel ( 66) and extending away from the seat (60); a cutting insert (75) having a rake face (182) and a central opening (188), the bolt (120) extending through the central opening (188) of the cutting insert (75); an insert locking cap (80) which engages the bolt (120) and exerts a biasing force against the rake face (182) of the cutting insert (75) so that the cutting insert (75) is securely in the seat (60 ) being retained, the insert locking cap (80) including a side opening (110) in communication with the central opening (188) of the cutting insert (75); andwherein the bolt (120) contains an outer longitudinal channel (134) with an inlet (142) in the coolant channel (66) and an outlet (144) next to the lateral opening (110), whereby coolant from the coolant channel (66) into the outer Longitudinal grooves (134) flows and exits into the central opening (188) of the cutting insert (75) and flows into the lateral opening (110) and is sprayed from this above the rake face (182) in the direction of the cutting insert-workpiece interface.

Description

The subject matter of the invention relates to a cutting assembly for chip-forming material removal, in other words a metal cutting system and especially a metal cutting system which is designed to enable an improved supply of coolant to the interface between the cutting insert and the workpiece (ie the insert-chip interface), in order to reduce excessive heat generation at the insert-chip interface during chip-forming material removal from a workpiece. Metal cutting tools for performing metal working operations generally include a cutting insert having a surface that terminates at a cutting edge and a tool holder with a seat adapted to receive the insert. The cutting insert engages a workpiece to remove material and forms chips of the material during the process. Excessive heat generation at the insert-chip interface can adversely affect (i.e., reduce or shorten) the tool life of the cutting insert.

For example, a chip generated by the workpiece may sometimes adhere (e.g., by fusing) to the surface of the cutting insert. The accumulation of chip material on the cutting insert in this way is undesirable and can have a negative effect on the performance of the cutting insert and thus on the overall material removal process. Flow of coolant to the insert-chip interface reduces the risk of such a fusion. It would therefore be desirable to reduce excessive heat build-up at the insert-chip interface in order to avoid or reduce the build-up of chip material.

As a further example, during a machining process for the removal of material by forming chips, the chips may not leave the region of the insert-chip interface when the chip adheres to the cutting insert. If a chip does not leave the area of the insert-chip interface, it is possible that the chip will be cut again. It is not desirable for the milling insert to re-cut a chip that has already been lifted from the workpiece. A flow of coolant to the insert-chip interface makes it easier to remove chips from the insert-chip interface and thus minimizes the risk of a chip being cut again.

It is generally accepted that shorter tool life increases operating costs and decreases overall production efficiency. Excessive heat build-up at the insert-chip interface contributes to the fusing of the chip material and re-cutting of chips, both of which are detrimental to production efficiency. There are obvious advantages associated with reducing the heat build-up at the insert-chip interface, one way to reduce the temperature is to add a coolant to the insert-chip interface.

Up to now, systems have been operated to lower the temperature of the cutting insert during cutting. For example, external nozzles are used in some systems to transport coolant to the cutting edge of the insert. The coolant is used not only to lower the temperature of the insert, but also to remove the chips from the cutting area. The nozzles are often located 2 to 30 centimeters (1 to 12 inches) from the cutting edge. This distance is too great for effective cooling. The further the path the coolant has to travel, the more the coolant mixes with air and the less likely it is to hit the tool-chip interface.

The US 6 053 669 A discusses the importance of reducing heat build-up at the insert-chip interface. Lagerberg mentions that when a cemented carbide cutting insert reaches a certain temperature, its resistance to plastic deformation decreases. A decrease in resistance to plastic deformation increases the risk that the cutting insert will break. The U.S. 5,775,854 A indicates that an increase in the working temperature leads to a decrease in the hardness of the cutting insert. As a result, there is increased wear on the cutting insert.

Other patent specifications disclose various ways or systems for adding coolant to the insert-chip interface. For example, the US 7 625 157 B2 a cutting insert having a cutting body with a central coolant inlet. The cutting insert also has a positionable deflection piece. The deflector has a coolant channel that guides coolant to a specific interface.

The U.S. 6,045,300 A discloses a provision of high pressure, large volume coolant to combat heat build-up at the insert-chip interface. The US 6 652 200 B2 discloses grooves between the cutting insert and a cover plate. Coolant flows through the troughs to combat heat build-up at the insert-chip interface. The U.S. 5,901,623 A discloses a coolant delivery system for Application of liquid nitrogen to the insert chip interface.

The DE 697 02 826 T2 shows a cutting assembly with a holder and a cutting insert which is fastened to the holder by means of a clamping screw. The holder comprises a coolant channel and the clamping screw has an axial groove which opens into the coolant channel. The cutting insert has a cutting edge and a support body with a porous material structure, so that coolant is conducted from the coolant channel via the axial groove through the support body to the cutting edge.

Furthermore, from the JP 2006-055916 A a cutting assembly known. The inventors have recognized the problems associated with conventional cooling devices and have developed an insert assembly that works with a conventional cooling system to provide coolant to a cutting insert and solves the problems of the prior art. In one embodiment thereof, the invention is a cutting assembly for removing material from a workpiece at the cutting insert-workpiece interface. The cutter assembly includes a bracket that includes a coolant channel and a seat. There is a bolt that is received in the coolant passage with the bolt extending away from the seat. The assembly further includes a cutting insert having a rake face and a central opening, with the bolt extending through the central opening of the cutting insert. The assembly includes an insert locking cap that engages the bolt and exerts a biasing force against the rake face of the cutting insert so that the cutting insert is securely retained in the seat. The insert locking cap includes a side opening that is in communication with the central opening of the cutting insert. The bolt includes an outer longitudinal channel with an inlet in the coolant channel and an outlet adjacent to the side opening, whereby coolant flows from the coolant channel into the outer longitudinal channels and exits into the central opening of the cutting insert and flows into the side opening and out of this above the rake face is sprayed towards the cutting insert-workpiece interface.

In another embodiment thereof, the invention is a cutting assembly for removing material from a workpiece at the cutting insert-workpiece interface. The cutter assembly includes a bracket that includes a coolant channel and a seat. The assembly includes a threaded bolt that is threadedly received in the coolant passage at a lower threaded portion thereof and extends away from the seat. The assembly includes a cutting insert having a rake face and a central opening, with an upper threaded portion of the threaded bolt extending through the central opening of the cutting insert. There is an insert locking cap that engages the upper threaded portion of the threaded bolt, whereby the insert locking cap exerts a biasing force against the rake face of the cutting insert so that the cutting insert is securely held in the seat. The insert locking cap includes a locking cap transverse bore and an external outlet in communication with the locking cap transverse bore. The insert cap includes an outer, annular groove which is in communication with the locking cap transverse bore through the outer exit. An adjustable coolant ring is received on the insert locking cap so that it spans the outer, annular groove. The coolant ring contains an inner groove which, together with the outer, annular groove, forms a coolant channel. The coolant ring includes an opening that is in communication with the coolant channel. The threaded bolt contains a central longitudinal bore with an inlet in the coolant channel and an outlet in the vicinity of the locking cap transverse bore, whereby coolant flows out of the coolant channel and into the central longitudinal bore, exits into the locking cap transverse bore and flows into the coolant channel, whereby coolant flows out the opening is sprayed towards the cutting insert-workpiece interface.

In yet another embodiment, a baffle plate can be provided for use with a cutting assembly having a mount with a coolant channel for removing material from a workpiece at the cutting insert-workpiece interface. The baffle includes a lower surface, the lower surface including a trough. The baffle also includes a curved front surface that includes an opening. Coolant flows from the coolant channel into the trough and then exits through the opening in the curved front surface toward the cutting insert-workpiece interface.

• 1 ist eine isometrische Ansicht einer ersten spezifischen Ausführungsform einer Schneideinheitbaugruppe;
• 2 ist eine Draufsicht der Schneideinheitbaugruppe von 1, in der der Schneideinsatz und die Unterlegplatte entfernt wurden;
• 3 ist eine Querschnittsansicht der Schneideinheitbaugruppe von 1, bei der der Schneideinsatz und die Unterlegplatte entfernt wurden, entlang der Schnittlinie 3-3 von 2;
• 4 ist eine Querschnittsansicht der Schneideinheitbaugruppe von 1, bei der der Schneideinsatz und die Unterlegplatte entfernt wurden, entlang der Schnittlinie 4-4 von 2;
• 5 ist eine Draufsicht der Unterlegplatte, die Teil der Schneideinheitbaugruppe von 1 ist;
• 6 ist eine Querschnittsansicht der Unterlegplatte von 5 entlang der Schnittlinie 6-6 von 5;
• 7 ist eine Draufsicht des runden Schneideinsatzes, der Teil der Schneideinheitbaugruppe von 1 ist;
• 8 ist eine isometrische Ansicht des runden Schneideinsatzes von 7;
• 9 ist eine Querschnittsansicht des runden Schneideinsatzes von 7 entlang der Schnittlinie 9-9 von 7;
• 10 ist eine isometrische Ansicht der Einsatzverriegelungskappe, die Teil der Schneideinheitbaugruppe von 1 ist;
• 11 ist eine Seitenansicht der Einsatzverriegelungskappe von 10;
• 12 ist eine Querschnittsansicht der Einsatzverriegelungskappe von 10 entlang der Schnittlinie 12-12 von 11;
• 13 ist eine isometrische Ansicht des Bolzens, der Teil der Schneideinheitbaugruppe von 1 ist;
• 14 ist eine Draufsicht auf den Bolzen von 13;
• 15 ist eine Querschnittsansicht des Bolzens entlang der Schnittlinie 15-15 von 14;
• 16 ist eine isometrische Ansicht der Schneideinheitbaugruppe von 1, die die Schneideinheitbaugruppe in einer bestimmten Ausrichtung zeigt;
• 17 ist eine schematische Querschnittsansicht einer bestimmten Ausführungsform der Schneideinheitbaugruppe von 1, die den Weg des Kühlmittels zeigt;
• 18 ist eine isometrische Ansicht der Einsatzverriegelungskappe, die Teil einer zweiten spezifischen Ausführungsform einer Schneideinheitbaugruppe ist;
• 19 ist eine Seitenansicht der Einsatzverriegelungskappe von 18;
• 20 ist eine Draufsicht auf die Einsatzverriegelungskappe von 18;
• 21 ist eine Querschnittsansicht der Einsatzverriegelungskappe von 18 entlang der Schnittlinie 21-21 von 19;
• 22 ist eine Seitenansicht des Kühlmittelrings, der Teil einer zweiten spezifischen Ausführungsform einer Schneideinheitbaugruppe ist;
• 23 ist eine Draufsicht des Kühlmittelrings;
• 24 ist eine Querschnittsansicht des Kühlmittelrings von 22 entlang der Schnittlinie 24-24 von 23;
• 25 ist eine isometrische Ansicht einer spezifischen Ausführungsform eines Gewindebolzens, der Teil einer zweiten spezifischen Ausführungsform einer Schneideinheitbaugruppe ist;
• 26 ist eine Draufsicht auf den Gewindebolzen von 25;
• 27 ist eine Querschnittsansicht des Gewindebolzens von 25 entlang der Schnittlinie 27-27 von 26;
• 28 ist eine isometrische Ansicht der zweiten spezifischen Ausführungsform einer Schneideinheitbaugruppe, die die Schneideinheitbaugruppe in einer bestimmten Ausrichtung bezogen auf das Sprühen von Kühlmittel in Richtung der Schneideinsatz-Werkstück-Grenzfläche darstellt;
• 28A ist eine isometrische Ansicht der zweiten spezifischen Ausführungsform einer Schneideinheitbaugruppe, die die Schneideinheitbaugruppe in einer anderen Ausrichtung bezogen auf das Sprühen von Kühlmittel in Richtung der Schneideinsatz-Werkstück-Grenzfläche darstellt;
• 29 ist eine schematische Querschnittsansicht der zweiten spezifischen Ausführungsform der Schneideinheitbaugruppe von 28, die den Weg des Kühlmittels durch die Schneideinheitbaugruppe zeigt;
• 30 ist eine isometrische Ansicht einer dritten spezifischen Ausführungsform einer Schneideinheitbaugruppe;
• 31 ist eine Draufsicht auf die Schneideinheitbaugruppe von 30;
• 32 ist eine isometrische Ansicht in Richtung der oberen Oberfläche einer spezifischen Ausführungsform einer Umlenkplatte zur Verwendung in der dritten spezifischen Ausführungsform der Schneideinheitbaugruppe von 30;
• 33 ist eine isometrische Ansicht in Richtung der unteren Oberfläche der spezifischen Ausführungsform einer Umlenkplatte von 32;
• 34 ist eine isometrische Ansicht der Klemmenbaugruppe der dritten spezifischen Ausführungsform von 30, wobei die Umlenkplatte von 32 entfernt von der Schrauben-Klemmenarm-Baugruppe dargestellt ist;
• 35 ist eine Draufsicht auf die Umlenkplatte von 32;
• 36 ist eine Querschnittsansicht der Unterlegplatte von 32 entlang der Schnittlinie 36-36 von 35;
• 37 ist eine Untersicht der Umlenkplatte von 32;
• 38 ist eine Draufsicht einer zweiten spezifischen Ausführungsform einer Umlenkplatte zur Verwendung in der dritten spezifischen Ausführungsform der Schneideinheitbaugruppe von 30;
• 39 ist eine Querschnittsansicht der Umlenkplatte von 38 entlang der Schnittlinie 39-39 von 38;
• 40 ist eine Untersicht der Umlenkplatte von 38;
• 41 ist eine isometrische Ansicht in Richtung der oberen Oberfläche der Umlenkplatte von 38;
• 42 ist eine isometrische Ansicht in Richtung der unteren Oberfläche der spezifischen Ausführungsform einer Umlenkplatte von 38;
• 43 ist eine schematische Querschnittsansicht der dritten spezifischen Ausführungsform einer Schneideinheitbaugruppe mit der Umlenkplatte von 38, die den Weg des Kühlmittels durch die Schneideinheitbaugruppe zeigt;
• 43A ist eine Querschnittsansicht der Halteschraube der Unterlegplatte der dritten spezifischen Ausführungsform der Schneidbaugruppe;
• 44 ist eine Draufsicht eines runden Schneideinsatzes zur Verwendung in der dritten spezifischen Ausführungsform der Schneideinheitbaugruppe von 30; und
• 45 ist eine Querschnittsansicht des runden Schneideinsatzes von 44 entlang der Schnittlinie 45-45 von 44.

The following is a brief description of the drawings that are part of this patent application:

• 1 Figure 3 is an isometric view of a first specific embodiment of a cutting unit assembly;
• 2 FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the cutting unit assembly of FIG 1 in which the cutting insert and shim have been removed;
• 3 FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the cutting unit assembly of FIG 1 with the cutting insert and shim removed, along the cutting line 3-3 from 2 ;
• 4th FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the cutting unit assembly of FIG 1 with the cutting insert and shim removed, along the cutting line 4-4 from 2 ;
• 5 FIG. 13 is a top plan view of the shim that forms part of the cutting unit assembly of FIG 1 is;
• 6th FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the shim of FIG 5 along the cutting line 6-6 from 5 ;
• 7th FIG. 13 is a top plan view of the circular cutting insert that forms part of the cutting unit assembly of FIG 1 is;
• 8th FIG. 11 is an isometric view of the round cutting insert of FIG 7th ;
• 9 FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the round cutting insert of FIG 7th along the cutting line 9-9 from 7th ;
• 10 FIG. 13 is an isometric view of the insert locking cap that forms part of the cutting unit assembly of FIG 1 is;
• 11 FIG. 14 is a side view of the insert locking cap of FIG 10 ;
• 12 FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the insert locking cap of FIG 10 along the cutting line 12-12 from 11 ;
• 13 FIG. 13 is an isometric view of the bolt that forms part of the cutting unit assembly of FIG 1 is;
• 14th FIG. 14 is a top plan view of the bolt of 13 ;
• 15th Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the bolt taken along the section line 15-15 from 14th ;
• 16 FIG. 13 is an isometric view of the cutting unit assembly of FIG 1 Figure 3 shows the cutting unit assembly in a particular orientation;
• 17th FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a particular embodiment of the cutting unit assembly of FIG 1 showing the path of the coolant;
• 18th Figure 3 is an isometric view of the insert locking cap that is part of a second specific embodiment of a cutting unit assembly;
• 19th FIG. 14 is a side view of the insert locking cap of FIG 18th ;
• 20th FIG. 13 is a top plan view of the insert locking cap of FIG 18th ;
• 21st FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the insert locking cap of FIG 18th along the cutting line 21-21 from 19th ;
• 22nd Figure 3 is a side view of the coolant ring that is part of a second specific embodiment of a cutting unit assembly;
• 23 Figure 3 is a top plan view of the coolant ring;
• 24 FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the coolant ring of FIG 22nd along the cutting line 24-24 from 23 ;
• 25th Figure 3 is an isometric view of a specific embodiment of a threaded bolt that is part of a second specific embodiment of a cutting unit assembly;
• 26th FIG. 13 is a top plan view of the threaded stud of FIG 25th ;
• 27 FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the threaded bolt of FIG 25th along the cutting line 27-27 from 26th ;
• 28 Figure 3 is an isometric view of the second specific embodiment of a cutting unit assembly showing the cutting unit assembly in a particular orientation with respect to the spray of coolant toward the cutting insert-workpiece interface;
• 28A Figure 4 is an isometric view of the second specific embodiment of a cutting unit assembly showing the cutting unit assembly in a different orientation relative to the spray of coolant toward the cutting insert-workpiece interface;
• 29 FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the second specific embodiment of the cutting unit assembly of FIG 28 showing the path of coolant through the cutting unit assembly;
• 30th Figure 3 is an isometric view of a third specific embodiment of a cutting unit assembly;
• 31 FIG. 13 is a top plan view of the cutting unit assembly of FIG 30th ;
• 32 FIG. 13 is an isometric view looking towards the top surface of a specific embodiment of a baffle for use in the third specific embodiment of the cutting unit assembly of FIG 30th ;
• 33 FIG. 13 is an isometric view towards the lower surface of the specific embodiment of a baffle of FIG 32 ;
• 34 FIG. 13 is an isometric view of the clamp assembly of the third specific embodiment of FIG 30th , the baffle of 32 shown removed from the screw and clamp arm assembly;
• 35 FIG. 13 is a top plan view of the baffle of FIG 32 ;
• 36 FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the shim of FIG 32 along the cutting line 36-36 from 35 ;
• 37 is a bottom view of the baffle of 32 ;
• 38 FIG. 13 is a top plan view of a second specific embodiment of a baffle for use in the third specific embodiment of the cutting unit assembly of FIG 30th ;
• 39 FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the baffle of FIG 38 along the cutting line 39-39 from 38 ;
• 40 is a bottom view of the baffle of 38 ;
• 41 FIG. 13 is an isometric view looking towards the top surface of the baffle of FIG 38 ;
• 42 FIG. 13 is an isometric view towards the lower surface of the specific embodiment of a baffle of FIG 38 ;
• 43 FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the third specific embodiment of a cutting unit assembly with the baffle of FIG 38 showing the path of coolant through the cutting unit assembly;
• 43A Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the washer plate retaining screw of the third specific embodiment of the cutter assembly;
• 44 FIG. 13 is a top plan view of a circular cutting insert for use in the third specific embodiment of the cutting unit assembly of FIG 30th ; and
• 45 FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the round cutting insert of FIG 44 along the cutting line 45-45 from 44 .

During an operation for removing material by forming chips, the cutting insert comes into engagement with a workpiece in order to remove material from the workpiece, usually in the form of chips. A material removal process, in which material is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips, is commonly known to those skilled in the art as a chip-forming material removal process. The book Machine Shop Practice [Industrial Press Inc., New York, New York (1981)] by Moltrecht provides on the pages 199-204 , inter alia, a description of chip formation as well as different types of chip (ie, flowing chip, crumbling chip, shredded chip). With Moltrecht is [partially] on the sides 199-200 read: “When the cutting tool first touches the metal, it compresses the metal lying in front of the cutting edge. As the tool advances, the metal is pre-stressed in front of the cutting edge to the point where it internally shears, causing the grains of the metal to deform and plastically flow along a plane called the shear plane ... when the metal being cut is malleable is, for example steel, the chip runs off as an uninterrupted band ... ". Moltrecht describes in the further course the formation of a crumbling chip and a tear chip. As another example, the text on the pages includes 302-315 of the ASTE Tool Engineers Handbook, McGraw Hill Book Co., New York, New York (1949) provides a detailed description of chip formation in metal cutting. On page 303 the ASTE manual establishes the clear connection between chip formation and machine operations such as turning, milling and drilling. The following patent documents discuss the formation of chips during material removal processes: U.S. 5,709,907 A , U.S. 5,722,803 A , U.S. 6,161,990 A .

Reference is now made to the drawings including, without limitation, Figs 1-4 ; a first specific embodiment of a cutting unit assembly is shown generally with 50 designated. The cutting unit assembly 50 has a bracket 52 on that a front working end 54 and a back end 56 owns. The bracket 52 has an enlarged head section 58 , the front end of the work 54 is adjacent and the a seat surface or a seat 60 has, which is designed to have a shim 74 and a cutting insert 75 take up, taking the shim 74 and the cutting insert 75 at the seat 60 are attached, as will be described below. The seat 60 is of an upright, semicircular wall 62 surrounded at an angle of 90 degrees relative to the surface of the seat 60 is arranged with the wall 62 in one direction a support for the base plate 74 and the cutting insert 75 provides when she is on the seat 60 be arranged and attached to this. The bracket 52 also has a shaft 64 at the far end 56 of it on. The cutting unit assembly attaches to the shaft 64 attached to a larger machine tool.

The bracket 52 also includes a coolant channel 66 having an entrance 68 near the shaft 64 and an exit 70 at the seat 60 owns. As will be described later, pressurized coolant passes through the inlet 68 in the coolant duct 66 and enters through the output 70 at the seat 60 directly into the component assembly that contains the insert locking cap 80 , the bolt 120 who have favourited the washer 74 and the cutting insert 75 includes. Coolant exits this cutting unit assembly and encounters the interface between the cutting insert and the workpiece, ie the cutting insert-workpiece interface. The bracket 52 has a set screw hole 78 on that one adjustment screw 76 receives, the adjusting screw 76 helps keep the bolt 120 in position as described below.

Reference is now made to the drawings including, without limitation, Figs 5 and 6th ; the shim 74 the cutting insert assembly 50 further comprises a shim body 158 on, the washer body 158 an upper surface 160 and a lower surface 162 owns. The washer body 158 also has a central shim hole 164 on that one entrance 168 and an exit 166 owns. The central washer hole 164 has a section with an enlarged diameter 170 near the exit 166 and a reduced diameter portion 172 near the entrance 168 . The enlarged diameter section 170 and the reduced diameter portion 172 are by a frustoconical section 174 connected.

Reference is now made to the drawings including, without limitation, Figs 7-9 ; the cutting insert 75 the cutting unit assembly 50 has a round cutting insert body 180 on the one rake face 182 , a side surface 184 and a lower surface 186 owns. At the joint between the rake face 182 and the side surface 184 is a cutting edge 187 available. The round cutting insert body 180 contains a central hole 188 having an entrance 190 and an exit 192 having. The central hole 188 also has an upper part 194 that the exit 192 is adjacent and has an enlarged diameter, and a lower part 196 that the entrance 190 is adjacent and has a reduced diameter.

As will become apparent, the cutting insert assembly 50 an insert locking cap 80 and the bolt 120 on that put together the shim 74 and the cutting insert 75 on the bracket 52 hold tight. The assembly with the insert locking cap 80 and the threaded bolt 120 also provides a means through which coolant flows to the insert-workpiece interface. Reference is now made to the drawings including, without limitation, Figs 10-12 ; the insert locking cap 80 has an axially forward end 82 and an axially rearward end 84 . The insert locking cap 80 has a headboard 86 near the axially forward end 82 , with the headboard 86 a plurality (e.g., six) flats 88 having. These flats 88 make it easier to attach the insert locking cap 80 at the intended position. The insert locking cap 80 has a shaft part 92 near the axially rearward end 84 . The shaft part 92 has a shoulder 94 on that the headboard 86 and the shaft part 92 connects. The shaft part 92 also has a cylindrical surface 96 and a frustoconical surface 98 . The insert locking cap 80 contains a central locking cap hole 100 having an entrance 102 and an exit 104 owns. Part of the central locking cap hole 100 has thread 106 on. The insert locking cap 80 also has a recessed part 108 on that has an integrated opening 110 and an arcuate protrusion 112 Are defined. The integrated opening 110 is in communication with the locking cap hole 100 .

Reference is now made to the drawings including, without limitation, Figs 13-15 ; the threaded bolt 120 has an axially forward end 122 and an axially rearward end 124 . The bolt 120 has an upper part with a reduced diameter 126 near the axially forward end 122 and a lower portion of reduced diameter 128 near the axially rearward end 124 . The outer surface of the bolt 120 has a thread area 130 and an area with a smooth surface 132 on. The area with a smooth surface 132 has a group of three longitudinal gutters 134 on. Every longitudinal channel 134 has an entrance 142 and an exit 144 . The thread area 130 hits on one shoulder 136 on the smooth area 132 as in 13 and 15th shown. Each of the longitudinal gutters 134 has an arched channel surface 138 . An arcuate surface or ridge 140 in the area with a smooth surface 132 separates the individual longitudinal channels 134 from each other. The threaded bolt 120 points at the axially forward end 122 a hexagonal, closed hole 148 on. The hexagonal, closed hole 148 has an opening 150 and a final surface or end 152 on.

Reference is now made to the drawings including, without limitation, Figs 16-17 ; the assembly and operation of the first specific embodiment of the cutting unit assembly 50 are described below.

17th Figure 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the assembly showing the path of coolant (as shown by the arrows) from the coolant channel 66 and through the assembly of central locking cap 100 - bolt 120 - Shim 74 - cutting insert 75 shows. Coolant, which is usually under pressure, flows from the coolant channel 66 through the outer longitudinal grooves 134 of the threaded bolt 120 in an upward direction as indicated by the arrows in 17th specified. The coolant comes out of the outlets 144 (at the top as in 17th shown) of the outer longitudinal grooves 134 into the volume of the central shim hole 164 and at least a portion of the volume of the central opening 188 of the cutting insert 75 out. Coolant flows continuously into the recessed part 108 the insert locking cap 80 and enters under pressure through the side opening 110 so that it is sprayed towards the cutting insert-workpiece interface.

The position of the threaded bolt 120 can be rotated to a preselected position by pressing the bolt 120 in the coolant duct 66 is rotated to the desired position. The bolt 120 can then be secured in this position by turning the set screw 76 is tightened until the set screw 76 firmly on the threaded bolt 120 is applied. The insert cap 80 is on the threads 106 on the thread area 130 of the bolt 120 screwed on so that the insert locking cap 80 is tightened and a significant compression bias against the cutting insert 75 acts, whereby the cutting insert 75 and the washer 74 safe in the seat 60 the bracket 52 be held. The cutting insert is more special 75 between the insert locking cap 80 and the washer 74 between the cutting insert 75 and the seat or seat surface 60 arranged.

16 shows the coolant jet (KS) in one direction. As described above, it can be seen that the direction of the coolant jet depends on the position of the bolt 120 in the coolant duct 66 can change. By changing the direction of the coolant jet, various cutting applications can be accommodated.

Reference is now made to the drawings including, without limitation, Figs 17-29 ; Shown is a second specific embodiment of a cutting unit assembly shown in FIG 29 is generally designated by 200 and the one holder 201 has, which has a coolant channel 202 contains, the coolant channel 202 a threaded section 203 near the seat 205 owns. A threaded bolt 278 gets near the exit of it with the coolant duct 202 in thread engagement. The threaded bolt 278 extends through the shim 74 and the cutting insert 75 . An insert locking cap 224 is on the threaded bolt 278 attached, and a coolant ring 204 spans the insert locking cap 224 . The details of the cutting unit assembly 200 are described below.

The cutting unit assembly includes a threaded bolt 278 having an axially forward end 280 and an axially rearward end 282 owns. The threaded bolt 278 has a lower portion with an enlarged diameter 286 that has a lower threaded section 306 has, as well as an integrated flange 288 and has a shoulder pointing forward 300 and a back shoulder 302 . The threaded bolt 278 also has an upper portion with a reduced diameter 304 that has an upper threaded section 308 having. The threaded bolt 278 has a central longitudinal bore 312 having an entrance 314 and an exit 316 owns. The central longitudinal bore 312 has a circular section 318 and a hexagonal section 320 .

The cutting unit assembly 200 also has an insert locking cap 224 on which one axially front end 226 and an axially rearward end 228 owns. The insert locking cap 224 also has a headboard 230 and a shaft portion 232 . The headboard 230 has a cylindrical part with a reduced diameter 234 and a cylindrical portion with an enlarged diameter 236 by a frustoconical shoulder 238 are connected to each other. The headboard 230 also includes an annular groove 240 . The headboard 230 also has threads 231 . The shaft part 232 has a cylindrical section 246 on, which is in a frustoconical section 248 ends. The insert locking cap 224 contains a locking cap longitudinal bore 252 having an entrance 254 and an interior finishing surface 256 contains. The insert locking cap 224 also has a locking cap transverse bore 260 having an internal entrance 262 and an external exit 264 owns. The insert locking cap 224 has an upper, closed, sinusoidal bore 268 having an entrance 270 and a final surface 272 owns.

The cutting unit assembly 200 also has a coolant ring 204 on, the one top 206 and a bottom 208 owns. The coolant ring 204 also has an outer surface 210 and an inner volume 212 , being in the coolant ring 204 an opening 214 is located. The coolant ring 204 also has an inner groove 216 on. It can be seen that the inner groove 216 of the coolant ring 204 with the annular groove 240 the insert locking cap 224 cooperates to form a coolant channel 222 to build. The coolant ring 204 is on the threads 231 via internal, very fine thread on the insert locking cap 224 unscrewed.

Reference is made to the drawings and without limitation 29 ; 29 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the path of the coolant in the coolant channel 202 through the assembly of coolant ring 204 - insert locking cap 224 - threaded bolt 278 - cutting insert 75 - shim 74 shows. With this type of assembly, the coolant is usually under pressure, so that coolant enters the coolant channel 202 in and out of this into the entrance 314 the central longitudinal bore 312 of the threaded bolt 278 flows. Coolant occurs at the outlet 316 of which from the central longitudinal bore 312 and then flows through the inner entrance 262 of which into the locking cap cross-hole 260 . Thereafter, coolant enters the locking cap cross-hole 260 and flows further into the coolant channel 222 , removing coolant from the opening 214 is sprayed out toward the insert-workpiece interface.

The insert locking cap 224 gets so far into the upper threaded section 308 of the threaded bolt 278 screwed in so that it biases against the cutting insert 75 exercises and thereby both the cutting insert 75 as well as the base plate 74 secure in the seat 60 holds on. The threaded bolt 278 gets into the coolant duct 202 screwed in. By varying the extent to which the coolant ring 204 onto the insert locking cap 224 is screwed on, the coolant ring 204 changing positions in relation to the insert closure cap 224 have to adjust the orientation of the opening 214 and thus also to vary the direction of the coolant jet.

Reference is now made to FIG 30th ; a third specific embodiment of the cutting unit assembly is indicated generally at 322 and includes a bracket 329 on that a front end 323 and a back end 324 owns. The bracket 329 has a seat 325 and contains a coolant channel 326 having an exit 327 and an entrance 328 owns. The exit 327 of the coolant duct 326 is at the seat 325 arranged.

The cutting unit assembly also includes a baffle 330 on that one top surface 332 , a lower surface 334 , a back end 336 , a front end 338 , a side surface 340 and an opposite side surface 342 owns. The baffle 330 contains in the upper surface 332 a longitudinal groove 346 and a transverse groove 348 . The baffle 330 also has a central inclined surface 350 , a side sloping surface 352 , a side sloping surface 354 and an arcuate front surface 356 . The side surface 340 has a side groove 358 on that have a beveled surface 362 and a straight surface 364 having. The side surface 342 has a side groove 360 on that have a beveled surface 366 and a straight surface 368 having. The lower surface 334 the baffle 330 defines a tub 372 partly by a semicircular wall 374 as well as a pair of opposing flared walls 376 is defined in 378. The tub 372 also has an opening 380 .

The cutting unit assembly 322 also has a round cutting insert body 384 on the one rake face 386 , a side surface 388 and a lower surface 390 owns. The round cutting insert body 384 contains a central hole 392 having an entrance 394 and an exit 396 owns. The central hole 392 has a generally constant diameter. The cutting unit assembly 322 also uses a washer 74 similar to the shims described earlier 74 . Reference is now made to FIG 43A ; the cutting insert assembly 322 also has a retaining screw for the base plate 456 . The retaining screw of the washer plate 456 has a central longitudinal bore 458 , a flange 460 and a threaded part 462 .

The baffle 330 is on the terminal assembly 398 using tines 400 attached to the side grooves 358 , 360 with the baffle 330 get into engagement. This type of connection allows the baffle 330 to be changed depending on the specific application.

Reference is now made to FIG 43 ; the shim 74 is on the seat 325 arranged and the retaining screw of the washer plate 456 becomes in threaded engagement in a threaded portion of the coolant channel 326 recorded. The flange 460 the retaining screw of the washer plate 456 engages the frusto-conical portion 174 the shim 74 to the washer 74 at the seat 325 to hold on. The cutting insert 384 lies on top of the base plate 74 on. The baffle 330 is through the clamp assembly 398 pressed down and is against the rake face of the cutting insert 384 biased to the cutting insert 384 to hold on to its position. Then coolant flows through the coolant channel 326 and in the central longitudinal bore 458 the retaining screw of the washer plate 456 . The coolant then flows through the central bore 392 of the cutting insert 384 . The coolant hits the surface of the tub 372 the baffle 330 with the coolant through the opening 380 in the direction of the insert-workpiece interface from the trough 372 exit.

Reference is now made to FIG 38-42 ; another specific embodiment of the baffle 402 has a top surface 404 , a lower surface 406 , a back end 408 , a front end 410 and a pair of opposing side surfaces 412 , 414 on. The upper surface 404 the baffle 402 contains a longitudinal groove 418 and a transverse groove 420 . The upper surface 404 also has a central inclined surface 422 and a pair of opposing side sloping surfaces 424 , 426 on. Furthermore, the baffle 402 an arcuate front surface 428 on. The side surface 412 has a side groove 430 on that have a beveled surface 434 and a straight surface 436 having. The side surface 414 has a side groove 432 on that have a beveled surface 438 and a straight surface 440 having. The lower surface 406 the baffle 402 contains a tub 444 partly by a semicircular wall 446 in the pair of opposing, flared walls 448 , 450 is defined. It is a plurality of openings 452 present having a communication link from the tub 444 deploy out.

It will be appreciated that any of a variety of different types of fluids or coolants are suitable for use in the cutting insert. Generally speaking, there are two basic categories of fluids or refrigerants, namely oil-based fluids, which include neat oils and soluble oils, and chemical fluids, which include synthetic and semi-synthetic refrigerants. Blank oils are composed of a base mineral or petroleum and often contain polar lubricants such as fats, vegetable oils and esters as well as high-pressure additives such as chlorine, sulfur and phosphorus. Soluble oils (also called emulsion fluids) are made up of a base of petroleum or mineral oil in combination with emulsifiers and mixing agents. Petroleum or mineral oil in combination with emulsifiers and mixing agents are the basic components of soluble oils (also called emulsifiable oils). The concentration of the listed ingredients in their aqueous mixture is usually 30-85%. As a rule, soaps, wetting agents and couplers are used as emulsifiers, the basic function of which is to reduce surface tension. They can be the reason why a fluid tends to foam. In addition, soluble oils can contain lubricity agents such as esters, extreme pressure additives, alkanolamines to provide reserve alkalinity, a biocide such as triazine or oxazolidine, a defoamer such as a long-chain organic fatty alcohol or salt, corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants, etc.

Synthetic fluids (chemical fluids) can also be classified into two subgroups: true solutions and surface active fluids. True solution fluids consist essentially of alkaline inorganic and organic compounds and are formulated to impart corrosion protection properties to water. Chemical surfactant fluids consist of alkaline inorganic and organic corrosion inhibitors in combination with anionic, nonionic wetting agents to provide lubrication and improve wettability. High pressure lubricants based on chlorine, sulfur and phosphorus as well as some recently developed polymeric, physical extreme pressure lubricants can additionally be incorporated into these fluids. Semi-synthetic fluids (also known as semi-chemical) contain a smaller amount of refined base oil (5-30%) in the concentrate. They are also mixed with emulsifiers and 30-50% water. Since they contain components of both synthetic and soluble oils, they have characteristic properties of both synthetic and water-soluble oils.

It will be apparent that the present invention provides a cutting assembly and a cutting insert assembly to enable improved delivery of coolant to the interface between the cutting insert and the workpiece (i.e., the insert-chip interface). In this way, there is a reduction in excessive heat development at the insert-chip interface during the removal of material from a workpiece. By providing a flow of coolant, excessive heat build-up at the insert-chip interface is reduced to prevent or reduce build-up of chip material. By providing the coolant flow to the insert-chip interface, the removal of the chips from the insert-chip interface is simplified and thus the risk of a chip being cut again is minimized. It will be appreciated that the present invention provides advantages associated with reducing heat build-up at the insert-chip interface.

Claims (11)

A cutting assembly for removing material from a workpiece at the cutting insert-workpiece interface, the cutting assembly comprising: a bracket (52) having a coolant channel (66) and a seat (60); a bolt (120) received in the coolant passage (66) and extending from the seat (60); a cutting insert (75) having a rake face (182) and a central opening (188), the bolt (120) extending through the central opening (188) of the cutting insert (75); an insert locking cap (80) which engages the bolt (120) and exerts a biasing force against the rake face (182) of the cutting insert (75) so that the cutting insert (75) is securely held in the seat (60), the Insert locking cap (80) including a side opening (110) in communication with the central opening (188) of the cutting insert (75); and wherein the bolt (120) contains an outer longitudinal channel (134) with an inlet (142) in the coolant channel (66) and an outlet (144) next to the lateral opening (110), whereby coolant from the coolant channel (66) into the outer longitudinal grooves (134) flows and exits into the central opening (188) of the cutting insert (75) and flows into the lateral opening (110) and is sprayed from this above the rake face (182) in the direction of the cutting insert-workpiece interface. Cutting assembly after Claim 1 wherein the bolt (120) has a smooth area (132), wherein the smooth area (132) contains the outer longitudinal groove (134) and wherein a part of the smooth area (132) of the bolt (120) within the coolant channel (66) is arranged. Cutting assembly after Claim 2 wherein the smooth region (132) includes a plurality of the longitudinal grooves (134). Cutting assembly after Claim 1 wherein the bolt (120) can optionally be rotatably adjusted to a preselected position in the coolant channel (66). Cutting assembly after Claim 4 wherein the bracket (52) further includes a set screw bore (78) that receives a set screw (76), and wherein the set screw (76) between a fastening position in which the set screw (76) is tightly against the bolt (120) to hold the bolt (120) in the preselected position in the coolant channel (66), and a loosening position in which the set screw (76) does not contact the bolt (120), whereby the bolt (120) is free to selectively to be set rotatably in the coolant channel (66), is movable. Cutting assembly after Claim 1 further comprising a shim (74) having a central shim bore (164) and wherein the bolt (120) extends through the central shim bore (164) and wherein the shim (74) is between the cutting insert (75) and the Seat (60) is arranged. Cutting assembly after Claim 6 wherein the central shim bore (164) is in communication with the central opening (188) of the cutting insert (75) and the outer longitudinal channel (134) is in communication with the central shim bore (164). Cutting assembly after Claim 1 wherein the bolt (120) has a threaded portion (130) and wherein the insert locking cap (80) threadingly engages the bolt (120) at the threaded portion (130). A cutting assembly for removing material from a workpiece at the cutting insert-workpiece interface, the cutting assembly comprising: a bracket (201) having a coolant channel (202) and a seat (205); a threaded bolt (278) threadedly received on a lower threaded portion (306) thereof in the coolant passage (202) and extending away from the seat (205); a cutting insert (75) having a rake face (182) and a central opening (188), an upper threaded portion (308) of the threaded bolt (278) extending through the central opening (188) of the cutting insert (75); an insert locking cap (224) engaging the upper threaded portion (308) of the threaded bolt (278), and wherein the insert locking cap (224) exerts a biasing force against the rake face (182) of the cutting insert (75) to engage the cutting insert (75) ) securely held in the seat (205), the insert locking cap (224) including a locking cap transverse bore (260) and an outer outlet (264) in communication with the locking cap transverse bore (260), and wherein the insert locking cap ( 224) includes an outer annular groove (240) in communication with the locking cap transverse bore (260) through the outer exit (264); a coolant ring (204) which is adjustably received on the insert locking cap (224) so that it spans the outer, annular groove (240), the coolant ring (204) having an inner groove (216), which together with the outer, annular Groove (240) includes a coolant channel (202), and wherein the coolant ring (204) includes an opening (214) in communication with the coolant channel (202); and wherein the threaded bolt (278) has a central longitudinal bore (312) with an inlet (312) in the coolant channel (202) and an outlet (316) adjacent to the locking cap transverse bore (260), whereby coolant from the coolant channel (202) and flows into the central longitudinal bore (312), exits into the locking cap transverse bore (260) and flows into the coolant channel (202), whereby Coolant is sprayed from the opening (214) towards the cutting insert-workpiece interface. Cutting assembly after Claim 9 wherein the coolant ring (204) is adjustable so that the direction in which the coolant is sprayed from the opening (214) towards the cutting insert-workpiece interface can be selected. Cutting assembly after Claim 9 , further comprising a shim (74) having a central shim bore (164), and wherein the threaded bolt (278) extends through the central shim bore (164) and wherein the shim (74) between the cutting insert (75) and the Seat (205) is arranged.

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