DE102013014388A1 - Device for controlling energy flux in motor vehicle, has energy storage, and converter comprising electrical switching elements, where switching elements are designed as backward-closing bipolar transistors with insulating gate electrodes - Google Patents

Device for controlling energy flux in motor vehicle, has energy storage, and converter comprising electrical switching elements, where switching elements are designed as backward-closing bipolar transistors with insulating gate electrodes Download PDF

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DE102013014388A1
DE102013014388A1 DE201310014388 DE102013014388A DE102013014388A1 DE 102013014388 A1 DE102013014388 A1 DE 102013014388A1 DE 201310014388 DE201310014388 DE 201310014388 DE 102013014388 A DE102013014388 A DE 102013014388A DE 102013014388 A1 DE102013014388 A1 DE 102013014388A1
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Prior art keywords
converter
electrical
switching elements
designed
motor vehicle
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DE201310014388
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German (de)
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Sicong Liu
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Mercedes Benz Group AG
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Daimler AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
    • B60L2220/12—Induction machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
    • B60L2220/14—Synchronous machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
    • B60L2240/526—Operating parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
    • B60L2240/527—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
    • B60L2240/529—Current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/549—Current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The device (10) has an electrical energy storage (12) i.e. battery, for delivering electrical power, and an electrical machine (16) for driving a motor vehicle. A converter (14) provides electrical power for driving the machine from the electrical power delivered by the energy store. The converter has electrical switching elements (S1-S6), where the switching elements are designed as backward-closing bipolar transistors with insulating gate electrodes. The converter is designed as a current link converter. An electrical filter device (20) is arranged between the converter and the machine. The electrical machine is designed as a permanently-excited synchronous machine or induction machine.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Steuern des Leistungsflusses in einem Kraftfahrzeug gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 1. Überdies betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ein Kraftfahrzeug gemäß Patentanspruch 8.The present invention relates to a device for controlling the power flow in a motor vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1. Moreover, the present invention relates to a motor vehicle according to claim 8.

Elektrofahrzeuge bzw. Hybridfahrzeuge werden mit einer elektrischen Maschine angetrieben. Zu deren Energieversorgung umfassen die Kraftfahrzeuge einen elektrischen Energiespeicher, der beispielsweise als Batterie ausgebildet sein kann. Die Leistung der elektrischen Maschine wird durch die Batterie limitiert, da die an der elektrischen Maschine anliegende Leiter-Leiter-Spannung nicht größer werden darf als die Batteriespannung. Dies hat den Grund, dass zum Betrieb der elektrischen Maschine nach dem heutigen Stand der Technik ausschließlich ein Umrichter mit Spannungszwischenkreis als Leistungsglied eingesetzt wird. Hierdurch entsteht der Feldschwächbetrieb für die elektrische Maschine. In diesem Fall ist es nicht mehr möglich, höhere Stromstärken in die elektrische Maschine bei hohen Drehzahlen einzuprägen, obwohl die Batterie derartige Ströme liefern könnte.Electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles are driven by an electric machine. To the energy supply, the motor vehicles include an electrical energy storage, which may be formed for example as a battery. The power of the electric machine is limited by the battery, since the voltage applied to the electrical machine conductor-conductor voltage must not be greater than the battery voltage. This has the reason that only one converter with voltage intermediate circuit is used as a power element for operating the electrical machine according to the current state of the art. This creates the field weakening operation for the electric machine. In this case, it is no longer possible to impress higher currents into the electric machine at high speeds, although the battery could deliver such currents.

In der unveröffentlichten Patentanmeldung der Anmelderin mit dem amtlichen Aktenzeichen DE 10 2012 007 158.2 ist die Verwendung eines Umrichters mit Stromzwischenkreis in Kombination mit einem Tiefsetzsteller beschrieben. Durch den Einsatz eines Umrichters mit Stromzwischenkreis kann grundsätzlich das Problem der Spannungsgrenze, die durch die Batteriespannung definiert ist, umgangen werden. Der dort beschriebene Umrichter mit Zwischenstromkreis besteht aus sechs Bipolartransistoren mit isolierter Gate-Elektrode (IGBT) mit jeweils einer in Reihe geschalteten Diode, um einen Stromfluss in Richtung der Batterie bei einer negativ anliegenden Spannung an den Leistungsschaltern zu verhindern. Dabei gewährleistet der Tiefsetzsteller, dass der für die Drehmomentanforderung notwendige Strom sichergestellt ist.In the unpublished patent application of the applicant with the official file number DE 10 2012 007 158.2 describes the use of an inverter with current intermediate circuit in combination with a buck converter. The use of an inverter with intermediate current circuit can basically circumvent the problem of the voltage limit, which is defined by the battery voltage. The intermediate circuit converter described therein consists of six insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), each with a diode connected in series, to prevent current flow in the direction of the battery when the circuit breakers have a negative voltage. The step-down converter ensures that the current required for the torque request is ensured.

In diesem Zusammenhang beschreibt die US 2009/0251000 A1 eine Vorrichtung zum Wandeln elektrischer Energie für ein Kraftfahrzeug. Die Vorrichtung umfasst zwei elektrische Maschinen mit jeweiligen Stromzwischenkreisumrichtern. Der Umrichter umfasst mehrere IGBTs mit antiparallelen Dioden.In this context, the describes US 2009/0251000 A1 a device for converting electrical energy for a motor vehicle. The device comprises two electrical machines with respective power source inverters. The drive includes several IGBTs with anti-parallel diodes.

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Vorrichtung zum Steuern eines Energieflusses in einem Kraftfahrzeug bereitzustellen, mittels welcher das Kraftfahrzeug effizienter betrieben werden kann.It is an object of the present invention to provide a device for controlling an energy flow in a motor vehicle, by means of which the motor vehicle can be operated more efficiently.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 und durch ein Kraftfahrzeug mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 8 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der vorliegenden Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This object is achieved by a device having the features of patent claim 1 and by a motor vehicle having the features of patent claim 8. Advantageous developments of the present invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Steuern eines Energieflusses in einem Kraftfahrzeug umfasst einen elektrischen Energiespeicher zum Abgeben von elektrischer Energie, eine elektrische Maschine zum Antreiben des Kraftfahrzeugs und einen Umrichter zum Bereitstellen einer elektrischen Energie zum Antreiben der elektrischen Maschine aus der von dem elektrischen Energiespeicher abgegebenen elektrischen Energie, wobei der Umrichter eine Mehrzahl von elektrischen Schaltelementen umfasst und wobei die elektrischen Schaltelemente des Umrichters jeweils als rückswärtsperrende Bipolartransistoren mit isolierter Gate-Elektrode ausgebildet sind.The device according to the invention for controlling an energy flow in a motor vehicle comprises an electrical energy store for outputting electrical energy, an electric machine for driving the motor vehicle and a converter for providing an electrical energy for driving the electric machine from the electrical energy delivered by the electrical energy store, wherein the inverter comprises a plurality of electrical switching elements and wherein the electrical switching elements of the inverter are each formed as a reverse-blocking bipolar transistors with insulated gate electrode.

Die Vorrichtung umfasst einen elektrischen Energiespeicher, der bevorzugt als Batterie bzw. als Akkumulator ausgebildet ist. Mit dem elektrischen Energiespeicher kann eine Gleichspannung und ein Gleichstrom bereitgestellt werden. Die von dem elektrischen Energiespeicher abgegebene Gleichspannung kann mit einem Umrichter in eine Wechselspannung, insbesondere eine dreiphasige Wechselspannung, gewandelt werden. Zu diesem Zweck umfasst der Umrichter eine Mehrzahl von elektrischen Schaltelementen, die beispielsweise eine entsprechende Brückenschaltung bilden. Vorliegend sind die Schaltelemente als rückwärtssperrende Bipolartransistoren mit isolierter Gate-Elektrode (IGBT) ausgebildet. Durch die Verwendung der rückwärtssperrenden IGBTs kann auf die sonst in Reihe geschalteten Dioden verzichtet werden. Somit können Bauteile eingespart werden. Zudem kann dadurch eine bauraumsparende Anordnung der Vorrichtung ermöglicht werden. Des Weiteren können durch die Verwendung von rückwärtssperrenden IGBTs die Schalt- und Durchlassverluste des Umrichters reduziert werden.The device comprises an electrical energy store, which is preferably designed as a battery or as an accumulator. With the electrical energy storage, a DC voltage and a DC current can be provided. The DC voltage delivered by the electrical energy store can be converted by means of a converter into an AC voltage, in particular a three-phase AC voltage. For this purpose, the converter comprises a plurality of electrical switching elements which form, for example, a corresponding bridge circuit. In the present case, the switching elements are designed as reverse-blocking bipolar transistors with insulated gate electrode (IGBT). The use of the backward blocking IGBTs makes it possible to dispense with the otherwise series-connected diodes. Thus, components can be saved. In addition, a space-saving arrangement of the device can be made possible thereby. Furthermore, the use of reverse blocking IGBTs can reduce the switching and forward losses of the drive.

Bevorzugt ist der Umrichter als Zwischenkreisumrichter ausgebildet. Insbesondere umfasst der Umrichter eine Induktivität, in der elektrische Energie zwischengespeichert werden kann. Somit kann ein effizienter Betrieb der Vorrichtung ermöglicht werden.Preferably, the inverter is designed as a DC link converter. In particular, the converter comprises an inductance in which electrical energy can be temporarily stored. Thus, efficient operation of the device can be enabled.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform umfasst die Vorrichtung einen Gleichspannungswandler, der zwischen den elektrischen Energiespeicher und den Umrichter geschaltet ist. Bevorzugt ist der Gleichspannungswandler als asymmetrische Halbbrücke ausgebildet. Durch einen Gleichspannungswandler bzw. einen DC-DC-Wandler, der als asymmetrische Halbbrücke ausgebildet ist, kann die Funktion der Vorrichtung im Rekuperationsbetrieb der elektrischen Maschine sichergestellt werden.In a further embodiment, the device comprises a DC-DC converter, which is connected between the electrical energy storage and the inverter. Preferably, the DC-DC converter is designed as asymmetric half-bridge. By a DC-DC converter or a DC-DC converter, which is designed as asymmetric half-bridge, the function of the device can be ensured in the recuperation of the electric machine.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung umfasst die Vorrichtung eine elektrische Filtereinrichtung, die zwischen den Umrichter und die elektrische Maschine geschaltet ist. Bevorzugt umfasst die elektrische Filtereinrichtung zumindest einen Kondensator. Insbesondere umfasst die Filtereinrichtung für jede Phase einen Kondensator. Mit der Filtereinrichtung kann die von dem Umrichter bereitgestellte elektrische Spannung bzw. der von dem Umrichter bereitgestellte elektrische Strom entsprechend gefiltert werden, so dass sowohl sinusförmige elektrische Spannungen als auch Ströme zur Versorgung für die elektrische Maschine bereitgestellt werden können. In a further embodiment, the device comprises an electrical filter device which is connected between the converter and the electric machine. The electrical filter device preferably comprises at least one capacitor. In particular, the filter device comprises a capacitor for each phase. With the filter device, the electrical voltage provided by the converter or the electrical current provided by the converter can be filtered accordingly, so that both sinusoidal electrical voltages and currents for supplying power to the electric machine can be provided.

In einer Ausführungsform ist die elektrische Maschine als permanenterregte Synchronmaschine ausgebildet. Eine permanenterregte Synchronmaschine zeichnet sich durch eine hohe Leistungsdichte aus.In one embodiment, the electric machine is designed as a permanent magnet synchronous machine. A permanent magnet synchronous machine is characterized by a high power density.

Alternativ dazu kann die elektrische Maschine als Induktionsmaschine ausgebildet sein. Beispielsweise kann die elektrische Maschine als Asynchronmaschine ausgebildet sein. Eine Induktionsmaschine zeichnet sich durch eine günstige und robuste Bauweise aus.Alternatively, the electric machine may be formed as an induction machine. For example, the electric machine may be formed as an asynchronous machine. An induction machine is characterized by a cheap and robust design.

Das erfindungsgemäße Kraftfahrzeug umfasst die zuvor beschriebene erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung.The motor vehicle according to the invention comprises the device according to the invention described above.

Die vorliegende Erfindung wird nun anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen näher erläutert.The present invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Dabei zeigen:Showing:

1 eine Vorrichtung zum Steuern des Leistungsflusses in einem Kraftfahrzeug gemäß dem Stand der Technik; 1 a device for controlling the power flow in a motor vehicle according to the prior art;

2 eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Steuern des Leistungsflusses in einem Kraftfahrzeug; und 2 an inventive device for controlling the power flow in a motor vehicle; and

3 ein Diagramm in dem der Verläufe der Drehzahl von elektrischen Maschinen in Abhängigkeit vom Drehmoment dargestellt sind. 3 a diagram in which the progressions of the rotational speed of electric machines in dependence on the torque are shown.

Die nachfolgend näher geschilderten Ausführungsbeispiele stellen bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Erfindung dar.The embodiments described in more detail below represent preferred embodiments of the present invention.

1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer Vorrichtung 10 zum Steuern des Leistungsflusses in einem Kraftfahrzeug gemäß dem Stand der Technik. Die Vorrichtung 10 umfasst einen elektrischen Energiespeicher 12, der beispielsweise als Batterie bzw. Akkumulator ausgebildet sein kann. Des Weiteren umfasst die Vorrichtung 10 einen Umrichter 14, der mit dem elektrischen Energiespeicher 12 elektrisch verbunden ist. Zudem umfasst die Vorrichtung 10 eine elektrische Maschine 16, die elektrisch mit dem Umrichter 14 verbunden ist. Die elektrische Maschine 16 dient zum Antreiben eines Kraftfahrzeugs. 1 shows a schematic representation of a device 10 for controlling the power flow in a motor vehicle according to the prior art. The device 10 includes an electrical energy storage 12 , which may be formed for example as a battery or accumulator. Furthermore, the device comprises 10 an inverter 14 that with the electrical energy storage 12 electrically connected. In addition, the device includes 10 an electric machine 16 that is electrically connected to the inverter 14 connected is. The electric machine 16 serves for driving a motor vehicle.

Der Umrichter 14 kann beispielsweise als Pulswechselrichter mit Spannungszwischenkreis ausgebildet sein. Im Betrieb der elektrischen Maschine 16 ist die von dem elektrischen Energiespeicher 12 bereitgestellte elektrische Spannung ein limitierender Faktor, da sichergestellt werden muss, dass die an der elektrischen Maschine 16 anliegende Leiter-Leiter-Spannung die Batteriespannung nicht übersteigt. Um diese Spannungsgrenze zu halten, muss die elektrische Maschine 16 im Feldschwächbetrieb betrieben werden. Dadurch wird die Leistung, die die elektrische Maschine 16 abgeben kann, limitiert.The inverter 14 can be designed for example as a pulse inverter with voltage intermediate circuit. In operation of the electric machine 16 is that of the electrical energy storage 12 provided electrical voltage is a limiting factor, since it must be ensured that the electrical machine 16 applied conductor-conductor voltage does not exceed the battery voltage. To keep this voltage limit, the electric machine must 16 be operated in field weakening operation. This will increase the power of the electric machine 16 can give, limited.

2 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer Vorrichtung 10 zum Steuern des Leistungsflusses in einem Kraftfahrzeug. Die Vorrichtung 10 umfasst einen elektrischen Energiespeicher 12 in Form einer Batterie. Von dem elektrischen Energiespeicher 12 wird eine Gleichspannung UDC und ein Gleichstrom IBatt bereitgestellt. Des Weiteren umfasst die Vorrichtung 10 eine elektrische Maschine 16, die vorliegend als dreiphasige elektrische Maschine ausgebildet ist. Die elektrische Maschine 16 kann als permanenterregte Synchronmaschine oder als Induktionsmaschine ausgebildet sein. Die jeweiligen Wicklungen der elektrischen Maschine sind vorliegend jeweils als Induktivität La, Lb und Lc mit dazu in Serie geschaltetem Erregerwiderstand Ra, Rb und Rc modelliert. Des Weiteren umfasst die Vorrichtung 10 einen Umrichter 14, der vorliegend sechs Schaltelemente S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 und S6 umfasst, die eine Brückenschaltung bilden. Der Umrichter 14 ist als Stromzwischenkreisumrichter ausgebildet und umfasst eine Induktivität LDC als Zwischenspeicherelement, durch die der Strom IL,DC fließt. 2 shows a schematic representation of a device 10 for controlling the power flow in a motor vehicle. The device 10 includes an electrical energy storage 12 in the form of a battery. From the electrical energy storage 12 a DC voltage U DC and a DC I Batt is provided. Furthermore, the device comprises 10 an electric machine 16 , which is designed here as a three-phase electric machine. The electric machine 16 can be designed as a permanent magnet synchronous machine or as an induction machine. In the present case, the respective windings of the electric machine are each modeled as inductance L a , L b and L c with excitation resistance R a , R b and R c connected in series therewith. Furthermore, the device comprises 10 an inverter 14 , which in the present case comprises six switching elements S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 and S6, which form a bridge circuit. The inverter 14 is designed as Stromzwischenkreisumrichter and includes an inductance L DC as a buffer element through which the current I L, DC flows.

Darüber hinaus umfasst die Vorrichtung 10 einen Gleichspannungswandler 18, der elektrisch zwischen den elektrischen Energiespeicher 12 und den Umrichter 14 geschaltet ist. Der Gleichspannungswandler 18 ist vorliegend als asymmetrische Halbbrücke ausgebildet. Somit kann der Rekuperationsbetrieb der elektrischen Maschine 16 sichergestellt werden, in dem von der elektrischen Maschine 16 elektrische Energie an den elektrischen Energiespeicher 12 abgegeben wird. Zudem umfasst die Vorrichtung 10 eine elektrische Filtereinrichtung 20. Die elektrische Filtereinrichtung 20 umfasst vorliegend drei Kondensatoren Ca, Cb und Cc. Damit können die jeweils durch die drei Phasen fließenden elektrischen Ströme iCSI,a, iCSI,b und iCSI,c sowie die an den drei Phasen anliegenden elektrischen Spannungen ua, ub und uc gefiltert werden.In addition, the device includes 10 a DC-DC converter 18 that electrically connects between the electrical energy storage 12 and the inverter 14 is switched. The DC-DC converter 18 is presently designed as asymmetric half-bridge. Thus, the recuperation operation of the electric machine 16 be assured in the of the electric machine 16 electrical energy to the electrical energy storage 12 is delivered. In addition, the device includes 10 an electric filter device 20 , The electric filter device 20 in the present case comprises three capacitors C a , C b and C c . In this way, the electrical currents i CSI, a , i CSI, b and i CSI, c flowing through the three phases as well as the electrical voltages u a , u b and u c applied to the three phases can be filtered.

3 zeig ein Diagramm 22, in dem der Verlauf des Drehmoments einer elektrischen Maschine 16 in Abhängigkeit von einer Drehzahl dargestellt ist. Dabei ist auf der Ordinate 24 die Drehzahl und auf der Abszisse 26 das Drehmoment aufgetragen. Das Diagramm 22 zeigt das Ergebnis einer Simulation einer elektrischen Maschine 16 beim dynamischen Hochlaufen unter Volllast. Dabei zeigt die Kurve 28 den Verlauf des Drehmoments in Abhängigkeit von der Drehzahl für eine elektrische Maschine 16, die mit einer Vorrichtung 10 gemäß dem Stand der Technik angetrieben wird. Im Vergleich dazu zeigt die Kurve 30 den Verlauf des Drehmoments in Abhängigkeit der Drehzahl einer elektrischen Maschine 16, die mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 10 betrieben wird. 3 show a diagram 22 in which the course of the torque of an electrical machine 16 is shown as a function of a speed. It is on the ordinate 24 the speed and on the abscissa 26 the torque applied. The diagram 22 shows the result of a simulation of an electric machine 16 during dynamic ramp-up under full load. The curve shows 28 the course of the torque as a function of the speed for an electrical machine 16 that with a device 10 is driven according to the prior art. In comparison, the curve shows 30 the course of the torque as a function of the speed of an electrical machine 16 that with a device according to the invention 10 is operated.

Die Leistung der elektrischen Maschine 16, die mit einer Vorrichtung 10 gemäß dem Stand der Technik betrieben wird, wird durch die Spannung der elektrischen Energiequelle UDC begrenzt. Diese Spannung kann durch eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung, die einen Umrichter 14 mit Stromzwischenkreis bestehend aus rückwärtssperrenden IGBTs S1 bis S6 und einer asymmetrischen Halbbrücke als Gleichspannungswandler 18 umfasst, erhöht werden. Dabei hängt die Performancegrenze der elektrischen Maschine 16, die mit einem Stromzwischenkreisumrichter betrieben wird, von dem verfügbaren Batteriestrom IBatt und der maximal möglichen Sperrspannung der eingesetzten Leistungsschalter ab. Durch Einsatz der rückwärtssperrenden IGBTs werden die in Reihe geschalteten Dioden eingespart, somit verringern sich die Verluste im Umrichter 14 sowie Kosten, Volumen und Gewicht.The performance of the electric machine 16 that with a device 10 is operated according to the prior art, is limited by the voltage of the electric power source U DC . This voltage can be achieved by a device according to the invention, which is a converter 14 with current intermediate circuit consisting of reverse-blocking IGBTs S1 to S6 and an asymmetric half-bridge as a DC-DC converter 18 includes, be increased. The performance limit of the electric machine depends on this 16 , which is operated with a power source inverter, from the available battery current I Batt and the maximum possible reverse voltage of the circuit breaker used. By using the backward blocking IGBTs, the diodes connected in series are saved, thus reducing the losses in the inverter 14 as well as costs, volume and weight.

Durch den Einsatz einer asymmetrischen Halbbrücke als Gleichspannungswandler 18 wird die Funktion des Rekuperationsbetriebs ermöglicht. Zudem kann das Verhältnis zwischen dem elektrischen Strom IL,DC, der durch die Spule LDC fließt, und dem von dem elektrischen Energiespeicher 12 bereitgestellten Strom IBatt gezielt beeinflusst werden. Darüber hinaus kann mit dem Gleichspannungswandler 18 eine Tiefsetzfunktion zur Bereitstellung eines hohen Zwischenkreisstromes bereitgestellt werden.Through the use of an asymmetric half-bridge as DC-DC converter 18 the function of recuperation operation is enabled. In addition, the ratio between the electric current I L, DC flowing through the coil L DC , and that of the electrical energy storage 12 provided power I Batt be influenced. In addition, with the DC-DC converter 18 a step down function for providing a high DC link current can be provided.

Der Umrichter 14 mit Stromzwischenkreis bestehend aus rückwärtssperrenden IGBTs S1 bis S6 funktioniert nach dem Prinzip eines Hochsetzstellers.The inverter 14 with current intermediate circuit consisting of backward blocking IGBTs S1 to S6 works on the principle of a boost converter.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1010
Vorrichtungcontraption
1212
Energiespeicherenergy storage
1414
Umrichterinverter
1616
elektrische Maschineelectric machine
1818
GleichspannungswandlerDC converter
2020
Filtereinrichtungfilter device
2222
Diagrammdiagram
2424
Abszisseabscissa
2626
Ordinateordinate
28, 3028, 30
KurveCurve
Ca, Cb, Cc C a , C b , C c
Kondensatorcapacitor
La, Lb, Lc LDC L a , L b , L c L DC
SpuleKitchen sink
IBatt I batt
Stromelectricity
IL,DC I L, DC
Stromelectricity
iCSI,a, iCSI,b, iCSI,c i CSI, a , i CSI, b , i CSI, c
Stromelectricity
Ra, Rb, Rc R a , R b , R c
Widerstandresistance
S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6
Schaltelementswitching element
UDC U DC
Spannungtension
ua, ub, uc u a , u b , u c
Spannungtension

ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature

  • DE 102012007158 [0003] DE 102012007158 [0003]
  • US 2009/0251000 A1 [0004] US 2009/0251000 A1 [0004]

Claims (8)

Vorrichtung (10) zum Steuern eines Energieflusses in einem Kraftfahrzeug mit – einem elektrischen Energiespeicher (12) zum Abgeben von elektrischer Energie, – einer elektrischen Maschine (16) zum Antreiben des Kraftfahrzeugs und – einem Umrichter (14) zum Bereitstellen einer elektrischen Energie zum Antreiben der elektrischen Maschine (16) aus der von dem elektrischen Energiespeicher (12) abgegebenen elektrischen Energie, wobei – der Umrichter (14) eine Mehrzahl von elektrischen Schaltelementen (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6) umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass – die elektrischen Schaltelemente (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6) des Umrichters (14) jeweils als rückwärtssperrende Bipolartransistoren mit isolierter Gate-Elektrode ausgebildet sind.Contraption ( 10 ) for controlling an energy flow in a motor vehicle with - an electrical energy store ( 12 ) for discharging electrical energy, - an electric machine ( 16 ) for driving the motor vehicle and - an inverter ( 14 ) for providing an electrical energy for driving the electric machine ( 16 ) from the of the electrical energy storage ( 12 ) emitted electrical energy, wherein - the inverter ( 14 ) comprises a plurality of electrical switching elements (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6), characterized in that - the electrical switching elements (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6) of the converter ( 14 ) are respectively formed as back-blocking bipolar transistors with insulated gate electrode. Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Umrichter (14) als Stromzwischenkreisumrichter ausgebildet ist.Contraption ( 10 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the converter ( 14 ) is designed as Stromzwischenkreisumrichter. Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung (10) einen Gleichspannungswandler (18) umfasst, der zwischen den elektrischen Energiespeicher (12) und den Umrichter (14) geschaltet ist.Contraption ( 10 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the device ( 10 ) a DC-DC converter ( 18 ), which is between the electrical energy storage ( 12 ) and the inverter ( 14 ) is switched. Vorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Gleichspannungswandler (18) als asymmetrische Halbbrücke ausgebildet ist.Contraption ( 10 ) according to claim 3, characterized in that the DC-DC converter ( 18 ) is designed as asymmetric half-bridge. Vorrichtung (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung (10) eine elektrische Filtereinrichtung (20) umfasst, die zwischen den Umrichter (14) und die elektrische Maschine (16) geschaltet ist.Contraption ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device ( 10 ) an electrical filter device ( 20 ) between the inverters ( 14 ) and the electric machine ( 16 ) is switched. Vorrichtung (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrische Maschine (16) als permanenterregte Synchronmaschine ausgebildet ist.Contraption ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electric machine ( 16 ) is designed as a permanent magnet synchronous machine. Vorrichtung (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrische Maschine (16) als Induktionsmaschine ausgebildet ist.Contraption ( 10 ) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the electric machine ( 16 ) is designed as induction machine. Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Vorrichtung (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche.Motor vehicle with a device ( 10 ) according to any one of the preceding claims.
DE201310014388 2013-08-30 2013-08-30 Device for controlling energy flux in motor vehicle, has energy storage, and converter comprising electrical switching elements, where switching elements are designed as backward-closing bipolar transistors with insulating gate electrodes Withdrawn DE102013014388A1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015016932A1 (en) 2015-12-24 2016-08-11 Daimler Ag Electrical system for an electrically driven motor vehicle
DE102015016933A1 (en) 2015-12-24 2016-08-11 Daimler Ag Electrical system for an electrically driven motor vehicle

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090251000A1 (en) 2008-04-03 2009-10-08 Gui-Jia Su Power conversion apparatus and method
DE102012007158A1 (en) 2012-04-07 2013-10-10 Daimler Ag Device for controlling power flow in motor vehicle e.g. motor car, has switching device that separates electric drive from bidirectionally operable inverter and connects inverter with charging terminal device based on control signal

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090251000A1 (en) 2008-04-03 2009-10-08 Gui-Jia Su Power conversion apparatus and method
DE102012007158A1 (en) 2012-04-07 2013-10-10 Daimler Ag Device for controlling power flow in motor vehicle e.g. motor car, has switching device that separates electric drive from bidirectionally operable inverter and connects inverter with charging terminal device based on control signal

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015016932A1 (en) 2015-12-24 2016-08-11 Daimler Ag Electrical system for an electrically driven motor vehicle
DE102015016933A1 (en) 2015-12-24 2016-08-11 Daimler Ag Electrical system for an electrically driven motor vehicle

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