DE102013006149A1 - Process for the collection and storage of solar energy for the production of electricity and for the absorption and storage of solar heat for further use for the functional optimization of heat pumps for the heating of buildings, including at temperature - Google Patents

Abstract

A process for the absorption and storage of heat generated by solar radiation for further use for preheating the supply air for air-air heat pumps (5) operated by a PV system (10) to ensure their optimal function even at outside temperatures of below + 5 ° C to –20 ° C and thus eliminates the need for an electrical heat register integrated in the heat pumps and further that stored warm or cold air can be fed into the air heating system of a building as required, by having the air in a winter garden (1) which is part of a building, is warmed up, collects at the highest point of the winter garden (1) and is conducted at a predetermined temperature through a pipe duct system (2.1) attached here into a heat accumulator arranged in the basement of a building.

Description

The subject of the application for a patent is a seasonal process for the collection and storage of solar energy for the production of electricity and hot air for further use in the operation and functional optimization of air / air heat pumps for the heating of buildings even at outside temperatures below + 5 ° C to -20 ° C.

The seasonally regulated process functions as a disposable system such that when solar radiation is generated in a conservatory during temperate seasons, it is directed to a piping system located at the highest point of a conservatory. Thermostats regulate the intake of hot or cold air according to a pre-set temperature. According to a seasonal scheme, either warm or cold air is supplied to a reservoir of earth, stone or sand, which is located in the bottom or in the basement of a building. (Annex 1 + 2)

During the seasons of spring, summer and autumn warm air is supplied to the storage. With the help of a ventilation system, which is operated by a PV system, the warm air flows through the storage tank and transfers the heat to it. This hot air is supplied to the heat exchanger of an air / air heat pump as needed during the coldest months of the year to ensure the optimal function of the heat pump even at outside temperatures below + 5 ° C and further down to -20 ° C. This method eliminates the need for an electrically operated heater in a heat pump and allows the heating of a building to be operated without external supply of electricity.

When the hot air cylinder cools down in the upper part in the spring, the method makes it possible to use the cold air for cooling a building if necessary. (Appendix 4)

Comments on known technique

US 4139321 This form of storage of warm or cold air in a place outside the building, which is to benefit from the supply of warm or cold air, appears to be in the first place to be low in volume to accumulate enough heat or cold to the Heating or heating needs of a larger building.

Moreover, the main difference between my arrangement of the heat storage and that of the US 4139321 that the natural heat loss in the winter is not the building to be heated to good as my placement is the case.

US 4051891 The arrangement shown has certain basic similarities with my proposal for heat storage. The glass wall, the warm air intake and the transport of hot air into the heat storage are located within the building, but again, the appropriate relationship between the volume of the heat storage and the volume of the building to be heated over the winter period is not given. The biggest difference to US 4051891 is that in my proposal, the stored heat is fed exclusively to a heat pump to maintain their function during the cold season.

US 4127973 This arrangement shows no major differences US 4139321 and US 4051891 ,

Common to all three is the short storage life of heat.

Zero Emission Building (ZEB) i combined with plus energy construction or Intake and storage of hot air for year-round use of air / air heat pumps for heating

introduction

The following describes a system how the use of solar heat to produce electricity, hot air and hot water can put a building in the zero emission building and plus energy categories.

Using the example of a small apartment building with 42 residential units with living areas of about 30 to 40 m ² , the function of this combination of existing devices and modules will be described.

The construction of the building complies with the requirements for the category of passive house regarding thermal insulation and airtightness.

• 1) Eine Photo-Voltaik-Anlage
• 2) Eine Batterie-Zentrale
• 3) Wohnungseigene Wintergärten
• 4) Ein Rohrkanal-System für Warmluft
• 5) Ein Wärme-Speicher
• 6) Eine Rohrkanal-Verästelung im Wärmespeicher
• 7) Luft/Luft-Wärmepumpen
• 8) Eine Solar-Thermie-Anlage

The combination consists of the following components:

• 1) A photo-voltaic system
• 2) A battery control panel
• 3) Apartment conservatories
• 4) A duct system for hot air
• 5) A heat storage
• 6) A pipe channel branching in the heat accumulator
• 7) Air / air heat pumps
• 8) A solar thermal system

The 12 V PV system generates the necessary electrical energy to operate a ventilation and an air heating system for the residential building.

The battery control panels in the attic store the generated electrical energy.

The apartment's own conservatories and a roof conservatory generate the warm air generated during the sun's rays.

The duct system begins in the conservatories where it receives the hot air at a specified temperature and passes through an installation shaft in the basement of the building.

The hot air storage in the basement of the house consists of a storage mass with high heat storage capacity. Sand, gravel or similar from the excavation masses of the construction site can alternatively be used.

The pipe duct branching distributes the heat in the storage of the heat store and ensures a uniform distribution of hot air and release of heat to the surrounding storage mass.

The air / air heat pumps form the heart of the system. Each heat pump can heat approx 220 m ^{2 of} living space and are installed in the attic of the building.

The solar thermal system ensures the provision of service water. The system is connected to a hot water tank which can support both the air heating and the air / air heat pumps as needed.

functionality

On the south facade of the building a PV system is integrated into the facade construction. The capacity of the plant covers the need for electricity to operate an air heater and a ventilation system.

The electricity is stored in a battery center in the attic.

Conservatories on the south side of the house are planned for each residential unit of the residential building.

The winter gardens have an area of about 10 m ² and a volume of about 25 m ³ .

When the desired temperature has been reached when heated by solar radiation, a thermostat ensures that a fume hood located at the highest point of the conservatory removes hot air and guides it through ducts into the warm air storage in the basement.

Sufficient hot air can be stored in the heat storage tank over the seasons spring, summer and autumn in order to have enough warm air available for the winter and to ensure the optimum function of an air heat pump system throughout the year.

In spring, when the storage tank has cooled off, it is possible, if required, to supply cool air to the dwelling units through the one-way system.

In the heat storage flows from the conservatories sucked warm air flows through various staggered pipe duct ramifications in which the heat is released to the storage mass.

During the warm seasons, initially the air in the upper branches of the pipes is cooled down and will cool the ground floor floor in the event of a heat wave. Even in the apartments, the cooled air can be used as cooling via the air / air heat pumps.

During the cold season, the stored heat in the store should be supplied to the air / air heat pump as needed to ensure the optimal function of the heat pump.

There is no heating in the ground floor rooms. The ceiling above the basement is provided with a lower thermal insulation than usual, so that in this way the floor on the ground floor is kept by the natural heat transmission at a comfortable temperature.

The flow through the pipe system runs through the year in one direction. In the spring, when the air storage warehouse has cooled down again and the sun warms again, the process starts all over again.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• US 4139321 [0005, 0006, 0008]
• US 4051891 [0007, 0007, 0008]
• US 4127973 [0008]

Claims (8)

A method for receiving and storing heat generated by solar radiation for further use for preheating the supply air for by a PV system ( 10 ) battery powered ( 12 ) Air / air heat pumps ( 5 ) to allow their optimum function even at outside temperatures of below + 5 ° C to -20 ° C, thus eliminating the need for an electrical heat register integrated in the heat pumps and further that stored hot or cold air is routed into the air heating system of a building as needed can be achieved by allowing the air in a conservatory ( 1 ), which is part of a building, is warmed up, at the highest point of the conservatory ( 1 ) and at a predetermined temperature through a pipe channel system ( 2.1 ) is directed into a arranged in the basement of a building heat storage. Method for receiving and storing solar radiation Heat according to claim 1, for further use as preheating for the fresh air for air / air heat pumps, characterized in that the warm fluid in a separate, thermally insulated ventilation system ( 8th ), but is sucked together with other domestic piping installations in a conventional, vertical installation shaft and a heat-storing layer ( 9 ) is supplied in the basement or in the founding of a building. Method for receiving and storing solar radiation generated heat according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hot fluid in a heat-storing layer ( 9 ) is passed, which consists either of excavated masses from the construction site of a new building, or if the excavated masses are not suitable, from supplied sand, gravel or other corresponding mineral materials that have a high heat storage capacity. Method for receiving and storing heat generated by solar radiation according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the enclosing surfaces ( 15 ) of the heat storage such as basement outer walls and basement floor are sufficiently thermally insulated with the exception of the basement ceiling ( 14 ) or of the floor on the ground floor of a building, which intentionally lower thermal insulation capacity and thus has a side effect higher thermal conductivity and thus contributes to the fact that the floor ( 14 ) above the heat storage ( 9 ) of a building is tempered and thus can be dispensed with a heater in this floor. Method for receiving and storing heat generated by solar radiation according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the hot fluid is first introduced into the lower layer of the piping system ( 8th ) of the heat accumulator ( 9 ), which consists of a plurality of horizontally stacked air channels, is introduced and then from the uppermost layer ( 8.1 ), after release of the heat to the heat storage layer, is discharged again. A method for receiving and storing hot air generated by solar radiation, characterized in that, in accordance with the preceding claims, the stored hot fluid is passed through a conventional vertical installation shaft, if necessary, into the heat pump space in the DG of a building to supply the air / air heat pumps ( 5 ) at outside temperatures of below + 5 ° C up to about -20 ° C to ensure the optimal function. Method according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the uptake, storage and removal of heat is dependent on the weather conditions of the different seasons and that during the seasons spring, summer and fall the heat from the warm fluid in the memory ( 9 ) and, at the same time, the cold residual air from the winter season may be used to cool a building in the event of heat waves, and during winter the stored heat may be supplied to the air / air heat pumps as required. A method according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the hot air system during all seasons the hot or cold air exclusively leads in one direction, starting in the conservatories of a building, in the heat storage, then to the air / air heat pumps and finally after removal of the Heat is directed to the outside, whereby only the intensity of the solar radiation, the air temperature in the winter gardens and the demand of the air / air heat pumps on hot air are determining.

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