DE102012220584A1 - Electrical system mounted in vehicle e.g. hybrid vehicle, has first pole row whose poles are provided with respect to device number of poles in second pole row - Google Patents

Abstract

The system (10) has a two-pole electrical machine (12) which is provided with poles (20,22). Electrical machine is connected with poles through connection (32). The electrical machine is arranged in layers of a geometric series of devices (18). The poles of the electrical equipment form pole rows (24,26) that are provided along the series of devices. The poles of the first pole row are provided with respect to the device number of the poles in the second pole row.

Description

Field of the invention

The invention relates to an electrical system and an energy store.

Background of the invention

Both in stationary applications (for example in wind turbines) and in vehicles (for example in hybrid and electric vehicles), it is increasingly possible to use new battery systems which are subject to very high reliability requirements. The background to these high requirements may be that a failure of the battery can lead to a failure of the entire system (for example, in an electric vehicle, a failure of the traction battery usually leads to the vehicle) or other problems can cause (for example, wind turbines are used batteries in order to protect the system from impermissible operating conditions in a strong wind by a rotor blade adjustment).

In order to achieve the required power and energy data with the battery system, typically individual battery cells are connected in series. Here, the individual battery cells are connected in series by conductive connections (e.g., cables or copper bars). In addition, a measuring electronics have the task of detecting the voltages of the individual battery cells.

Summary of the invention

In these electrical systems, the problem may arise that at large electrical currents flowing through such a system, large magnetic fields arise that can interfere with a nearby arranged measuring electronics. In general, analogy can apply to series-connected current sources and loads, in the vicinity of which electronics are arranged, which can be disturbed by magnetic fields.

It is an object of the invention to make electrical systems with high currents less susceptible to interference. This can be done by reducing the total magnetic field generated by the currents flowing through the electrical system.

This object is solved by the subject matter of the independent claims. Further embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and from the following description.

One aspect of the invention relates to an electrical system that can form, for example, an energy store in the form of a plurality of batteries and / or accumulators.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the electrical system comprises a plurality of two-pole electrical devices (for example batteries and / or accumulators), each having a first pole and a second pole. The electrical devices are electrically connected in series via connections from a first pole to a second pole. Such connections may include, for example, cables and / or rails. The electrical devices are arranged in layers geometrically in a device array, wherein the first and second poles of the electrical devices form a first pole row and a second pole row of poles, which are arranged along the device series.

A first (or second) pole of a first electrical device from the first row of poles is electrically connected to a second (or first) pole of a second device with respect to the device series after the second electrical device. In particular, a plurality of poles may each be electrically connected to a next but one pole of the second pole row. The currents in the respective electrical connections thus run at least in sections essentially in opposite directions, so that the resulting magnetic fields reduce each other. The electrical system includes a plurality of electrical connections with (geometrically) countercurrent flows.

By a possible anti-parallel arrangement of the lines resulting from currents magnetic fields can be largely eliminated.

The electrical system can be designed as a device pack or battery pack. The pole rows can be arranged on one side of the electrical system, so that it is possible, for example, to attach the complete wiring on this side. This can allow a very compact structure. There are further advantages in the assembly, since the electrical system can be modular.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a first main pole for the electrical system is provided by a first electrical device with regard to the device series and a second main pole by a second electrical device with respect to the device series. For example, these main poles can be connected to an external load / power source.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a last electrical device with respect to the device series and an electrical device penultimate with regard to the device series are electrically connected to one another. The electrical devices can form two stacks, wherein an electrical device is arranged from the other stack between two electrical devices from the first stack. Only at one end, the two stacks can be electrically connected to each other.

According to one embodiment of the invention, all the electrical devices except the last electrical device and the penultimate electrical device are electrically connected only to a next but one electrical device. Thus, it is possible that most electrical connections skip an electrical device.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the electrical devices are arranged such that the first pole row comprises only first poles and the second pole row only comprises second poles. The electrical devices (which may be of the same type) can each be arranged in the same position as the other devices.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the electrical devices are arranged such that the first pole row and the second pole row comprise first poles and second poles alternately. It is alternatively also possible that two adjacent devices are each arranged in antiparallel.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the electrical system is a DC system and the first poles are positive poles and the second poles are negative poles. It is also possible that the electrical system is an AC voltage system and at one time the first poles have a first voltage and the second poles have a second voltage of opposite polarity to the first voltage.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the electrical devices include power sources and / or power loads. The power sources may include, for example, batteries and / or accumulators.

According to one embodiment of the invention, each electrical device comprises a plurality of cells (for example battery cells or accumulator cells) which are arranged in cell rows which run in a different direction than the device series. It should be understood that the cells can also be connected and connected to one another analogously to the electrical devices. The cells can be of different types.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the electrical system comprises at least one electronic unit which is assigned to at least one electrical device. For example, the electronic unit can be mounted in the vicinity or in the electrical connections, without having to be protected from too large magnetic fields.

Further, the structure of the electrical system may be applied to an array of electrical devices in series and parallel and an array of electrical devices in distributed series and parallel connection.

A further aspect relates to an energy store having a plurality of batteries and / or accumulators (for example Li ions) which form an electrical system as described above and below.

The energy store may be a stationary or a quasi-stationary energy storage. Such an energy store can also be used, for example, in a laptop. Other applications for the energy storage are vehicles, such as hybrid or electric vehicles, ships, such as pleasure boats or workboats.

Brief description of the figures

 Embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1A shows a schematic three-dimensional view of an electrical system according to an embodiment of the invention.

1B shows a schematic three-dimensional view of an electrical system according to another embodiment of the invention.

2A shows a schematic side view of an electrical system according to another embodiment of the invention.

2 B shows a schematic side view of an electrical system according to another embodiment of the invention.

3A shows a schematic side view of an electrical system according to another embodiment of the invention.

3B shows a schematic side view of an electrical system according to another embodiment of the invention.

4 schematically shows a plan view of an electrical device for an electrical system according to an embodiment of the invention.

5 schematically shows a plan view of another electrical device for an electrical system according to an embodiment of the invention.

Basically, identical or similar parts are provided with the same reference numerals.

Detailed description of embodiments

1A shows an electrical system 10 comprising a plurality of (identically or identically constructed) electrical appliances 12 includes, each of which can fill a cuboidal volume. For example, an electrical device includes 12 a substantially cuboid housing 14 , The electrical appliances 12 are to a pile 16 put together and in layers in a row 18 stacked.

Like in the 1A implied, the electrical appliances can 12 be arranged on each other in a z-direction (for example, a vertical direction).

On one side are the electrical appliances 12 a first (positive) pole 20 and a second (negative) pole 22 which are juxtaposed with respect to an x-direction (for example, a horizontal direction). The poles 20 . 22 all devices 12 are all arranged on one side, which points in a y-direction, and are due to in a row 18 arranged electrical appliances 12 in a first row of poles 24 and a second pole row 26 arranged.

In the 1A are the electrical appliances 12 (and their poles 20 . 22 ) aligned parallel to each other. Therefore, the first pole row includes 24 only first poles 20 and the second pole row 26 only second poles 22 ,

The stack 16 or the series 18 of electrical equipment includes a first electrical device 12a and a second electrical device 12b at one (upper) end of the row 18 are arranged. The first pole 20 of the first electrical device 12a represents a first main pole 28 of the electrical system 10 and the second pole of the second electrical device 12b represents a second main pole 30 of the electrical system 10 ready.

The (geometric or constructional) series 18 of electrical appliances 12 is electrically connected in series. These are the poles 20 . 22 or main poles 28 . 30 via electrical lines 32 connected with each other.

To reduce or eliminate magnetic fields caused by currents through the wires 32 Many of the connections are designed to be an electrical device 12 skip and between the rows of poles 24 . 26 switch. A plurality of first poles 20 from the first pole row 24 is each with a second but one pole behind 22 from the second row of poles 26 electrically connected.

Only a penultimate electrical device 12c and a (neighboring) last electrical device 12d at the other (lower) end of the row 18 are electrically connected.

The electrical appliances 12 can each have an electronics unit 34 include, for example, the currents in the lines 32 detected and / or a control for the electrical device 12 may include.

The 1B shows an electrical system 10 that have the same components as the system 10 from the 1A can have. That in the 1B shown system 10 is different from that in the 1A shown by the fact that the electrical equipment 12 (and thus the respective poles 20 . 22 ) are arranged antiparallel. Also in this way can the electrical appliances 12 be connected in series, with many lines 32 a machine 12 can skip so that resulting magnetic fields can be reduced.

The 2A and 3A show electrical systems 10 where the electrical appliances 12 Batteries are, which are arranged in a layer structure. The poles 20 . 22 are located on a side facing the z-direction. Analogous to 1A are the electrical appliances 12 arranged parallel to each other, which causes lines 32 that a device 12 skip, cross each other. Such intersecting lines 32 essentially carry opposing streams.

Unlike the 1A (which shows a series of four electrical devices), the system includes 10 of the 2A a (even) number of six electrical devices 12 and the system 10 of the 3A an (odd) number of seven electrical devices 12 ,

The 2 B and 3B show electrical systems 10 analogous to the 1B and 3B that in the way of 1B are interconnected. The antiparallel arrangement of adjacent electrical appliances 12 and a wiring that is an electrical device 12 skips while the pole row 24 . 26 changes, leads to wires 32 that a device 12 skip, substantially parallel to each other (or at least in a similar direction) run. Neighboring lines 32 lead thereby essentially opposing streams.

The 4 and 5 show two examples, such as an electrical device 12 from one of the systems 10 from the 1A to 3B can be executed. Also the wiring of the electrical devices 12 is optimized so that magnetic fields are reduced as much as possible.

The electrical device 12 of the 4 includes batteries 40 (or battery cells 40 ) leading to a series 42 (herewith 10 Batteries) are joined, which extends for example in the y-direction. In general, the elements can 40 but also be bipolar electrical devices or cells (such as power sources and power loads).

The batteries 40 are arranged so that the first poles 44 and the second poles 46 the batteries 40 two rows of poles 46 . 48 form, each one a series of two first poles 44 and two second poles 46 includes. The batteries are connected in series, with a first pole 44 from one of the pole rows 46 . 48 with a second but one pole behind 46 from the same pole row 46 . 48 is connected (for example with a line 32 which may be a cable or a rail (or copper rail)).

The first two batteries 40 make two main poles 50 . 53 ready to take a first pole 20 and a second pole 22 of the electrical device 12 form. Only the last two batteries 40 have an electrical connection that is not a battery 40 skips.

When in the 4 shown arrangement of batteries 40 (just like the electrical systems 10 of the 1A to 3B ) gets the power from the first battery 40 (electrical device 12a ) first to the last battery 40 (to the last electrical device 12d ) and then in a corresponding manner on the other batteries 40 (electrical appliances 12 ) returned.

The 4 However, shows a pairwise same arrangement of adjacent batteries 40 , so twice the first pole 44 in the first pole row 48 , then first pole twice 44 in the second pole row 50 , etc., Also by this type of power management can be clever arrangement of the lines 32 a substantial elimination of disturbing magnetic fields can be achieved.

The 5 shows an electrical device 12 with a plurality of batteries 40 in the three rows 42 are arranged side by side in an x-direction. The rows 42 (each eleven batteries 40 include) are each analogous to 4 interconnected and connected in series. The main poles 50 . 52 that the poles 20 . 22 of an electrical device are from the first battery 40 the first row and the last row.

In addition, it should be noted that "encompassing" does not exclude other elements or steps, and "a" or "an" does not exclude a multitude. It should also be appreciated that features or steps described with reference to any of the above embodiments may also be used in combination with other features or steps of other embodiments described above. Reference signs in the claims are not to be considered as limiting.

Claims (12)

Electrical system ( 10 ), comprising: a plurality of bipolar electrical devices ( 12 ), each having a first pole ( 20 ) and a second pole ( 22 ) exhibit; the electrical appliances ( 22 ) via connections ( 32 ) from a first pole ( 20 ) with a second pole ( 22 ) are electrically connected in series; the electrical appliances ( 12 ) in layers geometrically in a device series ( 18 ) are arranged; where the first poles ( 20 ) and second poles ( 22 ) of electrical equipment ( 12 ) a first pole row ( 24 ) and a second pole row ( 26 ) of Poland along the line of equipment ( 18 ) are arranged; characterized in that several poles ( 20 . 22 ) from the first pole row ( 24 ) each with a respect to the device series ( 18 ) next pole ( 20 . 22 ) from the second pole row ( 26 ) are electrically connected. Electrical system ( 10 ) according to claim 1, wherein a first main pole ( 28 ) for the electrical system ( 10 ) of a relating to the device series ( 18 ) first electrical device ( 12a ) and a second main pole ( 30 ) of a device with respect to the second electrical device ( 12b ) provided. Electrical system ( 10 ) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a relative to the device series ( 18 ) last electrical device ( 12d ) and one of the equipment last but one electric device ( 12c ) are electrically connected to each other. Electrical system ( 10 ) according to claim 3, wherein except the last electrical device ( 12d ) and the penultimate electrical device ( 12c ) all electrical appliances ( 12 ) only with a next but one electrical device ( 12 ) are electrically connected. Electrical system ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrical devices ( 12 ) are arranged such that the first pole row ( 24 ) only first poles ( 20 ) and the second pole row ( 26 ) only second poles ( 22 ). Electrical system ( 10 ) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the electrical devices ( 12 ) are arranged such that the first pole row ( 24 ) and the second pole row ( 26 ) first poles ( 20 ) and second poles ( 22 ) alternately. Electrical system ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrical system ( 10 ) is a DC system and the first poles ( 20 ) positive poles and the second poles ( 22 ) are negative poles. Electrical system ( 10 ) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the electrical system ( 10 ) is an AC system and at one time the first poles ( 20 ) a first voltage and the second poles ( 22 ) have a second voltage of opposite polarity to the first voltage. Electrical system ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrical devices ( 12 ) Include power sources; and / or wherein the electrical appliances ( 12 ) Include electricity loads. Electrical system ( 10 ) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each electrical device ( 12 ) a plurality of cells ( 40 ), which in cell rows ( 42 ) are arranged, which run in a different direction than the device series ( 18 ). Electrical system ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising: at least one electronic unit ( 34 ), the at least one electrical device ( 12 ) assigned. Energy storage ( 10 ) with a plurality of batteries ( 40 ) and / or accumulators, which form an electrical system according to one of claims 1 to 11.

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