DE102012200062A1 - Combustion engine e.g. diesel engine, has monolithic block formed from yttrium-stabilized zirconium dioxide ceramics without diffusion hole and comprising measuring chamber, and sensor arranged relative to intercooler - Google Patents
Combustion engine e.g. diesel engine, has monolithic block formed from yttrium-stabilized zirconium dioxide ceramics without diffusion hole and comprising measuring chamber, and sensor arranged relative to intercooler Download PDFInfo
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- DE102012200062A1 DE102012200062A1 DE102012200062A DE102012200062A DE102012200062A1 DE 102012200062 A1 DE102012200062 A1 DE 102012200062A1 DE 102012200062 A DE102012200062 A DE 102012200062A DE 102012200062 A DE102012200062 A DE 102012200062A DE 102012200062 A1 DE102012200062 A1 DE 102012200062A1
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- oxygen sensor
- combustion engine
- internal combustion
- exhaust gas
- air intake
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
- F02B29/04—Cooling of air intake supply
- F02B29/0406—Layout of the intake air cooling or coolant circuit
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1439—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the position of the sensor
- F02D41/144—Sensor in intake manifold
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
- F02M26/14—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/45—Sensors specially adapted for EGR systems
- F02M26/46—Sensors specially adapted for EGR systems for determining the characteristics of gases, e.g. composition
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
- F02M35/10373—Sensors for intake systems
- F02M35/10393—Sensors for intake systems for characterising a multi-component mixture, e.g. for the composition such as humidity, density or viscosity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
- F02D41/0065—Specific aspects of external EGR control
- F02D41/0072—Estimating, calculating or determining the EGR rate, amount or flow
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Measuring Oxygen Concentration In Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Luftansaugtrakt, einem im Luftansaugtrakt angeordneten Ladeluftkühler, einer Abgasrückführleitung vom Abgastrakt der Brennkraftmaschine zum Luftansaugtrakt und einem Sauerstoffsensor in Form einer Lambdasonde im Luftansaugtrakt zur Erfassung der Abgasrückführungsrate.The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine having an air intake tract, a charge air cooler arranged in the air intake tract, an exhaust gas recirculation line from the exhaust tract of the internal combustion engine to the air intake tract and an oxygen sensor in the form of a lambda probe in the air intake tract for detecting the exhaust gas recirculation rate.
Sauerstoffsensoren im Ansaugtrakt von Brennkraftmaschinen, sowohl Ottomotoren als auch Dieselmotoren, dienen der Erfassung der Abgasführungsrate, wenn derartige Brennkraftmaschinen mit entsprechenden Einrichtungen zur Rückführung des Abgases vom Abgastrakt in den Luftansaugtrakt versehen sind. Ohne Abgasrückführung beträgt der O2-Gehalt in der Ansaugluft etwa 21 % und sinkt mit zunehmendem Anteil der Abgasrückführung. Als Sauerstoffsensoren kann man beispielsweise herkömmliche lineare Lambdasonden verwenden. Einer der Nachteile dieser Sonden ist, dass sie extrem empfindlich auf Wasserschlag reagieren, indem sie brechen. Diese Lambdasonden entsprechenden Sauerstoffsensoren bestehen aus einer mehrlagigen Keramik mit mindestens einem Loch darin, durch das der Sauerstoff in die Messkammer gelangt. Wenn nunmehr ein Tropfen Wasser auf den Sensor trifft, dehnt sich die getroffene Schicht aus und beansprucht die anderen Schichten auf Zug. Ferner kann das Wasser auch durch Kapillarwirkung in den Messkammerspalt eindringen. Beide Effekte können letztendlich zu einer Zerstörung des Sensors führen. Der Einsatz von derartigen herkömmlichen Lambdasonden als Sauerstoffsensoren im Ansaugtrakt ist daher mit Schwierigkeiten verbunden.Oxygen sensors in the intake tract of internal combustion engines, both gasoline engines and diesel engines, serve to detect the exhaust gas rate, if such internal combustion engines are provided with appropriate means for recirculation of the exhaust gas from the exhaust tract in the air intake tract. Without exhaust gas recirculation, the O 2 content in the intake air is about 21% and decreases with increasing proportion of exhaust gas recirculation. As oxygen sensors can be used, for example, conventional linear lambda probes. One of the disadvantages of these probes is that they are extremely sensitive to water hammering by breaking. These lambda probes corresponding oxygen sensors consist of a multilayer ceramic with at least one hole in it, through which the oxygen enters the measuring chamber. Now, when a drop of water hits the sensor, the struck layer expands and stresses the other layers. Furthermore, the water can also penetrate by capillary action into the measuring chamber gap. Both effects can ultimately lead to destruction of the sensor. The use of such conventional lambda sensors as oxygen sensors in the intake tract is therefore associated with difficulties.
Um solche Sauerstoffsensoren vor der feuchten Luft zu schützen, hat man sie erst über der Taupunkttemperatur eingeschaltet. Darüber hinaus hat man solche Sensoren mit diversen Schutzkappen versehen, um das Eindringen von Wasser zu verhindern. Des Weiteren hat man die Sensortemperatur nur sehr langsam auf die Betriebstemperatur von ca. 700 °C hochgefahren. Auch wurden die Ränder der verwendeten Mehrschicht-Keramik rundherum angefast, um das Eindringen von Wasser zu verhindern. Diese Maßnahmen sind jedoch aufwendig und in Bezug auf einen optimalen Betrieb der Sensoren nachteilig, da man ein schnelles Ansprechen des Sensors und eine schnelle Messbereitschaft desselben, also offenere Schutzkappen, benötigt.To protect such oxygen sensors from the humid air, they have been turned on above the dew point temperature. In addition, such sensors have been provided with various protective caps to prevent the ingress of water. Furthermore, the sensor temperature has only been raised very slowly to the operating temperature of about 700 ° C. Also, the edges of the multilayer ceramic used were chamfered all around to prevent ingress of water. However, these measures are complicated and disadvantageous in terms of optimum operation of the sensors, since it requires a rapid response of the sensor and a rapid measuring readiness of the same, so more open protective caps.
Die hier in Rede stehenden Brennkraftmaschinen sind mit einem Ladeluftkühler im Luftansaugtrakt versehen. Der beste Ort für die Anordnung des Sauerstoffsensors zur Erfassung der Abgasrückführrate ist dabei ein Ort nach dem Ladeluftkühler (in Luftansaugrichtung), und zwar so nah wie möglich am Motoreinlass, um eine korrekte Messung durchzuführen. Es gibt zwei Abgasrückführungstypen, nämlich eine Niederdruck-Abgasrückführung und eine Hochdruck-Abgasrückführung, die in Zukunft vermutlich beide gleichzeitig zur Anwendung kommen. Die Abgasrückführleitung bei der Hochdruck-Abgasrückführung mündet nach dem Ladeluftkühler in den Luftansaugtrakt. Die herkömmlichen Sauerstoffsensoren, d. h. die verwendeten Lambdasonden, können jedoch aufgrund des permanenten Wasserschlages nicht hinter dem Ladeluftkühler platziert werden, sondern müssen davor platziert werden. Dies hat mehrere Nachteile, wie eine falsche Druckkorrektur aufgrund des veränderlichen Druckabfalls im Ladeluftkühler, oder die Tatsache, dass die Hochdruck-Abgasrückführung nicht miterfasst wird.The internal combustion engines in question are provided with a charge air cooler in the air intake. The best place to locate the oxygen sensor to detect the exhaust gas recirculation rate is a location after the charge air cooler (in the air intake direction) as close as possible to the engine inlet to make a correct measurement. There are two types of exhaust gas recirculation, namely low pressure exhaust gas recirculation and high pressure exhaust gas recirculation, which are likely to be used simultaneously in the future. The exhaust gas recirculation line in the high-pressure exhaust gas recirculation flows into the air intake tract after the intercooler. The conventional oxygen sensors, i. H. The lambda sensors used, however, can not be placed behind the charge air cooler due to the permanent water hammer, but must be placed in front of it. This has several disadvantages, such as an incorrect pressure correction due to the variable pressure drop in the intercooler, or the fact that the high pressure exhaust gas recirculation is not detected.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Brennkraftmaschine der angegebenen Art zu schaffen, deren Einrichtung zur Erfassung der Abgasrückführungsrate besonders genau und störungsunanfällig arbeitet.The present invention has for its object to provide an internal combustion engine of the type specified, the device for detecting the exhaust gas recirculation rate is particularly accurate and trouble-prone working.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß bei einer Brennkraftmaschine der eingangs beschriebenen Art dadurch gelöst, dass der Sauerstoffsensor in Luftansaugrichtung nach dem Ladeluftkühler angeordnet ist und einen monolithischen Block aus yttriumstabilisierter Zirkondioxidkeramik (ZrO2) ohne Mehrschichtaufbau und ohne Diffusionsloch zu einer Messkammer umfasst.This object is achieved in an internal combustion engine of the type described above in that the oxygen sensor is arranged in the air intake after the charge air cooler and a monolithic block of yttrium stabilized zirconia (ZrO 2 ) without multilayer structure and without diffusion hole to a measuring chamber.
Mit dem auf erfindungsgemäße Weise angeordneten und ausgebildeten Sauerstoffsensor wird die volle Funktionalität einer Lambdasonde im Magerbetrieb (um den es sich im Ansaugtrakt handelt) ohne Mehrschichtaufbau (Multi Layer) und Diffusionsloch zur Messkammer realisiert. Der erfindungsgemäß eingesetzte Sauerstoffsensor besteht nicht aus HTCC (High Temperature Cofired Ceramic), sondern aus einem monolithischen Block aus YSC (Yttrium Stabilized Zirconia). Durch die Ausbildung des Sensors in der Form eines monolithischen Blocks werden die Nachteile einer Mehrschichtstruktur in Bezug auf das Eindringen von Wasser im feuchten Arbeitsbereich vermieden. Entsprechende Vorteile werden erreicht, da kein zu einer Messkammer führendes Diffusionsloch Verwendung findet. Der Sauerstoffsensor ist nach dem Ladeluftkühler, d. h. möglichst nah am Motoreinlass, angeordnet, so dass trotz der vorhandenen Feuchtigkeit eine störungsunanfällige und genaue Messung des Sauerstoffgehaltes möglich ist.With the oxygen sensor arranged and designed in accordance with the invention, the full functionality of a lambda probe in lean operation (around which it is in the intake tract) is realized without a multi-layer structure and diffusion hole to the measuring chamber. The oxygen sensor used according to the invention does not consist of HTCC (High Temperature Cofired Ceramic), but of a monolithic block of YSC (Yttrium Stabilized Zirconia). The formation of the sensor in the form of a monolithic block avoids the disadvantages of a multi-layer structure with respect to the penetration of water in the wet working area. Corresponding advantages are achieved since no diffusion hole leading to a measuring chamber is used. The oxygen sensor is after the intercooler, d. H. as close to the engine inlet, arranged so that despite the presence of moisture a störungsunanfällige and accurate measurement of the oxygen content is possible.
Vorzugsweise befindet sich auf der einen Seite des monolithischen Blocks eine Heizung, während auf der anderen Seite desselben die eigentliche Messstruktur angeordnet ist. Bei der Messstruktur handelt es sich vorzugsweise um eine Interdigitalelektrode. Der erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete Sauerstoffsensor weist bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform eine mit einer Diffusionsschicht bedeckte Kathode auf, wobei Sauerstoff von der mit der Diffusionsschicht bedeckten Kathode zur Anode gepumpt wird. Dabei ist der Sauerstoffsensor vorzugsweise für einen Sauerstoff-Pumpbetrieb im Grenzstrombetrieb oder auf Nernst-geregelte Weise ausgebildet. Die Nernst-Regelung erfolgt dabei vorzugsweise nicht parallel, wie bei herkömmlichen Lambdasonden, sondern seriell, so dass sich auf diese Weise eine Referenzkammer mit ungewünschten Kavitäten vermeiden lässt.Preferably, on one side of the monolithic block is a heater, while on the other side thereof the actual measuring structure is arranged. The measuring structure is preferably an interdigital electrode. In one preferred embodiment, the oxygen sensor designed according to the invention has a cathode covered with a diffusion layer, wherein oxygen is pumped from the cathode covered by the diffusion layer to the anode. In this case, the oxygen sensor is preferably designed for an oxygen pumping operation in limit current operation or in a Nernst-controlled manner. The Nernst control is preferably not parallel, as in conventional lambda probes, but serially, so that can be avoided in this way a reference chamber with unwanted cavities.
Ferner ist der erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete Sauerstoffsensor vorzugsweise für einen Sauerstoff-Pumpbetrieb in einer Ebene ausgebildet, so dass mit einer robusten Monolayer-Struktur gearbeitet werden kann, was sich in der Verwendung des monolithischen Blocks aus yttriumstabilisierter Zirkondioxidkeramik manifestiert. Es ist bei dem Sauerstoffsensor gemäß der Erfindung nicht erforderlich, Sauerstoff von einer Ebene in die andere zu pumpen, was die bereits erwähnte High Temperature Cofired Ceramic (HTCC) mit Kavität erforderlich macht.Furthermore, the oxygen sensor formed according to the invention is preferably designed for an oxygen pumping operation in a plane, so that it is possible to work with a robust monolayer structure, which manifests itself in the use of the monolithic block of yttrium-stabilized zirconium dioxide ceramic. It is not necessary in the oxygen sensor according to the invention to pump oxygen from one level to the other, which makes the already mentioned high temperature cofired ceramic (HTCC) with cavity required.
Vorzugsweise ist der Sauerstoffsensor zwischen der Mündungsstelle der Abgasrückführleitung und dem Motoreinlass angeordnet. In dieser Position, die sich in Luftansaugrichtung nach der Mündungsstelle der Abgasrückführleitung befindet, kann der Sauerstoffsensor die Abgasrückführungsrate einwandfrei erfassen.The oxygen sensor is preferably arranged between the outlet point of the exhaust gas recirculation line and the engine inlet. In this position, which is located in the air intake direction after the discharge point of the exhaust gas recirculation line, the oxygen sensor can detect the exhaust gas recirculation rate properly.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ferner einen Sauerstoffsensor für eine Brennkraftmaschine der vorstehend beschriebenen Art. Der erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete Sauerstoffsensor besitzt einen monolithischen Block aus yttriumstabilisierter Zirkondioxidkeramik ohne Mehrschichtaufbau und ohne Diffusionsloch zu einer Messkammer.The present invention further relates to an oxygen sensor for an internal combustion engine of the type described above. The inventively embodied oxygen sensor has a monolithic block of yttrium stabilized zirconia ceramics without multilayer structure and without diffusion hole to a measuring chamber.
Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Sauerstoffsensors sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben.Further developments of the oxygen sensor according to the invention are described in the subclaims.
Obwohl der erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete Sauerstoffsensor aufgrund seiner Konstruktion relativ gut gegen Feuchtigkeit geschützt ist, kann er natürlich mit weiteren Schutzmaßnahmen ausgestattet sein. So kann er beispielsweise zusätzlich eine Kappe aufweisen, um insbesondere die Messstruktur des Sensors zu schützen.Although the inventively designed oxygen sensor is relatively well protected against moisture due to its construction, it can of course be equipped with further protective measures. For example, it may additionally have a cap in order to protect in particular the measuring structure of the sensor.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung im Einzelnen erläutert. Es zeigen:The invention will be explained below with reference to an embodiment in conjunction with the drawings in detail. Show it:
Die in
Um die Abgasrückführungsrate zu erfassen, befindet sich im Luftansaugtrakt
Der Aufbau des Sauerstoffsensors
Wesentlich ist, dass die Trägerstruktur bzw. das Trägermaterial des Sauerstoffsensors als monolithischer Block ausgebildet ist und keine Hohlräume und keine Mehrschichtstruktur aufweist. Auf diese Weise ist der Sensor gegen Feuchtigkeit weitgehend resistent und kann an der in
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DE102012200062.3A DE102012200062B4 (en) | 2012-01-03 | 2012-01-03 | Internal combustion engine with arranged in the air intake tract oxygen sensor and oxygen sensor |
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US9791405B2 (en) | 2012-05-14 | 2017-10-17 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Oxygen sensor and internal combustion engine comprising said sensor |
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WO2016030163A1 (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2016-03-03 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Checking an oxygen sensor in the suction system of an internal combustion engine |
WO2016096869A1 (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2016-06-23 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Method for operating an oxygen sensor, and oxygen sensor |
CN106468222A (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2017-03-01 | 福特全球技术公司 | A kind of method reducing the NOx emission from electromotor |
US20170051707A1 (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2017-02-23 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Method of reducing nox emissions from an engine |
DE102016210420B3 (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2017-06-14 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Method for operating an oxygen sensor, computer program product and oxygen sensor |
DE102016212349A1 (en) | 2016-07-06 | 2017-08-24 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Method for operating an oxygen sensor and oxygen sensor for determining an oxygen concentration in an intake tract |
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