DE102012021516A1 - Electrohydrodynamic energy conversion devices and conversion processes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to electrohydrodynamic energy conversion devices and conversion processes that generate energy and electricity by means of electrically initialized flow energy of a medium, determined electromagnetically. By means of recovered electricity, d. H. rectified electrical currents are generated cascaded electrohydrodynamically operated generator and Umformervorrichtungsanordnung, via skin effect stationary charge carrier plasmas and collective effects, condensed into a quasi-stationary "high energy" -Trägersystem, by that, electro-hydrodynamically a quasi additionally upward energy passing through Wave generation is to be generated so that with increasing voltage of the binary currents, steeply increasing frequencies, increasing currents can be generated. Concurrently parallel, especially by means of the high-frequency alternating voltages and the bilaterally generated to very high energy densities to achieve that parallel, according to magnetic flux coupled arrangements, respectively, only one pole, high field strength, a needs-based water splitting, to realize by the recovered hydrogen , for operating purposes of the device, adapted volume flow as needed, can be obtained directly, so that such arrangements, in addition high-performance thermal beam generation, almost closed circuit, can be operated.

Description

1. Electrodynamic energy conversion devices and conversions

• 2. The invention relates to electro-hydrodynamic electricity and useful energy generating devices, which form a direct connection of internal combustion engine, electrical and turbomachine, wherein the drive medium, more specifically electrodynamic processes, activated and direct electrical energy is generated, by means of which feedback, determined electromagnetically, the efficiency of the flow conversion processes, depending on the application, autodynamically controllable, is crucial to increase, so that kinetic energy, highly efficient and efficient, is generated.

• 3. From plasma physics or the relevant field of magnetohydrodynamics, a variety of plasma generating methods and devices are known.
• 3.1 Thus, in general, the methods included here in the field of the invention, first reduce to gas discharge processes in which by passage of an electric current, under normal conditions of a non-conductive gas or aerosol, a highly ionized mixture of gas molecules, ions, electrons and Light quantum, at low voltage drop, can be produced and thus plasma jets to produce different energy transport.
• 3.2 For the first time, economic production methods and devices, by N. Tesla, in the lecture of May 20, 1891 in front of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, has been extensively disclosed in the atmospheric air, high-frequency via tuft discharge to higher pressure plasma hedgehogs, at higher temperatures, were formed.
• 3.3 Later research, in which a higher charge carrier transport was achieved by means of thermal motion acceleration, primarily chemical processes, is usually based on oscillation of the plasma to be generated by external disturbances of a characteristic frequency of the charge carriers. Various devices and methods of generation have been subjected to extensive research on plasma waves, in particular magnetohydrodynamic waves, specifically those of H. Alfvén.
• 3.4 Therefore, in the context of Magnetohydrodynamik illustrated descriptions, magneto-magnetic lines MHD device are also to be imagined as a stretched rubber cords, which repel each other and are carried along in the movement of the medium (generator principle) or carry the medium with each movement (drive principle ).
• 3.5 Thus, if the magnetic field lines are acted upon, a transverse wave propagates parallel to the magnetic field (Scherungs-Alfvén wave, Torsions-Alfvén wave), whereby the mutual repulsion of the magnetic field lines also causes a longitudinal wave perpendicular to the magnetic field (Compression Alfvén wave) is formed. The transverse Alfvén wave propagates at a characteristic speed, the Alfvén speed. At higher frequencies, it is referred to as a magnetoacoustic wave or magnetic sound. The compression Alfvén wave plunges into the lower hybrid wave at higher frequencies in plasmas.
• 3.6 Hybrid waves are electrostatic oscillations of the charge carriers of the plasma whose frequencies lie between the cyclotron frequencies of the (gas) ions and the electrons. The upper limit of the hybrid frequencies thereby form the extraordinary electronic frequencies, while the lower limit is limited by the frequencies of the magnetoacoustic waves. Hybrid waves have both electric field components that are parallel to the magnetic field lines and thus can accelerate electrons and ions parallel to them, as well as field components that are perpendicular to the magnetic field lines. Accordingly, relevant device structures, up to complex laser arrangements are known.

• 4. For converting thermal or kinetic energy flowing media, magnetohydrodynamic generators are used in the art, which convert a gaseous, heated to high temperatures, electrically conductive medium into electrical energy.
• 4.1 In principle, the gas which is conductive and accelerated by thermal ionization flows through a perpendicularly directed magnetic field at high speed. As a result, an electric voltage is induced perpendicular to the direction of the gas flow and the magnetic field. While the neutral gas molecules continue to flow directionally, the Lorentz force acting in the magnetic field deflects positive (and / or) negative charge carriers according to their spin directions.
• 4.2 In order to generate electrical energy, conventional devices (surface) electrodes are installed in these two directions, which are connected via an external load resistor (load), so that an electric current through the kinetic energy of the flowing plasma, in the direction of induced voltage is driven.
• 5. General disadvantage of magnetohydrodynamic generators is that very high thermal or kinetic energies are required in order to produce practicable economy of electrical energy.

• 6. MHD "drives", on the other hand, accelerate plasmas produced by ionization, electromagnetically or inductively, that is to say reverse method of the MHD generators. MHD drives as such, generally speaking, by operating the external circuit via a voltage source to a suitable medium that is penetrated by a magnetic field, directed kinetic energy in order to put it in rapid flow, or jets high or higher energy transport and this kinetic energy to generate.
• 6.1 In the industry, such device systems are used more widely in the field of welding and cutting technology.
• 6.2 As such a further to be named principle, are used in the coil assemblies are MHD rocket motors, such as the Thetapinch, which is applicable for the beam acceleration of faster rocket types and designed according to tapered expiring inductance formed Strahltreiser.
• 6.3 These linear plasma accelerators are virtually open on both sides, act on the directional magnetic field of the radiation funnel according to conically adapted coil, on that by pinch effect, generated plasma. The plasma is in this case by means of electricity "very high" current density, virtually via the magnetic field generated on the plasma surface, floating in the front cylindrical thetapine, strongly compressed by means of oxidation gases, so that it generated as a plasma column by means of the radiation cone coil magnetic field, the device kinetically linearly directed, in the subsequently free rapidly expanding (pulse) jet, highly accelerated, leaves.

• 7. In summary, compared to the prior art, especially compared to internal combustion engines, generators, which can not achieve an efficiency above 30% according to the laws of thermodynamics, the task of developing a powerful engine principle, higher efficiency, which allows inexpensive Generate Nutzergie- and / or electricity generators, compact structure, which are universal or fully self-sufficient and largely pollutant emission-free to operate without oil or lubricants.

• 8. Basically, the object is achieved by the fact that the electrodynamic principle of (DC) energy converters, weighted certain induction effects, on the turbomachine principle, explicitly transmitted from disk turbines, and that commonly used for driving fluid flowing, (eg. Gas, vapor, aerosol / -e), additionally applied ionization processes, is activated by vaccination, so that specially organized electrohydrodynamic (DC) transducers are obtained which synergetically generate desired electrical energy in addition to desired kinetic energy, directly inductively or according to bilaterally superimposed alternating current components.
• 8.a) By means of recovered electrical energy is in turn proportionally positive feedback, the efficiency of the conversion processes, depending on the application version autodynamically adjustable, decide to increase.
• 8.b) Further, by the generated electrical energy, not only designed to be highly efficient electrodynamically, kinetic energy, but electrical energy on electro-hydrodynamic paths, by the inventive synergetic organization of Vorrrichtungsanordnung, in particular certain magnetic field configurations generated magnetic effects, and generated thereon collective ( Carrier) effects, up to extreme voltages.
• 8.c) By the interaction of the subsystems, systematically bipolar cascaded quasistatic charges, such high charge carrier quantities and energies, or mass (effect), are to be produced that bilaterally electric currents, very high energy densities, d. H. increasing voltages equal or increasing current / -n, for a variety of, are to be obtained.

• 8.1 In addition, it is achieved by the arrangement, especially by means of the high-frequency alternating voltages and the bilaterally to be generated very high energy densities, parallel to corresponding magnetic flux coupled arrangements over each only one pole, high field strength, a water splitting, to realize by the recovered hydrogen , For operating purposes of the device, adapted volume flow as needed, can be obtained directly, so that such arrangements, high-performance thermal beam generation, almost closed circuit, can be operated.

• 9. The solution of the problem occurs, schematically outlined principles by
• 9.a) that in a drum-shaped flow chamber, which acts as a flow guide device, disk-like (DC) inductances ( 1A () 1B ), diametrically or mutually arranged to be installed ( 3 ). The flow chamber receives according to the number of installed disc-like inductors, individual shaft-like flow chambers or at Stator arrangement, clearances ( 2 ), in each of which, by outer drum-like Strömungskammerwandung ( 4 ), introduced fluid, or working fluid ( 5 ), in accordance with its kinetic energy, that is directed centrally, forms a laminar spiral flow, which passes over and at the disk-like inductances ( 1A () 1B ) and finally centrally, ie perpendicular to the surfaces of the inductors, either axially or coaxially from the flow chamber is passed.
• 9.b) The respective disc-like (DC) inductance, according to the sign of the type of charge carrier certain winding sense, preferably composed of two flat spiral-like coils composed 1 , ( 1.1A () 1.2A () 1.1B () 1.2B ). The inductances are spirally organized in their winding sense or in their conductor guidance, so that laminar flow structure of the working medium, moves approximately parallel to the conductors, whereby with electrical initialization of the coil conductor whose over the surfaces of the inductors forming magnetic fields, or Magnetic field lines, averaged vertically, to the respective centrally directed, laminar helically moving flow of the working medium, and with each movement change of the working medium, the magnetic field lines is acted upon.
• 9.c) The disc-like inductors are organized fixedly on a movable shaft to a rotor device installed in the drum-like flow chamber, thereby obtaining a disc turbine ( 4 ), in the usual by friction (boundary layer effect) generated power transmission, as described, is effectively electrodynamically modified.
• 9.d) And / or the disc-like inductances are fixedly installed as a stator device within the drum-type flow chamber, so that transformer devices are obtained.

• 9.e) The fluid used for operation of the device, or gaseous working medium (air) is suitable periodic change, by means of gas discharge method, preferably accelerated by ionization and / or combustion processes as needed compressing, this according to the invention here additionally of the ionization process , electrical charge carriers ( 4 ), suitable electrical energy and quantity transferred, or by means of magnetizable or (permanent) magnetic particles, etc., is seeded, so that it is modified in such a way that high (attachment) affinity of the particles or particles to the magnetic field lines of the disc-like Inductances, a correspondingly high flow resistance is generated, whereby the magnetic field lines corresponding to the movement of the working medium, are effectively deformed.
• 9.f) The ionization of the working medium, takes place z. B. by known Hochspannungsinduktionsspulen. Preferably, each individual shaft-like flow chamber or gap space ( 2 ), its own such ionization-blasting device ( 13 () 14 ). The setting of the high voltage coil ( 8th ) generally takes place around a mean value which, depending on the design specification, corresponds to the inductances limiting the respective flow chamber. In other words, each wavelength is about a quarter, so that at the free terminal of the secondary coil, with reaching the frequency, very strong tufts discharges are generated. Of course, depending on the version, depending on the power or speed and load the arrangement, and electronic, z. B. on Hall elements organized controls. By tuft discharges, the gas is ionized and accelerated by means of a suitable flow device into a jet, whereby via suitable electrodes ( 4 ) are transferred to the beam generated additional electrical charge or seeded, and this desired energy transport is activated. In other words, it is preferable to generate continuous pulses of longer duration in the primary circuit system of the jet device arrangement, which result in a corresponding number of pulses of high intensity in relation to the primary circuit system of very high voltage in a respective secondary coil.

• 9.g) Concurrently, the disc-like (DC) spiral inductors, the preferred alternating sign arrangement, according to their respective sense of circulation, magnetic flux generated, the same (or repulsive) electromagnetic polarity, ie against each other inductively installed so that adjacent DC in respective shaft-like flow chamber, according to the spiral coil conductor arrangement differentiated capacitor properties, ie constant-directional electric fields, which are interspersed averaged vertically through the magnetic fields of the coil conductors are formed. With approach of the device arrangement, by irradiation of the activated working medium, z. As piezoelectrical transducer coupled the acceleration of the working medium, the desired frequency, the direct current flowing in the disc-like spiral (DC) inductors, current pulses, z. B. on the first, to be understood here as a primary spiral coil given. In this case, in the second, by electromagnetic induction, superimposed on the direct current applied there, Generates high voltage AC surges, the corresponding devices can be amplified.
• 9.h) Synchronous action of the activated medium on the magnetic fields, is made possible by the arrangement that electrical energy higher or higher current density, higher or higher voltage generated, and these currents with appropriate interconnection electro-hydrodynamically (to very high potentials) are driven can. By this generator property, the device are generated electrical currents, on the one hand to operate the disc-like inductors and on the other hand to accelerate and activate the working medium positively feedback, so that with electrical initialization of the device, efficiently kinetic energy, and electrical energy generated.

• 9.1 Through set-up organization, not only the transformation process is to be strengthened dynamically, but also a cascaded arrangement ( 5 ), switching processes by (tube) devices, preferably towards X-ray tubes ( 6 ), modified spark gaps, through which the oscillation frequencies of accumulated charges, corresponding excitation, massively increase.
• 9.1a) In other words, according to the invention by valve-like device organization ( 6 ), with increasing voltage, the frequency increased by radiation of increasing intensity and systematically coupled with sufficiently high voltage and frequency by the radiation according to arrangement organization, the current passage increases.
• 9.1b) Accordingly, according to the invention with a suitable tube-like conductor organization electro-hydrodynamically, by the coil organization and electrical currents to produce high magnetic effects, equally consistent direction through which according to the spatial charge distribution, the quasi-static charges is acted upon by the arrangement causes, in turn, ponderomotive forces, a shift that is generated by the masses associated with quasistatic charges. As a result of this displacement, dipole structures are formed, by means of which collective (charge carrier) effects are achieved in accordance with the achieved ponder-motive force density, again bilaterally generated dipole formation.
• 9.1c) On the one hand, the (oscillatory) frequency of the quasistatic charge, which is stored in each case, is correspondingly increased. On the other hand, with initialization of the device arrangement is achieved so essential that with appropriate ladder structure organization ( 7 ) (parallel) cascaded inductors ( 5 ), upwardly directed bilateral conversion of the DC currents, with increase of the voltage, an "increase" of the current (depending on the load) is to be generated.
• 9.1d) Accordingly, appropriate application design of the device arrangement, systematically direct currents bilaterally, very high current / -n, up to the high energy range, reshape and accumulate electrical charges quasi-static extreme energies, so by these energy conversion processes quite novel processes, continuously, be generated, by the electrical energy, very high efficiency, is to win.

• 10. According to the invention this is first achieved by the organization of the inductances, which as a unit as already stated, each composed of two spiral coils ( 1 ), and according to their magnetic flux, are coupled. By this arrangement, each second coil undergoes corresponding excitation and in this, according to their selected interconnection, flowing current is driven. Depending on the interconnection of the inductors or the coils, so the current flowing in the second same direction, not only directed to drive, but to energize much higher frequency, according to spiral conductor organization. If such sudden impulses, corresponding to a constantly directed magnetic component, are primarily generated for an extended period of time, they respectively lead, secondarily, to a corresponding number of pulses of high intensity, whereby the magnetic superimposition density (proportional) increases in a spiral manner centrally directed by the coil organization.
• 10.a) The generation according to the invention of a current which increases with increasing frequency and voltage of the direct currents is then further achieved by the fact that the conductor insulation is not applied directly to the conductor, but instead a suitable space ( 12 ) ( 7 ) is built so that along the conductor whose two ends (corresponding voltage difference reached) form poles, a closed tubular vessel is generated and along this, the electric field, without much anomalies, so to speak unhindered, can span from one pole to another. In addition, preference is given within this intermediate space ( 8th ), the conductor opposite, z. B. a surface adapted electrode ( 6 ) 7 installed parallel to the conductor.
• 10.b) In the built-up space is still z. For example, a suitable gas that is electrically non-conductive, thinned to a few millibars, is included. Successively cascaded arrangement of the degree of evacuation can be increased. In addition, the respective tubular closed conductor vessel interspersed by radiation.
• 10.c) The radiation is thereby primarily, so to speak autodynamically generated in accordance with increasing voltage generated frequency. Accordingly, increasing frequency, via entering skin effect, a current displacement, in the conductor, and with said stronger impulses, with constant, or even decreasing power, but on ever narrower contracted time windows, corona discharges and finally tuft-like Enladungsformen generated.
• 10.d) Depending on the pulse strength and evacuation level is cascaded (according to frequency), made in different ways ladder work function and secondary emission different types of radiation to X-rays, high intensity generated.
• 10.e) In other words, according to the field strength generated on the conductor and then in the stage specific vacuum, frequency-increasing conductor resistance, starting from the conductor, first charge carrier swarms, projected to whole particle flows, at the point of the first impact, d , H. the gas molecules, the impact electrodes, and the corresponding nature, the outer wall of the tubular conductor body, are converted into radiation. The process is strengthened in accordance with bilateral arrangement, directed.
• 10.f) Consequently, as already mentioned, in a highly schematic manner, in the cascaded conductor body tubes (FIG. 9 ), systematic organization ( 7 ) by means of the acceleration in the field, impaction ionization effects (secondary emission), ie independent discharge processes. The peculiarities (gas / pressure) of the respective discharge process that occur in the conductor tubes ( 9 ), follow above all from the fact that the electrons also rapidly reach sufficiently high velocities through the arrangement organization, in the space formed (energy-dependent), while then increasingly the cumbersome gas ions flowing in the opposite direction move only slowly forward. These pile up, so to speak, in front of the ladder and make illustrated, along this one space cargo bank. So they act like an automatic extension of the impact electrode / -n, which thus comes quite close to the head. The voltage between the conductor and the impact electrode is not distributed evenly over the entire distance, but lies for the most part between the conductor and the beginning of the space charge bank. Inevitably, in turn, the field strength directly in front of the conductor is significantly larger than in the rest of the gap, in other words, it is achieved that the field strength there is greatest or remains, causing a strong increase in the current just as the frequency and voltage increases becomes.
• 10.g) About the bilateral mutually gegeninduktiv, but at the same time (direct current) capacitor specific arrangement, corresponding device arrangement, continuous currents, electro-hydrodynamically to very high voltages, high currents to transform and operate this device for frequency generation.
• 10.h) The frequency generation is as already mentioned, bilaterally comparable spark gaps, the similar Lenardröhren, so provided appropriate windows, to X-ray tubes, produced (valve) tube device, which are coupled together by proportional radiation.
• 10.i) Furthermore, the commonly used reflectors (for certain applications), by reflectors formed by helically flat conductor tracks to replace, so that magnetic effects are obtained within the tube, through which the tube devices, that is, the built-up in the plumb bodies, until to excite in the Exa-Hertz range to increase oscillation frequencies, and constant current direction, quantum mechanical effects, can be stably generated.

• 10.1 Thus, by named arrangement organization, even at fairly low frequencies, magnetoacoustic waves of the plasmas in the conductor tubes, passing into compression Alfvén waves, which in turn merge into lower hybrid waves, etc. are generated. The upper limit of the hybrid frequencies thereby form the extraordinary electronic frequencies, while the lower limit is limited by the frequencies of the magnetoacoustic waves. Already occurring hybrid waves have both electric field components that are parallel to the magnetic field lines and so according to their transported energy, electrons and ions can accelerate parallel to these, as well as field components that are perpendicular to the magnetic field lines.
• 10.1a) hybrid waves are by their nature, electrostatic oscillations of the charge carriers of the plasma whose frequencies lie between the cyclotron frequencies of the ions and the electrons, so that by the bilaterally separated arrangement of the (DC) inductances, synergetically positively coupled multiple overlays, the directed current flow, corresponding (binding) affinity to the magnetic field lines of the conductor, is amplified, and desired collective carrier effects are quasi-naturally amplified, whereby according to the achieved "oscillation" frequency, not only their potential energy, but (magnetic flux determines) Charge carrier quantities are quite decide to increase.
• 10.1b), the two spiral coils from which the disc-like (DC) inductors are constructed in accordance with the direction of circulation of the charge carrier type, for the purpose of current flow, within the converter arrangement, preferably by accelerator tubes, d. H. Connected tubes suitable valve action, so that carrier currents are in each secondary coil, transferred, or even radiated axially in this, which are driven by the constant directions of the fields, there on the appropriately constructed conductor on.
• 10.1c). Briefly, in accordance with the invention, the gas between the conductor and the impact electrode, that is to say the respective conductor body, is present. H. ionized in the tubular space, in accordance with increasing frequency and voltage and concurrently the current density in the generated "electron envelope" of the conductor, the current flow increases, being essential to the respective conductor, in addition by the parallel conductor of the other coil / -n, according to its conductor body structure, According to the generated magnetic flux, the bilateral arrangement organization, against inductive, electrohydrodynamic certain synergetic effects, collective effects of the respective charge carriers (type), such energy densities are achieved that cascaded parallel or bilaterally continuously up to the high energy range, streams, are very high currents to generate.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited non-patent literature

• N. Tesla, in the lecture of May 20, 1891 [0001]

Claims (9)

Elektrohydrodynamische Energiewandlervorrichtungen and conversion processes characterized in that - in accordance with item 8 of the description characterized devices and arrangement generated and acc. operated method description operated. Method and device according to Claim 1, characterized - that gem. Point 8.a of the description characterized devices and arrangements generated and acc. operated method description operated. Method and device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized - that gem. Point 8.b and 9.d of the description characterized devices and arrangements generated and acc. operate the method description. Method and device according to claims 1-3, characterized - that gem. Points 8.c and 9.d of the description characterized devices and arrangements generated and acc. operate the method description. Method and device characterized in that - that gem. Point 8.1 of the description characterized devices and arrangements generated and acc. the method description a direct water splitting is operated. Device and method according to claims 1-4, characterized - that in accordance with point 9.e-9.f and 9.d of the description, characterized devices and arrangements produced and acc. operate the method description. Device and method according to claims 1-4 and 6, characterized - that according to point 9.g-9.h and 9.d of the description characterized devices and arrangements produced and acc. operate the method description. Device and method according to claims 1-7, characterized - that in accordance with item 9.1 and 9.1a-9.1d of the description produced devices and arrangements and gem. operate the method description. Device and method according to claims 1-8, characterized - that according to item 10 of the description and according to point 10.a-10.i characterized devices and arrangements generated and acc. the method description are applied.

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