DE102012020815A1 - Hole piercing by grooving or puncturing, in autogenic flame cutting of article, comprises heating material of article to ignition temperature, and combusting heated material by supplying cutting oxygen, which has first gas stream - Google Patents

Abstract

Hole piercing by grooving or puncturing, in autogenic flame cutting of at least one article, comprises: heating a material of the article to ignition temperature; and combusting the heated material by supplying oxygen, preferably cutting oxygen, which has a first gas stream (10). The slag resulting from combustion is injected off, or passed away from at least one area in which hole is punched, and is blown away during piercing by supplying at least one additional gas stream (20) in at least one direction. An independent claim is also included for a device (100) for hole piercing, Hole piercing by grooving or puncturing, in autogenic flame cutting of at least one article, comprising at least one cutting tool (30) for thermal ablation of material of the article by and at least one feeding device (40) for supplying at least one of additional gas stream, for blowing away the slag during piercing.

Description

Technical area

The present invention relates to a method for piercing according to the preamble of claim 1.

The present invention further relates to a device for piercing according to the preamble of claim 6.

State of the art

During thermal cutting, workpieces are cut by supplying energy to the point to be cut, whereby material is removed at the processing location and this material is finally expelled with the aid of a gas jet, the so-called cutting jet. The advantage here is that the tool, namely the cutting beam, can not be dull and that hardly force is exerted on the workpiece to be cut. There are various possibilities for the energy supply, so that several thermal separation processes exist.

A delimitation of the thermal cutting processes laser cutting, plasma cutting and autogenous flame cutting according to technical and economic aspects, for example, in Linde Reprint No. 29/95 by Hermann Mair, Order No. 8029/2, January 1995 , given.

At the beginning of the thermal separation process, the material for cutting, the so-called piercing or piercing, the article, ie for piercing the article or for piercing through the article, is heated to ignition temperature. The heating can be effected by means of, for example, acetylene, natural gas and / or propane having fuel gas-oxygen flame.

If the material has reached its ignition temperature, cutting oxygen is supplied.

As a result of the combustion of the material in the cutting oxygen, energy is supplied to the cutting process in addition to the flame. With the kinetic energy of the oxygen jet, the slag produced by the combustion and the molten material are expelled jerkily from the piercing point in a shower of sparks. The process of piercing is therefore a phase of thermal separation in which a particularly large amount of slag splashes away from the area to be separated.

The escaping slag can clog the cutting nozzle, so that the cutting gas supply and thus the cutting process are interrupted and the life of the cutting nozzle is shortened. In addition, the leaking slag can inject the user of the thermal separation process and this burns out.

Furthermore, the slag edge forming during piercing in the vicinity of the puncture point is an obstacle to contour cutting as the slag accumulates on the area to be separated. The already oxidized slag does not react or only after more heating with the cutting jet, so that a slag accumulation in the region to be separated leads to flame separation and thus to the interruption of the cutting process.

The discharged slag mountain thus acts, if it is not eliminated in time by the operator, as an insulating layer, which can break the flame cutting process when driving over the burner. Furthermore, the slag accumulation disturbs the visual appearance of the material.

In order to avoid the above-mentioned disadvantages, the slag accumulation is mechanically removed according to the prior art; For example, during the piercing, the path-splashing slag is scraped away from the workpiece to be cut with a long metal scraper. However, this can disturb or delay the separation process and cause scratches on the object to be separated. In addition, this removal process is difficult to accomplish when using multiple burners.

The technological background of the present invention is in the prior art to the document EP 1 145 796 A1 in which a punching device for a laser cutting device is disclosed, and to the publications US 4,235,647 and JP 2268991 A made aware.

Presentation of the present invention: object, solution, advantages

Based on the disadvantages and inadequacies set out above and in appreciation of the outlined prior art, the present invention has the object, a method of the type mentioned and a device of the type mentioned in such a way that wegbewegende during piercing slag not at the separating area surrounding surfaces, in particular not on the cutting tool, attaches or there adheres.

This object is achieved by a method having the features specified in claim 1 and by a device having the features specified in claim 6. Advantageous embodiments and expedient developments of the present invention are characterized in the respective subclaims.

In principle, the object to be cut can be both a metallic material and a non-metallic material. The object can thus be formed essentially of at least one metal and / or at least one plastic and / or glass. However, the present invention can be used particularly advantageously in the autogenous flame cutting of thick sheets, ie sheets having a thickness of at least about twenty millimeters, in particular of at least about forty millimeters.

Part of the autogenous flame cutting process is the piercing, ie piercing or piercing, where it remains at the point to be processed until a hole is formed; when this hole is created, the material can be blown out with the help of the gas jet.

The present invention is based on the avoidance of adhesions of the areas to be cut, in particular from the puncture point, moving away, in particular evaporating, running away, rolling away, spraying away or dripping away, slag surrounding the object, for example on opposite surfaces, such as the cutting tool, in that, by supplying the further gas jet or gas flow, the moving slag is blown in at least one defined or desired or predetermined direction and in this case can also be cooled.

According to the present invention, therefore, the formation of a firmly adhering slag mountain during the Lochstechphase can be prevented by means of the further gas flow. Basically, such a slag mountain in piercing, especially when piercing, as a mountain at one point, because the burner is moved slowly in one direction (otherwise the slag would rise directly to the burner). After piercing, there is no more slag mountain, because then the slag drips through the hole or through the kerf.

The further gas jet or gas stream can be expediently designed as a gas shower or as at least one gas pulse and fed by means of one or more, for example, to the cutting torch employed at a non-vanishing angle and / or directed against the object gas nozzle (s) become. This angle can range from about thirty degrees to about sixty degrees, for example, about forty-five degrees.

• – von der Bearbeitungsrichtung weg und/oder
• – von der Bearbeitungsstelle weg

und kreuzt auch nicht die Bearbeitungsstelle.The formation of a stuck by the piercing slag mountain can now be prevented by the slag mountain is blown away with the other gas jet or gas stream. Here, the further gas jet or gas stream blows the slag mountain in a preferred manner

• - away from the machining direction and / or
• - away from the processing station

and does not cross the editing point.

For the generation of the further gas jet or the gas shower, all inert and oxidizing gases can be used which are able to rapidly cool the discharged slag and / or to blow it away with the aid of its kinetic energy.

In this case, the further gas jet or gas stream can also consist of at least one cryogenic medium, in particular a lower temperature than about minus ten degrees Celsius, for example as about minus thirty degrees Celsius, say about minus fifty degrees Celsius.

The gas or gas mixture of the further gas jet or gas stream can in principle have any state of aggregation. This means that the present invention works in principle with all aggregate states (gaseous, liquid, solid), if the medium is introduced only cold enough or the further gas jet or gas flow has only sufficient pressure to move the moving slag into at least one defined resp to blow desired or predetermined direction.

The further gas jet or gas stream can therefore be in substantially gaseous and / or substantially liquid and / or substantially solid form, in particular as gas, as pellets, as snow, as dry ice, as droplets or as a mixture of gas and / or Pellets and / or snow and / or dry ice and / or from droplets, are supplied.

By cooling the emerging during piercing slag is advantageously so far subcooled that it, for example, in the manner of granules, solidifies again; thus, adhesion of the slag due to the so-called adhesion effect is reliably prevented.

The cooling of the emerging during piercing slag has the advantage that the Object immediately and immediately, in particular without subsequent cleaning, can be further processed. Furthermore, the re-solidified slag can be easily removed or disposed of. The cooled and solidified slag loosely rests on the surface and can be wiped or blown away without resistance.

For example, the solidified slag can be blown away by the first gas flow, in particular by the supplied cutting oxygen, from the environment of the region in which it is being separated. Alternatively or additionally, the solidified slag may fall off the surface as the article turns due to gravity.

Finally, the present invention relates to the use of a method according to the above-described type and / or at least one device according to the above-described type for piercing during autogenous flame cutting at least one article, in particular for autogenous piercing, wherein the article is in particular at least one metallic article and / or more particularly, has a thickness of at least about twenty millimeters, for example at least about forty millimeters, such as at least about one thick plate. Thus, the present invention is particularly advantageous for autogenous piercing into the thick sheet metal area.

The present invention is suitable for service applications in the customer field in the steel processing industry as well as for all production plants in which the autogenous technology is used.

• – zum Trennen mindestens eines Rohrs, zum Beispiel eines Rohrs mit geringem Durchmesser, oder
• – zum Abtragen mindestens eines Profils aus dem Gegenstand,

einsetzbar.Furthermore, the present invention is of particular advantage in separating objects in a confined space, in particular

• - For separating at least one tube, for example a pipe with a small diameter, or
• For removing at least one profile from the object,

used.

By means of the present invention, cleaning downtimes of spattered nozzles as well as flameout can be prevented in a reliable manner; Thus, the productivity can be increased during thermal separation.

Brief description of the drawings

As already discussed above, there are various possibilities for embodying and developing the teaching of the present invention in an advantageous manner. For this purpose, on the one hand to the claim 1 and the claim 6 respectively subsequent claims referenced, on the other hand further embodiments, features and advantages of the present invention will be described below, inter alia, with reference to the 1 illustrated embodiment explained in more detail.

It shows:

1 a schematic representation of an embodiment of a device for thermal separation according to the present invention, which operates according to the method according to the present invention.

Best way to carry out the present invention

The basis 1 illustrated device 100 is an intended for autogenous flame cutting autogenous cutting torch, which is used for the thermal removal of material of an object 200 trained cutting tool 30 , namely a cutting nozzle.

At the beginning of the thermal separation process is in the so-called Lochstechphase means of the cutting nozzle 30 Material of the object 200 , namely a sheet, heated to ignition temperature; the heated material is made by supplying at least one cutting oxygen jet 10 burned, with the slag resulting from the combustion 210 moved away from the area to be separated, in particular splashed away as slag ejection.

During the piercing process, the cutting oxygen jet burns 10 So the heated material and creates a cavern of liquid slag. To avoid the ejected slag the cutting nozzle 30 of the autogenous cutting torch 100 glued, the autogenous cutting torch moves 100 during piercing slightly, for example, a few millimeters sideways. The direction of movement of the autogenous cutting torch 100 is in 1 represented by the arrow P.

By moving the burner 100 and by the kinetic energy of the oxygen jet 10 a slag channel is created, through which the increasing combustion products 210 be blown out in the direction of the Blechoberfäche.

By leaking slag 210 In autogenous cutting torches according to the prior art, not infrequently the cutting nozzle is used 30 added, which leads to a cut interruption. While about half of the expelled slag 210 blown into the room air forms in autogenous cutting torches according to the prior art, the Another half of the slag on the surface of the sheet is a build-up of slag, which firmly adheres to the sheet surface as it cools.

When in 1 However, illustrated embodiment of the present invention, a clogging of the cutting nozzle 30 and reliably prevents slag accumulation on the sheet metal surface during the piercing process during autogenous flame cutting.

For this purpose, the autogenous cutting torch 100 a feeder 40 for feeding at least one further gas jet or gas stream 20 on. This feeder 40 is in the basis 1 illustrated embodiment at the cutting nozzle 30 attached tube.

The longitudinal axis of the feeder 40 is in a to the longitudinal axis of the cutting tool 30 deviated from 180 degrees angle δ and directed against the sheet surface. In the embodiment according to 1 this angle δ is about 45 degrees.

The further gas jet or gas stream 20 blows away the moving slag 210 in a predetermined direction, namely from the cutting nozzle 30 away, and cool the slag moving away 210 from.

The discharged, become a small mountain 220 accumulating slag is initially still liquid and therefore tends to connect similar to the thermal spraying with the rough surface. Due to the cooling by the further gas jet or gas stream 20 However, for example, when the slag on the sheet begins 200 accumulates, a solidification or cooling process. Due to the cooling, the slag becomes viscous, clumps and solidifies, for example, in the manner of a granule. Thus, adhesion of the slag due to the so-called adhesion effect is reliably prevented.

By more or less rapid cooling of the liquid phase of the slag by supplying the further gas jet or gas stream 20 In particular, by supplying liquid, such as cold, such as cryogenic, carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), so the adhesive mechanism can be prevented. The liquid components of the slag 210 solidify immediately, balls in and can no longer account for surface adhesion.

The loose mixture of solidified slag 220 can, for example, by the cutting oxygen escaping during autogenous flame cutting 10 be blown away. Thus, the autogenous cutting torch can 100 according to 1 Working according to the method of the present invention, do not form an insulating slag layer over the area to be separated.

Should be slag granules 220 form on the area to be separated, this slag granules 220 through the cutting oxygen jet 10 weggeblasen so that it does not hinder the thermal separation process, in particular does not lead to flame separation.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

100

Device, in particular autogenous cutting torch

10

first gas jet or first gas stream, in particular cutting oxygen jet or cutting oxygen stream

20

another gas jet or further gas stream, in particular inert gas and / or oxidizing gas

30

Cutting tool, in particular cutting nozzle, for providing the first gas jet or gas stream 10

40

Feeding device for supplying the further gas jet or gas stream 20 , in particular gas shower

200

Object, in particular workpiece, for example, pipe or profile, in particular of metal, for example of sheet metal, such as thick sheet metal

210

moving away, in particular flowing away and / or wegrinnende and / or wegspritzende, slag of the article 200 , especially slag ejection

220

Accumulation of cooled, in particular solidified, and / or slag blown in a defined and / or desired and / or predetermined direction 210

δ

Angle between the longitudinal axis of the cutting tool 30 and longitudinal axis of the feeder 40

P

arrow

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 1145796 A1 [0012]
• US 4235647 [0012]
• JP 2268991 A [0012]

Cited non-patent literature

• Linde Reprint No. 29/95 by Hermann Mair, Order No. 8029/2, January 1995 [0004]

Claims (10)

Method for piercing, in particular by means of piercing or piercing, during autogenous flame cutting of at least one article ( 200 ), where - material of the article ( 200 ) is heated to ignition temperature and - the heated material by supplying at least one oxygen, in particular cutting oxygen, having first gas stream ( 10 ) is burned, with slag ( 210 ) is moved away from at least one area in which holes are pierced, in particular sprayed away, characterized in that the slag moving away during piercing ( 210 ) by supplying at least one further gas stream ( 20 ) is blown in at least one direction. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the further gas stream ( 20 ) has at least one inert and / or oxidizing gas, by means of whose kinetic energy the slag moving away during piercing ( 210 ) - of the vicinity of the area where the hole is pierced, and / or - of at least one of the thermal removal of material of the object ( 200 ) trained cutting tool ( 30 ) is blown away. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that - the direction of the further gas flow ( 20 ) with the direction of the first gas flow ( 10 ) includes a non-zero angle (δ), in particular an angle (δ) of about thirty degrees to about sixty degrees, for example an angle (δ) of about 45 degrees, and / or - that the further gas flow ( 20 ) is at least one gas pulse supplied only during piercing. Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the slag moving away during piercing ( 210 ) by means of the further gas flow ( 20 ), in particular cooled rapidly, is, wherein the moving away slag ( 210 ) in the vicinity of the area where holes are punched, solidifies. Process according to claim 4, characterized in that the solidified slag ( 210 ) - by the first gas flow ( 10 ), in particular by the supplied oxygen, and / or - by supplying liquid carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) from the environment of the area in which piercing is blown away. Device for piercing, in particular by means of piercing or piercing, during autogenous flame cutting of at least one article ( 200 ) particular device ( 100 ), comprising at least one for thermal removal of material of the article ( 200 ) formed cutting tool ( 30 ), by means of which - the material of the object ( 200 ) is heated to ignition temperature and - the heated material by supplying at least one oxygen, in particular cutting oxygen, having first gas stream ( 10 ) is combustible, with slag ( 210 ) is moved away from at least one area in which holes are pierced, in particular sprayed away, characterized by at least one feeding device ( 40 ) for feeding at least one further, for blowing the slag moving away during piercing ( 210 ) in at least one direction specific gas flow ( 20 ). Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that by means of the further gas flow ( 20 ) the slag moving away during piercing ( 210 ) - of the vicinity of the area where holes are punched, and / or - of the cutting tool ( 30 ) is blown away. Device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the longitudinal axis of the feed device ( 40 ) to the longitudinal axis of the cutting tool ( 30 ) at a non-zero angle (δ), in particular at an angle (δ) of about thirty degrees to about sixty degrees, for example at an angle (δ) of about 45 degrees. Device according to at least one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that - the slag moving away during piercing ( 210 ) by means of the further gas flow ( 20 ), in particular fast cooling, is, wherein the moving away slag ( 210 ) in the vicinity of the area where the hole is pierced, solidifies, and - that the solidified slag ( 210 ) - by the first gas flow ( 10 ), in particular by the supplied oxygen, and / or - by supplying, in particular liquid, carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) from the environment of the area in which is pierced, wegblasbar. Use of a method according to at least one of claims 1 to 5 and / or at least one device ( 100 ) according to at least one of claims 6 to 9 for piercing the autogenous flame cutting at least one object ( 200 ), in particular for autogenous piercing, wherein the article ( 200 ) is in particular at least one metallic article and / or in particular has a thickness of at least about twenty millimeters, for example of at least about forty millimeters, is at least about one thick plate.

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