DE102012006474A1 - Method for loading and unloading individual cells of battery system, involves connecting selector switches of switching matrix with battery cells through transducer unit comprising direct current to direct current converter - Google Patents
Method for loading and unloading individual cells of battery system, involves connecting selector switches of switching matrix with battery cells through transducer unit comprising direct current to direct current converter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102012006474A1 DE102012006474A1 DE102012006474A DE102012006474A DE102012006474A1 DE 102012006474 A1 DE102012006474 A1 DE 102012006474A1 DE 102012006474 A DE102012006474 A DE 102012006474A DE 102012006474 A DE102012006474 A DE 102012006474A DE 102012006474 A1 DE102012006474 A1 DE 102012006474A1
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- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- cells
- direct current
- battery system
- switching matrix
- battery
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Stand der Technik ist es, bei in Serie geschalteten Akkuzellen bzw. parallelen Zellverbänden Ausgleichsschaltungen einzusetzen, etwa um fertigungsbedingte oder durch unterschiedliche Zellalterung entstehende Zellunterschiede auszugleichen. Diese Ausgleichsschaltungen regulieren den Ladestrom, in dem üblicherweise starker oder bereits vollständig geladene Zellen in geeigneter Weise einen reduzierten Ladestrom erhalten oder ganz von der weiteren Ladung ausgenommen werden, damit letztlich alle Zellen in den gleichen Ladezustand versetzt werden. Dazu können auch digital arbeitende Schaltungen verwendet werden.The state of the art is to use balancing circuits in series-connected rechargeable battery cells or parallel cell assemblies, for example to compensate for production-related or cell differentiation resulting from different cell aging. These equalization circuits regulate the charging current, in which usually strong or already fully charged cells receive a reduced charge current in a suitable manner or are completely excluded from the further charge, so that ultimately all cells are put into the same state of charge. For this purpose, digitally operating circuits can be used.
Bei digital arbeitenden Ausgleichsschaltungen kann die Zellangleichung per Ladungstransfer vorgenommen werden. Dazu wird ermittelt, welche Zellen innerhalb des Batteriesystems zusätzlicher Ladung bedürfen, also geringere Zellenspannungen besitzen, um dann diese Zellen mit zusätzlicher Ladung zu versorgen. Diese zusätzliche Ladung kann über Gleichspannungswandler aus der Gesamtspannung der in Serie geschalteten Akkuzellen erzeugt werden und via Schaltmatrix verteilt werden.In the case of digital compensation circuits, cell matching can be performed by charge transfer. For this purpose, it is determined which cells within the battery system require additional charge, ie have lower cell voltages, in order then to supply these cells with additional charge. This additional charge can be generated by DC-DC converters from the total voltage of the series-connected battery cells and distributed via switching matrix.
Kritik am Stand der TechnikCriticism of the state of the art
Ein Einschränkung des umrissenen digital arbeitenden Systems, bei dem zum Angleichen der Ladezustände ein Gleichspannungswandler eingesetzt wird, der über eine Schaltmatrix die Zellen mit geringerer Zellenspannung gezielt nachladen kann, liegt darin, dass vereinzelte Zellen sehr geringer Kapazität bei hohen Ladeströmen zu schnell in der Spannung ansteigen, obwohl das große Feld relativ ähnlicher Zellen untereinander sehr gut in der Ladung angeglichen wird. Um dieses „weglaufen” einzelner Zellen geringer Kapazität zu verhindern, bleibt bei dem kritisierten System nur die Reduktion des Ladestroms, was jedoch zu einer Verlängerung des Ladevorganges führt. Je mehr Zellen in Serie geschaltet werden, desto deutlicher tritt dieser Effekt hervor.A limitation of the outlined digitally operating system in which a DC-DC converter is used to adjust the charge states, which can reload the cells with lower cell voltage via a switching matrix, is that isolated cells of very low capacity at high charging currents rise too fast in the voltage Although the large field of relatively similar cells is very well matched with each other in the charge. In order to prevent this "run away" individual cells of low capacity, remains in the criticized system, only the reduction of the charging current, which, however, leads to an extension of the charging process. The more cells are connected in series, the clearer this effect will be.
Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention
Verfahren und Vorrichtung dieser Erfindung steuern den Ladungsausgleich auf eine neuartige Weise, in dem die zum Angleichen der geringer geladenen Zellen erforderliche Energie von einer geeigneten potentialfreien Wandlereinheit geliefert wird, die ihre Energie aus dem kompletten Akkusystem oder einem modularisiertem Teil des Akkusystems bzw. aus einzelnen Zellen oder parallelen Zellverbänden bezieht. Diese Wandlereinheit ist dazu erfindungsgemäß bidirektional ausgelegt und kann bei Bedarf somit auch Energie von einzelnen Zellen oder parallele Zellenverbände abziehen und dem kompletten Akkusystem oder einem modularisiertem Teil des Akkusystems zuführen. Der Ladungsausgleich wird per Schaltmatrix gesteuert, die erfingungsgemäß einzelne Zellen oder parallele Zellenverbände mit der Wandlereinheit verbindet. Gegenüber des bekannten Ladungstransfers zwischen einzelnen Zellen durch einen „fliegenden” Kondensator, besitzt die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung den Vorteil einer konstanten oder bei Bedarf besser steuerbaren Transferleistung, die eben nicht mehr vom Grad des Zellausgleichs stark beeinflusst wird. Ein weiterer Vorteil liegt in der Möglichkeit, größere Zellanordnungen in Module aufteilen zu können, die über eine gemeinsame Wandlereinheit entsprechender Leistung ausgeglichen werden können.The method and apparatus of this invention control charge balancing in a novel manner in which the energy required to equalize the less charged cells is supplied by a suitable floating transducer unit which draws its energy from the entire battery system or a modularized part of the battery system or parallel cell aggregates. According to the invention, this converter unit is bidirectionally designed and, if necessary, can therefore also dissipate energy from individual cells or parallel cell units and feed it to the complete battery system or to a modularized part of the battery system. Charge compensation is controlled by a switching matrix, which according to the invention connects individual cells or parallel cell groups to the converter unit. Compared to the known charge transfer between individual cells by a "flying" capacitor, the arrangement according to the invention has the advantage of a constant or, if necessary, better controllable transfer performance, which is no longer strongly influenced by the degree of cell compensation. A further advantage lies in the possibility of being able to divide larger cell arrangements into modules which can be compensated by means of a common converter unit of corresponding power.
Beschreibungdescription
Erfindungsgemäß werden, wie in
Kernstück der Wandlereinheit ist vorzugsweise ein geeigneter Gleichspannungswandler
Am Beispiel von hier lediglich drei Akkuzellen (bzw. parallelen Zellverbänden) soll das Funktionsprinzip erläutert werden. Die Schaltmatrix
Zunächst muss natürlich, um entscheiden zu können, welche Zeilen zusätzliche Ladung benötigen oder welche Zellen bereits einen zu hohen Ladezustand haben und dementsprechend gezielt einen Teil der Ladung abgeben sollen, der Ladezustand der Zellen bekannt sein. Dazu dient eine hier lediglich angedeutete, weil hinreichend bekannte Messschaltung in Form eines mehrkanaligen A/D-Wandlers
Da ein einmaliges oder auch mehrfaches Ablaufen des beschriebenen Vorganges, also der Zellspannungsmessung und der gezielten Verbindung der Wandlereinheit mit einzelnen Zelle meist nicht ausreicht, um eine Angleichung des Ladezustandes aller Zellen zu erreichen, wird dieser Vorgang zyklisch so oft wie nötig wiederholt.Since a single or multiple expiration of the described process, so the cell voltage measurement and the targeted connection of the transducer unit with individual cell usually insufficient to achieve an alignment of the state of charge of all cells, this process is repeated cyclically as often as necessary.
Die Anordnung lässt sich natürlich auf eine wesentlich größere Anzahl von in Serie geschalteten Akkuzellen bzw. paralleler Zellverbände durch einfache Erweiterung der Schaltmatrix ausweiten, was in der Praxis auch üblich sein wird.Of course, the arrangement can be extended to a much larger number of battery cells connected in series or parallel cell assemblies by simple expansion of the switching matrix, which will also be common in practice.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102012006474A DE102012006474A1 (en) | 2011-10-28 | 2012-03-26 | Method for loading and unloading individual cells of battery system, involves connecting selector switches of switching matrix with battery cells through transducer unit comprising direct current to direct current converter |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102011117608 | 2011-10-28 | ||
DE102011117608.3 | 2011-10-28 | ||
DE102012006474A DE102012006474A1 (en) | 2011-10-28 | 2012-03-26 | Method for loading and unloading individual cells of battery system, involves connecting selector switches of switching matrix with battery cells through transducer unit comprising direct current to direct current converter |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE102012006474A1 true DE102012006474A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
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ID=48084373
Family Applications (1)
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DE102012006474A Ceased DE102012006474A1 (en) | 2011-10-28 | 2012-03-26 | Method for loading and unloading individual cells of battery system, involves connecting selector switches of switching matrix with battery cells through transducer unit comprising direct current to direct current converter |
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DE (1) | DE102012006474A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102016220120A1 (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2018-04-19 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Power system |
CN107968446A (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2018-04-27 | 华为技术有限公司 | Distributed battery bag electric power system and charge/discharge control method |
EP3691075A1 (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2020-08-05 | Quanta Computer Inc. | Regulating device for balancing battery sets and battery automatic balancing system using the same |
DE102021120232B3 (en) | 2021-08-04 | 2023-01-26 | Metabowerke Gmbh | System and method for configuring a configurable battery pack |
EP4346054A1 (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2024-04-03 | INVENTVM Semiconductor SRL | Active battery balancing device |
-
2012
- 2012-03-26 DE DE102012006474A patent/DE102012006474A1/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102016220120A1 (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2018-04-19 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Power system |
CN107968446A (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2018-04-27 | 华为技术有限公司 | Distributed battery bag electric power system and charge/discharge control method |
EP3691075A1 (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2020-08-05 | Quanta Computer Inc. | Regulating device for balancing battery sets and battery automatic balancing system using the same |
CN111509791A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2020-08-07 | 广达电脑股份有限公司 | Battery automatic regulating unit and battery automatic balancing system |
CN111509791B (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2021-10-26 | 广达电脑股份有限公司 | Battery automatic regulating unit and battery automatic balancing system |
DE102021120232B3 (en) | 2021-08-04 | 2023-01-26 | Metabowerke Gmbh | System and method for configuring a configurable battery pack |
EP4346054A1 (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2024-04-03 | INVENTVM Semiconductor SRL | Active battery balancing device |
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