DE102011121787A1 - Control device for control of transmission device of electrical converter device for use in vehicle e.g. aircraft, has voltage boosting unit for generating intermediate voltage higher than input voltage - Google Patents

Abstract

The control device (16) comprises a voltage boosting unit for generating the intermediate voltage higher than an input voltage, for control of the transmission device (18). The voltage boosting unit comprises a capacitor for storing energy for control of the transmission device. A power switch is provided for temporary immediate connection of the voltage boosting unit and the transmission device. An independent claim is included for an electrical converter device.

Description

The invention relates to a drive device for controlling a transmission device of an electrical converter device. Moreover, the invention relates to an electrical converter device and a vehicle with a converter device.

In an aircraft, various electrical power distribution networks usually have different characteristics. Thus, the on-board electronics are powered by means of a low-voltage network, which has a voltage of 28 V, for example. Larger consumers, for example actuators, are supplied by means of a high-voltage network, referred to below as a high-voltage network, which has a voltage of, for example, 270 V DC or ± 270 V DC

Thus, it is an object of the invention to develop an electrical converter device of the type mentioned in such a way so that their operational capability is improved in aircraft. In addition, an electrical converter device is to be proposed, which takes into account the special requirements of the use in aircraft.

To solve the problem, a drive device is proposed which has a voltage boosting device for generating an intermediate voltage, which is higher than an input voltage, for driving the transmission device.

The fact that the control of the transmission device is carried out with an increased voltage, the transmission device can be made lighter and smaller. In addition, can be dispensed with complex filter in the driving device, so that their structure is simplified.

Advantageous embodiments are subject of the dependent claims 2 to 7.

The voltage booster may include a capacitor for storing energy to drive the transmitter. By using a capacitor as an energy storage can be easily generate a voltage using a constant current source.

In an advantageous embodiment, the voltage boosting device has a power switch for temporarily direct connection of the voltage booster with the transmission device. In this way, the energy stored in the capacitor can be used directly to drive the transmission device.

The drive device may have a power switch for temporary direct connection of the transmission device with an electrical ground.

The control device can advantageously have a control device for the power switches, wherein the control device is designed for alternating switching of the power switches.

The control device may have a plurality of substantially identically structured sections for time-delayed control of the transmission device. If a plurality of drive sections are provided which are operated out of phase, then both the uniformity of the output voltage of the converter device as well as the uniformity of the input voltage or the input current of the converter device improves. Through improved uniformity of the inputs and outputs of the converter device, the necessary filter effort is reduced, thus simplifying the design and reducing the weight.

Each of the sections may have its own voltage booster. As a result, the voltage booster can resort to the components of the individual sections and can be operated synchronously with the sections.

Furthermore, to solve the problem, a converter device for coupling electrical wiring systems of an aircraft is proposed, which has a transmission device, a converter and one of the above-mentioned control devices.

Due to the simplified structure of the control device and the structure of the other components, in particular the transmission device is simplified. In addition, the weight of the converter device can be reduced.

A vehicle having one of the above-mentioned driving devices and / or the above-mentioned converter device has the advantage that the weight required for coupling devices for on-board electrical systems can be reduced. The vehicle includes a road vehicle, a rail vehicle, watercraft, in particular aircraft. The driving device may be used in any stationary or transportable electronic unit.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment which is shown schematically in the drawings. They show in detail:

1 A functional diagram of an electrical conversion device with a drive device according to the present invention;

2 an embodiment of an electrical converter device of the prior art;

3 an embodiment of an electrical conversion device according to the present invention with an embodiment of the driving device according to the present invention and

4 a diagram with current curves within the driver.

An electrical transducer device, as in 1 is shown is as a network coupler 10 for connecting a first electrical network 12 with a second electrical network 14 educated. The network coupler 10 can be operated in both directions. It is both possible, the second network 14 with energy from the first network 12 as well as vice versa the first network 12 with energy from the second network 14 to supply.

The network coupler 10 has a drive device 16 , a transmission device 18 and a converter 20 on.

The transmission device 18 provides a galvanic isolation between the driver 16 and the converter 20 ready. The first network 12 is through wires 22 electrically with the control device 16 connected. The second network 14 is through wires 24 electrically with the converter 20 connected. The transmission device 18 has connection devices for lines 26 . 28 on, through which they are electrically connected to the control device 16 and with the converter 20 connected is.

In the 2 shown known converter device 30 shows some basic principles of electrical converter devices 10 . 30 , It has a drive device 36 , a transmission device 38 and a forming device 40 on. The driving device 36 is with a first network 32 and the transmission device 38 connected.

The driving device 36 has two circuit breakers 42 . 43 on, which are controlled by a control device, not shown. In addition, the drive device 36 a high pass on, which in this example as a capacitor 44 is executed.

The transmission device 38 has a transformer 46 with a primary page 48 and a secondary side 50 on. On the primary side 48 is a winding 52 for connection to the control device 36 intended. On the secondary side 50 are two windings 54 . 56 for connection to the converter 40 intended. The primary side 48 and the secondary side 50 are galvanically isolated, so that between the winding 52 on the primary side 48 and the windings 54 . 56 on the secondary side 50 there is no electrical connection.

The windings 54 . 56 are aligned in the same direction and connected in series. The winding 52 is in the opposite direction to the windings 54 . 56 aligned. The windings 52 . 54 . 56 each have the same number of turns. Usually the windings become 52 . 54 . 56 arranged around a common core.

The converter 40 has two circuit breakers 58 on which the windings 54 . 56 with an exit 60 the converter 40 boarded. Between the windings 54 . 56 There is a tap provided by a coil 62 to the exit 60 to be led. At the exit 60 is a smoothing capacitor 64 arranged, which smoothes the output signal.

In operation, the circuit breakers 42 . 43 from the controller 36 alternately on and off. Each one of the circuit breakers 42 . 43 is closed, the other circuit breaker 42 . 43 open. This results in two operating phases of the converter device, which alternate constantly. The curve 42a shows a possible drive signal for the circuit breaker 42 , the curve 43a a possible drive signal for the circuit breaker 43 ,

Is the circuit breaker 42 closed, so flows over the high pass 44 a current through the winding 52 , By this current is in the core 48 built up a magnetic field, which causes that in the windings 54 . 56 a voltage is induced. The circuit breakers 58 on the secondary side 50 are connected so that they act like a rectifier.

Is the circuit breaker 42 open and the circuit breaker 43 closed, the magnetic field in the core 48 degraded and in turn by this change in the magnetic field strength, a voltage in the windings 54 . 56 induced. Once the magnetic field in the core 48 is dismantled, the circuit breaker 43 reopened and the circuit breaker 42 closed so that the process starts over.

The high pass 44 filters out DC components of the drive so that the core is avoided 48 in saturation, since in this case efficient energy transfer through the transformer 46 is no longer guaranteed.

By the construction and interconnection of the windings 54 . 56 on the secondary side is reached, that at the output 60 at half the voltage of the first network 32 a current is twice as large as the current of the first network 32 is removed. It is also possible by changing the number of turns of the windings 52 . 54 . 56 to reach that at the exit 60 the double voltage of the first network 32 is applied, but only half as much power can be removed. Other conversion ratios are possible. Furthermore, the materials used, for example, the cross-section of the for the windings limit 52 . 54 . 56 used wire, the performance of the converter device 30 ,

A high voltage network of an aircraft may be powered from a generator contained in the engines of the aircraft. The low voltage grid is generally powered by batteries. These batteries must be charged regularly, which can happen, for example, in flight with engines running. Therefore, it is desired that the low voltage network from the high voltage network and vice versa, the high voltage network can be fed from the low voltage grid.

The in 3 shown network coupler 10 is used to connect a first network, which in this case is a low-voltage network 12 is, with a second network, which in this case is a high-voltage network 14 is used. It is also possible instead of the low voltage network 12 to use a high voltage network whose voltage is lower than that of the second network. The driving device 16 of the network coupler 10 has two identically structured sections: booster 66 . 68 , Every booster 66 . 68 has a throttle 70 on, which serves to smooth the input current.

Between the throttle 70 and a crowd 71 is a circuit breaker 72 intended. The circuit breakers 72 the booster 66 . 68 are driven by a control device, not shown.

Between the circuit breaker 72 and the throttle 70 are lines 26 connected to the transmission facility 18 to lead.

The transmission device 18 has a transformer 74 with a first winding 76 , a second winding 78 and a core 80 on. The windings 76 . 78 are around the core 80 arranged and galvanically separated from each other. In the present case, the winding points 78 twice the number of turns than the winding 76 , Other winding ratios than 1: 2 can be used depending on the application, for example, 1: 1, 1: 5 and 2: 1 or 5: 1.

The wires 26 are at the first winding 76 connected. At the second winding 78 are lines 28 connected, which is the second winding 78 with the converter 20 connect.

The converter 20 has an H-bridge 82 on, the circuit breakers 84 having. If the low voltage network 12 the high voltage network 14 should feed, then the circuit breaker 84 so driven that they come out of one in the second winding 78 induced voltage to generate a voltage that the high voltage network 14 can dine. Unless the high voltage network 14 is operated with DC voltage, generates the H-bridge 82 a DC voltage, provided the high voltage network 14 operated with AC voltage, generates the H-bridge 82 an alternating voltage with one to the high voltage network 14 adjusted frequency and waveform.

As already in the known embodiment 2 implied it is necessary that the first winding 76 which is located on the side of the transformer where the low voltage network 12 connected, must be designed to accommodate a much larger current than the second winding 78 , This results from the fact that the transmitted power, ie the product of current and voltage, on both windings 76 . 78 of the transformer 74 must be largely the same, with only the losses of the transformer 74 and the material of the windings 76 . 78 for deviations.

For large power is thus comparatively large and heavy first winding 76 necessary. To the size and weight of the first winding 76 to reduce, point out the boosters 66 . 68 each a voltage booster 86 . 88 on. Each of the voltage booster devices 86 . 88 again has a circuit breaker 90 and a capacitor 92 on.

The circuit breakers 90 are in push-pull to the circuit breakers connected to them 72 periodically opened and closed. So if the circuit breaker 72 in the booster 66 is open, so is the circuit breaker 90 in the booster 66 closed and vice versa. The circuit breakers 72 . 90 in the booster 68 are also periodically opened and closed. The process in the booster 68 is to the expiration in the booster 66 however, phase-shifted by 180 °. The ratio of input to Switch-off time of the circuit breaker 72 . 90 is determined by a duty cycle of the controller. In the present embodiment, the duty cycle is 50%, so that the power switch 72 . 90 each period is closed for 50% of the time and open for 50% of the time. A duty cycle of 30% would cause the circuit breaker 72 closed in each period for 30% of the time and open for 70% of the time. The circuit breaker 90 in this case would be closed in each period for 70% of the time and open for 30% of the time.

The capacitor 92 is through the circuit breaker 90 periodically with the throttle 70 and the first winding 76 connected. The current flow through the choke 70 and the first winding 76 cause the capacitor 92 as far as it is charged, that an intermediate voltage produced on it, the voltage of the low-voltage network 12 clearly exceeds. The implemented circuit principle is similar to that of a boost converter. The advantage of integrating this circuit principle directly into the drive path of the transmission device 18 lies in the use of existing in the circuit breaker 90 ,

The on the capacitors 92 resulting increased between voltage causes for feeding a certain power in the first winding 76 a lower current is required than when using the lower voltage of the low voltage network 12 ,

By changing the control of the circuit breaker 72 . 84 . 90 The direction of power transmission can be reversed, allowing energy from the high voltage network 14 in the low voltage network 12 is transmitted. The capacitors 92 the voltage booster devices 86 . 88 can be used in this case to smooth the output voltage. To generate an intermediate voltage they are not needed in this case.

The driving device 16 achieved by their construction with the voltage booster devices 86 . 88 a particularly even current drain from the low-voltage network 12 , In 4 is the current at different points of the control device 16 shown as a function of time in several diagrams. The curve 94 shows the current flow through the choke 70 the booster 68 , the curve 96 the current flow through the throttle 70 the booster 66 , The current flow on the lines 22 to the low voltage network 12 gets off the curve 98 shown.

The curve 98 shows that the current flow is very uniform, which in the case of ordinary control devices 16 necessary filter can be reduced to a minimum. This effect results not least from the buffering effect of the capacitors 92 which in particular absorb the current spikes when switching between operating phases.

The turns ratio of the windings 76 . 78 can by the use of the voltage booster 86 . 88 be chosen very low, for example, 1: 1. Such a low turns ratio is preferred because it reduces the leakage losses in the transformer 74 be minimized. This further implies that the core 80 less expensive, which in turn is reflected in a weight loss. In addition, for the winding 76 used due to the higher operating voltage for lower currents, which also the weight compared to the converter device 30 is reduced. Due to the low leakage losses of the transformer 74 It is possible, very high switching frequencies for the operation of the network coupler 10 to use.

Despite the low turns ratio it is with the network coupler 10 possible to achieve a high ratio of output to input voltage.

The embodiment shows the driving device 16 with two essentially identical booster 66 . 68 , A larger number of boosters 66 . 68 is usable. The phase shift between the boosters also changes. So it is preferable when using three boosters 66 . 68 to provide a phase shift of 120 °. With four boosters 66 . 68 it is preferable to provide a phase shift of 90 °.

It is also possible different switching frequencies for switching between the operating phases of the circuit breaker 72 . 90 to use. In the present example, the switching frequency is 100 kHz. However, a wide range of frequencies is usable, in particular between about 10 kHz to 1 MHz.

In the present embodiment, as the duty ratio of the driving of the power switch 72 . 90 used a value of 50%. Other duty cycles can be used depending on the application. In particular, the duty cycle can be between 0% and 70%. The duty cycle can also be adapted dynamically to the current performance requirements.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

Network coupler (electrical converter device)

12

Low voltage network (first network)

14

High voltage network (second network)

16

driving means

18

transmission equipment

20

converter

22

management

24

management

26

management

28

management

30

converter device

32

First network

36

driving means

38

transmission equipment

40

converter

42

breakers

42a

Curve

43

breakers

43a

Curve

44

Capacitor (high pass)

46

transformer

48

primary

50

secondary side

52

winding

54

winding

56

winding

58

breakers

60

output

62

Kitchen sink

64

smoothing capacitor

66

booster

68

booster

70

throttle

71

Dimensions

72

breakers

74

transformer

76

First winding

78

Second winding

80

core

82

H-bridge

84

breakers

86

Voltage booster

88

Voltage booster

90

breakers

92

capacitor

94

Curve

96

Curve

98

Curve

t

Time

Claims (9)

Control device ( 16 ) for controlling a transmission device ( 18 ) an electrical converter device ( 10 ), wherein the driving device ( 16 ) a voltage booster ( 86 . 88 ) for generating an intermediate voltage, which is increased in relation to an input voltage, for the control of the transmission device ( 18 ) having. Control device according to claim 1, characterized in that the voltage booster ( 86 . 88 ) a capacitor ( 92 ) for storing energy for controlling the transmission device ( 18 ) having. Control device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the voltage booster device ( 86 . 88 ) a circuit breaker ( 90 ) for temporary direct connection of the voltage booster ( 86 . 88 ) with the transmission device ( 18 ) having. Control device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control device ( 16 ) a circuit breaker ( 72 ) for temporary direct connection of the transmission equipment ( 18 ) having an electrical ground. Control device according to claim 3 and claim 4, characterized by a control device for the circuit breaker ( 72 . 90 ), wherein the control device for alternately switching the circuit breaker ( 72 . 90 ) is trained. Control device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control device ( 16 ) a plurality of substantially identically structured sections ( 66 . 68 ) for the time-delayed activation of the transmission device ( 18 ) having. Control device according to Claim 6, characterized in that each of the sections ( 66 . 68 ) a separate voltage booster device ( 86 . 88 ) having. Converter device ( 10 ) for the coupling of electrical on-board networks of an aircraft, with a control device ( 16 ), a transmission device ( 18 ) and a converter ( 20 ), characterized by a driving device ( 16 ) according to any one of the preceding claims. Vehicle, characterized by a driving device ( 16 ) according to one of claims 1 to 7 and / or a converter device ( 10 ) according to claim 8.

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