DE102011118721A1 - Heating device has heating unit having heat sources which are arranged in parallel with respect to heat flowing line and heat returning line, and are provided with heat source valves individually connected to heat flowing line - Google Patents

Abstract

The device (100) has a fluid reservoir (1) which comprises heat exchangers (2-4) arranged one above the other, each having lead portions (21,31,41) and return portions (22,32,42). Each lead portion is connected with the heat flowing line (61) through feed valves (311,411). Each return portion is connected to heat returning line (62). A heating unit (80) has heat sources (91-96) which are arranged in parallel with respect to heat flowing line and heat returning line. Each heat source comprise heat source valves (911,921,931,941,951,961) individually connected to the heat flowing line. An independent claim is included for method for operating heating device.

Description

The invention relates to a heating device with a heating device according to the preamble of claim 1 and a fluid reservoir, and a method for operating such a heating device according to the preamble of claim 5. It is known from the prior art to equip a fluid reservoir with a plurality of heat exchangers to load this, d. H. to heat the fluid in the fluid reservoir. Convection currents lead to a temperature-dependent stratification of the fluid at different heights in the fluid reservoir. Therefore, the heat exchangers are also in different heights of the fluid reservoir in order to load the fluid reservoir variable and above all dependent on a currently available heat output of a heat source can. If the heat output of the heat source is not sufficient to heat fluid layers located high above, the heat generated is transferred via a heat exchanger located further down in the fluid reservoir.

A suitable heating device with a fluid reservoir shows, for example DE 89 03 089.3 U1 , A heating circuit with two arranged in the fluid storage heat exchangers is designed such that either the upper and the lower heat exchanger for loading the fluid reservoir are flowed through by a heat transfer medium, or only the lower heat exchanger is flowed through. For this purpose, a multi-way valve is arranged in the flow of the upper heat exchanger, which is connected to the flow of the lower heat exchanger. The return of the upper heat exchanger also opens into the flow of the lower heat exchanger. By switching the multi-way valve, it is possible to switch between the two flow-through variants "top + bottom" and "bottom only".

Another heating device with fluid storage shows DE 27 29 082 A1 , Their heating circuit with two arranged in the fluid storage heat exchangers and a solar collector as a heat source is also the loading of the fluid reservoir. Both heat exchangers each have a flow, wherein the headers are connected via a common multi-way valve with a main flow. The main flow is optionally connected to the upper or lower heat exchanger. The returns of the two heat exchangers merge into one another at a junction and are directly connected to the solar collector. Furthermore, a pump is arranged in the main flow to be able to circulate a refrigerant in the heating circuit. Finally, a throttle is provided in the flow of the upper heat exchanger in order to throttle the present flow rate of the refrigerant can. This makes it possible to heat the above-layered fluid to a high temperature. However, the efficiency of the heating circuit is poor due to the high temperature level of the heat transfer medium.

Also DE 196 49 779 A1 describes such an arrangement, but without limiting the heat source to a solar collector. In addition, this also shows an embodiment, each with a throttle in the heats of the heat exchanger. On a multi-way valve is omitted in this embodiment. This allows an adjustable parallel flow through both heat exchangers with a heat transfer medium. Deviating from DE 27 29 082 A1 the pump is located here in the main return instead of the main flow. In addition, an embodiment shows a series connection of the heat exchangers. In this embodiment, no valves or throttles are shown, so that can not be changed without conversion from a series connection to a parallel connection of the heat exchanger and / or to a single heat exchanger. Conversely, there is no possibility to connect the heat exchangers of the other embodiments shown in series. The disadvantage here is that the fluid storage can not be optimally loaded.

DE 196 49 779 A1 further shows an embodiment in which an additional third heat exchanger is arranged in the fluid reservoir. This is connected to a second heat source. As a result, the circuits of the individual heat sources are separated. The disadvantage here is that fluid storage with heat exchangers for several heat sources are expensive and the fluid storage is still inefficient loading. Due to the number of heat exchangers in the fluid storage and its storage volume decreases. In smaller fluid reservoirs, it is not possible due to the required installation space of the heat exchanger to provide a plurality of heat sources for loading the fluid reservoir. Individual heat exchangers are not used over long periods of time, but still take up space inside the fluid reservoir, for example the heat exchangers belonging to a solar collector in the dark and in the winter.

The invention is therefore based on the object to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to develop an apparatus and a method with which an efficient loading of a compact and inexpensive fluid reservoir with multiple heat sources is possible.

This is achieved with the features of claims 1 and 5 according to the invention. Advantageous developments can be found in the dependent claims.

The invention relates to a heating device with a heater and a fluid reservoir, wherein the fluid reservoir has a first heat exchanger and at least one further heat exchanger, each with a flow and a return, and wherein the heat exchangers are arranged inside the fluid reservoir on top of each other, each flow via a flow valve with a heating flow is connectable, each return is connected or connectable to a heating return, and wherein the heater has at least two heat sources, which are arranged in relation to the heating flow and the heating return in parallel and each via a heat source valve individually connectable to the heating flow.

As a result, a flexible sharing of the heat exchanger by a plurality of heat sources is possible. Accordingly, the fluid storage is compact and inexpensive to produce. The heat sources can be connected individually or together with the heating flow. Which of the heat sources are connected to the heating flow depends on the available heat output and the heating demand. In addition, a high efficiency in loading is achieved by the variable selection of the heat exchanger.

A development of the invention provides that at least three heat exchangers are provided within the fluid reservoir. In this case, the upper heat exchanger usually serves to provide a service water temperature. The lower heat exchanger allows a through-loading of the buffer storage and lying on intermediate heights heat exchangers make it possible to load with little turbulence by Konvektionsströmungen in the fluid storage. In addition, by selecting multiple heat exchangers in parallel or series connection, a larger amount of heat per time can be loaded into the fluid reservoir.

According to a variant of the invention, each flow valve is a multi-way valve. Multi-way valves reduce the number of total necessary valves. This is particularly advantageous when the valves are electronically controlled or regulated, as then less electronic components / actuators are necessary and a coordinated control of the valves is easy. In addition, with appropriate design of the multi-way valves and a metered distribution of the heat transfer medium can be made on multiple valve outputs.

A particularly advantageous version of the invention provides that the return of a heat exchanger via a return valve to the flow of a heat exchanger located immediately below is connectable. Also, the return valve may be formed as a multi-way valve. This allows a series connection of the adjacent heat exchanger, wherein the heat transfer medium first flows through the upper and then the lower heat exchanger. In this way, the temperature of the heat transfer medium in the heating return can be lowered far and the efficiency of the heater is high.

• • Bestimmen eines Heizbedarfs im Fluidspeicher und/oder von einem angeschlossenen Wärmeverbraucher;
• • Auswahl von wenigstens einem Wärmetauscher;
• • Verbinden des wenigstens einen ausgewählten Wärmetauschers mit einer Wärmequelle der Heizeinrichtung durch Öffnen der notwendigen Vorlaufventile, der notwendigen Rücklaufventile und der zugehörigen Wärmequellenventile.

The invention further relates to a method for operating a heating device with a heating device and a fluid reservoir, the fluid reservoir having a first heat exchanger and at least one further heat exchanger, each having a flow and a return, wherein the heat exchangers are arranged inside the fluid reservoir on top of each other, wherein each flow Each return line is connected to a heating return or connectable via a multi-way valve, wherein the heating device has at least two heat sources arranged in parallel with respect to the heating flow and the heating return and each with a heat source valve individually with the heating flow are connectable, and wherein the flow valves, the multi-way valves and the heat source valves are actuated by means of a control unit, comprising the following steps:

• Determining a heating demand in the fluid storage and / or from a connected heat consumer;
• Selection of at least one heat exchanger;
• • Connecting the at least one selected heat exchanger with a heat source of the heater by opening the necessary flow valves, the necessary return valves and the associated heat source valves.

The method thus allows a very variable combination of heat sources with the heat exchangers. As a result, the efficiency of the loading of the fluid reservoir is high. In addition, the latter can be made compact and inexpensive. The heat sources can be connected individually or together with the heating flow. Preferably, the heat source valves for a combined operation of several heat sources can be controlled. In this way, the heat transfer medium can be fed metered the heat sources according to their available heat output.

• • Bestimmen von verfügbaren Heizleistungen der Wärmequellen;
• • Auswahl von wenigstens einer der Wärmequellen unter Berücksichtigung von deren verfügbarer Heizleistung und des bestimmten Heizbedarfs,
• • Zuordnen einer Wärmequelle zu mindestens einem Wärmetauscher und
• • Herstellen einer Verbindung zwischen der ausgewählten Wärmequelle und dem mindestens einen zugeordneten Wärmetauscher durch Öffnen der notwendigen Vorlaufventile, der notwendigen Mehrwegeventile und der zugehörigen Wärmequellenventile.

According to a variant of the method, the following steps are provided:

• • determining available heat outputs of the heat sources;
• Selection of at least one of the heat sources taking into account their available heating capacity and the particular heating demand,
• • Assign a heat source to at least one heat exchanger and
• • Establishing a connection between the selected heat source and the at least one associated heat exchanger by opening the necessary flow valves, the necessary multi-way valves and the associated heat source valves.

Thus, with the method, the heat source with the currently best efficiency can be selected in each case if a heating demand exists. In sunshine, for example, this could be a solar collector. Another regenerative energy source is heat pumps, which are available at any time and reach higher temperatures than solar systems in the winter half-year. If certain heat sources can not meet the heating demand, either another heat source can be switched on, or be switched to another heat source. The available heat output of the heat sources is either sensed to capture, such as a solar collector, or it is known from the heat source. The latter is the case, for example, with fossil-fired combustion devices or heat pumps. As a result, a high efficiency in the loading of the fluid reservoir is always achieved without comfort disadvantages arise, for example, for hot water consumers. If efficient operation of the heating device is more important than comfort, the most efficient heat source can always be selected.

An important embodiment of the method further comprises the step of connecting the selected heat exchangers in a parallel arrangement and / or in a series arrangement with the heating device as a function of the determined heating demand and the selected heat sources. In this case, for the series arrangement of two heat exchangers, the return of the higher-order heat exchanger is connected by means of switching the arranged in this multi-way valve to the flow of the deeper heat exchanger.

The heating demand can be determined for this purpose, for example, with temperature sensors in different heights of the fluid reservoir. Depending on the particular partial Heizbedarfe can then be selected between the different switching options of the heat exchanger. It is particularly important that few convection currents occur in the fluid reservoir.

Furthermore, the selected heat exchangers can be separated from the heater when the heating demand is satisfied, in particular at the height of the respective heat exchanger. For this purpose, the control unit can close the necessary valves.

Important supplementary process steps for determining the heating requirement in the fluid reservoir comprise, firstly, determining fluid temperatures in the fluid reservoir in the region of the heat exchangers by means of temperature sensors, and secondly determining the heating requirement of the fluid in the fluid reservoir by comparing the fluid temperatures with limit temperatures.

A correct determination of the heating requirements improves the efficiency of the load. A heating requirement is only at the height of the fluid reservoir on which the specific temperature is less than the limit temperature. Only at the heights where there is a need for heating, finally, the associated heat exchanger is selected. The limit temperatures are either specified manually or optimized by learning effects of a control unit.

In order to avoid convection currents of the fluid in the fluid reservoir, it is provided in a supplementary embodiment of the method that those heat exchangers are separated from the heating flow, at the height of which a temperature determined with a temperature sensor is higher than a temperature determined further above in the fluid reservoir. The separation takes place by means of switching the flow valves.

Furthermore, the invention can provide that the heat sources assigned priorities and stored in the control unit. The selection of the available heat source is then based on the highest priority of the heat sources with available heating power. For example, in a regeneratively designed heating system, a first heat source, which is a solar collector and / or a heat pump, could be given the highest priority. A classic heat source with combustion then receives a lower priority and is only switched on if the heat sources with higher priority can not meet the heating demand.

A heat pump can also be combined with a solar collector, the solar collector then the highest and the heat pump is assigned as an electrical energy consumer then a lower priority. The third source of heat is then an oil burner, gas burner or an electric heater into consideration. For peak consumption, the heat output of a heat pump or a solar collector is usually insufficient. The control unit connects in this case, the third heat source to the upper heat exchanger, when the fluid in the fluid storage much heat is removed or removed fluid from the upper region of the fluid reservoir and refilled colder fluid. Thus, only the heating demand is covered in the upper part of the fluid reservoir with the third heat source. The other areas stand for the more efficient heat sources like the heat pump and the Solar collector available. Accordingly, the efficiency of the heater is high and at the same time the comfort requirements, for example, in the hot water preparation is sufficient.

To counteract or kill germs in the fluid reservoir, the method may be supplemented with the step of selecting at least the lower heat exchanger by the control unit in a sterilization mode and connecting to the heater until the temperature in the lower heat exchanger reaches a defined sterilization temperature exceeds. The sterilization temperature is over 60 degrees Celsius and preferably about 70 degrees Celsius. This is stored in the control unit or can be stored.

The drawing illustrates an embodiment of the invention and shows in a single figure a heating device 100 with a fluid reservoir 1 and a heater 80 ,

The fluid reservoir 1 has a first heat exchanger 2 , a second heat exchanger 3 and a third heat exchanger 4 on. These each have a lead 21 . 31 . 41 and a return 22 . 32 . 42 , Furthermore, the heat exchangers 2 . 3 . 4 within the fluid reservoir 1 arranged one above the other. In particular, the first heat exchanger 2 above, the second heat exchanger 3 below and the third heat exchanger 4 arranged between these.

The heats 21 . 31 . 41 are each via a flow valve 311 . 411 with a heating flow 61 connectable. In addition, the returns 22 . 42 the first and the third heat exchanger 2 . 4 via multiway valves 221 . 421 with a heating return 62 connectable, as well as the second heat exchanger 3 with his return 32 with the heating return 62 connected. Each flow valve 311 . 411 is just as a multi-way valve as the multi-way valve 221 . 421 in the return. About the multi-way valves 221 . 421 are the returns 22 . 42 the first and the third heat exchanger 2 . 4 each with the lead 31 . 41 the immediately below arranged heat exchanger 3 . 4 connectable.

The heater 80 has six heat sources 91 . 92 . 93 . 94 . 95 . 96 on that in relation to the heating flow 61 and the heating return 62 arranged in parallel and in each case via a heat source valve 911 . 921 . 931 . 941 . 951 . 961 individually with the heating flow 61 are connectable.

Furthermore, in the fluid reservoir 1 in the field of heat exchangers 2 . 3 . 4 temperature sensors 23 . 33 . 43 arranged, with which the fluid temperatures T2, T3, T4 in the region of the respective heat exchanger 2 . 3 . 4 are determinable. A control device 50 is with the temperature sensors 23 . 33 . 43 , the electronically controllable flow valves 311 . 411 , the multiway valves 221 . 421 , the heat source valves 911 . 921 . 931 . 941 . 951 . 961 as well as the heat sources 91 . 92 . 93 . 94 . 95 . 96 connected.

• • Bestimmen eines Heizbedarfs im Fluidspeicher 1 und/oder von einem angeschlossenen Wärmeverbraucher;
• • Auswahl von wenigstens einem Wärmetauscher 2, 3, 4;
• • Verbinden des wenigstens einen ausgewählten Wärmetauschers 2, 3, 4 mit einer Wärmequelle 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96 der Heizeinrichtung 80 durch Öffnen der notwendigen Vorlaufventile 311, 411, der notwendigen Mehrwegeventile 221, 421 und der zugehörigen Wärmequellenventile 911, 921, 931, 941, 951, 961.

With this heater 100 a method can now be implemented in which the following steps are carried out:

• • Determining a heating requirement in the fluid storage 1 and / or from a connected heat consumer;
• • Selection of at least one heat exchanger 2 . 3 . 4 ;
• • connecting the at least one selected heat exchanger 2 . 3 . 4 with a heat source 91 . 92 . 93 . 94 . 95 . 96 the heater 80 by opening the necessary flow valves 311 . 411 , the necessary multiway valves 221 . 421 and the associated heat source valves 911 . 921 . 931 . 941 . 951 . 961 ,

In addition, the available heat outputs of the heat sources 91 . 92 . 93 . 94 . 95 . 96 be determined. A selection of at least one of the heat sources 91 . 92 . 93 . 94 . 95 . 96 then takes into account their available heating capacity and the specific heating demand. Besides, the heat sources 91 . 92 . 93 . 94 . 95 . 96 in the control unit 50 Assigned priorities. The control device 50 always selects those available heat sources 91 . 92 . 93 . 94 . 95 . 96 with the highest priority. Here is the first heat source 91 a heat pump assigned the highest priority. The second heat source 92 is a solar collector to which the second highest priority is assigned, and the third heat source 93 is a burner with a lower priority. The burner is controlled by the control unit 50 only with the upper first heat exchanger 2 connected when the fluid F in the upper region of the fluid reservoir 1 much heat is removed or fluid F from the upper region of the fluid reservoir 1 removed and refilled colder fluid F is. Also the other heat sources 94 . 95 . 96 are prioritized according to their nature and efficiency.

Furthermore, an assignment of the selected heat sources 91 . 92 . 93 . 94 . 95 . 96 to the at least one selected heat exchanger 2 . 3 . 4 performed. Establishing a connection between the selected heat sources 91 . 92 . 93 . 94 . 95 . 96 and the associated heat exchangers 2 . 3 . 4 then includes opening the necessary flow valves 311 . 411 , the necessary multiway valves 221 . 421 and the associated heat source valves 911 . 921 . 931 . 941 . 951 . 961 ,

Here, the connection of the selected heat exchanger takes place 2 . 3 . 4 with the heater 80 in a parallel arrangement and / or in a series arrangement, as well as in dependence of the determined heating demand and the selected heat sources 91 . 92 . 93 . 94 . 95 . 96 , For the arrangement of two heat exchangers 2 . 3 . 4 will the return 22 . 42 the higher arranged heat exchanger 2 . 4 by switching the arranged in this multi-way valve 221 . 421 with the lead 31 . 41 of the deeper heat exchanger 3 . 4 connected.

In addition, the fluid temperatures T2, T3, T4 in the fluid reservoir 1 in the field of heat exchangers 2 . 3 . 4 by means of temperature sensors 23 . 33 . 43 certainly. By comparing the fluid temperatures T2, T3, T4 with limit temperatures GT2, GT3, GT4, the heating requirement of the fluid F in the fluid reservoir 1 determined. The limit temperatures GT2, GT3, GT4 are in the control device for this purpose 50 deposited. The latter only chooses the heat exchangers 2 . 3 . 4 at the height of the specific temperature T1, T2, T3 is smaller than the limit temperature GT2, GT3, GT4.

In addition, the method provides a selected heat exchanger 2 . 3 . 4 from the heater 80 by closing the necessary valves 221 . 431 . 411 . 311 by means of the control unit 50 to separate when the heating demand is satisfied. The control device 50 also separates those heat exchangers 3 . 4 from the heating flow 61 at the height of which is a temperature sensor 33 . 43 certain temperature T3, T4 is higher than one in the fluid reservoir 1 above determined temperature T2, T4. For this purpose, the flow valves 311 . 411 changed.

At regular time intervals, a sterilization mode is activated. In this at least the lower and the second heat exchanger 3 through the control unit 50 selected and with the heater 80 connected. Subsequently, the fluid reservoir 1 load until the temperature T3 in the area of the lower heat exchanger 3 exceeds a defined disinfection temperature. The necessary high heating demand limits the selection of the heat source 91 . 92 . 93 . 94 . 95 . 96 one. In particular, first of all, a preheating of the fluid F with the heat pump takes place, and then the burner is switched over in order to achieve the required sterilization temperature.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

fluid reservoir

2

first heat exchanger

21

first lead

22

first return

221

first multi-way valve

23

first temperature sensor

3

second heat exchanger

31

second lead

311

second flow valve

32

second return

33

second temperature sensor

4

third heat exchanger

41

third forward

411

third flow valve

42

third return

421

third multi-way valve

43

third temperature sensor

50

control unit

61

Heating flow

62

Heating return

80

heater

91

first heat source

911

first heat source valve

92

second heat source

921

second heat source valve

93

third heat source

931

third heat source valve

94

fourth heat source

941

fourth heat source valve

95

fifth heat source

951

fifth heat source valve

96

sixth heat source

961

sixth heat source valve

100

Heating device

F

fluid

GT2

first limit temperature

GT3

second limit temperature

GT4

third limit temperature

T2

first fluid temperature

T3

second fluid temperature

T4

third fluid temperature

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 8903089 U1 [0002]
• DE 2729082 A1 [0003, 0004]
• DE 19649779 A1 [0004, 0005]

Claims (9)

Heating device ( 100 ) with a heating device ( 80 ) and a fluid reservoir ( 1 ), wherein the fluid reservoir ( 1 ) a first heat exchanger ( 2 ) and at least one further heat exchanger ( 3 . 4 ), each with a lead ( 21 . 31 . 41 ) and a return ( 22 . 32 . 42 ), and wherein the heat exchangers ( 2 . 3 . 4 ) within the fluid reservoir ( 1 ) are arranged one above the other, characterized in that each flow ( 21 . 31 . 41 ) via a flow valve ( 311 . 411 ) with a heating flow ( 61 ) is connectable, that each return ( 22 . 32 . 42 ) with a heating return ( 62 ) or connectable, and that the heating device ( 80 ) at least two heat sources ( 91 . 92 . 93 . 94 . 95 . 96 ), which in relation to the heating flow ( 61 ) and the heating return ( 62 ) arranged in parallel and in each case via a heat source valve ( 911 . 921 . 931 . 941 . 951 . 961 ) individually with the heating flow ( 61 ) are connectable. Heating device ( 100 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that within the fluid reservoir ( 1 ) at least three heat exchangers ( 2 . 3 . 4 ) are provided. Heating device ( 100 ) according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that each flow valve ( 311 . 411 ) is a multi-way valve. Heating device ( 100 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the return ( 22 . 42 ) of a heat exchanger ( 2 . 4 ) via a multi-way valve ( 221 . 421 ) with the flow ( 31 . 41 ) of a heat exchanger arranged immediately below ( 3 . 4 ) is connectable. Method for operating a heating device ( 100 ) with a heating device ( 80 ) and a fluid reservoir ( 1 ), wherein the fluid reservoir ( 1 ) a first heat exchanger ( 2 ) and at least one further heat exchanger ( 3 . 4 ), each with a lead ( 21 . 31 . 41 ) and a return ( 22 . 32 . 42 ), wherein the heat exchangers ( 2 . 3 . 4 ) within the fluid reservoir ( 1 ) are arranged one above the other, with each flow ( 21 . 31 . 41 ) via a flow valve ( 311 . 411 ) with a heating flow ( 61 ), each return ( 22 . 32 . 42 ) with a heating return ( 62 ) or via a multi-way valve ( 221 . 421 ) is connectable, wherein the heating device ( 80 ) at least two heat sources ( 91 . 92 . 93 . 94 . 95 . 96 ), which in relation to the heating flow ( 61 ) and the heating return ( 62 ) arranged in parallel and in each case via a heat source valve ( 911 . 921 . 931 . 941 . 951 . 961 ) individually with the heating flow ( 61 ) are connectable, and wherein the flow valves ( 311 . 411 ), the multiway valves ( 221 . 421 ) and the heat source valves ( 911 . 921 . 931 . 941 . 951 . 961 ) by means of a control unit ( 50 ), comprising the following steps: a) determining a heating requirement in the fluid reservoir ( 1 ) and / or from a connected heat consumer; b) selecting at least one heat exchanger ( 2 . 3 . 4 ); c) connecting the at least one selected heat exchanger ( 2 . 3 . 4 ) with a heat source ( 91 . 92 . 93 . 94 . 95 . 96 ) of the heater ( 80 ) by opening the necessary flow valves ( 311 . 411 ), the necessary multi-way valves ( 221 . 421 ) and the associated heat source valves ( 911 . 921 . 931 . 941 . 951 . 961 ). Method according to claim 5, comprising the following steps: d) determining available heat outputs of the heat sources ( 91 . 92 . 93 . 94 . 95 . 96 ); e) selecting at least one of the heat sources ( 91 . 92 . 93 . 94 . 95 . 96 ) taking into account their available heat output and the specific heating demand, f) assignment of a heat source ( 91 . 92 . 93 . 94 . 95 . 96 ) to at least one heat exchanger ( 2 . 3 . 4 ) and g) establishing a connection between the selected heat source ( 91 . 92 . 93 . 94 . 95 . 96 ) and at least one associated heat exchanger ( 2 . 3 . 4 ) by opening the necessary flow valves ( 311 . 411 ), the necessary multi-way valves ( 221 . 421 ) and the associated heat source valves ( 911 . 921 . 931 . 941 . 951 . 961 ). Method according to one of claims 5 or 6, comprising the following step: h) connecting the selected heat exchangers ( 2 . 3 . 4 ) in a parallel arrangement and / or in a series arrangement with the heating device ( 80 ) depending on the determined heating demand and the selected heat sources ( 91 . 92 . 93 . 94 . 95 . 96 ), wherein for the series arrangement of two heat exchangers ( 2 . 3 . 4 ) the return ( 22 . 42 ) of the higher-order heat exchanger ( 2 . 4 ) by means of the circuit arranged in this multi-way valve ( 221 . 421 ) with the flow ( 31 . 41 ) of the deeper heat exchanger ( 3 . 4 ) is connected. Method according to one of claims 5 to 7, comprising the following steps for determining the heating demand in the fluid reservoir ( 1 ): i) determining fluid temperatures (T2, T3, T4) in the fluid reservoir ( 1 ) in the area of the heat exchangers ( 2 . 3 . 4 ) by means of temperature sensors ( 23 . 33 . 43 ); j) determining the heating requirement of the fluid (F) in the fluid reservoir ( 1 ) by comparing the fluid temperatures (T2, T3, T4) with limit temperatures (GT2, GT3, GT4). Method according to claim 8, comprising the following step: k) separating the heat exchangers ( 3 . 4 ) from the heating flow ( 61 ) at the height of which a temperature sensor ( 33 . 43 ) certain temperature (T3, T4) is higher than one in the fluid reservoir ( 1 ) above determined temperature (T2, T4), by switching the flow valves ( 311 . 411 ).

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