DE102011118397A1 - Device for wireless charging of electrical energy store of electrical propelled motor car, has primary coil moving from loading section into predetermined loading position relative to secondary coil - Google Patents

Device for wireless charging of electrical energy store of electrical propelled motor car, has primary coil moving from loading section into predetermined loading position relative to secondary coil Download PDF

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DE102011118397A1
DE102011118397A1 DE102011118397A DE102011118397A DE102011118397A1 DE 102011118397 A1 DE102011118397 A1 DE 102011118397A1 DE 102011118397 A DE102011118397 A DE 102011118397A DE 102011118397 A DE102011118397 A DE 102011118397A DE 102011118397 A1 DE102011118397 A1 DE 102011118397A1
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primary coil
vehicle
secondary coil
contraption
coil
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DE102011118397A
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German (de)
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Markus Hermann
Matthias Kronewitter
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Mercedes Benz Group AG
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Daimler AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/124—Detection or removal of foreign bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/126—Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/35—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
    • B60L53/37—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles using optical position determination, e.g. using cameras
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/35—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
    • B60L53/38—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles specially adapted for charging by inductive energy transfer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The device (1) has a primary coil (4) inductively coupled with a vehicle-side secondary coil (5) for charging an energy store (2) i.e. high volt battery. A positioning device (7) automatically moves the primary coil into a predetermined loading section (11) relative to the secondary coil. A sensor-less mechanical adjusting device (12) is provided for fine adjustment of a relative position of the primary coil with respect the secondary coil such that the primary coil moves from a loading section into the predetermined loading position relative to the secondary coil.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum kabellosen Laden eines elektrischen Energiespeichers eines elektrisch angetriebenen Kraftfahrzeugs. Die Vorrichtung weist eine Primärspule auf, welche zum Laden des Energiespeichers mit einer fahrzeugseitigen Sekundärspule induktiv koppelbar ist. Eine Positioniereinrichtung ist zum automatischen Bewegen der Primärspule in einen vorbestimmten Ladebereich relativ zur Sekundärspule ausgebildet.The invention relates to a device for wireless charging of an electrical energy storage of an electrically driven motor vehicle. The device has a primary coil, which can be inductively coupled to charge the energy store with a vehicle-side secondary coil. A positioning device is designed for automatically moving the primary coil into a predetermined loading area relative to the secondary coil.

Elektrisch angetriebene Kraftfahrzeuge sind bereits Stand der Technik. Sie beinhalten eine elektrische Antriebsvorrichtung – etwa einen Elektromotor –, welche zum Antreiben des Kraftfahrzeugs dient. Zum Versorgen der elektrischen Antriebsvorrichtung mit elektrischer Energie ist ein elektrischer Energiespeicher bereitgestellt, nämlich eine so genannte Traktionsbatterie. Während die herkömmlichen Kraftfahrzeuge mit Kraftstoff getankt werden müssen, muss bei elektrisch angetriebenen Kraftfahrzeugen der Energiespeicher mit elektrischer Energie aufgeladen werden. Zu diesem Zwecke dienen Ladevorrichtungen, die aus dem Stand der Technik in vielfältiger Ausgestaltung bekannt sind. So sind beispielsweise Ladeeinrichtungen bekannt, bei denen der Energiespeicher über ein Kabel aufgeladen wird, welches an eine Anschlusseinrichtung (etwa eine Buchse) des Kraftfahrzeugs angeschlossen wird. Andererseits sind auch so genannte kabellose Ladevorrichtungen bekannt, welche das Auflade des Energiespeichers ohne ein Kabel ermöglichen. Derartige Ladevorrichtungen arbeiten nach dem Prinzip eines Transformators und beinhalten eine fahrzeugexterne Primärspule, welche mit einer fahrzeuginternen bzw. im Kraftfahrzeug angeordneten Sekundärspule magnetisch gekoppelt werden kann. Befindet sich die Primärspule in einem geringen Abstand zur Sekundärspule, so findet eine Energieübertragung von der Primärspule hin zur Sekundärspule und hierdurch hin zum Energiespeicher des Kraftfahrzeugs statt. Der Energiespeicher ist nämlich mit der Sekundärspule elektrisch verbunden.Electrically powered vehicles are already state of the art. They include an electric drive device - such as an electric motor - which serves to drive the motor vehicle. For supplying the electrical drive device with electrical energy, an electrical energy store is provided, namely a so-called traction battery. While the conventional motor vehicles need to be fueled with fuel, in electrically powered vehicles, the energy storage must be charged with electrical energy. For this purpose serve charging devices, which are known from the prior art in various embodiments. For example, charging devices are known in which the energy storage is charged via a cable which is connected to a connection device (such as a socket) of the motor vehicle. On the other hand, so-called wireless charging devices are known, which allow the charging of the energy storage without a cable. Such charging devices operate on the principle of a transformer and include a vehicle-external primary coil, which can be magnetically coupled with a vehicle-mounted or arranged in the motor vehicle secondary coil. If the primary coil is located at a small distance from the secondary coil, energy is transferred from the primary coil to the secondary coil and thereby to the energy store of the motor vehicle. The energy store is in fact electrically connected to the secondary coil.

Um die Positionierung der Primärspule relativ zur Sekundärspule zu vereinfachen, wurden im Stand der Technik bereits Ladevorrichtungen entwickelt, welche spezielle Positioniereinrichtungen aufweisen. Eine Vielzahl von solchen Positioniereinrichtungen sind beispielsweise aus dem Dokument US 5 821 731 A bekannt. Eine Möglichkeit besteht hier darin, ein selbstangetriebenes, frei bewegliches Fahrzeug einzusetzen, welches die Primärspule trägt und sich auch unterhalb des Kraftfahrzeugs bewegen kann. Mithilfe eines derartigen autonomen Fahrzeugs kann die Primärspule in den Ladebereich unmittelbar unterhalb der im Bodenbereich des Kraftfahrzeugs angeordneten Sekundärspule gebracht werden, sodass sich die Primärspule in Überlappung mit der Sekundärspule befindet. Zur Erkennung der Position der Sekundärspule wird in dieser Druckschrift eine Vielzahl von sensorbasierten Methoden vorgeschlagen; die Ermittlung der Position der Sekundärspule bzw. die Ermittlung des Ladebereichs erfolgt beispielsweise mithilfe eines Magnetsensors, eines optischen Sensors und dergleichen.In order to simplify the positioning of the primary coil relative to the secondary coil, charging devices have already been developed in the prior art, which have special positioning. A large number of such positioning devices are for example from the document US 5,821,731 A known. One possibility here is to use a self-propelled, freely movable vehicle, which carries the primary coil and can also move below the motor vehicle. By means of such an autonomous vehicle, the primary coil can be brought into the loading area immediately below the secondary coil arranged in the floor area of the motor vehicle, so that the primary coil is in overlap with the secondary coil. To detect the position of the secondary coil a variety of sensor-based methods is proposed in this document; the determination of the position of the secondary coil or the determination of the loading area is carried out for example by means of a magnetic sensor, an optical sensor and the like.

Als nachteilig an derartigen Systemen ist der Umstand anzusehen, dass mittels der genannten Sensoren die Position der am Kraftfahrzeug angebrachten Sekundärspule nur grob ermittelt bzw. der Ladebereich nur grob eingeschätzt werden kann. Zwar kann die Primärspule in den Ladebereich unterhalb der Sekundärspule gebracht werden, jedoch ist eine millimetergenaue Ausrichtung bzw. Zentrierung der beiden Spulen relativ zueinander durch die Genauigkeit der Sensoren beschränkt. Entsprechend ist auch der Wirkungsgrad der Energieübertragung eingeschränkt.A disadvantage of such systems is the fact that by means of said sensors, the position of the secondary coil mounted on the motor vehicle can only be roughly determined or the loading area can only be roughly estimated. Although the primary coil can be brought into the loading area below the secondary coil, but a millimeter accurate alignment or centering of the two coils relative to each other by the accuracy of the sensors is limited. Accordingly, the efficiency of energy transfer is limited.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen Weg aufzuzeigen, wie bei einer Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Gattung der Wirkungsgrad bei der Energieübertragung auf ein Maximum gebracht werden kann.It is an object of the invention to provide a way, as in a device of the type mentioned in the efficiency in the energy transfer can be brought to a maximum.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen gemäß Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Patentansprüche, der Beschreibung und der Figuren.This object is achieved by a device with the features according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims, the description and the figures.

Demnach weist die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung eine sensorlose mechanische Justiereinrichtung auf, welche zur Feineinstellung einer relativen Position der Primärspule bezüglich der Sekundärspule ausgebildet ist, sodass die Primärspule in dem Ladebereich in eine vorbestimmte Ladeposition relativ zur Sekundärspule bewegbar ist.Accordingly, the device according to the invention has a sensorless mechanical adjusting device, which is designed for fine adjustment of a relative position of the primary coil with respect to the secondary coil, so that the primary coil is movable in the loading area in a predetermined loading position relative to the secondary coil.

Der erfindungsgemäße Effekt wird somit dadurch erzielt, dass nach dem Bewegen der Primärspule in den vorbestimmten Ladebereich – dies kann beispielsweise mithilfe von Sensoren erfolgen bzw. der Ladebereich kann mithilfe von Sensoren ermittelt werden – eine zusätzliche Feineinstellung der relativen Position der Primärspule relativ zur Sekundärspule vorgenommen wird, und zwar mithilfe einer sensorlosen mechanischen Justiereinrichtung. Somit kann eine millimetergenaue Zentrierung der beiden Spulen relativ zueinander erreicht werden, sodass auch der Wirkungsgrad bei der Energieübertragung von der Primärspule an die Sekundärspule auf ein Maximum gebracht werden kann.The effect according to the invention is thus achieved by carrying out an additional fine adjustment of the relative position of the primary coil relative to the secondary coil after moving the primary coil into the predetermined charging area - this can be done, for example, by means of sensors or the charging area can be determined by means of sensors , using a sensorless mechanical adjustment device. Thus, a centimeter-accurate centering of the two coils can be achieved relative to each other, so that the efficiency of energy transfer from the primary coil to the secondary coil can be maximized.

Unter einer sensorlosen Justiereinrichtung wird hier eine solche verstanden, die ohne einen Sensor auskommt und ausschließlich mechanische Bauteile aufweist.Under a sensorless adjusting device is understood here as one that does not require a sensor and having only mechanical components.

Es erweist sich als besonders vorteilhaft, wenn die Justiereinrichtung einen Zentrierkegel aufweist, der zur Feineinstellung der relativen Position in eine Aussparung des Kraftfahrzeugs aufnehmbar ist. Der Zentrierkegel kann mit der Primärspule verbunden sein, sodass beim Bewegen der Primärspule auch der Zentrierkegel mitbewegt wird. Wird ein Bereich – nämlich die Spitze – eines derartigen Zentrierkegels in die Aussparung des Kraftfahrzeugs – etwa ein kreisförmiges Loch – aufgenommen, so zentriert sich die Primärspule quasi selbsttätig relativ zur Sekundärspule des Kraftfahrzeugs. Die Feineinstellung der relativen Position erfolgt somit selbsttätig durch Bewegen des Zentrierkegels in axialer Richtung in die Aussparung des Kraftfahrzeugs. Der Einsatz eines Zentrierkegels ermöglicht eine millimetergenaue Justage der Primärspule relativ zur Sekundärspule, und die Primärspule kann mit größter Präzision konzentrisch zur Sekundärspule ausgerichtet werden. It proves to be particularly advantageous if the adjusting device has a centering cone, which can be accommodated for fine adjustment of the relative position in a recess of the motor vehicle. The centering cone can be connected to the primary coil, so that when moving the primary coil and the centering cone is moved along. If an area - namely the tip - of such a centering cone in the recess of the motor vehicle - taken about a circular hole - so the primary coil quasi automatically centered relative to the secondary coil of the motor vehicle. The fine adjustment of the relative position thus takes place automatically by moving the centering cone in the axial direction in the recess of the motor vehicle. The use of a centering cone allows a millimeter accurate adjustment of the primary coil relative to the secondary coil, and the primary coil can be aligned with the greatest precision concentric to the secondary coil.

Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Ansprüchen, den Figuren und der Figurenbeschreibung. Alle vorstehend in der Beschreibung genannten Merkmale und Merkmalskombinationen sowie die nachfolgend in der Figurenbeschreibung genannten und/oder in den Figuren alleine gezeigten Merkmale und Merkmalskombinationen sind nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder aber in Alleinstellung verwendbar.Further features of the invention will become apparent from the claims, the figures and the description of the figures. All the features and feature combinations mentioned above in the description as well as the features and feature combinations mentioned below in the description of the figures and / or shown alone in the figures can be used not only in the respectively indicated combination but also in other combinations or alone.

Die Erfindung wird nun anhand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels, wie auch unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen näher erläutert.The invention will now be explained with reference to a preferred embodiment, as well as with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Es zeigen:Show it:

1 in schematischer Darstellung eine Vorrichtung gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung, dargestellt zusammen mit einem Kraftfahrzeug; und 1 a schematic representation of a device according to an embodiment of the invention, shown together with a motor vehicle; and

2 und 3 in schematischer Darstellung eine Draufsicht bzw. eine Seitenansicht eines selbstangetriebenen Fahrzeugs mit einer daran angebrachten Primärspule der Vorrichtung gemäß 1. 2 and 3 in a schematic representation of a plan view and a side view of a self-propelled vehicle with an attached primary coil of the device according to 1 ,

In 1 ist in schematischer und höchst abstrakter Darstellung eine Vorrichtung 1 dargestellt, welche zum Aufladen eines Energiespeichers 2 eines elektrisch angetriebenen Kraftfahrzeugs 3 ausgebildet ist. Mit elektrischer Energie aus dem Energiespeicher 2 wird eine in 1 nicht dargestellte elektrische Antriebsvorrichtung des Kraftfahrzeugs 3 versorgt. Der Energiespeicher 2 ist eine Fahrzeugbatterie, nämlich insbesondere eine Hochvoltbatterie.In 1 is a schematic and highly abstract representation of a device 1 shown which for charging an energy storage 2 an electrically driven motor vehicle 3 is trained. With electrical energy from the energy storage 2 will be an in 1 not shown electric drive device of the motor vehicle 3 provided. The energy storage 2 is a vehicle battery, namely in particular a high-voltage battery.

Die Vorrichtung 1 dient zum kabellosen Laden des Energiespeichers 2 nach dem Transformatorprinzip. Dazu beinhaltet die Vorrichtung 1 eine Primärspule 4, welche mit einer im Kraftfahrzeug 3 angeordneten Sekundärspule 5 induktiv koppelbar ist. Die Sekundärspule 5 des Kraftfahrzeugs 3 ist in einem Bodenbereich angeordnet und über eine elektrische Leitung 6 mit dem Energiespeicher 2 elektrisch verbunden.The device 1 is used for wireless charging of the energy storage 2 according to the transformer principle. This includes the device 1 a primary coil 4 , which with a in the vehicle 3 arranged secondary coil 5 inductively coupled. The secondary coil 5 of the motor vehicle 3 is arranged in a floor area and via an electrical line 6 with the energy storage 2 electrically connected.

Die Primärspule 4 ist durch ein selbst angetriebenes, frei bewegliches Fahrzeug 7 mit mindestens drei, insbesondere mit vier, Rädern 8 getragen. Die Primärspule 4 ist beispielsweise auf einem plattenartigen Träger des Fahrzeugs 7 angeordnet.The primary coil 4 is by a self-propelled, free-moving vehicle 7 with at least three, in particular four, wheels 8th carried. The primary coil 4 is for example on a plate-like support of the vehicle 7 arranged.

Die Primärspule 4 bzw. das Fahrzeug 7 ist mit einer Basisstation 9 beispielsweise über ein Kabel 10 elektrisch verbunden. Die Basisstation 9 stellt elektrische Energie bereit, welche über die Primärspule 4 und die Sekundärspule 5 hin zum Energiespeicher 2 übertragen wird. Dazu muss die Primärspule 4 mithilfe des Fahrzeugs 7 in einen Ladebereich 11 unterhalb der Sekundärspule 5 gebracht werden. Der Ladebereich 11 ist also ein Überlappungsbereich mit der Sekundärspule 5. Eine weitere Voraussetzung besteht darin, dass der vertikale Abstand zwischen den beiden Spulen 4, 5 in Fahrzeughochrichtung 12 so gering wie möglich sein soll, um den Wirkungsgrad auf ein Maximum zu bringen. Des Weiteren soll die Primärspule 4 möglichst konzentrisch zu der Sekundärspule 5 positioniert werden, damit der Wirkungsgrad weiterhin optimiert werden kann.The primary coil 4 or the vehicle 7 is with a base station 9 for example via a cable 10 electrically connected. The base station 9 provides electrical energy through the primary coil 4 and the secondary coil 5 towards the energy storage 2 is transmitted. This requires the primary coil 4 using the vehicle 7 in a loading area 11 below the secondary coil 5 to be brought. The loading area 11 So is an overlap area with the secondary coil 5 , Another requirement is that the vertical distance between the two coils 4 . 5 in vehicle vertical direction 12 be as low as possible in order to bring the efficiency to a maximum. Furthermore, the primary coil 4 as concentric as possible to the secondary coil 5 be positioned so that the efficiency can be further optimized.

Das selbstangetriebene Fahrzeug 7 stellt eine Positioniereinrichtung im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung dar.The self-propelled vehicle 7 represents a positioning device in the context of the present invention.

Der Ladebereich 11 ist also ein Raumbereich, der sich in unmittelbarer Nähe der Sekundärspule 5 befindet und dessen Position somit abhängig von der Position der Sekundärspule 5 abhängt. Zur Ermittlung des Ladebereichs 11 muss daher die Position der Sekundärspule 5 bestimmt werden. Um den Ladebereich 11 bzw. die Position der Sekundärspule 5 zu ermitteln, kann an dem Fahrzeug 7 zumindest ein Sensor angebracht sein, nämlich beispielsweise eine Kamera und/oder ein Magnetsensor. Optional kann auch die Primärspule 4 als ein derartiger Sensor dienen. Anhand von Sensordaten dieser Sensoren kann dann die Position der Sekundärspule 5 und somit der Ladebereich unterhalb der Sekundärspule 5 ermittelt werden, und das Fahrzeug 7 kann mit der Primärspule 4 in diesen Ladebereich 11 bewegt werden, wie dies beispielsweise in der Druckschrift US 5 821 731 A beschrieben ist.The loading area 11 So is a space area that is in the immediate vicinity of the secondary coil 5 and whose position thus depends on the position of the secondary coil 5 depends. To determine the loading area 11 therefore, the position of the secondary coil 5 be determined. To the loading area 11 or the position of the secondary coil 5 It can be determined on the vehicle 7 at least one sensor be mounted, namely for example a camera and / or a magnetic sensor. Optionally, also the primary coil 4 serve as such a sensor. Based on sensor data of these sensors, then the position of the secondary coil 5 and thus the loading area below the secondary coil 5 be determined, and the vehicle 7 can with the primary coil 4 in this loading area 11 be moved, as for example in the document US 5,821,731 A is described.

Die Ermittlung der Position der Sekundärspule 5 kann beispielsweise so aussehen, dass eine Referenzmarke am Boden des Kraftfahrzeugs 3 angebracht ist, welche dann in den durch die Kamera aufgenommenen Bildern identifiziert wird. Diese Positionsmarke kann dann auf die Position der Sekundärspule 5 hinweisen. Ergänzend oder alternativ kann die Sekundärspule 5 auch ein magnetisches Feld erzeugen, welches dann durch die Primärspule 4 und/oder den genannten Magnetsensor detektiert wird. Die grobe Positionierung der Primärspule 4 erfolgt also insgesamt mithilfe von Sensordaten zumindest eines Sensors.Determining the position of the secondary coil 5 For example, it may look like a reference mark on the floor of the motor vehicle 3 is attached, which is then identified in the images taken by the camera. This position mark can then be changed to the position of the secondary coil 5 clues. Additionally or alternatively, the secondary coil 5 also generate a magnetic field, which then passes through the primary coil 4 and / or the said magnetic sensor is detected. The rough positioning of the primary coil 4 Thus, a total of at least one sensor is used with the aid of sensor data.

Wird die Primärspule 4 durch das Fahrzeug 7 in den Ladebereich 11 gebracht, also grob relativ zur Sekundärspule 5 ausgerichtet, so erfolgt anschließend eine Feineinstellung der relativen Position der Primärspule 4 bezüglich der Sekundärspule 5. Diese Feinzentrierung erfolgt mithilfe einer sensorlosen mechanischen Justiereinrichtung 12, welche im Ausführungsbeispiel einen Zentrierkegel 13 aufweist, welcher in eine Aussparung 14 des Kraftfahrzeugs 3 in Form eines kreisförmigen Lochs aufgenommen werden kann. Der Zentrierkegel 13 ist dabei mit der Primärspule 4 verbunden. Der Zentrierkegel 13 erstreckt sich in vertikaler Richtung bzw. in Fahrzeughochrichtung 12, sodass seine Spitze in Fahrzeughochrichtung 12 nach oben zeigt. Wird nun die Spitze des Zentrierkegels 13 in die Aussparung 14 aufgenommen, so zentriert sich die Primärspule 4 relativ zur Sekundärspule 5, und die Primärspule 4 kann mit höchster Präzision konzentrisch zur Sekundärspule 5 positioniert werden.Will the primary coil 4 through the vehicle 7 in the loading area 11 brought so roughly relative to the secondary coil 5 aligned, then followed by a fine adjustment of the relative position of the primary coil 4 with respect to the secondary coil 5 , This fine centering is done using a sensorless mechanical adjustment device 12 which in the exemplary embodiment a centering cone 13 having, which in a recess 14 of the motor vehicle 3 can be received in the form of a circular hole. The centering cone 13 is with the primary coil 4 connected. The centering cone 13 extends in the vertical direction or in the vehicle vertical direction 12 so that its top in vehicle vertical direction 12 pointing upwards. Will now be the tip of the centering cone 13 in the recess 14 taken, so the primary coil centered 4 relative to the secondary coil 5 , and the primary coil 4 can be concentric with the secondary coil with maximum precision 5 be positioned.

Um den Zentrierkegel 13 in die Aussparung 14 aufzunehmen und gleichzeitig auch den vertikalen Abstand zwischen den beiden Spulen 4, 5 auf ein Minimum zu reduzieren, weist das Fahrzeug 7 eine Hubeinrichtung (in den Figuren nicht näher dargestellt) auf, mittels welcher die Primärspule 4 zusammen mit dem Zentrierkegel 13 in Fahrzeughochrichtung 12 bewegt werden kann. Um die Bewegung der Primärspule 4 unterhalb des Kraftfahrzeugs 3 zu ermöglichen, befindet sich die Hubeinrichtung zunächst in einer Ausgangsposition, in welcher die Spitze des Zentrierkegels niedriger als der Boden des Kraftfahrzeugs liegt. Erst wenn die Primärspule 4 in den Ladebereich 11 gelangt, wird die Primärspule 4 mit dem Zentrierkegel 13 in Fahrzeughochrichtung 12 nach oben bewegt, sodass die Spitze des Zentrierkegels 13 in die im Boden des Kraftfahrzeugs 3 ausgebildete Aussparung 14 gelangt. Die Primärspule 4 wird zusammen mit dem Zentrierkegel 13 so lange nach oben bewegt, bis die Hubeinrichtung einen mechanischen Widerstand detektiert. Dieser mechanische Widerstand kann im Normalfall durch den Zentrierkegel 13 selbst erzeugt werden. Der Zentrierkegel 13 weist nämlich einen in axialer Richtung immer größer werdenden Durchmesser auf, der an einer Stelle gleich dem Durchmesser der Aussparung 14 ist. Gelangt diese Stelle in die Aussparung 14, so berührt der Zentrierkegel 13 den Rand der Aussparung 14, so dass ein mechanischer Widerstand erzeugt wird. Nach Erkennen dieses Widerstands durch die Hubeinrichtung wird die Primärspule 5 angehalten. Diese Endposition der Primärspule 4 entspricht einer gewünschten Ladeposition, die durch die geometrische Ausgestaltung des Zentrierkegels 13 vorbestimmt ist.To the centering cone 13 in the recess 14 and at the same time the vertical distance between the two coils 4 . 5 to reduce to a minimum, the vehicle points 7 a lifting device (not shown in the figures), by means of which the primary coil 4 together with the centering cone 13 in vehicle vertical direction 12 can be moved. To the movement of the primary coil 4 below the motor vehicle 3 to allow the lifting device is initially in an initial position in which the tip of the centering cone is lower than the bottom of the motor vehicle. Only when the primary coil 4 in the loading area 11 passes, the primary coil 4 with the centering cone 13 in vehicle vertical direction 12 moved upwards so that the top of the centering cone 13 in the bottom of the vehicle 3 trained recess 14 arrives. The primary coil 4 will be together with the centering cone 13 moves upward until the lifting device detects a mechanical resistance. This mechanical resistance can normally by the centering cone 13 self-generated. The centering cone 13 namely, has a diameter increasing in the axial direction, which at one point is equal to the diameter of the recess 14 is. Get this place in the recess 14 , so touches the centering cone 13 the edge of the recess 14 , so that a mechanical resistance is generated. Upon detection of this resistance by the lifting device, the primary coil 5 stopped. This end position of the primary coil 4 corresponds to a desired loading position, due to the geometric configuration of the centering cone 13 is predetermined.

Optional kann der mechanische Widerstand auch mithilfe von an dem Fahrzeug 7 angebrachten Stiften 15 erzeugt werden kann. Die Stifte 15 dienen jedoch bevorzugt ausschließlich zur Erkennung von Fremdkörpern zwischen dem Fahrzeug 7 einerseits und dem Boden des Kraftfahrzeugs 3 andererseits. Sie erstrecken sich dabei ebenfalls in Fahrzeughochrichtung 12, also parallel zur Achse des Zentrierkegels 13. Berühren die Stifte 15 einen Fremdkörper, so entsteht ein mechanischer Widerstand, welcher durch die Hubeinrichtung detektiert wird. Dann wird die Primärspule 4 angehalten.Optionally, the mechanical resistance can also be applied to the vehicle 7 attached pins 15 can be generated. The pencils 15 However, they are preferably used exclusively for the detection of foreign bodies between the vehicle 7 on the one hand and the floor of the motor vehicle 3 on the other hand. They also extend in the vehicle vertical direction 12 , ie parallel to the axis of the centering cone 13 , Touch the pins 15 a foreign body, so there is a mechanical resistance, which is detected by the lifting device. Then the primary coil 4 stopped.

Das Fahrzeug 7 mit der daran angebrachten Primärspule 4 ist auch in den 2 und 3 näher dargestellt. Während in 2 eine Draufsicht auf das Fahrzeug 7 dargestellt ist, zeigt 3 ähnlich wie 1 eine Seitenansicht des Fahrzeugs 7. Wie insbesondere aus 2 hervorgeht, kann das Fahrzeug 7 frei bewegt werden, nämlich sowohl in Längsrichtung als auch in Querrichtung, wie mit Pfeildarstellungen 16 dargestellt ist. Es sind im Ausführungsbeispiel insgesamt vier Stifte 15 bereitgestellt, welche den mechanischen Widerstand beim Bewegen der Primärspule 4 nach oben erzeugen. Der Zentrierkegel 13 ist konzentrisch zur Primärspule 4 angeordnet.The vehicle 7 with the primary coil attached thereto 4 is also in the 2 and 3 shown in more detail. While in 2 a plan view of the vehicle 7 is shown, shows 3 similar to 1 a side view of the vehicle 7 , As in particular from 2 shows, the vehicle can 7 be moved freely, namely both in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction, as with arrow representations 16 is shown. There are a total of four pins in the embodiment 15 provided the mechanical resistance when moving the primary coil 4 Create upwards. The centering cone 13 is concentric with the primary coil 4 arranged.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Vorrichtungcontraption
22
Energiespeicherenergy storage
33
Kraftfahrzeugmotor vehicle
44
Primärspuleprimary coil
55
Sekundärspulesecondary coil
66
elektrische Leitungelectrical line
77
selbstangetriebenes Fahrzeugself-propelled vehicle
88th
Räderbikes
99
Basisstationbase station
1010
Kabelelectric wire
1111
Ladebereichloading area
1212
FahrzeughochrichtungVehicle vertical direction
1313
Zentrierkegelcentering
1414
Aussparungrecess
1515
Stiftepencils
1616
PfeildarstellungenPointer illustration

ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature

  • US 5821731 A [0003, 0021] US 5821731 A [0003, 0021]

Claims (10)

Vorrichtung (1) zum kabellosen Laden eines elektrischen Energiespeichers (2) eines elektrisch angetriebenen Kraftfahrzeugs (3), mit einer Primärspule (4), welche zum Laden des Energiespeichers (2) mit einer fahrzeugseitigen Sekundärspule (5) induktiv koppelbar ist, und mit einer Positioniereinrichtung (7) zum automatischen Bewegen der Primärspule (4) in einen vorbestimmten Ladebereich (11) relativ zur Sekundärspule (5), gekennzeichnet durch eine sensorlose mechanische Justiereinrichtung (12) zur Feineinstellung einer relativen Position der Primärspule (4) bezüglich der Sekundärspule (5), so dass die Primärspule (4) in dem Ladebereich (11) in eine vorbestimmte Ladeposition relativ zur Sekundärspule (5) bewegbar ist.Contraption ( 1 ) for wireless charging of an electrical energy store ( 2 ) of an electrically driven motor vehicle ( 3 ), with a primary coil ( 4 ), which are used to charge the energy store ( 2 ) with a vehicle-side secondary coil ( 5 ) is inductively coupled, and with a positioning device ( 7 ) for automatically moving the primary coil ( 4 ) in a predetermined loading area ( 11 ) relative to the secondary coil ( 5 ), characterized by a sensorless mechanical adjustment device ( 12 ) for fine adjustment of a relative position of the primary coil ( 4 ) with respect to the secondary coil ( 5 ), so that the primary coil ( 4 ) in the loading area ( 11 ) in a predetermined loading position relative to the secondary coil ( 5 ) is movable. Vorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Justiereinrichtung (12) einen Zentrierkegel (13) aufweist, der zur Feineinstellung der relativen Position in eine Aussparung (14) des Kraftfahrzeugs (3) aufnehmbar ist.Contraption ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjusting device ( 12 ) a centering cone ( 13 ) for fine adjustment of the relative position in a recess ( 14 ) of the motor vehicle ( 3 ) is receivable. Vorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Positioniereinrichtung (7) eine Hubeinrichtung zum Bewegen der Primärspule (4) in Fahrzeughochrichtung (12) aufweist.Contraption ( 1 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the positioning device ( 7 ) a lifting device for moving the primary coil ( 4 ) in vehicle vertical direction ( 12 ) having. Vorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 2 und 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Ladebereich (11) ein Bereich unter dem Kraftfahrzeug (3) ist und der Zentrierkegel (13) in vertikaler Richtung derart angeordnet ist, dass seine Spitze in Fahrzeughochrichtung (12) nach oben zeigt, wobei beim Bewegen der Primärspule (4) in Fahrzeughochrichtung (12) nach oben der Zentrierkegel (13) in die in einem Boden des Kraftfahrzeugs (3) ausgebildete Aussparung (14) hineinragt, um die Feineinstellung der relativen Position in Fahrzeuglängsrichtung und in Fahrzeugquerrichtung zu bewirken.Contraption ( 1 ) according to claim 2 and 3, characterized in that the loading area ( 11 ) an area under the motor vehicle ( 3 ) and the centering cone ( 13 ) is arranged in the vertical direction such that its tip in the vehicle vertical direction ( 12 ), wherein when moving the primary coil ( 4 ) in vehicle vertical direction ( 12 ) to the top of the centering cone ( 13 ) in the floor of the motor vehicle ( 3 ) formed recess ( 14 protruding in order to effect the fine adjustment of the relative position in the vehicle longitudinal direction and in the vehicle transverse direction. Vorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hubeinrichtung dazu ausgelegt ist, beim Bewegen der Primärspule (4) in Fahrzeughochrichtung (12) einen mechanischen Widerstand zu erkennen und nach Erkennen des Widerstands die Primärspule (4) anzuhalten.Contraption ( 1 ) according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the lifting device is adapted, when moving the primary coil ( 4 ) in vehicle vertical direction ( 12 ) to detect a mechanical resistance and after detection of the resistance of the primary coil ( 4 ) to stop. Vorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 5, gekennzeichnet durch zumindest einen parallel zum Zentrierkegel (13) angeordneten Stift (15), welcher mittels der Hubeinrichtung zusammen mit dem Zentrierkegel (13) in Fahrzeughochrichtung (12) bewegbar ist.Contraption ( 1 ) according to claim 5, characterized by at least one parallel to the centering cone ( 13 ) arranged pin ( 15 ), which by means of the lifting device together with the centering cone ( 13 ) in vehicle vertical direction ( 12 ) is movable. Vorrichtung (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Positioniereinrichtung (7) als selbstangetriebenes Fahrzeug (7) mit Rädern (8) ausgebildet ist, welches die Primärspule (4) trägt.Contraption ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the positioning device ( 7 ) as a self-propelled vehicle ( 7 ) with wheels ( 8th ) is formed, which the primary coil ( 4 ) wearing. Vorrichtung (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Positioniereinrichtung (7) zumindest einen Sensor aufweist und dazu ausgelegt ist, den Ladebereich (11) anhand von Sensordaten des Sensors zu ermitteln.Contraption ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the positioning device ( 7 ) has at least one sensor and is adapted to the loading area ( 11 ) using sensor data from the sensor. Vorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Positioniereinrichtung (7) eine Kamera als Sensor aufweist und dazu ausgelegt ist, den Ladebereich (11) anhand von Bildern der Kamera zu ermitteln.Contraption ( 1 ) according to claim 8, characterized in that the positioning device ( 7 ) has a camera as a sensor and is adapted to the loading area ( 11 ) using pictures from the camera. Vorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Primärspule (4) ein Sensor ist und die Positioniereinrichtung (7) dazu ausgelegt ist, den Ladebereich (11) anhand eines Signals der Primärspule (4) zu ermitteln.Contraption ( 1 ) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the primary coil ( 4 ) is a sensor and the positioning device ( 7 ) is adapted to the loading area ( 11 ) based on a signal of the primary coil ( 4 ) to investigate.
DE102011118397A 2011-11-12 2011-11-12 Device for wireless charging of electrical energy store of electrical propelled motor car, has primary coil moving from loading section into predetermined loading position relative to secondary coil Withdrawn DE102011118397A1 (en)

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