DE102011083877A1 - Circuit breaker i.e. in-cable control box, for power supply of electrically propelled vehicle i.e. electric car, has ground fault circuit interrupter comprising bistable switching element for closing and interrupting power supply of vehicle - Google Patents
Circuit breaker i.e. in-cable control box, for power supply of electrically propelled vehicle i.e. electric car, has ground fault circuit interrupter comprising bistable switching element for closing and interrupting power supply of vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102011083877A1 DE102011083877A1 DE102011083877A DE102011083877A DE102011083877A1 DE 102011083877 A1 DE102011083877 A1 DE 102011083877A1 DE 102011083877 A DE102011083877 A DE 102011083877A DE 102011083877 A DE102011083877 A DE 102011083877A DE 102011083877 A1 DE102011083877 A1 DE 102011083877A1
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- Prior art keywords
- circuit breaker
- bistable
- power supply
- switching element
- breaker according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0069—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
- H01H83/14—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by imbalance of two or more currents or voltages, e.g. for differential protection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
- H01H51/22—Polarised relays
- H01H51/2209—Polarised relays with rectilinearly movable armature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
- H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
- H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
- H01H71/32—Electromagnetic mechanisms having permanently magnetised part
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Schutzschalter für die Stromversorgung eines elektrisch angetriebenen Fahrzeuges, insbesondere Elektroautos. The invention relates to a circuit breaker for the power supply of an electrically driven vehicle, in particular electric cars.
In Zukunft ist mit einem immer größeren Stellenwert von elektrisch angetriebenen Fahrzeugen, insbesondere Elektrofahrzeugen, Elektroautos bzw. Elektromobils, in der Gesellschaft zu rechnen. Hierfür ist es erforderlich eine dazu passende Infrastruktur zu schaffen, wozu geeignete, sichere Ladesysteme gehören. Die Sicherheit beim Laden eines elektrisch angetriebenen Fahrzeuges muss gewährleistet sein. Bei einem Isolationsfehler oder sonstigen Fehler kann es sonst passieren, dass Netzspannung am Gehäuse des elektrisch angetriebenen Fahrzeuges anliegt, was zu tödlichen Personenschäden führen kann. In the future, an ever greater significance of electrically powered vehicles, in particular electric vehicles, electric cars and electric vehicles, can be expected in society. For this it is necessary to create a suitable infrastructure, which includes suitable, secure charging systems. The safety when loading an electrically driven vehicle must be guaranteed. In the event of an insulation fault or other fault, it may otherwise happen that mains voltage is applied to the housing of the electrically driven vehicle, which can lead to fatal personal injury.
Um diese Gefahr zu vermeiden, ist es notwendig, in der Stromversorgung einen Schutzschalter zu integrieren. Dieser weist einen Fehlerstromschutzschalter auf. Wenn ein Fehlerstrom auftritt wird die Stromversorgung unterbrochen, was dazu führ, dass das elektrisch angetriebene Fahrzeug vom Netz getrennt wird. To avoid this danger, it is necessary to integrate a circuit breaker in the power supply. This has a residual current circuit breaker. When a fault current occurs, the power supply is interrupted, causing the electrically powered vehicle to be disconnected from the mains.
Da der Ladevorgang von Elektrofahrzeugen sehr lange dauert, findet er meist unbeaufsichtigt statt. Um zu verhindern, dass der Ladevorgang durch einen kurzeitigen, ungefährlichen Fehler (z. B. Spannungsschwankungen im Netz) abgebrochen wird, kann eine Autotest Funktion vorgesehen werden. Diese prüft zyklisch ob noch ein Fehler vorliegt und schließt im fehlerfreien Fall die Stromversorgung, so dass der Ladevorgang fortgesetzt werden kann. Since the charging process of electric vehicles takes a long time, it usually takes place unattended. In order to prevent the charging process being interrupted by a short, harmless error (eg voltage fluctuations in the network), an autotest function can be provided. This checks cyclically if there is still a fault and closes in the error-free case, the power supply, so that the charging process can be continued.
Zum Schließen der Stromversorgung / des Stromflusses wird ein Schaltelement benötigt, wie beispielsweise ein Aktor, der die Energie zum Schließen von Kontakten für den Stromfluss aufbringt. Häufig ist ferner eine Schaltmechanik, das die Kontakte schließt, mit umfasst. Dieser Aktor mit Kontakten kann ein Relais, Schütz oder ähnliches sein. To close the power supply / current flow, a switching element is needed, such as an actuator, which applies the energy to close contacts for the flow of current. Frequently, a switching mechanism that closes the contacts is also included. This actuator with contacts can be a relay, contactor or similar.
Beim Schließen des Kontaktes durch einen Aktor, des Schaltelementes fließt ein elektrischer Strom durch den Aktor, wie die Relais- bzw. Schützspule etc., der eine Erwärmung des Schutzschalters verursacht. Da Schutzschalter häufig unter rauen Umgebungsbedingungen eingesetzt werden, ist eine robuste und kompakte Bauform für das Gehäuse nötig. When closing the contact by an actuator, the switching element, an electric current flows through the actuator, such as the relay or contactor coil, etc., which causes heating of the circuit breaker. Because circuit breakers are often used in harsh environments, a rugged and compact package design is required.
Insbesondere die Erwärmung innerhalb des Gerätes bei geschlossener Stromversorgung im Ladefall über den langen Zeitraum ist deshalb nicht unerheblich. In particular, the heating within the device with the power supply in the case of charge over the long period is therefore not insignificant.
Häufig erfolgt ein Schalten mittels Hochleistungsrelais, um die gewünschte Schaltleistung zu realisieren, die von einem Microcontroller gesteuert werden. Diese Hochleistungsrelais müssen während des gesamten Betriebes von einem Strom durchflossen werden, was zu einem Anstieg der Temperatur im Inneren des Schutzschalter / der Schutzvorrichtung führt. Frequently, switching takes place by means of high-power relays in order to realize the desired switching power, which are controlled by a microcontroller. These high-performance relays must be traversed by a current throughout the operation, which leads to an increase in the temperature inside the circuit breaker / the protection device.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Lösung für das Wärmeproblem aufzuzeigen. Object of the present invention is to show a solution to the heat problem.
Dieses Problem wird durch einen Schutzschalter mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. This problem is solved by a circuit breaker with the features of
Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass Schließen bzw. Unterbrechen der Stromversorgung, d.h. dass ein- und ausschalten des elektrischen Stromes durch ein bistabiles Schaltelement, wie ein bistabiles Relais, bistabilen Schütz, bistabilen Hubmagneten oder bistabilen Aktor zu realisieren. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass eine Relais-, Schütz-, Aktor-Spule in einem geschalteten Zustand nicht permanent vom Strom durchflossen wird, so dass die Verlustleistung reduziert bzw. so gering wie möglich gehalten wird. According to the invention it is provided that closing or interrupting the power supply, i. to turn on and off the electric current by a bistable switching element, such as a bistable relay, bistable contactor, bistable solenoid or bistable actuator to realize. This has the advantage that a relay, contactor, actuator coil in a switched state is not permanently flowed through by the current, so that the power loss is reduced or kept as low as possible.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist der Schutzschalter eine hohe Schutzklasse wie IP65 auf. Diese hohen Anforderung bedeutet, dass das Design des Gehäuses den Forderungen aus den jeweiligen Schutzklassifikationen gerecht werden muss und eine hohe Schirmung aufweist, die physikalisch auch eine hohe temperaturseitige Abschirmung mit sich bringt, welche erstmals mit einem bistabilen Schaltelement geringer Wärmeentwicklung realisiert werden kann. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the circuit breaker on a high protection class such as IP65. This high requirement means that the design of the housing must meet the requirements of the respective protection classifications and has a high shielding, which physically also brings a high temperature-side shielding, which can be realized for the first time with a bistable switching element low heat.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist das bistabile Schaltelement durch einen bistabilen Hubmagneten realisiert, der in einfacher Weise auf einer Platine angeordnet werden kann sowie über nur eine Leitung durch entgegengesetzte Stromstöße steuerbar ist. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the bistable switching element is realized by a bistable solenoid, which can be arranged in a simple manner on a circuit board and can be controlled via only one line by opposite current surges.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird im Folgenden an Hand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Hierbei zeigt: An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. Hereby shows:
Der Schutzschalter S weist einen Autotest-Funktion A auf, die im Fehlerfall zyklisch das Vorliegen desselben prüft. Im fehlerfreien Fall veranlasst es über die Steuerung ST ein schließen des bistabilen Schaltelementes durch einen Stromstoß. Im Fehlerfall gibt der Fehlerstromschutzschalter direkt oder über die Steuerung ST ein Signal an die bistabile Schalteinrichtung, um den elektrischen Stromkreis zu öffnen. The circuit breaker S has an autotest function A, which cyclically checks the presence of the same in the event of an error. In the fault-free case, it causes via the controller ST to close the bistable switching element by a surge. In the event of a fault, the residual current circuit breaker directly or via the controller ST a signal to the bistable switching device to open the electrical circuit.
Zum Schließen des Schaltwerks wird der Hubmagnet (
Solange kein Fehler erkannt wird, bleibt das Schaltwerk energiefrei in dieser geschlossenen Position. Die Kontaktdruckfeder erzeugt den Kontaktdruck. Die Aufreißfeder ist gespannt. As long as no fault is detected, the rear derailleur remains energy-free in this closed position. The contact pressure spring generates the contact pressure. The tear-open spring is taut.
Im Fehlerfall wird durch einen Spannungsimpuls die permanentmagnetische Kraft des Hubmagneten (
Als Aktor zum Betätigen der Kontakte wird ein bistabiler Hubmagnet verwendet. Diese Hubmagneten haben neben einer Spule zur dynamischen Bewegung des Tauchkerns einen Permanentmagneten verbaut. Dies führt dazu, dass der Tauchkern völlig energiefrei in der Endlage arretiert und eine Haltekraft aufnehmen kann. Zum Lösen der Selbsthaltung wird er mit einem gegengerichteten Stromimpuls angesteuert. Die Festkontakte können direkt auf eine Platine gelötet werden. Die Bewegkontakte sind auf einem Bewegkontaktträger befestigt welcher schwimmend zwischen 2 Federn eingespannt ist. Die obere Feder liefert die benötigte Kontaktkraft, die untere die Aufreißkraft. Die Federn sind so ausgelegt, dass die Ausfahrbewegung des Druckstabs zunächst nur die untere Feder staucht. Das Schaltwerk schließt somit mit max. Geschwindigkeit. Treffen die Kontakte aufeinander wird die restliche Ausfahrstrecke von der Kontaktdruckfeder kompensiert was die Kontaktkraft erzeugt. As actuator for actuating the contacts, a bistable solenoid is used. These solenoids have installed a permanent magnet in addition to a coil for dynamic movement of the plunger core. As a result, the plunger core locks completely energy-free in the end position and can absorb a holding force. To release the latching it is controlled by a counter-current current pulse. The fixed contacts can be soldered directly onto a circuit board. The moving contacts are mounted on a moving contact carrier which is floatingly clamped between 2 springs. The upper spring provides the required contact force, the lower the tearing force. The springs are designed so that the extension movement of the push rod initially only upsets the lower spring. The rear derailleur thus closes with max. Speed. If the contacts meet each other, the remaining extension distance is compensated by the contact pressure spring, which generates the contact force.
Der Aktor muss nur für den Schließ- und Aufreißvorgang kurzzeitig bestromt werden. Im Betrieb wird die Kontaktkraft stromlos aufgebracht, was keine Verlustleistung und unnötige Wärmeentwicklung verursacht. Das Schaltwerk kann große mechanische Kräfte energiefrei halten und bei Bedarf schnell wieder freigeben. Da bei dieser Schaltmechanik auf eine Verklinkung verzichtet werden kann, ist hierbei mit einem verringerten Verschleiß zu rechnen, welches eine erhöhte Lebensdauer ermöglicht. The actuator only has to be briefly energized for the closing and tearing process. In operation, the contact force is applied de-energized, causing no power loss and unnecessary heat. The derailleur can keep large mechanical forces energy-free and release them quickly when needed. Since it can be dispensed with a latching in this switching mechanism, this is to be expected with a reduced wear, which allows an increased life.
Der Schutzschalter kann in Form einer In Cable Control Box, kurz ICCB im Ladekabel integriert werden. The circuit breaker can be integrated into the charging cable in the form of an In Cable Control Box, or ICCB for short.
Claims (16)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102011083877A DE102011083877A1 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2011-09-30 | Circuit breaker i.e. in-cable control box, for power supply of electrically propelled vehicle i.e. electric car, has ground fault circuit interrupter comprising bistable switching element for closing and interrupting power supply of vehicle |
CN2012103710056A CN103036543A (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2012-09-29 | Power supply protection switch for electrically driven vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102011083877A DE102011083877A1 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2011-09-30 | Circuit breaker i.e. in-cable control box, for power supply of electrically propelled vehicle i.e. electric car, has ground fault circuit interrupter comprising bistable switching element for closing and interrupting power supply of vehicle |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE102011083877A1 true DE102011083877A1 (en) | 2013-04-04 |
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DE102011083877A Pending DE102011083877A1 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2011-09-30 | Circuit breaker i.e. in-cable control box, for power supply of electrically propelled vehicle i.e. electric car, has ground fault circuit interrupter comprising bistable switching element for closing and interrupting power supply of vehicle |
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CN (1) | CN103036543A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102011083877A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4213405A1 (en) * | 1992-04-23 | 1993-10-28 | Lech Elektrizitaetswerke Ag | Electric supply column for charging electric vehicle power accumulators - has operating unit carried by stand arranged on foundation or base in which components required for supply or charging operation as well as safety units are provided |
DE4212207A1 (en) * | 1992-04-10 | 1993-10-28 | System Elektrotechnik Gotthold | Supply system for electric vehicle esp. charging cable line with coiled conductor - fitted at free outer end with plug connector for connecting to external power source and accommodated in housing mounted at vehicle |
EP1950784A1 (en) * | 2007-01-24 | 2008-07-30 | BTICINO S.p.A. | Reset device for a safety electrical device with reduced reset time |
US20110204849A1 (en) * | 2008-10-28 | 2011-08-25 | Panasonic Electric Works Co., Ltd. | Charging cable, charging cable unit, and charging system for electric vehicle |
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2011
- 2011-09-30 DE DE102011083877A patent/DE102011083877A1/en active Pending
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2012
- 2012-09-29 CN CN2012103710056A patent/CN103036543A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4212207A1 (en) * | 1992-04-10 | 1993-10-28 | System Elektrotechnik Gotthold | Supply system for electric vehicle esp. charging cable line with coiled conductor - fitted at free outer end with plug connector for connecting to external power source and accommodated in housing mounted at vehicle |
DE4213405A1 (en) * | 1992-04-23 | 1993-10-28 | Lech Elektrizitaetswerke Ag | Electric supply column for charging electric vehicle power accumulators - has operating unit carried by stand arranged on foundation or base in which components required for supply or charging operation as well as safety units are provided |
EP1950784A1 (en) * | 2007-01-24 | 2008-07-30 | BTICINO S.p.A. | Reset device for a safety electrical device with reduced reset time |
US20110204849A1 (en) * | 2008-10-28 | 2011-08-25 | Panasonic Electric Works Co., Ltd. | Charging cable, charging cable unit, and charging system for electric vehicle |
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CN103036543A (en) | 2013-04-10 |
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