DE102011055859A1 - Sulfur-free transition metal isocyanate-based ionic liquids - Google Patents
Sulfur-free transition metal isocyanate-based ionic liquids Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102011055859A1 DE102011055859A1 DE102011055859A DE102011055859A DE102011055859A1 DE 102011055859 A1 DE102011055859 A1 DE 102011055859A1 DE 102011055859 A DE102011055859 A DE 102011055859A DE 102011055859 A DE102011055859 A DE 102011055859A DE 102011055859 A1 DE102011055859 A1 DE 102011055859A1
- Authority
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- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- sulfur
- ionic liquids
- cations
- methylimidazolium
- liquids according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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- -1 transition metal isocyanate Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-O 1-methylimidazole Chemical compound CN1C=C[NH+]=C1 MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 10
- IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 IQQRAVYLUAZUGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- WVDDUSFOSWWJJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-propylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 WVDDUSFOSWWJJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002892 organic cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- OIDIRWZVUWCCCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 OIDIRWZVUWCCCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FCZZZYZIQDHCIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCC[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1 FCZZZYZIQDHCIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- HVVRUQBMAZRKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethylimidazolium Chemical compound CN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 HVVRUQBMAZRKPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RVEJOWGVUQQIIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCCCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 RVEJOWGVUQQIIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WWVMHGUBIOZASN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-prop-2-enylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CN1C=C[N+](CC=C)=C1 WWVMHGUBIOZASN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical compound [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- MEXGFQFKXBSLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dibutyl-1,4,5-trimethyl-2H-imidazol-1-ium Chemical compound C(CCC)[N+]1(CN(C(=C1C)C)CCCC)C MEXGFQFKXBSLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XLJSMWDFUFADIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diethylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](CC)=C1 XLJSMWDFUFADIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- REACWASHYHDPSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butylpyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 REACWASHYHDPSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AKKBLMVKAYXUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-[(3-methylimidazol-3-ium-1-yl)methyl]imidazol-1-ium Chemical compound C1=[N+](C)C=CN1CN1C=[N+](C)C=C1 AKKBLMVKAYXUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FRDMOHWOUFAYLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-nonylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 FRDMOHWOUFAYLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LSFWFJFDPRFPBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-pentylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CCCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 LSFWFJFDPRFPBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001494 2-propynyl group Chemical group [H]C#CC([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- CVUPSWIYWZRTMM-UHFFFAOYSA-O 3-(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)-1h-imidazol-3-ium Chemical compound C1=CNC=[N+]1C(C)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 CVUPSWIYWZRTMM-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- WXMVWUBWIHZLMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-1-octylimidazolium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 WXMVWUBWIHZLMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- QSRFYFHZPSGRQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(tributyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 QSRFYFHZPSGRQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VBQDSLGFSUGBBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(triethyl)azanium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 VBQDSLGFSUGBBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- GELSOTNVVKOYAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl(triphenyl)phosphanium Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 GELSOTNVVKOYAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims description 3
- RYUWPWJALTVWSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethyl-2,4,5-triphenyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CN1C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)N(C)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 RYUWPWJALTVWSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RBGOYJJATDAXDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-(2-methylpropyl)imidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CC(C)C[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1 RBGOYJJATDAXDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BZBABMLZUMYLPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-[2-(3-methylimidazol-3-ium-1-yl)ethyl]imidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CN1C=C[N+](CC[N+]2=CN(C)C=C2)=C1 BZBABMLZUMYLPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UYVTYBDVUSLCJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-propan-2-ylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CC(C)[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1 UYVTYBDVUSLCJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrrolidinium ion Chemical compound C1CC[NH2+]C1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims 1
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 125000001261 isocyanato group Chemical group *N=C=O 0.000 description 11
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 5
- GKKCIDNWFBPDBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium cyanate Chemical compound [K]OC#N GKKCIDNWFBPDBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- LFDDPDYLRXJYIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-[(3-butylimidazol-1-ium-1-yl)methyl]imidazol-3-ium Chemical compound C1=[N+](CCCC)C=CN1CN1C=[N+](CCCC)C=C1 LFDDPDYLRXJYIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BMQZYMYBQZGEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 BMQZYMYBQZGEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 229910021580 Cobalt(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005408 paramagnetism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZVCDLGYNFYZZOK-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium cyanate Chemical compound [Na]OC#N ZVCDLGYNFYZZOK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BUHVIAUBTBOHAG-FOYDDCNASA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r)-2-[6-[[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino]purin-9-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=CC(C(CNC=2C=3N=CN(C=3N=CN=2)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C)=C1 BUHVIAUBTBOHAG-FOYDDCNASA-N 0.000 description 1
- DREZKWDRXQDOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CC1=C(C)[N+](C)=C(C)N1C DREZKWDRXQDOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJEPDNGYRJAOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethyl-2,4,5-triphenylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound C[N+]1=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)N(C)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 GJEPDNGYRJAOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- MCMFEZDRQOJKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-O 3-butyl-1h-imidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[NH+]=C1 MCMFEZDRQOJKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=C[NH+]=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CN1 MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002540 isothiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005649 metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005298 paramagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940100890 silver compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003379 silver compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DOQQTKLDEQSKIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver;isocyanate Chemical compound [Ag+].[N-]=C=O DOQQTKLDEQSKIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom containing only one pyridine ring
- C07D213/20—Quaternary compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D233/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D233/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
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Abstract
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Schwefel-freie Übergangsmetall-Isocyanat-basierte ionische Flüssigkeiten, ein Verfahren zur deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung. Die Schwefel-freien Übergangsmetall-Isocyanat-basierten ionischen Flüssigkeiten weisen die allgemeine Formel (I) auf, Ad+ I[MII(NCO)4](1)worin MII ein zweiwertiges Metallkation ausgewählt aus Mangan2+, Nickel2+ und Kobalt2+ ist; d eins oder zwei bedeutet; I eins oder zwei bedeutet; und A ausgewählt ist aus quartären Ammoniumkationen, quartären Phosphoniumkationen, Imidazolium-Kationen, N,N'-(CH2)n-Diimidazolium-Kationen, Pyridinium-Kationen, N,N'-(CH2)n-Dipyridinium-Kationen, Pyrrolidinium- und Bipyridinium-Kationen, wobei n eine ganze Zahl zwischen 1 und 5 ist und wobei d, A und I so ausgewählt sind, dass sich insgesamt für Ad+ I die Ladung 2+ ergibt.The present invention relates to sulfur-free transition metal isocyanate-based ionic liquids, a process for their preparation and their use. The sulfur-free transition metal isocyanate-based ionic liquids have the general formula (I), wherein Ad + I [MII (NCO) 4] (1) wherein MII is a divalent metal cation selected from manganese 2+, nickel 2+ and cobalt 2+; d is one or two; I means one or two; and A is selected from quaternary ammonium cations, quaternary phosphonium cations, imidazolium cations, N, N '- (CH 2) n -diimidazolium cations, pyridinium cations, N, N' - (CH 2) n -dipyridinium cations, pyrrolidinium cations and Bipyridinium cations, where n is an integer between 1 and 5, and wherein d, A and I are selected to give the total charge for Ad + I 2+.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Schwefel-freie Übergangsmetall-Isocyanat-basierte ionische Flüssigkeiten, ein Verfahren zur deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung.The present invention relates to sulfur-free transition metal isocyanate-based ionic liquids, a process for their preparation and their use.
Ionische Flüssigkeiten sind Salze, die einen Schmelzpunkt unterhalb 373 K (100°C) aufweisen (
Eine besondere Klasse stellen die ionischen Flüssigkeiten dar, in denen neben organischen Kationen paramagnetische Übergangsmetall-Komplexanionen vorliegen (z. B.
Ein großer Nachteil vieler bisher beschriebener, auf Komplexanionen mit Halogenidliganden basierender ionischer Flüssigkeiten ist eine hohe Hydrolyse- und/oder Oxidationsempfindlichkeit, d. h. sie reagieren mit Wasser, Luftfeuchtigkeit und/oder Luftsauerstoff. Ein weiterer Nachteil ist die hohe Viskosität, d. h. sie sind in der Technik nur schwer oder unter hohem Energieaufwand handhabbar. Ebenfalls nachteilig ist die völlige Unlöslichkeit/Nichtmischbarkeit mit Wasser. Weiterhin liefert die Salzmetathese-Reaktion analog zur von Forster und Goodgame vorgeschlagenen Umsetzung (
Ionische Cobalt-basierte Flüssigkeiten, welche bereits eine verbesserte Viskosität und eine gesteigerte Löslichkeit in einigen Lösungsmitteln aufweisen, sind in T. Peppel et al. offenbart (
Ein essentieller Nachteil hierbei ist allerdings das Vorliegen von Schwefelatomen, da die entsprechenden ionischen Flüssigkeiten für Anwendungen z. B. im Motoren- oder Pumpenbereich ungeeignet sind.An essential disadvantage here, however, is the presence of sulfur atoms, since the corresponding ionic liquids for applications z. B. in the engine or pump area are unsuitable.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung war daher die Bereitstellung von Schwefel-freien ionischen Flüssigkeiten, die die oben genannten Nachteile überwinden. In diesem Zusammenhang wurde auch nach einem Verfahren gesucht, welches Reaktionsprodukte liefern kann, die keine Silberspuren aufweisen.The object of the present invention was therefore to provide sulfur-free ionic liquids which overcome the abovementioned disadvantages. In this connection, a process has also been sought which can yield reaction products which have no traces of silver.
Die Aufgabe wird mit Schwefel-freien ionischen Flüssigkeiten gemäß Anspruch 1 sowie durch deren Verwendung gemäß Anspruch 15 und durch ein Herstellungsverfahren gemäß Anspruch 16 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen.The object is achieved with sulfur-free ionic liquids according to claim 1 and by their use according to claim 15 and by a manufacturing method according to claim 16. Preferred embodiments will be apparent from the dependent claims.
In anderen Worten wird die Aufgabe mit Schwefel-freien ionischen Flüssigkeiten der allgemeinen Formel (I)
MII ein zweiwertiges Metallkation ausgewählt aus Mangan2+, Nickel2+ und Kobalt2+ ist;
d eins oder zwei bedeutet;
I eins oder zwei bedeutet;
und
A ausgewählt ist aus quartären Ammoniumkationen, quartären Phosphoniumkationen, Imidazolium-Kationen, N,N'-(CH2)n-Diimidazolium-Kationen, Pyridinium-Kationen, N,N'-(CH2)n-Dipyridinium-Kationen, Pyrrolidinium- und Bipyridinium-Kationen,
wobei
n eine ganze Zahl zwischen 1 und 5 ist
und wobei d, A und I so ausgewählt sind, dass sich insgesamt für Ad+ I die Ladung 2+ ergibt.In other words, the object with sulfur-free ionic liquids of the general formula (I)
M II is a divalent metal cation selected from manganese 2+ , nickel 2+ and cobalt 2+ ;
d is one or two;
I means one or two;
and
A is selected from quaternary ammonium cations, quaternary phosphonium cations, imidazolium cations, N, N '- (CH 2 ) n -diimidazolium cations, pyridinium cations, N, N' - (CH 2 ) n -dipyridinium cations, pyrrolidinium cations. and bipyridinium cations,
in which
n is an integer between 1 and 5
and wherein d, A and I are selected such that the total charge for A d + I is 2+.
Diese Materialien enthalten keine Schwefelatome, wodurch sie für Anwendungen beispielsweise im Motoren- oder Pumpenbereich geeignet sind. Sie weisen niedrige Viskositäten auf (beispielsweise im Bereich von 50–1500 mPas bei Raumtemperatur), sind stabil gegen Wasser und Sauerstoff und in vielen Lösungsmitteln, sowohl polaren als auch unpolaren, wie beispielsweise Wasser, Acetonitril, Dimethylsulfoxid, Dichlormethan oder Nitromethan, gut löslich. Die Glasübergangstemperaturen bzw. Schmelzpunkte liegen überraschenderweise deutlich unterhalb von Raumtemperatur (293 K, 20°C) bzw. zumindest unterhalb von 100°C. Paramagnetismus ist für alle Vertreter gegeben.These materials do not contain sulfur atoms, making them suitable for applications such as engine or pump applications. They have low viscosities (for example in the range of 50-1500 mPas at room temperature), are stable to water and oxygen and are readily soluble in many solvents, both polar and non-polar, such as water, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, dichloromethane or nitromethane. The glass transition temperatures or melting points are surprisingly well below room temperature (293 K, 20 ° C) or at least below 100 ° C. Paramagnetism is given for all agents.
Imidazolium-KationenImidazolium cations
Die Imidazolium-Kationen weisen vorzugsweise die allgemeine Formel (II) und die N,N'-(CH2)n-Diimidazolium-Kationen die allgemeine Formel (III) auf, wobei diese Formeln ebenfalls isomere Imidazolinium- und Imidazolidinium-Kationen umfassen: The imidazolium cations preferably have the general formula (II) and the N, N '- (CH 2 ) n -diimidazolium cations have the general formula (III), which formulas also include isomeric imidazolinium and imidazolidinium cations:
Die Reste R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R5 sind unabhängig voneinander jeweils Wasserstoff, C1-C18-Alkyl, C6-C12-Aryl (bei Polycylcen annelierte oder isolierte Ringe) oder C5-C12-Cycloalkyl (bei Polycylcen kondensierte oder verbrückte Ringe), wobei die genannten Reste unabhängig voneinander unsubstituiert oder durch ein oder mehrere funktionelle Gruppen, C5-C6-Aryl-, C1-C6-Alkyl-, C5-C6-Aryloxy-, C1-C6-Alkyloxy-Gruppen, Halogenatome oder C2-C5-Heterocyclen substituiert sind oder ein oder mehrere Heteroatome enthalten (O, N, S, oder P) und
wobei
n eine ganze Zahl zwischen 1 und 3 ist.The radicals R 1, R 2, R 3, R 4, R 5, R 6, R 7, R 5 are each independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 18 alkyl, C 6 -C 12 aryl (for Polycylcen fused or isolated rings) or C 5 -C 12 -cycloalkyl (rings condensed or bridged in the case of polycylcene), where the radicals mentioned are unsubstituted, independently of one another, or by one or more functional groups, C 5 -C 6 -aryl, C 1 -C 6 Alkyl, C 5 -C 6 -aryloxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkyloxy groups, halogen atoms or C 2 -C 5 -heterocycles or contain one or more heteroatoms (O, N, S, or P) and
in which
n is an integer between 1 and 3.
Pyridinium-KationenPyridinium cations
Die Pyridinium-Kationen weisen vorzugsweise die allgemeine Formel (IV) und die N,N'-(CH2)n-Dipyridinium-Kationen die allgemeine Formel (V) auf, wobei Pyridazinium-, Pyrimidinium- und Pyrazinium-Kationen ebenfalls umfasst sind: The pyridinium cations preferably have the general formula (IV) and the N, N '- (CH 2 ) n -dipyridinium cations have the general formula (V), wherein pyridazinium, pyrimidinium and pyrazinium cations are also included:
Die Reste R1–R6 bzw. R1–R10 und n haben die bereits zu den Imidazolium-Kationen zu R1–R8 und n genannte Bedeutung.The radicals R 1 -R 6 or R 1 -R 10 and n have the meaning already mentioned for the imidazolium cations to R 1 -R 8 and n.
Quartäre Ammoniumkationen und quartäre PhosphoniumkationenQuaternary ammonium cations and quaternary phosphonium cations
Die quartären Ammoniumkationen weisen vorzugsweise die Formel [NR1R2R3R4]+ und die quartären Phosphoniumkationen die Formel [PR1R2R3R4]+ auf, wobei die Reste R1–R4 die bereits zu den Imidazolium-Kationen zu R1–R8 genannte Bedeutung haben.The quaternary ammonium cations preferably have the formula [NR 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 ] + and the quaternary phosphonium cations have the formula [PR 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 ] + , where the radicals R 1 -R 4 are already imidazolium Cations to R 1 -R 8 have meaning mentioned.
Sowohl bei den Imidazolium-, als auch den Pyridinium- sowie den Ammonium- bzw. Phsophonium-Kationen ist es besonders bevorzugt, dass jeweils zwei bis vier der Reste R1–R4 bzw. R1–R5 bzw. R1–R8 bzw. R1–R10 ausgewählt sind aus C1-C18-Alkyl, C6-C12-Aryl und C5-C12-Cycloalkyl und die verbleibenden Reste R Wasserstoff sind. Stärker bevorzugt ist es, wenn alle vier Reste R1–R4 ausgewählt sind aus C1-C18-Alkyl, C6-C12-Aryl und C5-C12-Cycloalkyl. Dies ist höchst bevorzugt bei den Ammonium- bzw. Phosphonium-Kationen. Hinsichtlich des Index n ist es bei allen Varianten besonders bevorzugt, dass n eins oder zwei, vorzugsweise eins, ist.For both the imidazolium and the pyridinium as well as the ammonium or phosphonium cations, it is particularly preferred that in each case two to four of the radicals R 1 -R 4 or R 1 -R 5 or R 1 -R 8 or R 1 -R 10 are selected from C 1 -C 18 alkyl, C 6 -C 12 aryl and C 5 -C 12 cycloalkyl and the remaining radicals R are hydrogen. It is more preferred if all four radicals R 1 -R 4 are selected from C 1 -C 18 -alkyl, C 6 -C 12 -aryl and C 5 -C 12 -cycloalkyl. This is most preferred with the ammonium or phosphonium cations. With regard to the index n, it is particularly preferred in all variants that n is one or two, preferably one.
Bezüglich des Liganden A ist es in einer Ausführungsform bevorzugt, dass
d eins und I zwei ist
und
A ausgewählt ist aus 1-Methylimidazolium (Mim), 1,3-Dimethylimidazolium (DMIm), 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMIm), 1,3-Diethylimidazolium (DEIm), 1-Methyl-3-n-propylimidazolium (PMIm), 1-Methyl-3-iso-propylimidazolium (i-PMIm), 1-n-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium (BMIm), 1-iso-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium (i-BMIm), 1-Methyl-3-pentylimidazolium (PentMIm), 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium (HexMIm), 1-Heptyl-3-methylimidazolium (HeptMIm), 1-Methyl-3-octylimidazolium (OctMIm), 1-Methyl-3-nonylimidazolium (NonMIm), 1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium (AllylMIm), 1-Methyl-3-propagylimidazolium (PropargylMIm), 1-Methyl-3-phenylpropylimidazolium (PhPrMIm), 1,2,3,4,5-Pentalmethylimidazolium (PeMIm), Dimethyllophin (1,3-Dimethyl-2,4,5-Triphenylimidazol, DML oder DMTPhIm), 1,3-Dibutyl-1,4,5-trimethylimidazolium (DBTMIm), Ethylpyridinium (EPy), Butylpyridinium (BPy) und Bis(triphenylphosphin)iminium [(Ph3P)2N].With respect to the ligand A, in one embodiment it is preferred that
d is one and I is two
and
A is selected from 1-methylimidazolium (Mim), 1,3-dimethylimidazolium (DMIm), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMIm), 1,3-diethylimidazolium (DEIm), 1-methyl-3-n-propylimidazolium ( PMIm), 1-methyl-3-iso-propylimidazolium (i-PMIm), 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (BMIm), 1-iso-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (i-BMIm), 1-methyl- 3-pentylimidazolium (PentMIm), 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium (HexMIm), 1-heptyl-3-methylimidazolium (HeptMIm), 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium (OctMIm), 1-methyl-3-nonylimidazolium (NonMIm) , 1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium (allylMMI), 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium (propargyl), 1-methyl-3-phenylpropylimidazolium (PhPrMIm), 1,2,3,4,5-pentalmethylimidazolium (PeMIm), dimethyl-opine (1,3-dimethyl-2,4,5-triphenylimidazole, DML or DMTPhIm), 1,3-dibutyl-1,4,5-trimethylimidazolium (DBTMIm), ethylpyridinium (EPy), butylpyridinium (BPy) and bis (triphenylphosphine ) iminium [(Ph 3 P) 2 N].
Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
d zwei und I eins ist
und
A ausgewählt ist aus 3,3'Dimethyl-1,1'-methylenediimidazolium (DMDIm), 3,3'-(Ethan-1,2-diyl)bis(1-methylimidazolium) (EMDIm), 3,3'-(Propan-1,3-diyl)bis(1-methylimidazolium (PMDIm), 3,3'-(Butan-1,4-diyl)bis(1-methylimidazolium (BMDIm) und 3,3'-Methylenbis(1-butyl-imidazolium) (DBMDIm).A further preferred embodiment is characterized in that
d is two and I is one
and
A is selected from 3,3'-dimethyl-1,1'-methylenediimidazolium (DMDIm), 3,3 '- (ethane-1,2-diyl) bis (1-methylimidazolium) (EMDIm), 3,3' - ( Propane-1,3-diyl) bis (1-methylimidazolium (PMDIm), 3,3 '- (butane-1,4-diyl) bis (1-methylimidazolium (BMDIm) and 3,3'-methylenebis (1-butyl) -imidazolium) (DBMDIm).
Insbesondere bei diesen beiden vorstehend genannten Ausführungsformen ist als Metallkation Kobalt2+ bevorzugt.In particular, in these two embodiments mentioned above, cobalt 2+ is preferred as the metal cation.
Eine weitere bevorzugte Kombination aus Ligand A und Metall ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
d eins und I zwei ist,
A 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMIm) oder Tetra-n-butylammonium (But4N) und
das Metallkation Nickel2+ ist.Another preferred combination of ligand A and metal is characterized in that
d is one and I is two
A 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMIm) or tetra-n-butylammonium (But 4 N) and
the metal cation is nickel 2+ .
Eine weitere bevorzugte Variante der Schwefel-freien ionischen Flüssigkeiten ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
d eins und I zwei ist und
A ausgewählt ist aus Tetramethylammonium (Me4N), Tetra-n-butylammonium (But4N), Triethyl-benzylammonium (Et3BnN), Tri-n-butyl-benzylammonium (Bu3BnN), Triphenylethylphosphonium (Ph3EtP), 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMIm) und Bis(triphenylphosphin)iminium [(Ph3P)2N]. Hierbei ist das Metallkation vorzugsweise Mangan2+. Another preferred variant of the sulfur-free ionic liquids is characterized in that
d is one and I is two and
A is selected from tetramethylammonium (Me 4 N), tetra-n-butylammonium (But 4 N), triethylbenzylammonium (Et 3 BnN), tri-n-butylbenzylammonium (Bu 3 BnN), triphenylethylphosphonium (Ph 3 EtP) , 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMIm) and bis (triphenylphosphine) iminium [(Ph 3 P) 2 N]. Here, the metal cation is preferably manganese 2+ .
Die erfindungsgemäßen Schwefel-freien ionischen Flüssigkeiten werden -ggf. gleichzeitigals Lösungsmittel und Katalysator verwendet. Weitere Verwendungen sind die als flüssiger Magnet oder als magnetisierbarer Zusatz zur Membranen. Ebenso werden sie als magnetisch manipulierbarer Zusatz in Elektrodenmaterialien für Batterien oder als magnetisch manipulierbarer Zusatz in Brennstoffzellen eingesetzt.The sulfur-free ionic liquids according to the invention are -ggf. used simultaneously as solvent and catalyst. Other uses are as a liquid magnet or as a magnetizable addition to the membranes. Likewise, they are used as a magnetically manipulable additive in electrode materials for batteries or as a magnetically manipulatable additive in fuel cells.
Die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Schwefel-freien ionischen Flüssigkeiten erfolgt über ein Verfahren, bei welchem
- a) ein MetallII-halogenid,
- b) ein Alkalicyanat im molaren Überschuss, vorzugsweise in vierfacher molarer Menge, im Vergleich zum MetallII-halogenid, und
- c) ein organisches Kation A in Form seines Halogenidsalzes (AX, X = Halogenid) im molaren Überschuss, vorzugsweise in zweifacher molarer Menge, im Vergleich zum MetallII-halogenid umgesetzt werden.
- a) a metal II halide,
- b) an alkali metal cyanate in a molar excess, preferably in a fourfold molar amount, compared to the metal II halide, and
- c) an organic cation A in the form of its halide salt (AX, X = halide) in a molar excess, preferably in a twofold molar amount, compared to the metal II -halogenide.
Das Metall(II) und das Kation A haben die eingangs genannte Bedeutung. Die Halogenide sind sowohl beim MetallII-halogenid als auch beim Halogenidsalz des Kations A ausgewählt aus Chlorid, Bromid und Iodid. Die Alkali des Alkalicyanats sind vorzugsweise Kalium oder Natrium.The metal (II) and the cation A have the meaning mentioned above. The halides of both the metal II halide and the halide salt of cation A are selected from chloride, bromide and iodide. The alkalis of the alkali metal cyanate are preferably potassium or sodium.
Die Umsetzung erfolgt in Wasser (bei Raumtemperatur) oder in Aceton (bei Temperaturen oberhalb von 50°C, vorzugsweise bei Sieden unter Rückfluss bei Normaldruck, 10.1325 Pa) für mindestens 30 min (vorzugsweise vier Stunden).The reaction takes place in water (at room temperature) or in acetone (at temperatures above 50 ° C., preferably at reflux under atmospheric pressure, 10.1325 Pa) for at least 30 minutes (preferably four hours).
Bei der Umsetzung in Wasser können, insbesondere bei Verwendung von Dikationen A (d = 2, I = 1), Mischungen aus Wasser und Aceton eingesetzt werden. Bevorzugt ist ein Verhältnis Wasser: Aceton zwischen 1:10 und 10:1, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 1:5 und 5:1, höchst bevorzugt 1:1.In the reaction in water, in particular when using dications A (d = 2, I = 1), mixtures of water and acetone can be used. Preferably, a ratio of water: acetone is between 1:10 and 10: 1, more preferably between 1: 5 and 5: 1, most preferably 1: 1.
Bei Einsatz von Aceton als Lösungsmittel werden diesem vorzugsweise 1–25 Volumenprozent, mehr bevorzugt 10–20 Volumenprozent, höchst bevorzugt 15 Volumenprozent, DMSO zugefügt. Dies ist aufgrund einer besseren Löslichkeit der Edukte bei der Herstellung derjenigen ionischen Flüssigkeiten bevorzugt, welche Dikationen A enthalten (d = 2, I = 1).When acetone is used as the solvent, it is preferable to add 1-25% by volume, more preferably 10-20% by volume, most preferably 15% by volume, of DMSO. This is preferred due to a better solubility of the reactants in the preparation of those ionic liquids containing dications A (d = 2, I = 1).
Im Falle der Verwendung von Wasser als Lösungsmittel wird die Schwefel-freie ionische Flüssigkeit durch mehrfache (vorzugsweise vier-fache) Extraktion mit Nitromethan, anschließende Trocknung der vereinigten Extraktionsflüssigkeit, z. B. mit Magnesiumsulfat, und Entfernung des Lösungsmittels unter vermindertem Druck (im Vergleich zu Normaldruck) gewonnen. Im Falle der Verwendung von Aceton als Lösungsmittel wird das ausgefallene Alkalihalogenid durch Filtration abgetrennt und die Schwefel-freie ionische Flüssigkeit dadurch isoliert, dass das Lösungsmittel unter vermindertem Druck (im Vergleich zu Normaldruck) entfernt wird.In the case of using water as a solvent, the sulfur-free ionic liquid by multiple (preferably fourfold) extraction with nitromethane, followed by drying the combined extraction liquid, z. B. with magnesium sulfate, and removal of the solvent under reduced pressure (compared to atmospheric pressure). In the case of using acetone as the solvent, the precipitated alkali halide is separated by filtration, and the sulfur-free ionic liquid is isolated by removing the solvent under reduced pressure (compared with normal pressure).
Eine weitere Reinigung der Schwefel-freien ionischen Flüssigkeit kann durch Auflösen in Dichlormethan, Filtration und Abtrennung des Lösungsmittels unter vermindertem Druck (im Vergleich zu Normaldruck) sowie Erwärmen auf Temperaturen oberhalb der Raumtemperatur (bevorzugt auf Temperaturen zwischen 60°C und 100°C) im Hochvakuum erfolgen.Further purification of the sulfur-free ionic liquid can be carried out by dissolving in dichloromethane, filtration and removal of the solvent under reduced pressure (in comparison to normal pressure) and heating to temperatures above room temperature (preferably to temperatures between 60 ° C. and 100 ° C.) High vacuum.
Da das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ohne die Verwendung von Silberverbindungen auskommt, sind entsprechend auch keine nachteiligen Silberrückstände im Reaktionsprodukt zu finden.Since the process according to the invention does not require the use of silver compounds, correspondingly no disadvantageous silver residues can be found in the reaction product.
Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen.Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments.
Ausführungsbeispiele embodiments
Die Herstellung der Schwefel-freien ionischen Flüssigkeiten kann in zwei Varianten, einer Wasser basierten und einer Wasser-freien erfolgen.The production of sulfur-free ionic liquids can be carried out in two variants, one water-based and one water-free.
Das molare Verhältnis MetallII-halogenid:Alkalicyanat:organisches Kation A (Halogenidsalz) liegt bei beiden Varianten vorzugsweise zwischen 1:1,1:1,1 und 1:20:10. Besonders bevorzugt ist ein molares Verhältnis MetallII-halogenid:Alkalicyanat:organisches Kation A (Halogenidsalz) von 1:4:2.The molar ratio of metal II halide: alkali cyanate: organic cation A (halide salt) in both variants is preferably between 1: 1.1: 1.1 and 1:20:10. Particularly preferred is a molar ratio of metal II halide: alkali cyanate: organic cation A (halide salt) of 1: 4: 2.
Variante I/H2O-Variante: Das Halogenid des organischen Kations AX (X = Cl, Br oder I), Alkalicyanat (z. B. KOCN oder NaOCN) und das zweiwertige Metallhalogenid (MCl2, MBr2 oder MI2) werden in Wasser aufgelöst, für mindestens 30 min gerührt und dann die ionische Flüssigkeit mit Nitromethan mehrfach extrahiert. Das Extrakt wird über Natriumsulfat getrocknet und das Lösungsmittel im Vakuum entfernt. Zur weiteren Reinigung kann das Produkt in Dichlormethan aufgelöst, filtriert und das Lösungsmittel wieder im Vakuum entfernt werden. Eine weitere Reinigung von anhaftendem Wasser kann durch Erwärmen im Hochvakuum erfolgen. Im Fall von Dikationen, A2+ (I = 1) wird die Reaktion in einer 1:1-Mischung aus Wasser und Aceton durchgeführt.Variant I / H 2 O variant: The halide of the organic cation AX (X = Cl, Br or I), alkali cyanate (eg KOCN or NaOCN) and the bivalent metal halide (MCl 2 , MBr 2 or MI 2 ) dissolved in water, stirred for at least 30 min and then the ionic liquid extracted several times with nitromethane. The extract is dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent removed in vacuo. For further purification, the product may be dissolved in dichloromethane, filtered and the solvent removed again in vacuo. Further purification of adherent water can be carried out by heating in a high vacuum. In the case of dications, A 2+ (I = 1), the reaction is carried out in a 1: 1 mixture of water and acetone.
Variante II/Aceton-Variante: Eine abgewogene Menge Metall(II)-halogenid (MCl2 oder MBr2 oder MI2), ein molarer Überschuss Alkalicyanat (KOCN, NaOCN) und ein molarer Überschuss des Halogenids des organischen Kations AX werden mit Aceton als Lösungsmittel für mindestens 30 min (vorzugsweise vier Stunden) unter Rückfluss erhitzt. Nach dem Abkühlen wird das ausgefallene Alkalihalogenid abfiltriert und im Vakuum das Lösungsmittel entfernt. Der Rückstand wird in wenig Dichlormethan gelöst, durch ein hartes Filter filtriert und anschließend im Vakuum das Lösungsmittel abgezogen. Eine weitere Trocknung kann im Diffusionspumpenvakuum bei 60°C erfolgen.Variant II / acetone variant: A weighed amount of metal (II) halide (MCl 2 or MBr 2 or MI 2 ), a molar excess of alkali cyanate (KOCN, NaOCN) and a molar excess of the halide of the organic cation AX are reacted with acetone as Solvent heated for at least 30 min (preferably four hours) under reflux. After cooling, the precipitated alkali halide is filtered off and the solvent is removed in vacuo. The residue is dissolved in a little dichloromethane, filtered through a hard filter and then stripped of the solvent in vacuo. Further drying can take place in a diffusion pump vacuum at 60 ° C.
Aufgrund einer besseren Löslichkeit der Edukte werden für die verfahrensmäßige Herstellung derjenigen ionischen Flüssigkeiten, welche Dikationen enthalten (d = 2, I = 1), dem Aceton 15 Volumenprozent DMSO zugefügt.Due to a better solubility of the starting materials are added to the acetone 15 percent by volume of DMSO for the procedural preparation of those ionic liquids containing dications (d = 2, I = 1).
Beispiel 1: (EMIm)2[Co(NCO)4]Example 1: (EMIm) 2 [Co (NCO) 4 ]
Bis(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium)-tetra(isocyanato)cobaltat(II)Bis (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium) tetra (isocyanato) cobaltate (II)
0,85 g (6,55 mmol) Cobalt(II)-chlorid, 2,18 g (26,84 mmol) Kaliumcyanat und 1,49 g (13,42 mmol) 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumchlorid (EMImCl) werden in 100 ml Aceton 4 h unter Rückfluss erhitzt. Nach dem Abkühlen wird vom Kaliumchlorid filtriert und bis zur Trockene im Vakuum vom Lösungsmittel befreit. Der Rückstand wird in wenig Dichlormethan gelöst, durch ein hartes Filter filtriert und anschließend im Vakuum vom Lösungsmittel befreit. Nach dem Trocknen im Diffusionspumpenvakuum bei ca. 60°C erhält man eine dunkelblaue, leicht bewegliche Flüssigkeit, Ausbeute 1,82 g (54%). Glasübergang: –78°C.0.85 g (6.55 mmol) of cobalt (II) chloride, 2.18 g (26.84 mmol) of potassium cyanate and 1.49 g (13.42 mmol) of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMImCl) heated in 100 ml of acetone for 4 h under reflux. After cooling, filtered from the potassium chloride and freed from the solvent to dryness in vacuo. The residue is dissolved in a little dichloromethane, filtered through a hard filter and then freed from the solvent in vacuo. After drying in a diffusion pump vacuum at about 60 ° C to obtain a dark blue, slightly mobile liquid, yield 1.82 g (54%). Glass transition: -78 ° C.
Beispiel 2: (DBMDIm)[Co(NCO)4]Example 2: (DBMDIm) [Co (NCO) 4 ]
3,3'-Methylenbis(1-butylimidazolium)-tetra(isocyanato)cobaltat(II)3,3'-methylene-bis (1-butylimidazolium) tetra (isocyanato) cobaltate (II)
0,85 g (6,55 mmol) Cobalt(II)-chlorid, 2,18 g (26,84 mmol) Kaliumcyanat und 1,76 g (6,70 mmol) DBMDImCl, 3,3'-Methylenbis(1-butyl-imidazolium)chlorid, werden in einer Mischung aus 100 mL Aceton und 15 mL DMSO 4 h unter Rückfluss erhitzt. Nach dem Abkühlen wird vom Kaliumchlorid abfiltriert und bis zur Trockene im Vakuum vom Lösungsmittel befreit. Der Rückstand wird in wenig Dichlormethan gelöst, filtriert und anschließend im Vakuum vom Lösungsmittel befreit. Nach dem Trocknen im Diffusionspumpenvakuum bei ca. 60°C erhält man einen blauen Feststoff, Ausbeute: 96%. Schmp. 91°C.0.85 g (6.55 mmol) of cobalt (II) chloride, 2.18 g (26.84 mmol) of potassium cyanate and 1.76 g (6.70 mmol) of DBMDImCl, 3,3'-methylenebis (1) butyl-imidazolium) chloride, are refluxed in a mixture of 100 mL acetone and 15 mL DMSO for 4 h. After cooling, filtered off from the potassium chloride and freed from the solvent to dryness in vacuo. The residue is dissolved in a little dichloromethane, filtered and then freed from the solvent in vacuo. After drying in a diffusion pump vacuum at about 60 ° C to give a blue solid, yield: 96%. Mp. 91 ° C.
Beispiel 3: (But4N)2[Ni(NCO)4]Example 3: (But 4 N) 2 [Ni (NCO) 4 ]
Bis(tetrabutylammonium)-tetra(isocyanato)nickelat(II)Bis (tetrabutylammonium) tetra (isocyanato) nickelate (II)
0,65 g (5 mmol) Nickel(II)-chlorid, 2,92 g (21 mmol) Kaliumcyanat und 1,70 g (10,5 mmol) But4NCl, Tetrabutylammonium-chlorid, werden in 100 mL Aceton 4 h unter Rückfluss erhitzt. Nach dem Abkühlen wird vom Kaliumchlorid abfiltriert und bis zur Trockene im Vakuum vom Lösungsmittel befreit. Der Rückstand wird in wenig Dichlormethan gelöst, filtriert und anschließend im Vakuum vom Lösungsmittel befreit. Nach dem Trocknen im Diffusionspumpenvakuum bei ca. 80°C erhält man eine blaue Flüssigkeit, Ausbeute: 97%. Schmp. –21°C.0.65 g (5 mmol) of nickel (II) chloride, 2.92 g (21 mmol) of potassium cyanate and 1.70 g (10.5 mmol) of But 4 NCl, tetrabutylammonium chloride are dissolved in 100 mL of acetone for 4 h heated to reflux. After cooling, filtered off from the potassium chloride and freed from the solvent to dryness in vacuo. The residue is dissolved in a little dichloromethane, filtered and then freed from the solvent in vacuo. After this Drying in a diffusion pump vacuum at about 80 ° C gives a blue liquid, yield: 97%. M.p. -21 ° C.
Nach dem gleichen Verfahren wurden insgesamt die nachfolgend genannten Verbindungen hergestellt, wobei auf die Angabe der Details aufgrund der Übereinstimmung zu den Beispielen 1–3 verzichtet wird:
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
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US10500540B2 (en) | 2015-07-08 | 2019-12-10 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Method for dehumidifying humid gas mixtures using ionic liquids |
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US10105644B2 (en) | 2016-06-14 | 2018-10-23 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Process and absorbent for dehumidifying moist gas mixtures |
US10138209B2 (en) | 2016-06-14 | 2018-11-27 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Process for purifying an ionic liquid |
US10493400B2 (en) | 2016-06-14 | 2019-12-03 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Process for dehumidifying moist gas mixtures |
US10512881B2 (en) | 2016-06-14 | 2019-12-24 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Process for dehumidifying moist gas mixtures |
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