DE102010040208A1 - Solar thermal continuous evaporator heating surface with local cross-sectional constriction at its inlet - Google Patents
Solar thermal continuous evaporator heating surface with local cross-sectional constriction at its inlet Download PDFInfo
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- DE102010040208A1 DE102010040208A1 DE201010040208 DE102010040208A DE102010040208A1 DE 102010040208 A1 DE102010040208 A1 DE 102010040208A1 DE 201010040208 DE201010040208 DE 201010040208 DE 102010040208 A DE102010040208 A DE 102010040208A DE 102010040208 A1 DE102010040208 A1 DE 102010040208A1
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- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- steam generator
- heating surface
- solar
- solar thermal
- evaporator heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/006—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using solar heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
- F22B29/06—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
- F22B29/061—Construction of tube walls
- F22B29/062—Construction of tube walls involving vertically-disposed water tubes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
- F22B37/12—Forms of water tubes, e.g. of varying cross-section
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/62—Component parts or details of steam boilers specially adapted for steam boilers of forced-flow type
- F22B37/70—Arrangements for distributing water into water tubes
- F22B37/74—Throttling arrangements for tubes or sets of tubes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
- F24S10/74—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits the tubular conduits are not fixed to heat absorbing plates and are not touching each other
- F24S10/742—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits the tubular conduits are not fixed to heat absorbing plates and are not touching each other the conduits being parallel to each other
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
- F24S2080/03—Arrangements for heat transfer optimization
- F24S2080/05—Flow guiding means; Inserts inside conduits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
- F24S80/30—Arrangements for connecting the fluid circuits of solar collectors with each other or with other components, e.g. pipe connections; Fluid distributing means, e.g. headers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft eine solarthermische Durchlaufverdampfer-Heizfläche (20), insbesondere für ein Solarturm-Kraftwerk (1), umfassend einen Absorber (3) mit Dampferzeugerrohren (10) zwischen einem Ein- (11) und einem Austrittssammler (12), wobei die Dampferzeugerrohre (10) an ihrem Eintritt (22) jeweils eine lokale Querschnittsverengung (25, 26, 27) aufweisen. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Solarturm-Kraftwerk (1).The invention relates to a solar thermal once-through evaporator heating surface (20), in particular for a solar tower power plant (1), comprising an absorber (3) with steam generator tubes (10) between an inlet (11) and an outlet header (12), the steam generator tubes (10) each have a local cross-sectional constriction (25, 26, 27) at their inlet (22). The invention also relates to a solar tower power plant (1).
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine solarthermische Durchlaufverdampfer-Heizfläche, insbesondere für ein Solarturm-Kraftwerk, umfassend einen Absorber mit Dampferzeugerrohren. Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin ein Solarturm-Kraftwerk mit einer solarthermischen Durchlaufverdampfer-Heizfläche.The invention relates to a solar thermal continuous evaporator heating surface, in particular for a solar tower power plant, comprising an absorber with steam generator tubes. The invention further relates to a solar tower power plant with a solar thermal continuous evaporator heating surface.
Dem stetig steigenden Energiebedarf und dem Klimawandel muss mit dem Einsatz von nachhaltigen Energieträgern entgegengetreten werden. Sonnenenergie ist solch ein nachhaltiger Energieträger. Sie ist klimaschonend, in unerschöpflichem Maße vorhanden und stellt keine Belastung für nachkommende Generationen dar.The steadily rising energy demand and climate change must be tackled with the use of sustainable energy sources. Solar energy is such a sustainable energy source. It is climate-friendly, inexhaustible and does not burden future generations.
Solarthermische Kraftwerke stellen deshalb eine der nachhaltigen Alternativen zur herkömmlichen Stromerzeugung dar. Bisher wurden solarthermische Kraftwerke mit Parabolrinnenkollektoren oder Fresnel-Kollektoren ausgeführt. Eine weitere Option stellt die direkte Verdampfung in sogenannten Solarturm-Kraftwerken dar. Ein solarthermisches Kraftwerk mit Solarturm und direkter Verdampfung besteht aus einem Solarfeld, einem Solarturm und aus einem konventionellen Kraftwerksteil, in dem die thermische Energie des Wasserdampfes in elektrische Energie umgewandelt wird.Solar thermal power plants are therefore one of the sustainable alternatives to conventional power generation. So far, solar thermal power plants have been carried out with parabolic trough collectors or Fresnel collectors. Another option is the direct evaporation in so-called solar tower power plants. A solar thermal power plant with solar tower and direct evaporation consists of a solar field, a solar tower and a conventional power plant part, in which the thermal energy of the water vapor is converted into electrical energy.
Das Solarfeld besteht aus Heliostaten, die die Sonnenstrahlung auf einen im Solarturm untergebrachten Absorber konzentrieren. Der Absorber besteht aus einer Heizfläche, in der die eingestrahlte Sonnenenergie dazu genutzt wird, um zugeführtes Speisewasser zu erwärmen, zu verdampfen und gegebenenfalls auch zu überhitzen. Der erzeugte Dampf wird anschließend in einem konventionellen Kraftwerkssteil in einer Turbine entspannt, gegebenenfalls zwischenüberhitzt und anschließend kondensiert und dem Absorber wieder zugeführt. Die Turbine treibt einen Generator an, der die mechanische Energie in elektrische Energie wandelt.The solar field consists of heliostats, which concentrate the solar radiation on an absorber accommodated in the solar tower. The absorber consists of a heating surface in which the irradiated solar energy is used to heat supplied feed water, to evaporate and possibly also to overheat. The generated steam is then expanded in a conventional power plant part in a turbine, optionally reheated and then condensed and fed back to the absorber. The turbine drives a generator, which converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy.
In einem Solarturm-Kraftwerk ist die eingebrachte Sonnenenergie durch die Größe des Heliostatenfeldes begrenzt. Ein Teil der Einstrahlung wird vom Absorber reflektiert und ist für den thermodynamischen Kraftwerkprozess verloren. Diese Verluste wachsen mit der Größe der Heizfläche. Deshalb sind bei gegebener thermischer Leistung kompakte Absorber mit möglichst kleiner Heizfläche anzustreben. Dies führt durch die Konzentrierung der eingestreuten Sonnenenergie auf kleine Flächen zu sehr hohen Wärmestromdichten, im allgemeinen höheren Wärmestromdichten als in fossil befeuerten thermischen Kraftwerken. Deshalb ist bei dem Konzept der Direktverdampfung in einem Solarturm-Kraftwerk die Kühlung der Absorberheizfläche von zentraler Bedeutung. Zur Minimierung der Heizflächengröße ist auf größtmögliche Wärmestromdichten auszulegen. Die Obergrenze der zulässigen Wärmestromdichten wird durch das Rohrmaterial und durch die Qualität der Kühlungsmechanismen bestimmt.In a solar tower power plant, the solar energy input is limited by the size of the heliostat field. Part of the radiation is reflected by the absorber and is lost to the thermodynamic power plant process. These losses increase with the size of the heating surface. Therefore, for a given thermal performance compact absorbers with the smallest possible heating surface are desirable. By concentrating the interspersed solar energy on small areas, this leads to very high heat flux densities, generally higher heat flux densities than in fossil-fired thermal power plants. Therefore, with the concept of direct evaporation in a solar tower power plant, the cooling of the absorber heating surface is of central importance. To minimize the size of the heating surface, it must be designed for maximum heat flow densities. The upper limit of the permissible heat flow densities is determined by the pipe material and the quality of the cooling mechanisms.
Im Gegensatz zu einem Natur- oder Zwangumlaufdampferzeuger unterliegen Durchlaufdampferzeuger keiner Druckbegrenzung, so dass Frischdampfdrücke weit über dem kritischen Druck von Wasser möglich sind. Dieser hohe Frischdampfdruck begünstigt einen hohen thermodynamischen Wirkungsgrad eines Kraftwerks.In contrast to a natural or forced circulation steam generator, continuous steam generators are not subject to any pressure limitation, so that live steam pressures well above the critical pressure of water are possible. This high live steam pressure promotes a high thermodynamic efficiency of a power plant.
In Durchlaufverdampfer-Heizflächen können statische und dynamische Instabilitäten auftreten, die in konventionellen Kraftwerken in der Vergangenheit zu Schäden geführt haben. Dieses Risiko ist aufgrund der hohen Energiedichte bei solarthermischen Anlagen erhöht.Static and dynamic instabilities may occur in continuous evaporator heating surfaces, which have been damaging in conventional power plants in the past. This risk is increased due to the high energy density of solar thermal systems.
Es besteht daher insbesondere bei solarthermischen Kraftwerksanlagen die Notwendigkeit, Instabilitäten in der Verdampferheizfläche des Absorbers zu vermeiden.There is therefore a need, especially in solar thermal power plants, to avoid instabilities in the evaporator heating surface of the absorber.
Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine solarthermische Durchlaufverdampfer-Heizfläche für einen solarthermischen Durchlaufverdampfer insbesondere in einem Solarturm-Kraftwerk für höchstmöglichen Wärmestrom anzugeben. Des Weiteren soll ein entsprechend verbessertes Solarturm-Kraftwerk mit hohem thermodynamischem Wirkungsgrad angegeben werden.The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a solar thermal continuous evaporator heating surface for a solar thermal continuous evaporator, in particular in a solar tower power plant for the highest possible heat flow. Furthermore, a correspondingly improved solar tower power plant with high thermodynamic efficiency is to be specified.
Die auf eine solarthermische Durchlaufverdampfer-Heizfläche gerichtete Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch die Angabe einer solarthermischen Durchlaufverdampfer-Heizfläche, insbesondere für ein Solarturm-Kraftwerk, umfassend einen Absorber mit Dampferzeugerrohren, wobei mindestens ein Dampferzeugerrohr an seinem Eintritt jeweils eine lokale Querschnittsverengung aufweist.The object directed to a solar thermal continuous evaporator heating surface is achieved according to the invention by specifying a solar thermal continuous evaporator heating surface, in particular for a solar tower power plant, comprising an absorber with steam generator tubes, wherein at least one steam generator tube has a local cross-sectional constriction at its inlet.
Hinsichtlich der lokalen Querschnittsverengung am Eintritt der Dampferzeugerrohre geht die Erfindung von der Erkenntnis aus, dass der Druckverlust der Zweiphasenströmung bzw. der Dampfstrecke wie eine Drossel am Austritt des Systems wirkt und destabilisierend ist. Der relative Anteil dieses Druckverlustes am Gesamtdruckverlust des Systems ist beim Auftreten einer Instabilität zu minimieren. Durch die vorgeschlagene Maßnahme wird der Druckverlustanteil im Eintrittsbereich des Dampferzeugers, d. h. im einphasigen Bereich der Wasserströmung, erhöht. Bei richtiger Positionierung und Dimensionierung der Querschnittsverengung können so Instabilitäten sicher vermieden werden.With regard to the local cross-sectional constriction at the entrance of the steam generator tubes, the invention is based on the recognition that the pressure loss of the two-phase flow or steam path acts like a throttle at the outlet of the system and is destabilizing. The relative contribution of this pressure loss to the system's total pressure drop should be minimized if instability occurs. By the proposed measure, the pressure loss component in the inlet region of the steam generator, d. H. in the single-phase region of the water flow, increased. With proper positioning and dimensioning of the cross-sectional constriction so instabilities can be safely avoided.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist eine Drossel als lokale Querschnittsverengungen in mindestens einem Dampferzeugerrohr angeordnet.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a throttle is local Cross-sectional constrictions arranged in at least one steam generator tube.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung weist ein zwischen Eintrittssammler und Dampferzeugerrohr angeordneter Nippel einen kleineren Innendurchmesser als das mindestens eine Dampferzeugerrohr auf.In a further advantageous embodiment, a nipple arranged between inlet collector and steam generator tube has a smaller inner diameter than the at least one steam generator tube.
Ebenso vorteilhaft kann es sein, wenn ein Austrittsdurchmesser am Eintrittssammler kleiner ist, als ein Innendurchmesser des mindestens einen Dampferzeugerrohrs. Üblicherweise umfasst die Durchlaufverdampfer-Heizfläche mehrere Dampferzeugerrohre, wobei es dann vorteilhaft ist, wenn die Austrittsdurchmesser am Eintrittssammler kleiner sind, als die Innendurchmesser der Dampferzeugerrohre.It may also be advantageous if an outlet diameter at the inlet header is smaller than an internal diameter of the at least one steam generator tube. Usually, the continuous evaporator heating surface comprises a plurality of steam generator tubes, wherein it is advantageous if the outlet diameters at the inlet header are smaller than the internal diameters of the steam generator tubes.
Grundsätzlich wäre auch eine Kombination von Drosseln, Nippeln mit kleinerem Innendurchmesser und/oder ein im Vergleich zum Innendurchmesser der Dampferzeugerrohre kleinerem Austrittsdurchmesser am Eintrittssammler als Maßnahmen zur lokalen Querschnittsverengung in jeweils anderen Dampferzeugerrohren denkbar.Basically, a combination of throttles, nipples with a smaller inner diameter and / or a smaller compared to the inner diameter of the steam generator tubes outlet diameter at the inlet collector as measures for local cross-sectional constriction in each other steam generator tubes conceivable.
Die solarthermische Durchlaufverdampfer-Heizfläche ist dabei nach besonders vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung in ein Solarturm-Kraftwerk integriert und zur Dampferzeugung durch fokussierte Sonnenstrahlung direkt beaufschlagbar.The solar thermal continuous evaporator heating surface is integrated according to a particularly advantageous embodiment in a solar tower power plant and directly to steam generation by focused solar radiation acted upon.
Nachfolgend werden anhand von Zeichnungen Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung beschrieben. Darin zeigen:Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to drawings. Show:
Einander entsprechende Teile sind in den Figuren mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.Corresponding parts are provided in the figures with the same reference numerals.
In
Die Dampferzeugerrohre
Im Betrieb des solar beheizten Zwangumlaufdampferzeugers
Der Sattdampf verlässt die Trommel
Zur Erläuterung des erfindungsgemäßen solarthermischen Durchlaufverdampfer-Heizfläche
Mit Zwangdurchlaufdampferzeugern
Hierzu ist in den Verdampfereintritt
Beim Betrieb des Durchlaufdampferzeugers
Die Drosseln
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE201010040208 DE102010040208B4 (en) | 2010-09-03 | 2010-09-03 | Solar thermal continuous evaporator heating surface with local cross-sectional constriction at its inlet |
PCT/EP2011/064457 WO2012028494A2 (en) | 2010-09-03 | 2011-08-23 | Solar thermal continuous evaporator heating surface with local cross-sectional narrowing on the inlet thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE201010040208 DE102010040208B4 (en) | 2010-09-03 | 2010-09-03 | Solar thermal continuous evaporator heating surface with local cross-sectional constriction at its inlet |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE102010040208A1 true DE102010040208A1 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
DE102010040208B4 DE102010040208B4 (en) | 2012-08-16 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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DE201010040208 Revoked DE102010040208B4 (en) | 2010-09-03 | 2010-09-03 | Solar thermal continuous evaporator heating surface with local cross-sectional constriction at its inlet |
Country Status (2)
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DE (1) | DE102010040208B4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012028494A2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2669573A1 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-12-04 | Balcke-Dürr GmbH | Throttle device |
WO2023174718A1 (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2023-09-21 | Aalborg Csp A/S | Solar radiation receiver |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102011004268A1 (en) * | 2011-02-17 | 2012-08-23 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Solar thermal continuous evaporator with local cross-sectional constriction at the inlet |
DE102011004267A1 (en) * | 2011-02-17 | 2012-08-23 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Solar thermal steam generator |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT278863B (en) * | 1968-01-15 | 1970-02-10 | Waagner Biro Ag | Process and device for equalizing the heat transfer |
CH640631A5 (en) * | 1979-06-20 | 1984-01-13 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | HEAT EXCHANGER. |
US4577593A (en) * | 1984-11-08 | 1986-03-25 | Combustion Engineering, Inc. | Waterwall tube orifice mounting assembly |
WO1997014930A2 (en) * | 1995-10-17 | 1997-04-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for producing solar steam |
DE59803290D1 (en) * | 1997-06-30 | 2002-04-11 | Siemens Ag | heat recovery steam generator |
DE19858780C2 (en) * | 1998-12-18 | 2001-07-05 | Siemens Ag | Fossil-heated continuous steam generator |
DE19914761C1 (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2000-09-28 | Siemens Ag | Fossil fuel through-flow steam generator for electrical power plant has vertical evaporator pipes defined by walls of combustion chamber formed in loop at interface between combustion chamber and horizontal gas flue |
US20090260622A1 (en) * | 2008-04-16 | 2009-10-22 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Solar steam generator having a standby heat supply system |
-
2010
- 2010-09-03 DE DE201010040208 patent/DE102010040208B4/en not_active Revoked
-
2011
- 2011-08-23 WO PCT/EP2011/064457 patent/WO2012028494A2/en active Application Filing
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2669573A1 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-12-04 | Balcke-Dürr GmbH | Throttle device |
AU2013201507B2 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2017-01-05 | Balcke-Durr Gmbh | Throttle device |
US9557745B2 (en) | 2012-03-30 | 2017-01-31 | Balcke-Durr Gmbh | Throttle device |
WO2023174718A1 (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2023-09-21 | Aalborg Csp A/S | Solar radiation receiver |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2012028494A2 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
WO2012028494A3 (en) | 2012-06-21 |
DE102010040208B4 (en) | 2012-08-16 |
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