DE102010037638A1 - Heat-insulating and naturally degradable container - Google Patents
Heat-insulating and naturally degradable container Download PDFInfo
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- DE102010037638A1 DE102010037638A1 DE102010037638A DE102010037638A DE102010037638A1 DE 102010037638 A1 DE102010037638 A1 DE 102010037638A1 DE 102010037638 A DE102010037638 A DE 102010037638A DE 102010037638 A DE102010037638 A DE 102010037638A DE 102010037638 A1 DE102010037638 A1 DE 102010037638A1
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- heat
- layer
- container
- insulating
- resin
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- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 38
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 8
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002023 somite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
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- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
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- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D5/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
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- B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D81/38—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents with thermal insulation
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- B65D81/3867—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents with thermal insulation drinking cups or like containers formed of foam material
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
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Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft einen wärmeisolierenden und natürlich abbaubaren Behälter, umfassend: einen Papierbehälter (10), der eine innere Obefläche (11), die mit dem Nahrungsmittel oder Getränk in Kontakt steht, und eine äußere Oberfläche (12) aufweist; eine Wasserschutzschicht (20), die durch Folienlaminierung auf der inneren Oberfläche des Papierbehälters (10) gebildet ist und durch ein Gemisch von wasserhaltigem Magnesiumsilikat, Harz und Kalziumkarbonat gebildet ist; und eine Schaumstoffschicht (30), die nur auf mindestens einem Teil der äußeren Oberfläche der Wandung (13) gebildet ist und aus einem flüssigen Bindemittel und wärmebeständigen Schaumstoffpartikeln hergestellt sind, wobei das flüssige Bindemittel und die wärmebeständigen Schaumstoffpartikel miteinander gemischt und danach auf die äußere Oberfläche des Behälters aufgetragen werden, wobei schließlich die wärmebeständigen Schaumstoffpartikel durch Wärme schäumen und die Schaumstoffschicht bilden, wobei das flüssige Bindemittel durch Polyvinylacetat-Harz, Ethylen-Vinylacetat-Harz, Polypropylen-Harz oder deren Gemisch gebildet ist, und wobei die wärmebeständigen Schaumstoffpartikel durch thermoplastisches Polymer, das ein Lösungsmittel mit niedrigem Siedepunkt umschließt, gebildet sind. Die Wasserschutzschicht und die Schaumstoffschicht sind beide biologisch abbaubar, so dass ein Umweltschutz erreicht wird.The invention relates to a heat-insulating and naturally degradable container comprising: a paper container (10) having an inner surface (11) in contact with the food or beverage and an outer surface (12); a waterproof layer (20) formed by film lamination on the inner surface of the paper container (10) and formed by a mixture of hydrous magnesium silicate, resin and calcium carbonate; and a foam layer (30) formed only on at least a part of the outer surface of the wall (13) and made of a liquid binder and heat-resistant foam particles, the liquid binder and the heat-resistant foam particles mixed together and then applied to the outer surface of the container are applied, finally foaming the heat-resistant foam particles by heat and forming the foam layer, the liquid binder is formed by polyvinyl acetate resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate resin, polypropylene resin or a mixture thereof, and the heat-resistant foam particles by thermoplastic polymer enclosing a low boiling point solvent are formed. The water protection layer and the foam layer are both biodegradable, so that environmental protection is achieved.
Description
Technisches GebietTechnical area
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Behälter, insbesondere einen wärmeisolierenden und natürlich abbaubaren Behälter.The invention relates to a container, in particular a heat-insulating and naturally degradable container.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Der herkömmliche Papierbehälter weist üblicherweise auf der Oberfläche eine PE-Beschichtung auf. Wenn der Behälter nach dem Gebrauch weggeworfen wird, kann die PE-Beschichtung nicht entfernt werden, so dass der Papierbehälter nicht natürlich abgebaut werden kann.The conventional paper container usually has a PE coating on the surface. If the container is thrown away after use, the PE coating can not be removed, so that the paper container can not be degraded naturally.
Um dieses Problem zu lösen, wird eine Biomasse verwendet, die durch Polymilchsäure (PLA) aus Mais hergestellt ist. Die Polymilchsäure kann zwar biologisch abgebaut und wiederverwendet werden, sie hat in der Praxis jedoch mehrere Beschränkungen:
- (1) Die Polymilchsäure kann nicht in der normalen Umgebung abgebaut werden und muss in der geschlossenen Müllbearbeitungsfabrik mit Anaerobien behandelt werden, so dass die Rückgewinnungskosten hoch sind;
- (2) Die Polymilchsäure kann beim Abbau Methan erzeugen, das ein Treibhausgas ist, dessen Treibhauseffekt um einen Faktor 23 höher ist als der des Kohlendioxids, und somit das Treibhausproblem verschlimmern kann;
- (3) Die Polymilchsäure hat ein gleiches Aussehen wie PET und kann mit PET verwechselt und zusammen weggeworfen werden, wodurch das PET verschmutzt wird und nicht wiederverwendet werden kann;
- (4) Die Polymilchsäure ist aus Mais hergestellt, wodurch die Versorgung von Nahrungsmittel beeinflusst wird, so dass der Preis des Nahrungsmittels steigt.
- (1) The polylactic acid can not be decomposed in the normal environment and must be treated with anaerobies in the closed refuse processing factory, so that the recovery cost is high;
- (2) The polylactic acid can produce methane, which is a greenhouse gas whose greenhouse effect is higher by a factor of 23 than that of carbon dioxide, and thus can worsen the greenhouse problem;
- (3) The polylactic acid has the same appearance as PET and can be confused with PET and discarded together, which contaminates the PET and can not be reused;
- (4) Polylactic acid is made from corn, which affects the supply of food so that the price of the food increases.
Da die Anwendung der Polymilchsäure mehrere Beschränkungen aufweist, ist der Einsatz der Polymilchsäure in manchen Ländern verboten oder nicht zu empfehlen.Since the use of polylactic acid has several limitations, the use of polylactic acid in some countries is prohibited or not recommended.
Da die Polymilchsäure nicht die beste Lösung für Kunststoff- und PS-Behälter ist, erfolgt die Suche nach einem umweltfreundlichen Material kontinuierlich. Daher ist es eine wichtige Aufgabe, einen biologischen abbaubaren und kostengünstigen Behälter zu entwickeln.Since polylactic acid is not the best solution for plastic and PS containers, the search for an environmentally friendly material is continuous. Therefore, it is an important task to develop a biodegradable and inexpensive container.
Aufgabe der ErfindungObject of the invention
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen wärmeisolierenden und natürlich abbaubaren Behälter zu schaffen.The invention has for its object to provide a heat-insulating and naturally degradable container.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch den erfindungsgemäßen wärmeisolierenden und natürlich abbaubaren Behälter gelöst, der umfasst: einen Papierbehälter, der eine innere Oberfläche, die mit dem Nahrungsmittel oder Getränk in Kontakt steht, und eine äußere Oberfläche aufweist; eine Wasserschutzschicht, die durch Folienlaminierung auf der inneren Oberfläche des Papierbehälters gebildet ist und durch ein Gemisch von wasserhaltigem Magnesiumsilikat, Harz und Kalziumkarbonat gebildet ist; und eine Schaumstoffschicht, die nur auf mindestens einem Teil der äußeren Oberfläche der Wandung gebildet ist und aus einem flüssigen Bindemittel und wärmebeständigen Schaumstoffpartikeln hergestellt ist, wobei das flüssige Bindemittel und die wärmebeständigen Schaumstoffpartikeln miteinander gemischt und danach auf die äußere Oberfläche des Behälters aufgetragen werden, wobei schließlich die wärmebeständigen Schaumstoffpartikeln durch Wärme schäumen und die Schaumstoffschicht bilden, wobei das flüssige Bindemittel durch Polyvinylacetat-Harz, Ethylen-Vinylacetat-Harz, Polypropylen-Harz oder deren Gemisch gebildet ist, und wobei die wärmebeständigen Schaumstoffpartikeln durch ein thermoplastisches Polymer, das ein Lösungsmittel mit niedrigem Siedepunkt umschließt, gebildet sind.This object is achieved by the heat-insulating and naturally-degradable container of the present invention comprising: a paper container having an inner surface in contact with the food or beverage and an outer surface; a water-proofing layer formed by film lamination on the inner surface of the paper container and formed by a mixture of hydrous magnesium silicate, resin and calcium carbonate; and a foam layer formed only on at least a part of the outer surface of the wall and made of a liquid binder and heat-resistant foam particles, wherein the liquid binder and the heat-resistant foam particles are mixed together and then applied to the outer surface of the container finally foaming the heat-resistant foam particles by heat and forming the foam layer, wherein the liquid binder is formed by polyvinyl acetate resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate resin, polypropylene resin or mixture thereof, and wherein the heat-resistant foam particles by a thermoplastic polymer containing a solvent low boiling point, are formed.
Der Papierbehälter, die Wasserschutzschicht und die Schaumstoffschicht sind alle biologisch abbaubar. Zudem wird an der Innenseite eine Wasserdichtheit und an der Außenseite eine wärmeisolierende Wirkung erreicht.The paper container, the water-proofing layer and the foam layer are all biodegradable. In addition, a water-tightness on the inside and a heat-insulating effect on the outside is achieved.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
Wege zur Ausführung der ErfindungWays to carry out the invention
Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden detaillierten Beschreibung in Verbindung mit den anliegenden Zeichnungen.Further details, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Wie aus den
Der Papierbehälter
Die Wasserschutzschicht
Die Schaumstoffschicht
Beim Schäumen wird das flüssige Bindemittel zunächst erweicht. Mit der weiteren Erhöhung der Temperatur vergast das von dem thermoplastischen Polymer umschlossene Lösungsmittel, wodurch das thermoplastische Polymer ausgedehnt wird. Da das flüssige Bindemittel bereits erweicht wird und fließbar ist, kann es die Spalte zwischen den Schaumstoffpartikeln füllen, so dass die Schaumstoffschicht eine niedrigere Oberflächenrauhheit besitzt. Daher kann die Oberfläche der Schaumstoffschicht bedruckt werden. Da die Schaumstoffschicht eine dichte Struktur aufweist und die Luftporen geschlossen sind, kann eine Wasserdichtheit erreicht werden. Die Temperatur des Schäumens der Schaumstoffschicht beträgt vorzugsweise 80–160°C und steigt vorzugsweise allmählich auf, damit das Erweichen des flüssigen Bindemittels und des Schäumens der Schaumstoffpartikeln gleichmäßiger ist. Durch die Schaumstoffschicht wird die Wärme zwischen unterschiedlichen Phasen und Medien transportiert, wodurch der Wärmeleitkoeffizient reduziert wird, so dass eine Wärmeisolierung erreicht wird. Die Schaumstoffschicht kann biologisch abgebaut werden und somit in nicht verschmutztes Wasser und Kohlendioxid zerlegt werden, so dass ein Umweltschutz erreicht wird.During foaming, the liquid binder is first softened. As the temperature is further increased, the solvent enclosed by the thermoplastic polymer gasifies, thereby expanding the thermoplastic polymer. Since the liquid binder is already softened and flowable, it can fill the gaps between the foam particles so that the foam layer has a lower surface roughness. Therefore, the surface of the foam layer can be printed. Since the foam layer has a dense structure and the air pores are closed, waterproofness can be achieved. The temperature of foaming the foam layer is preferably 80-160 ° C and preferably increases gradually so that the softening of the liquid binder and the foaming of the foam particles is more uniform. Through the foam layer, the heat is transported between different phases and media, whereby the heat conduction coefficient is reduced, so that a thermal insulation is achieved. The foam layer can biodegrade and thus be broken down into non-polluted water and carbon dioxide so that environmental protection is achieved.
Da die innere Wasserschutzschicht und die äußere Schaumstoffschicht beide biologisch abbaubar sind, handelt sich bei der Erfindung um einen umweltfreundlichen Behälter. Zudem lassen sich die Wasserschutzschicht und die Schaumstoffschicht leicht bearbeiten und können je nach Bedarf verändert werden. Ferner sind die Wasserschutzschicht und die Schaumstoffschicht nicht aus Nahrungsmittel hergestellt, besitzen niedrige Herstellungskosten und haben eine wärmeisolierende Wirkung. Außerdem sind die Wasserschutzschicht und die Schaumstoffschicht auf einem gleichen Behälter gebildet. Dies ist bislang nicht bekannt.Since the inner water-proofing layer and the outer foam layer are both biodegradable, the invention is an environmentally friendly container. In addition, the water-proofing layer and the foam layer are easy to machine and can be changed as needed. Further, the water-proofing layer and the foam layer are not made of food, have low manufacturing costs and have a heat-insulating effect. In addition, the water-proofing layer and the foam layer are formed on a same container. This is not known yet.
Die Erfindung kann auch auf andere Behälter, wie eine Papierschale, einen Papierteller, eine Papierbox oder dergleichen, angewendet werden, die gleichzeitig eine obengenannte Wasserschutzschicht und Schaumstoffschicht aufweisen.The invention can also be applied to other containers such as a paper cup, a paper plate, a paper box or the like, which simultaneously have an above-mentioned water-proofing layer and foam layer.
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
- 1010
- Behältercontainer
- 1111
- innere Oberflächeinner surface
- 1212
- äußere Oberflächeouter surface
- 1313
- Wandungwall
- 1414
- Bodenground
- 2020
- WasserschutzschichtWaterproof layer
- 3030
- Schaumstoffschichtfoam layer
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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TW098131722A TWI408048B (en) | 2009-09-21 | 2009-09-21 | Degradable heat insulation container |
TW098131722 | 2009-09-21 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE102010037638A1 true DE102010037638A1 (en) | 2011-04-21 |
DE102010037638B4 DE102010037638B4 (en) | 2015-02-19 |
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DE102010037638.8A Expired - Fee Related DE102010037638B4 (en) | 2009-09-21 | 2010-09-17 | Heat-insulating and naturally degradable container |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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DE (1) | DE102010037638B4 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2473718B (en) |
TW (1) | TWI408048B (en) |
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CN108929489A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-12-04 | 芜湖盈奇塑业有限公司 | A kind of ageing resistance polypropylene water horse enclosing and preparation method thereof |
EP4202118A1 (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-06-28 | Billerud Aktiebolag (publ) | Coated paperboard |
Family Cites Families (12)
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US4187210A (en) * | 1973-12-14 | 1980-02-05 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Homogeneous, highly-filled, polyolefin composites |
US6919111B2 (en) * | 1997-02-26 | 2005-07-19 | Fort James Corporation | Coated paperboards and paperboard containers having improved tactile and bulk insulation properties |
US6416829B2 (en) * | 1997-06-06 | 2002-07-09 | Fort James Corporation | Heat insulating paper cups |
US6139665A (en) * | 1998-03-06 | 2000-10-31 | Fort James Corporation | Method for fabricating heat insulating paper cups |
CN1250391C (en) * | 2000-08-25 | 2006-04-12 | 国际纸业公司 | Multilayer paperboard packaging structure including polyolefin/polyamide blend layer |
SE0003399L (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2002-03-23 | Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance | Packaging laminates and packaging containers made therefrom |
US6811843B2 (en) * | 2001-04-05 | 2004-11-02 | Appleton Papers Inc. | Insulated beverage or food container |
US20020172818A1 (en) * | 2001-04-05 | 2002-11-21 | Appleton Papers Inc. | Beverage and food containers and substrates |
EP1425169A4 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2004-12-15 | Spectra Kote Corp | Grease, oil and wax resistant paper composition |
US7320825B2 (en) * | 2003-05-27 | 2008-01-22 | International Paper Company | Barrier coatings for oil and grease resistance |
KR100640678B1 (en) * | 2004-07-20 | 2006-10-31 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Apparatus and method for tuning radio frequency |
TW200936460A (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2009-09-01 | xi-qing Zhang | Cup structure and manufacturing method thereof |
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2009
- 2009-09-21 TW TW098131722A patent/TWI408048B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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2010
- 2010-09-14 GB GB1015264A patent/GB2473718B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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TWI408048B (en) | 2013-09-11 |
GB201015264D0 (en) | 2010-10-27 |
DE102010037638B4 (en) | 2015-02-19 |
GB2473718A (en) | 2011-03-23 |
TW201111163A (en) | 2011-04-01 |
GB2473718B (en) | 2011-08-31 |
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