DE102010035072A1 - Magnetic system and installation switching device with a magnet system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a magnet system (1, 1 ') having a coil (2, 2') which can flow through it and having a magnetic circuit comprising a stationary magnetic circuit part and a movable magnet armature (3, 3 '), the armature being in an initial position ( 3, 3 ') is spaced from the fixed magnetic circuit part, so that a first air gap (4, 4') is formed between the magnet armature (3, 3 ') and the stationary magnetic circuit part, and wherein current flow in the coil (2, 2 ') of the armature (3, 3') is moved to the fixed magnetic circuit part to reduce the air gap in an end position, and a service switching device with such a magnet system. Between the magnet armature (3, 3 ') and the fixed magnetic circuit part, a second air gap (5, 5') is formed and designed so that it decreases from the exit to the end position of an exit width to a final width at the transition of the armature.

Description

The invention relates to a magnet system comprising a current-carrying coil and a magnetic circuit comprising a fixed magnetic circuit part and a movable armature, wherein in an initial position of the armature is spaced from the fixed magnetic circuit part, so that between the armature and the fixed magnetic circuit part forms a first air gap, and wherein current flow in the coil of the armature is moved to the fixed magnetic circuit part to reduce the air gap in an end position according to the preamble of claim 1.

The invention further relates to an electrical installation switching device having a magnet system, with a current-flowable coil and a magnetic circuit comprising a fixed magnetic circuit part and a movable armature, wherein in an initial position of the armature is spaced from the fixed magnetic circuit part, so that a first air gap is formed between the magnet armature and the fixed magnetic circuit part, and in the case of current flow in the coil, the magnet armature is moved towards the stationary magnetic circuit part in order to reduce the air gap in an end position according to the preamble of claim 8.

A generic magnet system is used in electrical installation switching devices, such as a circuit breaker, selective circuit breaker, motor protection switch or the like, for the purpose of rapid interruption of the current path in a short-circuit current occurring.

That's how it shows DE 10 2005 044 230 A1 a generic magnet system and its use in a circuit breaker. A coil is wound around an elongated coil tube through which the current of the current path to be protected flows. Inside the coil tube are a fixed magnetic core and a longitudinally movable magnet armature. The magnetic core and the magnet armature face each other with their respective end faces. On the end face of the magnet armature stands out of this a striker, which is guided through an opening in the magnetic core through this and looks out on the other side of the magnetic core.

In the initial position, the end face of the armature is spaced from the end face of the magnetic core, there is a first air gap between the two. The magnetic circuit is closed by a yoke, which leads the magnetic flux from the magnetic core to the lateral surface of the magnet armature on its side facing away from the front face.

Between the yoke and the armature, the air gap is very small, just so large that the armature is not clamped by the yoke and thereby prevented from moving, so that the magnetic flux can pass unhindered from the yoke into the armature.

The armature is kept spaced from the magnet core by the restoring force of a shackle spring located within the coil tube.

When a current flows through the coil, a magnetic flux is created in the magnetic circuit. Due to the interruption due to the air gap of the magnetic field circuit is inhomogeneous, the air gap is a high magnetic resistance. The magnetic circuit around the current-carrying coil strives to reduce the magnetic resistance, for example, to close the air gap. This is the basis for the magnetic force that drives the moveable armature towards the stationary magnet core. The magnetic force increases with decreasing air gap width. For a given air gap width, the magnetic force increases with increasing current. At constant current strength, the magnetic force decreases with increasing width of the air gap.

The restoring force of the restraining spring counteracts the magnetic force at rated current and holds the magnet armature in its initial position. Only at the high current of the short-circuit current, the magnetic force can overcome the restoring force of the restraint spring and the armature is accelerated to the magnetic core until the end faces of armature and core abut each other and the air gap has become minimal. In this case, the striker pin is pressed outwards, where he can hit when installing, for example in a circuit breaker on the contact lever and can open this for quick contact opening.

On the way from the initial position to the end position of the magnet armature, a distinction is made between the flow path, the impact path and the impact point.

The flow path is the first part of the path of the movable armature, in which the air gap is still so large that the magnetic force would not be enough to knock the contact lever away.

The impact path is the second part of the path where the air gap has already become so small that the magnetic force is sufficient to knock the contact lever away. The impact point of the striker on the contact lever should be chosen so that the Magnetic anchor has not yet pitched on the core, so that there is still a Wegreserve.

The design of a magnet system in an electrical installation switching device will take into account all these interdependencies. In order to adapt the magnet system to various short - circuit currents, different spring - loaded springs with the respective triggering threshold of the short - circuit current have to be fitted with adapted spring constants, or those in the DE 10 2005 044 230 A1 Proposed solution of the adjustable distance of the ends of the shackle spring is to be applied. Both are constructive and complex in production.

The DE 10 2008 021 768 A1 shows a magnet system for use in a selective circuit breaker, as well as the selective circuit breaker with the magnet system. Here, the striker does not hit directly on the contact lever, but he acts on a control lever, which in turn acts on the contact lever, so the striker opens the contact lever indirectly. The adaptation to different triggering currents is also done here by additionally attached restraint springs or by an additional permanent magnet bondage. A here located outside of the coil tube restraint spring acts on the control lever and keeps it pressed with its restoring force against the striker, until the tripping current is large enough so that the magnetic force can overcome the restoring force of the restraining spring.

If generic magnetic systems with only minor structural changes for a wide range of Ansprechstrengths, between low and very high, be used, this can only be achieved today by a larger restraint spring with a corresponding higher bond strength or by a larger air gap. However, as the air gap increases, so would the carefully designed ratio of paths and impact point, so that an overall mechanical redesign would be required. A larger restraint spring does not fit into the existing magnet system or changes the power budget of the device, so that this would require a new design of the entire device.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve a magnet system for use in a service switching device so that in a simple way can also be adapted to very high tripping currents, so that neither an influence of the path ratio nor the force ratios of the magnet system go along.

The object is achieved by an installation switching device with the characterizing features of claim 1.

Thus, according to the invention, a second air gap is formed between the magnet armature and the stationary magnetic circuit part and designed so that its width decreases during the transition of the armature from the initial position to the end position from an output width to an end width.

The second air gap is also referred to as additional air gap. The width of the entire air gap in the starting position is composed of the width of the first air gap and the output width of the additional air gap. By virtue of the additional air gap present according to the invention, the entire air gap width therefore increases. Therefore, in the inventive arrangement with additional air gap to produce the same magnetic force on the anchor as an anchor without additional air gap, with otherwise unchanged mechanical conditions, therefore, a higher current of the coil current is required. Conversely, this means that in the magnet system according to the invention with additional air gap, the armature is accelerated towards the magnetic core only at a higher triggering current in the coil as without additional air gap. Thus, by the inventive additional air gap in a surprisingly simple way, an adaptation of the magnet system to higher trip current strengths possible without other mechanical dimensions would have to be changed.

The additional air gap also becomes smaller with the anchor path until it has reached its final width. The additional air gap does not increase the first air gap, it is located at another point of the armature, away from the first air gap. Thus, the additional air gap does not change the mechanical paths. The increase of the magnetic force in the movement of the armature from the initial position out to the end position to due to the reduction of the accumulated widths of the first and second air gap.

In the part of the air gap, in which the additional air gap is located, the increase in force of the armature changes very strongly, since the first air gap and the additional air gap at the beginning of the anchor travel at the same time decrease. The additional air gap is located so that it has its final width at the end of the flow path, which is very small, so that the additional air gap in first approximation has a final width of zero. Between the fixed magnetic circuit part and the armature then there is only a residual air gap, which is just so large that the armature is not clamped by the yoke and thereby prevented from moving, so that now the magnetic flux unhindered by the fixed magnetic circuit part can go into the armature. Then only the main air gap acts, and so can the full impact force. The shape of the additional air gap in the armature can be varied.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the fixed magnetic circuit part comprises a fixed magnetic core and a yoke, wherein the first air gap between the armature and the magnetic core and the second air gap between the armature and the yoke are formed.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the second air gap is formed by a contoured recess in the armature, wherein the recess in the starting position is in the region of the yoke and in the end position outside the region of the yoke, so that there the magnetic flux from the yoke to the Magnetic anchor without significant magnetic resistance can pass. The recess is attached to the anchor so that it is already outside the area of the yoke at the transition from the flow path in the impact path of the armature.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the second air gap is formed by a groove-like recess in the armature with extending perpendicular to the direction of movement of the magnet armature side walls.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the second air gap is formed by a groove-like recess in the armature with obliquely to the direction of movement of the armature towards each other extending side walls.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the second air gap is formed by a groove-like recess in the magnet armature with a convexly curved cross-sectional contour line.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the second air gap is formed by a groove-like recess in the armature with V-shaped cross-sectional contour line.

With regard to an improved service switching device, the object underlying the invention is achieved by a service switching device according to claim 8. According to the invention, a second air gap is thus formed between the armature and the fixed magnetic circuit part and designed so that it is at the transition of the armature from the output to the End position reduced from an output width to a final width.

Further advantageous embodiments and improvements of the invention and further advantages can be taken from the subclaims.

Reference to the drawings, in which two embodiments of the invention are shown, the invention and further advantageous embodiments and improvements of the invention will be explained and described in detail.

Show it:

1 an inventive magnet system according to a first embodiment, in a schematic representation, in the starting position,

2 the magnet system after 1 , in an intermediate position,

3 the magnet system after 1 , in the end position,

four a magnetic system according to the invention according to a second embodiment, in a schematic representation, in the starting position,

5 the magnet system after four , in an intermediate position,

6 the magnet system after four , in the end position,

7 a magnet armature for use in a magnet system according to the invention, in which the second air gap is formed by a groove-like recess in the magnet armature with side walls running perpendicular to the direction of movement of the magnet armature,

8th a magnet armature for use in a magnet system according to the invention, in which the second air gap is formed by a groove-like recess in the magnet armature with side walls extending at an angle to the direction of movement of the magnet armature,

9 a magnet armature for use in a magnet system according to the invention, wherein the second air gap is formed by a groove-like recess in the magnet armature with convexly curved cross-sectional contour line, as well

10 a magnet armature for use in a magnet system according to the invention, wherein the second air gap is formed by a groove-like recess in the armature with V-shaped cross-sectional contour line.

In the figures, identical or equivalent components or elements are designated by the same reference numerals.

The 1 to 3 show a magnetic system according to the invention 1 as designed for use in a selective main circuit breaker. It corresponds in its general structure and operating principle in the DE 10 2008 021 768 A1 described. Therefore, should the DE 10 2008 021 768 A1 be included here with regard to the general structure and the general functioning.

The basic mode of operation is briefly reproduced below. To a coil tube 16 is the coil 2 wound. Inside the coil tube is the fixed magnetic core 6 and the moveable magnetic armature 3 , The magnetic core 6 is at his from the coil tube 16 out facing front end with a core yoke plate 17 connected, for example caulked or crimped. The core yoke plate 17 is with further Jochstegen, which in the representation of the 1 to 3 are not visible, and which extend parallel to the longitudinal direction of the coil tube to the other end face, connected. At the other end are the Jochstege with an anchor yoke plate 18 connected so that thereby the magnetic circuit is closed. The core yoke plate 17 , the Jochstege and the Ankerjochplatte 18 together form the yoke 7 It is made of ferromagnetic material. Other belonging to the magnet system parts, in particular those in the DE 10 2008 021 768 A1 shown plastic shell, are in the illustration of 1 to 3 Not shown.

The anchor yoke plate 18 carries a recess which is only minimally larger in its inner diameter than the outer diameter of the substantially cylindrical shaped magnet armature 3 , Thus, the magnet armature 3 slid without friction through the recess, and there is only a minimal air gap between the Ankerjochplatte 18 and the outer jacket of the magnet armature 3 ,

At the magnetic core 6 facing front side carries the armature 3 a blind hole-like recess in which the striker 19 is attached. The striker 19 pierces the armature 6 in a central hole and looks at the outer end of the armature 6 out.

1 shows the magnet system in the initial position of the armature 3 , Between the magnetic core 6 and the armature 3 is the first air gap four in its greatest breadth.

The magnetic core 3 can be made very easily as a turned part made of steel. The magnetic core 3 carries about in the middle between its two end faces a circumferentially circumferential groove-like recess, in the representation of 1 to 3 with a convexly curved cross-sectional contour line. The magnet armature 3 is in its initial position according to 1 based on the anchor yoke plate 18 in such a position that the vertex of the cross-sectional contour line 14 the groove-like recess just in the region of the recess in the Ankerjochplatte 18 located. Between the inner edge of the recess in the Ankerjochplatte 18 and the armature 3 Thus, an additional, second air gap arises in the region of the groove-like recess 5 whose width is determined by the depth of the groove-like recess. The entire air gap of the magnetic circuit is composed of the first air gap between the mutually facing end faces of the magnetic core 6 and magnet armature 3 and the second air gap 5 in the groove-like recess in the lateral surface of the magnet armature 3 , The tripping current to the armature 3 on the magnetic core 6 accelerating is therefore greater than if the additional air gap were absent.

When the tripping current in the coil 2 is reached, the magnet armature moves 3 on the magnetic core 6 to. Due to the convex contour line 14 the additional air gap reduces its width quickly. At the end of the flow path of the magnet armature 3 is the magnet armature 3 so far into the coil tube 16 been drawn in that the contour line 14 the additional air gap 5 on the inner edge of the recess in the Ankerjochplatte 18 ends. There is practically no additional air gap at this point. 2 shows the magnet system at the end of the supply path of the armature 3 in this position. Now only the first air gap is left four effective, even this has already become smaller due to the movement of the armature 3 on the magnetic core 6 too, and it can now be the full punch on the striker.

3 shows the magnet system 1 at the end of the stroke of the magnet armature 3 , The air gap four has become very small, the magnet armature 3 is located on the magnetic core 6 at.

Because the magnet system 1 according to the 1 to 3 is used in a selective circuit breaker, the striker acts 19 not directly on the contact lever of the service switching device, but on a control lever, a mounted outside the coil tube restraint spring, not shown here, acts on the control lever.

In the four to 6 is a magnet system according to the invention 1' as it is for the Use was designed in a non-selective circuit breaker. It corresponds in its general structure and operating principle in the DE 10 2005 044 230 A1 described. Therefore, should the DE 10 2005 044 230 A1 be included here with regard to the general structure and the general functioning. In the four to 6 are identical or equivalent components and assemblies with the same reference numerals as in the 1 to 3 inscribed, each supplemented with a superscript apostrophe '. The four shows the state analogous to 1 . 5 analogous to 2 and 6 analogous to 3 , In the basic mode of operation, there is no difference to that in the 1 to 3 described. In the magnet system according to four to 6 is the restraining spring 20 inside the coil tube 16 ' , Also, the striker is not shown here. The concrete execution of the yoke differs also from the kind of in the 1 to 3 illustrated, but this has no effect on the operation of the invention.

The 7 to 10 show different variants, as the invention for the generation of the additional air gap introduced in the anchor circumferential groove can be configured in its cross-sectional contour.

In 7 is the second air gap through a groove-like recess 8th in the magnet armature 3 with perpendicular to the direction of movement B of the magnet armature 3 extending side walls 12 . 12 ' formed, with the bottom surface of the recess 8th runs parallel to the lateral surface of the cylindrical anchor body.

In 8th is the second air gap through a groove-like recess 9 in the magnet armature 3 obliquely to the direction of movement B of the magnet armature 3 running towards each other side walls 13 . 13 ' formed, between the two inclined walls, a bottom surface of the recess 9 runs parallel to the lateral surface of the cylindrical anchor body.

In 9 is the second air gap through a groove-like recess 10 in the magnet armature 3 with convex curved cross-sectional contour line 14 educated.

In 10 is the second air gap through a groove-like recess 11 in the magnet armature 3 with V-shaped cross-sectional contour line 15 educated.

Overall, the present invention also includes any combination of preferred embodiments and individual design features or developments, unless they are mutually exclusive.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1, 1 '

magnet system

2, 2 '

Kitchen sink

3, 3 '

armature

4, 4 '

First air gap

5, 5 '

Second air gap

6, 6 '

magnetic core

7, 7 '

yoke

8th

Contoured recess, groove-like recess

9

Contoured recess

10

Contoured recess

11

Contoured recess

12, 12 '

Side wall

13, 13 '

Side wall

14

Convex curved cross-sectional contour line

15

V-shaped cross-sectional contour line

16, 16 '

coil tube

17, 17 '

Kernjochplatte

18, 18 '

Ankerjochplatte

19

striker

20

restraint spring

B

Direction of movement of the anchor

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102005044230 A1 [0004, 0013, 0052, 0052]
• DE 102008021768 A1 [0014, 0043, 0043, 0044]

Claims (9)

Magnetic system ( 1 . 1' ) with a current-flowable coil ( 2 . 2 ' ) and a magnetic circuit comprising a fixed magnetic circuit part and a movable magnetic armature ( 3 . 3 ' ), wherein in a starting position of the armature ( 3 . 3 ' ) is spaced from the fixed magnetic circuit part, so that between the magnet armature ( 3 . 3 ' ) and the fixed magnetic circuit part, a first air gap ( four . 4 ' ), and wherein at current flow in the coil ( 2 . 2 ' ) the magnet armature ( 3 . 3 ' ) is moved towards the fixed magnetic circuit part in order to reduce the air gap in an end position, characterized in that between the magnet armature ( 3 . 3 ' ) and the fixed magnetic circuit part, a second air gap ( 5 . 5 ' ) is formed and designed so that it decreases in the transition of the armature from the initial to the end position of an output width to a final width. Magnetic system ( 1 . 1' ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixed magnetic circuit part a fixed magnetic core ( 6 . 6 ' ) and a yoke ( 7 . 7 ' ), wherein the first air gap ( four . 4 ' ) between the armature ( 3 . 3 ' ) and the magnetic core ( 6 . 6 ' ) and the second air gap ( 5 . 5 ' ) between the armature ( 3 . 3 ' ) and the yoke ( 7 . 7 ' ) are formed. Magnetic system ( 1 . 1' ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the second air gap ( 5 . 5 ' ) by a contoured recess ( 8th . 9 . 10 . 11 ) in the magnet armature ( 3 . 3 ' ) is formed, wherein the recess ( 8th . 9 . 10 . 11 ) in the initial position in the region of the yoke ( 7 . 7 ' ) and in the end position outside the area of the yoke ( 7 . 7 ' ) is located. Magnetic system ( 1 . 1' ) according to claim 3, characterized in that the second air gap ( 5 . 5 ' ) by a groove-like recess ( 8th ) in the magnet armature ( 3 . 3 ' ) perpendicular to the direction of movement (B) of the armature ( 3 . 3 ' ) extending side walls ( 12 . 12 ' ) is formed. Magnetic system ( 1 . 1' ) according to claim 3, characterized in that the second air gap ( 5 . 5 ' ) by a groove-like recess ( 9 ) in the magnet armature ( 3 . Magnetic system ( 1 . 1' ) according to claim 3, characterized in that the second air gap ( 5 . 5 ' ) by a groove-like recess ( 10 ) in the magnet armature ( 3 . 3 ' ) with a convexly curved cross-sectional contour line ( 14 ) is formed. Magnetic system ( 1 . 1' ) according to claim 3, characterized in that the second air gap ( 5 . 5 ' ) by a groove-like recess ( 11 ) in the magnet armature ( 3 . 3 ' ) with V-shaped cross-sectional contour line ( 15 ) is formed. Electrical service switching device, which has a magnet system ( 1 . 1' ), with a current-flowable coil ( 2 . 2 ' ) and with a magnetic circuit comprising, a fixed magnetic circuit part and a movable magnet armature ( 3 . 3 ' ), wherein in a starting position of the armature ( 3 . 3 ' ) is spaced from the fixed magnetic circuit part, so that between the magnet armature ( 3 . 3 ' ) and the fixed magnetic circuit part, a first air gap ( four . 4 ' ), and wherein at current flow in the coil ( 2 . 2 ' ) the magnet armature ( 3 . 3 ' ) is moved towards the fixed magnetic circuit part in order to reduce the air gap in an end position, characterized in that between the magnet armature ( 3 . 3 ' ) and the fixed magnetic circuit part, a second air gap ( 5 . 5 ' ) is formed and designed so that it decreases in the transition of the armature from the initial to the end position of an output width to a final width. Electrical service switching device according to claim 8, wherein the magnet system ( 1 . 1' ) is designed according to one of claims 2 to 7.

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