DE102010028945A1 - Organic solar cell comprises simple-, tandem- or multiple cells, where organic cell is arranged onto flexible carrier materials, which are arrangeable onto curved or flexible carrier surfaces, are films or textiles and have adhesion agent - Google Patents

Abstract

The organic solar cell comprises simple-, tandem- or multiple cells, where the organic cell is arranged onto flexible carrier materials, which are arrangeable onto curved or flexible carrier surfaces. The tandem- or multiple cell consists of a combination of p-i-n, n-i-p, n-i, i-p, p-n-i-p, p-n-i, p-i-p, n-i-p-n, n-i-n, i-p-n, p-n-i-p-n, p-n-i-n or p-i-p-n structures, in which several independent combinations are stacked over each other, where the independent combinations contain i-layer. The flexible carrier materials are films or textiles, and have adhesion agent. The organic solar cell comprises simple-, tandem- or multiple cells, where the organic cell is arranged onto flexible carrier materials, which are arrangeable onto curved or flexible carrier surfaces. The tandem- or multiple cell consists of a combination of p-i-n, n-i-p, n-i, i-p, p-n-i-p, p-n-i, p-i-p, n-i-p-n, n-i-n, i-p-n, p-n-i-p-n, p-n-i-n or p-i-p-n structures, in which several independent combinations are stacked over each other, where the independent combinations contain i-layer. The flexible carrier materials are films or textiles, and have adhesion agent on a side opposite to an organic layer system. The organic solar cells are self-adhesively implemented with the adhesion agent that is an adhesive and a Velcro fastener component.

Description

The The invention relates to a light-absorbing organic device, in particular an organic photovoltaic solar cell with a Contact and a mating contact as well as a range of organic material or organic materials, with the contact and the mating contact is electrically connected, wherein in the organic region, a photoactive Area with a photoactive heterojunction between a hole-conducting organic material and an electron-conducting organic Material is formed.

Since the demonstration of the first organic solar cell with a percentage efficiency by Tang et al. 1986 CW Tang et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 48, 183 (1986) ], organic materials are intensively studied for various electronic and optoelectronic devices. Organic solar cells consist of a sequence of thin layers (typically 1 nm to 1 μm) of organic materials, which are preferably vapor-deposited in vacuum or spin-coated from a solution. The electrical contacting can be effected by metal layers, transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) and / or transparent conductive polymers (PEDOT-PSS, PANI).

A Solar cell converts light energy into electrical energy. The term photoactive also refers to the conversion of light energy into electrical power. Unlike inorganic solar cells in organic solar cells by the light not directly free charge carriers generated, but it formed at first excitons, ie electrically neutral excitation states (bound electron-hole pairs). Only in a second step are these excitons released into free charge carriers separated, which then contribute to the electrical current flow.

The advantage of such organic-based devices over conventional inorganic-based devices (semiconductors such as silicon, gallium arsenide) is the sometimes extremely high optical absorption coefficients (up to 2 × 10 ⁵ cm ^-1 ), with the potential to be low in material and energy required to produce very thin solar cells. Further technological aspects are the low cost, the possibility of producing flexible large-area components on plastic films, and the almost unlimited possibilities of variation and the unlimited availability of organic chemistry.

• 0. Träger, Substrat,
• 1. Grundkontakt, meist transparent,
• 2. p-Schicht(en),
• 3. i-Schicht(en),
• 4. n-Schicht(en),
• 5. Deckkontakt.

A possible realization of an organic solar cell already proposed in the literature consists in a pin diode [ Martin Pfeiffer, "Controlled doping of organic vacuum deposited dye layers: basics and applications", PhD thesis TU Dresden, 1999. ] with the following layer structure:

• 0. carrier, substrate,
• 1. basic contact, mostly transparent,
• 2nd p-layer (s),
• 3rd i-layer (s),
• 4th n-layer (s),
• 5. Deck contact.

Here, n or p denotes an n- or p-type doping, which leads to an increase in the density of free electrons or holes in the thermal equilibrium state. However, it is also possible for the n-layer (s) or p-layer (s) to be nominally undoped and only due to the material properties (eg different mobilities) due to unknown impurities (eg remaining residues of the synthesis, disintegration or reaction products during the layer preparation) or due to influences of the environment (eg adjacent layers, diffusion of metals or other organic materials, gas doping from the ambient atmosphere) preferably have n-conducting or preferably sliding properties. In this sense, such layers are primarily to be understood as transport layers. In contrast, the term i-layer designates a nominally undoped layer (intrinsic layer). One or more i-layers may in this case be layers of a material as well as a mixture of two materials (so-called interpenetrating networks or bulk heterojunction; M. Hiramoto et al. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 2006, 444, pp. 33-40 ) consist. The light incident through the transparent base contact generates excitons (bound electron-hole pairs) in the i-layer or in the n- / p-layer. These excitons can only be separated by very high electric fields or at suitable interfaces. In organic solar cells, sufficiently high fields are not available, so that all promising concepts for organic solar cells based on the exciton separation at photoactive interfaces. The excitons pass through diffusion to such an active interface, where electrons and holes are separated. The material that receives the electrons is called the acceptor, and the material that picks up the hole is called the donor (or donor). The separating interface may be between the p (n) layer and the i-layer or between two i-layers. In the built-in electric field of the solar cell, the electrons are now transported to the n-area and the holes to the p-area. Preferably, the transport layers are transparent or largely transparent materials with a wide band gap (wide-gap) as z. In WO 2004083958 are described. As wide-gap materials in this case materials are referred to, whose absorption maximum in the wavelength range <450 nm, preferably at <400 nm.

There excitons are always generated by the light and not yet free charge carrier, plays the low-recombination diffusion from excitons to the active interface a critical Role in organic solar cells. To contribute to the photocurrent Therefore, in a good organic solar cell must be the Exciton diffusion length the typical penetration depth of the Clearly exceed the light, so that the vast majority Part of the light can be used. Structural and re the chemical purity perfect organic crystals or thin films quite meet this criterion. For large area Applications, however, is the use of monocrystalline organic Materials not possible and the production of multiple layers with sufficient structural perfection is still very much difficult.

If if the i-layer is a mixed layer, then takes over the task of light absorption either just one of the components or both. The advantage of mixed layers is that the generated Excziton only have to travel a very short way until they reach a domain border, where they are separated become. The removal of the electrons or holes takes place separated in the respective materials. Because in the mixed layer the Materials are in contact with each other everywhere is with this Concept crucial that the separate charges have a long life own on the respective material and closed from any place Percolation paths for both types of charge carriers present to the respective contact.

From the US 5,093,698 the doping of organic materials is known. By adding an acceptor-like or donor-like dopant substance, the equilibrium charge carrier concentration in the layer is increased and the conductivity is increased. To US 5,093,698 For example, the doped layers are used as injection layers at the interface with the contact materials in electroluminescent devices. Similar doping approaches are analogously useful for solar cells.

From the literature, various implementation possibilities for the photoactive i-layer are known. So this can be a double layer ( EP0000829 ) or a mixed layer ( Hiramoto, Appl. Phys. Lett. 58, 1062 (1991) ) act. Also known is a combination of double and mixed layers ( Hiramoto, Appl. Phys. Lett. 58, 1062 (1991) ; US 6,559,375 ). It is also known that the mixing ratio is different in different regions of the mixed layer ( US 20050110005 ) or the mixing ratio has a gradient.

Furthermore, it is known from the literature that the photoactive mixed layers can be partially crystalline ( Hiramoto, MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS, 444, 33-40 (2006) ). The degree of crystallinity can be changed by the choice of the substrate temperature during the vapor deposition. An increased substrate temperature usually leads to more crystalline fraction or larger crystallites. Alternatively, the component can also be exposed to an elevated temperature after the layer has been produced ( Peumans, Nature, 425, 158 (2003) ). This process usually also leads to increased crystallinity. Another possibility to influence the structure of an organic mixed layer is to use the method of organic vapor-phase deposition technique (OVPD) ( Rusu, Thin Solid Films, 516, 7160-7166 (2008) ; Rusu, Renewable Energy, 33, 254-258 (2008) ; Yang, Nature Materials, 4, 37-41, (2005) ). Here, the organic material is evaporated in a gas stream. The gas stream then carries the molecules to the substrate. By choosing different parameters, the structure of the deposited layers and mixed layers can be influenced.

Furthermore, solar cells with an ip structure are known from the literature ( Drechsel, Org. Electron., 5, 175 (2004) ; J. Drechsel, Synthet. Metal., 127, 201-205 (2002) ). The photoactive mixed layer is a mixed layer of ZnPc and C60. These two materials have very similar evaporation temperatures. The problem described below therefore does not occur in this system, so that the content of this patent is unaffected.

Furthermore, tandem or multiple solar cells are known from the literature ( Hiramoto, Chem. Lett., 1990, 327 (1990) ; DE 102004014046 ).

at non-polymeric organic materials, called small molecules, the evaporation temperature in the vacuum depends closely on the intermolecular interactions together. Are these interactions pronounced, this leads to an increased Evaporation temperature.

For the purposes of the invention, the term evaporation temperature is understood to mean that temperature which is required for a given evaporator geometry (reference: source with a circular opening (1 cm in diameter) at a distance of 30 cm from a substrate mounted vertically above it) Vacuum in the range 10 ^-9 to 10 ^-10 mbar to achieve a vapor deposition rate of 0.1 nm / s at the position of the substrate. It does not matter if this is an Ver Steaming in the narrower sense (transition from the liquid phase to the gas phase) or a sublimation acts.

at The formation of layers by vapor deposition is therefore preferred Structures in which the intermolecular interactions within the layer are maximized so that the interfaces, which can interact strongly at the layer surface be avoided.

The Problem of inorganic solar cells is that it is around heavy (with rigid modules: glass plates, metal frame; flexible modules: metal foil) and thick modules that are not suitable for all applications. Besides that is in inorganic solar cells a homogeneous semitransparency over the whole area very difficult to reach (at Silicon wafers not at all). Furthermore, although there are flexible inorganic Modules, but the degree of flexibility is not enough for all applications (especially where the module keeps coming up and should be unrolled). Furthermore, there are inorganic modules in different colors, the possibility of variation in the Coloring is still very limited.

Of the Invention is therefore based on the object, the requirement of many applications to a light, thin and possible flexible and homogeneous semitransparent for many systems (or specifically colored) photovoltaic module available to deliver.

The Task is by using a light, thin often flexible and in some applications semitransparent photoactive component with organic layers, in particular an organic solar cell solved.

The advantages of organic solar cells compared to inorganic solar cells are mainly in the expected lower costs. The organic semiconductor materials used are very inexpensive when produced in large quantities. Another advantage is the achievable with a favorable choice of materials extremely high optical absorption coefficient tion (up to about 2 × 10 ⁵ cm ^-1 ), which make it possible to produce efficient absorber layers of only a few nanometers thickness. This reduces the use of materials, resulting in reduced costs and reduced energy consumption for the production of the solar cells.

There No high temperatures required in the manufacturing process (substrate temperatures of max 130 ° C are not exceeded), is it possible to use organic solar cells as components both flexible as well as large area on inexpensive substrates, z. As metal foil, plastic film or plastic fabric to produce. This opens up new fields of application, which are the conventional ones Solar cells remain closed. Due to the almost unlimited Number of different organic compounds can the Tailored materials for their respective task become.

In a preferred embodiment of the structures described above These are as organic tandem solar cell or multiple solar cell executed. So it may be at the device to a tandem cell from a combination of nip, ni, ip, pnip, pni, pip, nipn, nin, ipn, pnipn, pnin or pipn structures where several independent ones act Combinations containing at least one i-layer, one above the other are stacked (cross combinations).

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the above-described Structures this is as a pnipnipn tandem cell or multiple solar cell executed.

In Another embodiment of the invention will be more Conversion contacts connected in series, so that it is z. For example, an npnipn, pnipnp, npnipnp, pnpnipnpn or pnpnpnipnpnpn Structure acts.

In In another embodiment, light traps are for magnification formed optical path of the incident light in the active system.

In In another embodiment, the light trap is characterized realized that a doped wide-gap layer a smooth interface to the i-layer and a periodically microstructured interface to the Contact has.

In In another embodiment, the light trap is characterized realized that the device is on a periodically microstructured Substrate is built and the homogeneous function of the device, So a short-circuit-free contacting and homogeneous distribution of the electric field over the entire surface, ensured by the use of a doped wide-gap layer becomes. Ultrathin components feature structured substrates an increased risk of formation of local short circuits on, so by such obvious inhomogeneity ultimately endangering the functionality of the entire device is. This short circuit risk is due to the use of the doped Transport layers reduced.

In a further embodiment, the component between the first electron-conducting layer (n-layer) and the electrode located on the substrate contains a p-doped layer, see above that it is a pnip or pni structure.

In Another embodiment includes the device between the photoactive i-layer and the on-substrate Electrode a p-doped layer, making it a pip or pi structure is, wherein the additional p-doped layer is a Fermin level, which has a maximum of 0.4 eV, but preferred less than 0.3 eV below the electron transport level of the i-layer lies.

In Another embodiment includes the device an n-layer system between the p-doped layer and the counter electrode, so that it is a nipn or ipn structure.

In Another embodiment includes the device an n-layer system between the photoactive i-layer and the Counter electrode, so that it is an nmn or in-structure, wherein the additional n-doped layer is a Fermi level has not more than 0.4 eV, but preferably less than 0.3 eV is above the hole transport level of the i-layer.

In Another embodiment includes the device an n-layer system and / or a p-layer system, so that it is is a pnipn, pnin, pipn or p-i-n structure.

In Another embodiment includes the additional p material system and / or the additional n-material system one or more doped wide-gap layers.

In Another embodiment includes the device even more n-layer systems and / or p-layer systems, so that it is z. For example, an npnipn, pnipnp, npnipnp, pnpnipnpn, or pnpnpnipnpnpn structure is.

In a further embodiment of one or more of the other p-material systems and / or the other n-material systems one or more contains doped wide-gap layers.

In Another embodiment includes the device even more n-layer systems and / or p-layer systems, so that it is z. For example, an npnipn, pnipnp, npnipnp, pnpnipnpn, or pnpnpnipnpnpn structure is.

In Another embodiment includes one or several of the other p-material systems and / or the other n-material systems one or more doped wide-gap layers.

In a further embodiment is in the Component around a tandem or multiple structure.

In a further embodiment is in the Component to a tandem cell of a combination of nip, ni, ip, pnip, pni, pip, nipn, nin, ipn, pnipn, pnin or pipn structures.

In In one embodiment, the invention organic solar cells used in the aviation and shipping sectors. Particularly advantageous is the use of the invention organic solar cells for power generation for drives or Propulsion support systems for glider pilots, hot air balloons, Paragliders.

In In another embodiment, the invention Organic solar cells for power generation for drives or propulsion support systems for Zeppelins and others Used airships. It is particularly advantageous to organic Solar cells on flexible substrates, such as foils, textiles, To use plastics and these on the surface of Arrange airship cover. Due to the flexible design The organic solar cells are obtained when coating the surface no aerodynamic disadvantages.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells for power generation for energy supply unmanned balloons, such as balloon probes (e.g., weather balloons, etc.). The organic solar cells can do this either directly on the balloon cover or on the gondola be arranged.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells used in ship and boat building. there For example, the organic solar cells can generate electricity used as part of the deck cladding or on the deck superstructures be applied.

In In another embodiment, the organic solar cells applied to the sailcloth. This allows the entire sail area be used for power generation. Alternatively, the organic solar cells used to operate electric motor drives which are for sailing support or maneuvering can be used in the harbor area.

In a variant of the above-described embodiment the organic solar cells according to the invention when many narrow stripes are applied to the sail surface, to ensure a gathering of the sail.

In another embodiment, the sails coated with the organic solar cells are used on cargo ships, sailing ships, catamarans, pleasure boats, surfboards and recreational sailboats used.

In In another embodiment, the organic solar cells used on freight containers.

In In another embodiment, the organic solar cells used for driving magnetic levitation trains.

In In another embodiment, the organic solar cells on aircraft wings as support for the APU (Auxillary Power Unit) a. For example the operation of the on-board systems used in the state.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells as a coating in the area of the runway at airports used. Here is a connection with conventional Building materials to a novel composite material provided, the with its load capacity the necessary pressure and weather loads consists. By using organic solar cells in the coating of taxiways is a large-scale usability the solar energy attainable.

In In another embodiment, the organic solar cells used for the operation of airport towers.

In In another embodiment, the organic solar cells Used in space travel, such as the operation of space stations, satellites.

In In another embodiment, the organic solar cells for propulsion of space ferries, rockets and spaceships. In particular, the use of organic solar cells is provided as an additional drive, which after reaching the exosphere is activated. Through the use of organic solar cells in space there is the possibility of a permanent energy supply to ensure. This is especially for satellite missions interesting to more distant objects.

In a modification of the embodiment described above The organic solar cells are flexible, sail-shaped Materials arranged after reaching the exosphere be stretched. Due to the flexible design of the sail-shaped Materials which with the inventive organic solar cells in contrast to inorganic solar cells possible, can have a large surface be occupied by organic solar cells, reducing the amount of generated energy is greater than comparable inorganic solar modules currently used in satellite technology be used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells as part of spacesuits used in space travel. This makes it possible common Replace battery systems. Another advantage is that a permanent energy supply is guaranteed and no adjustment of the operating times to the state of charge of battery or Battery systems is necessary.

In In another embodiment, the inventive Shen Shen organic solar cells used in transport systems. It can the organic solar cells according to the invention For example, on the waggon roofs of trams, S-Bahn, Railways be arranged. Also in the area of stops and Platforms is an arrangement of the invention organic solar cells on the respective roofing intended.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells as part of soundproof walls used on roads, highways and railways.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells in traffic control systems and / or toll systems used. The inventive organic solar cells as part of highway signs and / or Guard rails be arranged.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells for the operation of parking ticket machines and Charging stations for electric filling stations or electric cars used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells as part of houses, holiday homes, Terraced houses, log cabins used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells as part of garages, car parks, covered parking spaces, retractable garages, garden sheds, sheds, greenhouses used.

In a further embodiment, the organic solar cells according to the invention are used as a component of vehicles, such. As cars, trucks, buses, campers, caravans, construction vehicles, used. In this case, the power generated by the organic solar cells according to the invention can be used to operate refrigeration units that cool the interior of the vehicles, for. B. in trucks the transport perishable goods.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells as part of car windows and / or used as part of a car casing.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells in the area of roads and highways as a component of the road surface and of parking lots used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells as part of sports and playgrounds, such as football fields, tennis courts, Hockey courts used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells in the field of outdoor advertising, about at City Light showcases, advertising columns, advertising boards used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells in the field of modern backlit columns and shelters with fixtures, such. B. telephone equipment, fully automatic, self-cleaning toilet facilities, Internet access, control cabinets, Old glass container, used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells in the field of urban and parking furniture, for example at parking machines, passenger shelters, traffic signs, Traffic lights, street lamps, parking meters, park benches, Benches and fountains used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells in buildings or parts of buildings, such as windows / window paper, solar wallpaper, shutters / blinds / awnings, Roofs, stadium roofs, production halls, petrol stations, Bridges, etc. used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells as part of kennels used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells in combination with coolants, such as air conditioning, refrigerators and / or freezers used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells as part of wind turbines or wind turbines, dams of hydroelectric power plants, dams, dam walls, Cooling towers external surfaces of power plants, Chimneys, etc. used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells as part of open-space plants, Solar islands, floating solar islands, etc. used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells in the field of sports & leisure, for example as part of tents, for the operation of auxiliary engines on bicycles, Wheelchairs, etc., as part of sports equipment, like beach sailors, hang gliders, stunt kites, etc.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells used as part of a sunhat, which a connection for consumers (eg fan, mobile telephone, MP3 player, etc.).

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells as part of bicycles, Wheelchairs, etc., in the form of solar wheel rims in combination with a suitable energy storage termi, such as a lithium-ion battery used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells used as part of skis. there can a corresponding solar ski for energy production for a heating device can be used, which the the Skiing used heated ski boots.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells as part of advertising boards on sports fields used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells in the field of outdoor activities used as part of outdoor crockery such as heat dividers, Heat sources, thermal pots, in climbing and hiking sports as a component of clothing, such as thermal jackets and pants, with an additional heating device in the Clothing by the organic according to the invention Solar cells can be operated, sleeping bags and thermal blankets.

In a further embodiment, the organic solar cells according to the invention are used in the field of home or office activities, such as as part of dishes such as heat dividers, heat trays, heat pots, heat pots, as part of clothing, such as thermal jackets and pants, with an additional heating device can be operated in the clothing by the organic solar cells according to the invention, Sleeping bags and thermal blankets.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells used in leisure and travel, as part of caravans, camping tables, awnings, Umbrellas, motorcycle helmets, beach shells, coolers, Beach coolers, keg cooling, umbrella bars, Windbreakers, windscreens, suitcases, trolleys, rucksacks, Bags, satchels, etc.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells for powering showers, fans, Clocks, toys, such as cars, dolls, excavators, dollhouses, Building bricks of all kinds, experiment boxes, children's books, in model making, such as model trains, model cars, model airplanes, Model boats, model helicopters, etc. used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells used as part of a beer mug or drink cup, wherein cooling of the beverage by a cooling device takes place, via the invention is powered by organic solar cells.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells as part of lifejackets, survival suits, survival islands used, wherein the organic Solar cells to a heating device and / or to a rescue signal generator, about a GPS transmitter are connected, which is a simplified Rescue shipwrecked allows.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells in the garden area, such as garden solar lamps, Solar spring fountain, as part of garden fences, kennels, Garden sheds, gazebos, porch swings, lawnmowers, Garden lighting, paneling of balconies, swimming pools used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells as part of terraces, terrace floors, Terrace roofs, slides, swings, etc. used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells in recreational facilities such as mazes, Labyrinths, zoos, beer gardens, amusement parks, swimming pools, etc. used.

In In another embodiment, the invention Organic solar cells are considered as part of tools such as Drill, electr. Screwdrivers, cordless screwdrivers, etc. used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells as a component of interior furnishings such as armchair, chair, sofa, table, stool, chalkboard, etc. related.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells in agriculture as a power supply electric fences in conjunction with an energy storage medium, Protective fences against wildlife in connection with an energy storage medium, for Operation of water pumps, automatic irrigation systems, on silos, stables, greenhouses, agricultural equipment, such as tractors, combine harvesters, milking machines, etc. used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells in fish farms, for example, for heating used for the water.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells as part of small electrical appliances, such as notebooks, laptops, computers, calculators, cell phones, USB sticks, MP3 players, digital picture frames, electronic display devices for e-books, electric toothbrushes, mobile Chargers for example for i-Pods, mobile phones, TVs, Video Recorders, Cameras, DVD Players, Razors, Women's shavers, microphones, intercoms, baby monitors, home appliances, Hands-free kits, kitchen appliances such as coffee machines, Blenders, stoves, dishwashers, washing machines, egg cookers, Espresso machines, stereo, appliances such as irons, vacuum cleaners, etc. used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells as part of collars used for animals, such as dogs and cats. It can be a Combination of the organic according to the invention Solar cells with a transponder done, causing a location escaped Animals is possible.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells as part of mobile milking equipment used by cows (solar cow). It can the organic solar cells according to the invention be placed on the back of the cows.

In a further embodiment, the organic solar cells according to the invention are described as Component used by mobile electronic devices attached to animals. It may be z. B. act GPS devices.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells as a component of photographic paper, paper, Cardboard, plastic used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells for the operation of solar cookers, vending machines such as parking ticket machines, ATMs, solar charging stations of all Kind, telephone booth, lighting at number, mailbox, etc. used in conjunction with an energy storage medium.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells as a component of protective clothing such as Helmets, motorcycle helmets, etc. used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells on islands for the operation of desalination plants, Drinking water treatment plants, etc. used. This is one Supply of devices with electrical energy also on not electrified island groups possible.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells as shore fortifications on rivers, Lakes or seas used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells used on rigs. This can be a partial discharge of generators to generate electricity and thus fuel can be saved.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells used as floating solar islands, causing to create marine solar parks.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells as a component of jewelry, such as earrings, Used rings, chains, piercings, etc.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells in the office or office area, for example as part of file folders, office equipment, cabinet doors, drawers, Warehouses, in combination with RFID chips, writing folders, Ordering systems of all kinds, books, etc. used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells in developing countries to operate of water pumps, showers, cookers, chargers, lamps, etc. used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells for the operation of advertising posters and information boards used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells used to operate solar powered Rheumadecken.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells used for operation of light sensors of alarm systems.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells for operating robots, such as home robots, industrial robots, Play robot, etc. used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells for the operation of medical measuring instruments like glucose meters and blood pressure monitors, Pacemakers, painkillers, etc. used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells used as part of textiles.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells in the packaging industry for Used packaging of all kinds.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells in the field of logistics, such as parcels, Letters, boxes, packages, containers, moving boxes, luggage of all Type, packaging of all kinds, drug packaging used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells in combination with RFID chips for Identification and labeling of containers, railway wagons, Freight, used of all kinds. There is another combination with an energy storage medium for operating an active RFID chip possible.

In a further embodiment, the organic solar cells according to the invention are used in combination with RFID tags, wherein the organic solar cells according to the invention as Ener source for active transponders. These RFID tags can thus be used in the field of container logistics, baggage, warehousing, labeling of consumer products or their packaging instead of common barcodes.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells for operating anti-theft systems, Tolling systems, etc. used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells in combination with electronic security features banknotes, documents of all kinds, identity cards, tickets, Authenticity signs used for medicines, etc.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells on water-repellent textiles, such as Awnings, tents, windbreaks, outdoor clothing, etc. used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells on curved surfaces, such as concrete, roof tiles, clay, car glass, etc. used. It is advantageous that the inventive organic solar cells over conventional ones Inorganic solar cells on flexible carriers such as films, Textiles, etc. can be applied.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells applied to a film or textile, which on, with the inventive organic Layer system opposite side an adhesive, such as having an adhesive. This makes it possible To produce a solar power sheet, which, as needed on any Surfaces can be arranged. So can a self-adhesive Solar cell can be generated. In a further embodiment the organic solar cells according to the invention another adhesive in the form of a Velcro connection on.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells in conjunction with energy buffer or energy storage medium such as batteries, capacitors, etc. for connection to consumers or devices used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells in combination with thin film batteries used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells for use in corrosion protection, For example, the supply of external current anodes with solar power used.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells in conjunction with OLEDs, for example used for playback of e-papers, in portable displays, etc.

In a further embodiment, the inventive organic solar cell fastening systems for mobile Solar cells on. These can be self-adhesive, as Magnetic foil, clip, Velcro and zipper, etc. executed be.

In In another embodiment, the invention organic solar cells arranged on contact lenses. Serve the organic solar cells of the supply of (OLED) displays and / or other displays or electronic devices such as speedometer display in the car, generally speed displays, etc.

following the invention is based on exemplary embodiments in more detail be explained. It show in the corresponding Figures in

1 a schematic representation of a use of an organic solar cell according to the invention as part of a beer mug and in The 1 shows a beer mug 1 with a beer mug lid 2 on which the organic solar cells according to the invention 3 are arranged. These organic solar cells 3 are connected to a cooling device 4 , which at the bottom of the beer mug 1 is arranged. The organic solar cells 3 in this case serve the power generation to operate the cooling device 4 at the bottom of the beer mug 1 , causing the drink 5 , preferably beer, which is in the beer mug 1 is cooled. This makes it possible for a chilled drink 5 also to drink in a warm environment.

In a modification of the above-described embodiment, the surface of a drinking bottle with the organic solar cells according to the invention 3 provided to a arranged on the bottle cooling device 4 to operate.

In a further embodiment, the organic solar cells according to the invention are used in combination with OLEDs (organic light emitting diode). The OLEDs are arranged on the inside of windows. The organic solar cells can be arranged as a transparent film on the glass surface or on the outside of the window in the frame. The organic solar cells are connected to a Energy storage medium connected in the form of a lithium-ion battery. During the day, the lithium ion battery is charged via the organic solar cells. In the evenings, the energy stored in the lithium-ion battery is used to operate the OLEDs inside the window. The illumination of the OLDEs indirectly illuminates the room. At the same time, the illumination of the OLEDs prevents a glimpse into the interior of the room from the outside. This eliminates the need for curtains, curtains, blinds, etc. Preferably, the OLEDs can be switched off when needed.

In a further embodiment, the organic solar cells are arranged on the pylons of wind turbines. It is particularly advantageous that already a feed point is present through the wind turbine, which is why no additional wiring is needed. In addition, the previously unused remaining area can be used. It is particularly advantageous that the arrangement of the organic solar cells on the curved surfaces of the wind turbines is possible by the possibility of flexible design of the organic solar cells on flexible substrates, such as film, etc. The low cost per m ² and the good filling factor of the organic solar cells under low light conditions also make it possible to apply the solar cells on all sides and thus also to use the diffused light from the environment.

A typical wind turbine has a hub height of 100 m, giving a usable height of 95 m. The diameter at the top is 4 m, at the bottom 3 m, giving a mean diameter of 3.5 m. Thus, the usable surface per pylon is 1044 m ² . For each pylon, with an efficiency of 5%, assuming that the pylon has an organic solar cell coating all around the usable surface area, this results in an output of around 50 kWp, which corresponds to a 2.5% increase in plant performance.

In an embodiment of the above-described embodiment The organic solar cells can also be on the wings be arranged the wind turbines.

1

beer mug

2

Stein cover

3

organic solar cells

4

cooling device

5

drink

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

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Claims (9)

Organic solar cell, consisting of a single, tandem or multiple cell, characterized in that the organic solar cell is arranged on flexible carrier materials, which can be arranged on curved or flexible support surfaces. Organic solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that that the tandem or multiple cells consist of a combination of pin, nip, ni, ip, pnip, pni, pip, nipn, nin, ipn, pnipn, pnin or pipn structures consists of several independent combinations, the contain at least one i-layer stacked on top of each other are, characterized in that the organic solar cell on flexible support materials is arranged, which on curved or flexible support surfaces can be arranged. Organic solar cell according to claim 1 or 2, characterized characterized in that the flexible substrates slides or textiles are. Organic solar cell according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the flexible carrier materials on the opposite side of the organic layer system Side have an adhesive. Organic solar cell according to claim 4, characterized in that that the organic solar cells with the adhesive are designed to be self-adhesive. Organic solar cell according to claim 5, characterized in that that the adhesive is adhesive. Organic solar cell according to claim 5, characterized in that that the adhesive means a hook and loop fastener is. Use of the organic solar cell after a of claims 1 to 7 for placement on flat, curved or flexible support surfaces. Use of an organic solar cell according to claim 8 for use in the following applications: aviation and shipping; Cargo container; maglev; on aircraft wings; when composite material; as part of the airport surface; in space travel; in transport systems; as part of the road surface; as part of sports and playgrounds; in outdoor advertising; in the city and park furniture; as a component of buildings or building parts; as part of garages, car parks, covered Parking spaces, retractable garages, garden sheds, Sheds, greenhouses; as part of vehicles; as part of refrigeration units of vehicles; in Combination with refrigerants, air conditioners, refrigerators, freezers; as part of wind turbines or wind turbines, dam walls hydroelectric power plants, dams, dam walls, cooling towers, External surfaces of power plants, chimneys; Solar Islands; as part of tents, windbreaks; from for the operation auxiliary motors; as a component of sports equipment; when Component of clothing; as part of lifejackets, survival suits, survival islands; in the garden area; as an integral part of tools; as a component of interior furnishings; in agriculture; as a component of small electrical appliances; as a component collars for animals; as part of mobile milking facilities; as part of mobile electronic Devices attached to animals; as a component of photographic paper, paper, Cardboard, plastic; for the operation of desalination plants, drinking water treatment plants; as shore fortifications; as part of jewelry; in combinations with RFID chips; for the operation of medical measuring devices, Pacemakers, analgesics pumps; as a component of textiles; in the field of logistics; in combination with RFID chips for identification and labeling of containers, railway wagons, freight, all Art; as a component of contact lenses in combination; in combination with electronic security features of bills, documents all kinds; on water-repellent textiles; on curved Surfaces; on adhesive films; in conjunction with energy buffers or energy storage media; in combination with thin-film batteries; Corrosion protection; in connection with OLEDs; with fastening systems.