DE102010027602A1 - Producing compost from a substrate originated from aerobic biological processes, comprises converting the substrate of aerobic biological processes and/or anaerobic abiotic processes to the compost for obtaining permanent humus - Google Patents
Producing compost from a substrate originated from aerobic biological processes, comprises converting the substrate of aerobic biological processes and/or anaerobic abiotic processes to the compost for obtaining permanent humus Download PDFInfo
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- DE102010027602A1 DE102010027602A1 DE201010027602 DE102010027602A DE102010027602A1 DE 102010027602 A1 DE102010027602 A1 DE 102010027602A1 DE 201010027602 DE201010027602 DE 201010027602 DE 102010027602 A DE102010027602 A DE 102010027602A DE 102010027602 A1 DE102010027602 A1 DE 102010027602A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/40—Treatment of liquids or slurries
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
- C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
- C05F17/979—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material the other material being gaseous
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung/Konstruktion zur Herstellung von Kompost mit dem Ziel Dauerhumus zu erreichen. Das Verfahren findet Anwendung um aus vorzugsweise tierischen Harnstoffen aus Auffangbecken, wie nach dem Stand der Technik bezeichnete Güllebehälter, die zusätzlich einen Anteil an Regenwasser aufweisen zu Kompost umzuwandeln, bevor die Gülle auf die Agrarflächen ausgebracht wird. Weiterhin betrifft das Verfahren die Restsubstrate aus den Biogasanlagen die nach dem Stand der Technik aus anaeroben Anlagen stammen und ebenfalls wie die Gülle direkt auf die Agrarflächen ausgebracht werden.The invention relates to a method and a device / construction for the production of compost with the goal of achieving permanent humus. The method is used to convert from preferably animal urea from catch basins, as referred to in the prior art slurry tank, which additionally have a share of rainwater to compost before the manure is applied to the agricultural land. Furthermore, the method relates to the residual substrates from the biogas plants which originate from the prior art from anaerobic plants and also be applied as the manure directly on the agricultural land.
Durch das Verfahren und die Vorrichtung werden die unterschiedlichen Substrate aus aeroben (mit Luft-Sauerstoff O2) und anaeroben (ohne Luft-Sauerstoff) Vorgängen in den erfindungsgemäßen Reaktionsbecken (erstes) mit Sauerstoff angereichert und mit Grünabfällen und/oder Grünschnitt und/oder Stallmist von mindestens 40% sowie kleines Schreddergut zugesetzt. Im dem folgenden Reaktionsbecken erhält das so entstandene Substrat eine weitere Sauerstoffbehandlung und wird jetzt mit kleinkörnigen Kohlestücken aus einem Pyrolyse-Reaktor angereichert. Nach durchfließen dieser beiden Aufbereitungsbecken wird das noch flüssig breiartige Substrat mittels einer Pumpe in eine Mischtrommel gepumpt. In der Mischtrommel wird dem flüssig breiartigem Substrat Sand beigemischt bis eine stabile Struktur hergestellt ist.By the method and the device, the different substrates of aerobic (with air-oxygen O2) and anaerobic (without air-oxygen) processes in the reaction tank according to the invention (first) enriched with oxygen and green waste and / or green waste and / or manure of at least 40% as well as small shredded material added. In the following reaction tank, the resulting substrate receives a further oxygen treatment and is now enriched with small-grained coal pieces from a pyrolysis reactor. After flowing through these two treatment tanks, the still liquid mushy substrate is pumped by means of a pump in a mixing drum. In the mixing drum sand is added to the liquid mushy substrate until a stable structure is produced.
Nach verlassen der Mischtrommel kann der so entstandene Kompost zur weiteren Verarbeitung zum wenden in geschwadeten Reihen gelagert werden oder mittels einem geeigneten Fahrzeug direkt auf die Agrarflächen ausgebracht werden, wo dieser ohne unterzupflügen liegen bleiben kann. Der so entstandene Schnellkompost ist geruchsarm.After leaving the mixing drum, the resulting compost can be stored in rows for further processing to apply or be applied by means of a suitable vehicle directly to the agricultural land, where it can remain lying without Unterzupflügen. The resulting quick compost is low in odor.
Folgende Vorteile weist der erfindungsgemäße Kompost gegenüber aerober/anaerober Substrate und auch aerober Gülle die direkt auf die Agrarflächen ausgebracht werden auf:
- 1. Eine echte Humus/Dauerhumusbildung statt Roh-Humus bei anaerobem Substrat.
- 2. Die Regenwurmvermehrung und neu Besiedelung wird angeregt, kein Eingriff in den Lebensraum des Regenwurms (Humusproduktion durch den Regenwurm).
- 3. Die pflanzenaufnehmbaren Spurenelemente sind vorhanden.
- 4. Durch die Bio-Kohle aus einem Pyrolysereaktor (ohne Luft erzeugte Kohle) die dem Kompost beigefügt ist, bindet diese Bio-Kohle den CO2-Vol-Gehalt für mehrere Tausend Jahre, eine Tonne Biomasse bindet 500 Kg CO2 langfristig, eine Tonne Biokohle 4,5 Tonnen CO2 über tausend Jahre.
- 5. Es entstehen gesunde rotte Vorgänge, Voraussetzung für gesunde Pflanzen durch Vermehrung der sauerstoffliebenden Bakterien.
- 6. Toxine, Clostridien Giftstoffe fördern Krankheiten für Mensch und Tier, diese Stoffe werden reduziert und/oder verhindert und/oder beseitigt (Auswertungen liegen nicht vor).
- 7. Das ausbringen des erfindungsgemäßen Kompost ist nicht an eine Jahreszeit gebunden, auch ist die so ausgebrachte Menge des Kompostsubstrat nicht begrenzt und somit ist die anfallende Gülle, Stallmist und Abfälle/Restsubstrate aus Biogasanlagen in großen Mengen nach Umwandlung in den erfindungsgemäßen Kompost und dann auf die Agrarflächen ausbringbar.
- 8. Bei regelmäßigem abpumpen des Güllebehälters und Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Kompost entfällt das Rühren der Gülle, es ist eine Energieeinsparung und es werden weniger Schadstoffe freigesetzt, wie unter anderem Schadstoffausstoß durch das Rührgerät.
- 9. Energieeinsparung und Schadstoffreduzierung durch das nicht einpflügen des Kompostsubstrates in die Agrarflächen.
- 10. Die Humusschicht wird neu aufgebaut, es entsteht ein Dauerhumus.
- 11. Die Bodenfruchtbarkeit wird gesteigert, die Mikrobenwelt regeneriert und erneuert sich.
- 12. Eine bessere Regulierung des Oberflächenwassers durch Veränderung des Porenvolumens des Bodens.
- 13. Kein eindringen der Gülle in den Grundwasserspiegel wie es bei der direkten Ausbringung der Gülle und/oder Restsubstrats aus Biogasanlagen vorkommt.
- 1. A true humus / Dauerhumusbildung instead of raw humus in anaerobic substrate.
- 2. The earthworm propagation and new colonization is stimulated, no interference with the habitat of the earthworm (humus production by the earthworm).
- 3. The plant-absorbable trace elements are present.
- 4. By the bio-coal from a pyrolysis reactor (without air-generated coal) which is attached to the compost, this bio-coal binds the CO2-Vol-content for several thousand years, one ton of biomass binds 500 kg CO2 long term, one ton of biochar 4.5 tons of CO2 over a thousand years.
- 5. Healthy rotten processes occur, a prerequisite for healthy plants by increasing the oxygen-loving bacteria.
- 6. Toxins, Clostridia Toxic substances promote diseases for humans and animals, these substances are reduced and / or prevented and / or eliminated (evaluations are not available).
- 7. The application of the compost invention is not tied to a season, and the amount of compost substrate so applied is not limited and thus the resulting manure, manure and waste / residual substrates from biogas plants in large quantities after conversion into the compost invention and then on the agricultural land can be carried out.
- 8. With regular pumping of the slurry tank and production of the compost according to the invention eliminates the agitation of manure, it is an energy saving and it releases less pollutants, such as pollutant emissions among other things by the mixer.
- 9. Energy saving and emission reduction by not plowing the compost substrate into the agricultural areas.
- 10. The humus layer is rebuilt, it creates a permanent humus.
- 11. The soil fertility is increased, the microbial world regenerates and renews itself.
- 12. Better regulation of surface water by changing the pore volume of the soil.
- 13. No penetration of the liquid manure into the groundwater level as it occurs in the direct application of manure and / or residual substrates from biogas plants.
Das Umpflügen der Agrarflächen lockert den Boden nur für wenige Wochen, dann setzt sich der Boden wieder und der Humusgehalt Wird beschleunigt abgebaut und damit das Porenvolumen verringert. Der Lebensraum der Regenwürmer wird zusätzlich durch das umpflügen negativ beeinflusst. Ein Quadratmeter Freilandfläche sollte 200–400 Regenwürmer aufweisen. Der Regenwurm ist der Humusbilder Nummer 1 und baut in bestimmtem Umfang Schadstoffe ab. Das ausbringen des erfindungsgemäßen Kompostsubstrat bringt nicht nur Zeitersparnisse, sondern auch eine starke Reduzierung an Düngemittel und trotzdem steigender Ernteertrag.The plowing of the agricultural land only loosens the soil for a few weeks, then the soil settles again and the humus content is degraded faster and thus reduces the pore volume. The habitat of the earthworms is additionally negatively influenced by plowing. One square meter of open land should have 200-400 earthworms. The earthworm is the humus picture number 1 and degrades to a certain extent pollutants. The application of the compost substrate according to the invention brings not only time savings, but also a strong reduction of fertilizer and still increasing crop yield.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung die anaeroben und aeroben Substrate mit Sauerstoff anreichert, um die Förderung und/oder die Neubildung von Sauerstoffliebenden Bakterien zu unterstützen. Die Substanzen die in zwei nacheinander geschalteten Reaktionsbecken für je 3 Tage verweilen, werden mittels einer Druckleitung mit Druckdüsen, die in drei Richtungen in kurzen Abständen in der Druckleitung eingebaut sind, mit Druckluft versorgt. Diese Druckdüsen befinden sich auf dem Reaktionsbeckenboden., die Druckluft wird mittels einem Kompressor erzeugt. Durch die Druckluft entsteht eine Verwirbelung die an der Oberfläche vom Substrat Sauerstoff mit einbindet. Durch das beimischen von Schreddergut und Grünschnitt, und/oder Stallmist entsteht eine flüssig breiartige Masse, die sich in einen aeroben Zustand verändert. Durch das beimischen im zweiten Reaktionsbecken nach 3 Tagen mit Bio-Kohle aus einem Pyrolysereaktor wird die gesamte Masse noch etwas fester. Ergebnisse der Auswirkung der Bio-Kohle auf Clostridien/Toxine sind noch nicht ausgewertet. Nach einer Verweildauer in beiden Reaktionsbecken von je drei Tagen wird die Substrat-Masse mittels einer nach dem Stand der Technik verwendeten Pumpe in die Mischanlage/Mischertrommel gepumpt. Hier wird normaler Sand beigemischt bis eine feste Masse entsteht. Durch das entgegengesetzte Laufen der Mischertrommel wird der hergestellte Kompost aus der Mischertrommel gefördert. Die weitere Nutzung des Kompost unterliegt dem Landwirt entweder zur sofortigen Verarbeitung auf dem Feld oder zur Lagerung für die weitere Bearbeitung zum hochwertigen Kompost.According to the invention the object is achieved in that the inventive method and the device according to the invention enriches the anaerobic and aerobic substrates with oxygen to support the promotion and / or the regeneration of oxygen-loving bacteria. The substances which stay in two successive reaction tanks for 3 days are supplied with compressed air by means of a pressure line with pressure nozzles, which are installed in three directions at short intervals in the pressure line. These pressure nozzles are located on the reaction tank bottom, the compressed air is generated by means of a compressor. The compressed air creates a turbulence which binds oxygen to the surface of the substrate. By adding shredded material and green waste, and / or manure, a liquid mushy mass is formed, which changes to an aerobic state. By adding in the second reaction tank after 3 days with bio-coal from a pyrolysis reactor, the entire mass is a little firmer. Results of the impact of bio-carbon on clostridia / toxins have not been evaluated yet. After a residence time in both reaction tanks of three days each, the substrate mass is pumped by means of a pump used in the prior art in the mixing plant / mixer drum. Here normal sand is added until a solid mass is formed. By oppositely running the mixer drum of compost produced is promoted from the mixer drum. The further use of the compost is subject to the farmer either for immediate processing in the field or for storage for further processing to high-quality compost.
Die Vorrichtung wird wie folgt anhand von Zeichnungen erläutert.The device will be explained as follows with reference to drawings.
Dabei zeigt:Showing:
Claims (15)
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DE201010027602 DE102010027602A1 (en) | 2010-07-20 | 2010-07-20 | Producing compost from a substrate originated from aerobic biological processes, comprises converting the substrate of aerobic biological processes and/or anaerobic abiotic processes to the compost for obtaining permanent humus |
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DE201010027602 DE102010027602A1 (en) | 2010-07-20 | 2010-07-20 | Producing compost from a substrate originated from aerobic biological processes, comprises converting the substrate of aerobic biological processes and/or anaerobic abiotic processes to the compost for obtaining permanent humus |
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DE201010027602 Withdrawn DE102010027602A1 (en) | 2010-07-20 | 2010-07-20 | Producing compost from a substrate originated from aerobic biological processes, comprises converting the substrate of aerobic biological processes and/or anaerobic abiotic processes to the compost for obtaining permanent humus |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20120103781A1 (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2012-05-03 | Smaidris Thomas F | Biochar generator and associated methods |
US8772559B2 (en) | 2011-10-26 | 2014-07-08 | Data Flow Systems, Inc. | Biochar generator and associated methods |
IT201600129720A1 (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2018-06-22 | Cesaro Mac Imp S R L | MIXTURE FOR THE SUPPLY OF A COMPOSTING PLANT |
-
2010
- 2010-07-20 DE DE201010027602 patent/DE102010027602A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20120103781A1 (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2012-05-03 | Smaidris Thomas F | Biochar generator and associated methods |
US8558044B2 (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2013-10-15 | Thomas F Smaidris | Biochar generator and associated methods |
US8772559B2 (en) | 2011-10-26 | 2014-07-08 | Data Flow Systems, Inc. | Biochar generator and associated methods |
IT201600129720A1 (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2018-06-22 | Cesaro Mac Imp S R L | MIXTURE FOR THE SUPPLY OF A COMPOSTING PLANT |
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