DE102010025848A1 - solar module - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is directed to a solar module (1) for converting light into electrical energy in a stand system (4) and comprises a base body (6), which can be arranged at an angle with respect to a stand surface (8), with a first section (10) and a second section (12), wherein the first section (10) is arranged closer to the installation surface (8) than the second section (12), wherein in the area of the first section (10) at least one first means (14) for Conversion of sunlight into electrical energy is provided by means of a first basic principle. According to the invention, at least one second means (16) for converting sunlight into electrical energy by means of a second basic principle is provided in the region of the second section (12).

Description

The present invention is directed to a solar module for converting light, in particular sunlight, into electrical energy in a set-up system according to the preamble of independent claim 1 and to an arrangement of a plurality of solar modules according to claim 9.

It is known that in flat or flat inclined planes / roof surfaces of the energy yield is increased by elevation. There is an optimal elevation angle at which the energy yield is highest. The optimal elevation angle depends on the location and on a southern orientation. Due to multi-row elevation, however, shading losses occur.

In multi-row elevation arise from the second northern row, d. H. at the rear in the optimum direction of irradiation, shading areas that are shaded differently depending on the position of the sun (season and time). At the upper edge of the next series, the shading is the lowest, at the lower edge the shading is highest. For this reason, the density of the rows or the distance between the rows is limited by the maximum accepted shading loss. Especially with crystalline modules, the shading losses are disproportionate to the shaded area.

To reduce the shading losses, the row spacings must be selected to be correspondingly large. This leads to less use of the total energy radiated on the surface (global radiation - diffuse radiation and direct radiation) and thus to a low utilization of the surface.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to further develop an uprising system such that the shading losses are reduced.

The above object is achieved by a solar module or system for converting light, especially sunlight, into electrical energy in a Aufständersystem. The solar module in this case comprises at least one base body which is inclined relative to a footprint, in particular permanently arranged in a defined orientation relative to the footprint or environment, wherein the base body has a first portion and a second portion and the first portion is disposed closer to the footprint as the second section. At least a first means for converting light into electrical energy by means of a first basic principle is provided in the region of the first section. According to the invention, at least one second means for converting light into electrical energy by means of a second basic principle is provided in the region of the second section. The first means and the second means may be interconnected and / or formed in a common unit. However, it would also be conceivable for the two means to be arranged separately from one another by separate carriers or to be connected to one another only via a common carrier or at least to be held in predetermined geometric positions relative to one another.

It is conceivable that the first means and the second means are structurally different, i. h., That the first means and the second means, for example, have different thicknesses and / or partially or completely made of different materials.

This is advantageous because a better utilization of the shaded areas is made possible by such an arrangement, as a result of which solar modules can be arranged one behind the other in the direction of irradiation at a smaller distance, which in turn results in a higher area utilization. Furthermore, a higher energy yield can be achieved at a lower cost by making optimal use of the strengths of individual basic principles for converting sunlight into electrical energy. Thus, the present invention provides an advantageous arrangement of PV modules for optimizing area utilization and overall energy yield (energy yield) in the case of flat or flat inclined planes / roof areas, taking into account macroeconomic aspects. Further, by taking advantage of various basic principles for converting light into electrical energy, the invention provides a hybrid PV stand-up system.

This is also advantageous since expensive realignments of the solar modules are not required and thus gearboxes, motors and control devices, which are required for aligning the known from the prior art solar modules, can be dispensed with. In addition to a significant cost reduction in the purchase of such a system, this also has the advantage that, with regard to maintenance and continuous operation, substantially lower costs are generated with high space utilization.

It is furthermore conceivable that a further third or fourth basic principle is used above or below the first section or the second section or instead of the first or second section. In addition, could also another means based on a third or fourth basic principle may be arranged laterally of the first and / or second portion.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first means is a thin-film module, so the first basic principle is preferably the basic principle of the thin-film modules.

Thin-film modules have a lower surface efficiency, but the low-light behavior is particularly good (in low light, the efficiency is sometimes increased). Furthermore, thin-film modules usually have a lower temperature coefficient. Due to the cell arrangement, the modules are particularly insensitive to partial shading. The shading losses are only proportional to the shaded area. The manufacturing costs are relatively low compared to other basic principles.

This embodiment is advantageous since the use of thin-film modules can exploit the advantages of low production costs and improved low-light efficiency.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second agent is a crystalline module, so the second basic principle is preferably the basic principle of the crystalline modules.

Crystalline modules have a high surface efficiency, but the low light performance is not optimal and they have a high temperature coefficient. However, such crystalline modules are particularly sensitive to partial shading, i. H. the shading losses are disproportionate to the shaded area. Furthermore, the manufacturing costs of such crystalline modules are relatively high, especially in comparison with thin-film modules.

This embodiment is advantageous because a high conversion of light into electrical energy can take place through the use of crystalline modules in areas which are not shaded or only for a very short time.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first portion is inclined relative to the base body and / or the second portion. However, it is also conceivable that the second portion is inclined relative to the base body and / or the first portion.

This embodiment is advantageous because the setting angle of the respective sections is optimally adaptable to the properties of the respective means for converting light into electrical energy. It can thus be provided that in the areas with higher shading of the installation angle is another, as in the areas with low shading, in particular reduced.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first and the second means form, at least in sections, a surface of the solar module which faces away from the installation surface. Thus, the first and the second means are preferably at least temporarily acted upon directly by the light.

This embodiment is advantageous because high efficiencies can be achieved by the direct incidence of light.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, a light treatment device for forming a further surface section is arranged on the base body, the further surface section facing the installation surface. This preferably means that the light treatment device is arranged on the rear side of the solar module or in the path of the light in front of the light treatment device, the first and / or the second means are arranged.

Furthermore, it can be provided that in the areas with very high shading modules with even better low-light behavior and / or even lower price / watt and / or with even lower installation angle or in the north direction, d. H. on the back of the solar module.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the surface formed by the light treatment device is inclined relative to the base body and / or the first portion. This embodiment is advantageous because it can be optimally aligned with respect to their functionality by the inclined arrangement of the light treatment device.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the light treatment device is at least one means for converting sunlight into electrical energy and / or at least one means for redirecting light, in particular a reflector.

By orienting the modules in the north direction, the reflection on the south-facing surfaces of the next row will increase the total yield and thus make even more efficient use of the radiated energy. The modules in the north direction can also be partially or completely replaced by reflective surfaces. The reflective ones Surfaces can be structured so that the incident light is predominantly reflected on the south-facing surface of the next row.

Thus, the use of at least two module technologies or the elevation of the modules with at least two different Aufständerungswinkeln or the use of at least one reflective surface in multi-row elevated solar modules in flat or flat inclined planes / roof surfaces to reduce the shading losses or an increase in the preferred Total energy efficient or improved land use under macroeconomic aspects.

The solar module can thus be, for example, a complete module in the form of a single component or else a PV system, for example, in which individual standard modules are used with different means for converting light into electrical energy and in which the individual modules are arranged accordingly become.

The present invention is also directed to an arrangement of a plurality of solar modules, wherein at least two solar modules are at least temporarily arranged in the light incident direction one behind the other and at least the rear of the solar modules is a solar module according to claim 1.

This is advantageous since optimal utilization of the strengths of the individual basic principles for converting light into electrical energy takes place, wherein preferably the support is occupied by modules such that predominantly modules are used in the areas in which only very little shading occurs high efficiency can be used. The elevation is as optimal as possible to the sun. However, it should be explicitly pointed out that the alignment with the sun takes place only during the installation of the system. A temporary or continuous orientation depending on the position of the sun is not desirable because of the aforementioned reasons.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solar modules are arranged so that the rear solar module is at least partially in the shadow of the arranged in front of light in front of the solar module solar module. Preferably, the first portion is at least temporarily completely shaded. in the more shaded areas, modules with better low-light performance and / or with less or proportional dependence on the shaded area and / or modules with lower price per watt may be provided. This is advantageous in terms of land use, as compared to the arrangement known from the prior art, a closer staggering, d. H. a higher number of rows per area can be arranged one behind the other.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second section is never or only briefly in the shadow of the solar module arranged in front of the light incident direction. This embodiment is advantageous, as it always allows a direct irradiation of the light on the second section or the second means for converting light into electrical energy, whereby the advantages of the second means, in particular in the form of a crystalline module, can be optimally utilized ,

Further advantages, objects and characteristics of the present invention will be explained with reference to the following description of appended drawings, in which exemplary solar modules for the conversion of light into electrical energy are shown. Components of the solar modules, which in the figures at least substantially coincide with regard to their function, may be identified by the same reference number, these components not having to be numbered or explained in all figures.

Show:

1a - 1h the solar radiation on solar modules or a solar module arrangement according to the prior art;

2a - 2h a first embodiment of the present invention in several Einstrahlzuständen;

3a - 3h a further embodiment of the present invention, also with different Einstrahlzuständen; and

4a - 4h Yet another embodiment of the present invention having a plurality of different Einstrahlzuständen.

In 1a are solar modules 101 at an angle α ₁ with respect to a footprint 108 arranged in different rows and at a certain distance I ₁ to each other. The solar modules 101 have a base body 106 on or form a body 106 out.

Of the 1b can be found a first Einstrahlzustand in which on the solar modules 101 Light at a Einstrahlwinkel β ₁₁ irradiates. Under this angle of incidence, according to this illustration, the entire on the footprint 108 radiated radiation directly to the solar modules 101 supplied, whereby they can be converted by these into electrical energy.

Of the 1c a second irradiation state can be taken, in which the light irradiation irradiates at a larger angle β ₁₂ . Due to the changed angle of incidence, only the amount of radiation E ₁₂ impinges on the solar modules 101 , The amount of radiation E _'12 hits only on the footprint 108 , whereby the radiation amount E _{'12 is} not convertible into electrical energy.

In 1d a third Einstrahlzustand is shown in which the angle of incidence β _{13 is} again greater than the angle of incidence β ₁₂ (see. 1c ). It results from the fact that in the arrangements known from the prior art with increasing angle of incidence β, the amount of radiation convertible into electrical energy decreases, whereby the efficiency of the entire system decreases or results in a low land use.

In 1e is shown a further Einstrahlzustand, according to which the radiation at an angle β ₁₄ , in particular at a right angle, with respect to the footprint 108 is oriented. It is apparent from this illustration, as already stated with regard to the previously described illustrations, that the proportion of radiation E ₁₄ convertible into electrical energy has decreased further with respect to the non-convertible radiation component E _'14 .

The development described above is in the in 1f state also clearly visible. In this state, the irradiation takes place at an angle β ₁₅ , which is greater than 90 °, whereby the loss radiation E _'15 against the convertible radiation E' ₁₅ further increases. In addition, they are solar modules essentially illuminated only by diffuse radiation.

In 1g is a basic arrangement of the known from the prior art solar systems 2 shown. The solar module used therein 101 has only one section 110 and thus only a means 114 for converting radiation into electrical energy.

In 1h is shown an extremely unfavorable constellation. Due to a very large angle of incidence β, on the one hand, very little light reaches the solar modules 101 and on the other hand, a large part of the light hits the surface 108 , The on the solar modules 101 However, incident radiation radiates to the back of the solar modules 101 , whereby this radiation also can not be converted into electrical energy. Thus, in such a constellation, the conversion of directly irradiated light is not possible or only diffused light, that is, light irradiated from other directions, reaches the means for converting.

Of the 2a is a first example of a solar module arrangement according to the invention 2 refer to. This solar module arrangement 2 has solar modules 1 on, which preferably each have a basic body 6 form, wherein the body preferably at least a first and a second portion 10 . 12 formed. As mentioned, however, two or more basic bodies can also be provided. The first paragraph 10 can be a first resource 14 for converting radiation into electrical energy or form. The second section 12 as a second means 16 can be considered for converting radiation into electrical energy. The main body 6 can be understood preferably as a one-part or multi-part frame part. It is also conceivable that the main body essentially by the first and second means 14 . 16 is trained.

It can be seen from this illustration that the first section 10 and the second section 12 at a common angle α ₂ with respect to the footprint 6 are inclined. The means 14 . 16 form common one-piece or multi-part surfaces 18 out, on which light can radiate.

The distance from a first solar module 1 to a second solar module 1 is according to this representation I ₂ . A solar module 1 superimposed on the footprint in a length I _b . Thus, the length portion I ₂ -I _{b of} the footprint 8th not covered by a solar module.

In 2 B is the in 2a shown embodiment shown in a further Einstrahlzustand. In this state, the radiation E _21, E _'21 irradiated on the solar modules 1 one. The radiation components E ₂₁ , E _'21 go directly to the second means 16 while the first means 14 is arranged in a shading area. The shading area which can still be used to generate electricity is limited by the angle γ ₂₁ .

Thus, even at a very low angle β _21, a high energy yield can be achieved because the distance I ₂ compared to the distance I ₁ from the prior art can be significantly reduced. This is due to the exploitation of the shaded areas caused by the use of the first agent 14 advantageously allow a correspondingly high energy yield.

In 2c is shown another Einstrahlzustand, according to the no shading area in one of the sections 10 . 12 is present. The radiation E ₂₂ thus hits the first section and thereby also the first means 14 and the radiation E _'22 hits the second section 12 and thus to the second means 16 ,

The remaining 2d - 2h can be found in the already known from the prior art process of decreasing energy conversion range. Wherein the efficiency of a system according to the present invention is increased significantly over the efficiency of known from the prior art systems due to the targeted utilization of the shaded areas and thus the high area utilization.

In 3a another embodiment of the present invention is shown. According to this embodiment, the first section 10 at an angle α ₃ with respect to the footprint 8th inclined and the second section 12 is at an angle α ₄ with respect to the footprint 8th inclined. This arrangement allows z. B. the distance I ₃ may be shorter than the distance I ₂ (see. 2a - 2h ). The angle α ₃ is preferably smaller than the angle α ₄ . Furthermore, the first and second means 14 . 16 a substantially equal length, wherein it is also conceivable that the first means 14 is longer than the second remedy 16 or the other way around.

In the 3b - 3h are shown according to the embodiments and examples of different Einstrahlzustände shown above.

In the 4a - 4h another embodiment of the present invention is shown. According to this embodiment, for example, the first section 10 longer than the second section 12 , The first paragraph 10 is here at an angle α ₅ and the second portion is at an angle α ₆ relative to the footprint 8th inclined.

The distance I ₄ between the first row and the second row is less than the distance I ₃ or the distance in the longitudinal direction between the rear end of the first solar module 1 and the top of the second solar module 1 can be lower. That is, the distance I ₄ -I _d -I _{e is} significantly shorter than in the previously shown embodiments, thereby further improving the area utilization. I _d here stands for that of the first section 10 superimposed footprint (or length) and I _e for that of the second section 12 overlaid footprint (or length).

With the reference number 20 a light treatment device is characterized, which has a surface 22 formed. This surface preferably extends 22 or light treatment device 20 between the rear end of a front solar module 1 and a front end of a solar module arranged behind 1 , The surface 22 may be formed for example as a straight line or as a spherical surface. In the case of a spherical surface is conceivable that it is shaped as a circular arc section. However, it would also be possible that the circular arc section is executed with interruptions.

Such a circular arc section could for example have a radius r ₁ , its virtual center at the rear end of the solar module 1 is arranged, wherein the circular arc portion substantially the front end of the solar module with the rear end of the solar module arranged in front 1 combines. It is preferably conceivable that the arc connects the front end of the rear solar module exactly to the rear end of the front solar module.

It is also conceivable that the surface 22 is formed by a further means for converting light into electrical energy and / or is formed by a means for redirecting light, which may in particular be a reflector. In contrast to the examples or embodiment described above, in this embodiment, even with a changed light angle (β ₄₁ to β ₄₅ ) always a high utilization of radiation or a large part of the radiation is a surface or means for converting light into electrical Energy can be supplied (cf. 4f ).

The second section is preferred 12 , which may also be considered as an upper, south-facing uprising area, is inclined at an angle of 0 to 45 ° and preferably 10 to 35 ° to the horizontal, and more preferably comprises crystalline principle or high area yield technology. Furthermore, the first section 10 , which may also be considered as a lower south-facing uprising area, prefers thin-layered means with a preferably vertically oriented cell structure or generally low-sensitivity shading technology. The first section is preferred 10 inclined at an angle of 0 to 60 ° and more preferably at an angle of 0 to 35 ° relative to the horizontal. The light treatment device 20 is preferably formed as a thin layer principle and / or may allow reflection on the south oriented surface of the next row. The light treatment device is preferred 20 at an angle of 0 to 90 ° and particularly preferably at an angle of 5 to 50 °, preferably inclined to the north. However, the specified angles depend on the installation type of the system. Under vertical is preferably understood to be a direction to the center of the earth.

The applicant reserves all the features disclosed in the application documents are claimed as essential to the invention, provided that they are new individually or in combination with respect to the prior art.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

solar module

2

Solar array

4

Stand system

6

body

8th

footprint

10

first section

12

first means

16

second means

18

surface

20

Light treatment facility

22

surface

101

solar module

102

body

108

footprint

110

section

114

Means to convert

α ₁

first inclination angle

β ₁₁ -β ₁₅

angle of incidence

E ₁₁ -E ₁₇

Radiation on solar module Radiation on surface

I ₁

Distance between the first solar module and the second solar module

I _a

Transition length

E ₂₁ -E ₄₅

first radiation component

E _'21 -E' ₄₅

second radiation component

E '' ₂₃ -E '' ₄₅

third radiation component

α ₂ -α ₆

tilt angle

β ₂₁ -β ₄₅

angle of incidence

γ ₂₁ -γ ₄₁

shading angle

I ₂ -I ₄

distance

I _b -I _e

Overlapping length

r ₁

radius

Claims (11)

Solar module ( 1 ) for converting light into electrical energy in a rearing system ( 4 ) comprising a main body ( 6 ), which is opposite a footprint ( 8th ) is inclined, with a first section ( 10 ) and a second section ( 12 ), the first section ( 10 ) closer to the footprint ( 8th ) is arranged as the second section ( 12 ) and in the area of the first section ( 10 ) at least a first means ( 14 ) is provided for converting sunlight into electrical energy, wherein the first means has first physical properties, characterized in that in the region of the second portion ( 12 ) at least a second means ( 16 ) for converting sunlight into electrical energy, the second means having second physical properties and the physical properties of the first means and the second means being at least partially different. Solar module according to claim 1, characterized in that the first means ( 14 ) is a thin film module. Solar module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second means ( 16 ) is a crystalline module. Solar module according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second section ( 12 ) relative to the main body ( 6 ) and / or the first section ( 10 ) is inclined. Solar module according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and the second means ( 14 . 16 ) at least in sections a surface ( 18 ) of the solar module ( 1 ) formed by the footprint ( 8th ) is turned away. Solar module according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a light treatment device ( 20 ) for forming a further surface section ( 22 ) on the base body ( 6 ), wherein the further surface section ( 22 ) of the footprint ( 8th ) is facing. Solar module according to claim 6, characterized in that the light treatment device ( 20 ) trained surface ( 22 ) relative to the main body ( 6 ) and / or the first section ( 10 ) is inclined. Solar module according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the light treatment device ( 20 ) is at least one means for converting sunlight into electrical energy and / or at least one means for redirecting light, in particular a reflector. Arrangement ( 2 ) a plurality of solar modules ( 1 ), whereby at least two solar modules ( 1 ) are arranged at least temporarily in the direction of light incidence one behind the other and at least the rear of the solar modules ( 1 ) a solar module ( 1 ) according to claim 1. Arrangement according to claim 9, characterized in that the rear solar module ( 1 ) at least partially at least partially in the shadow of the light module in front of arranged solar module ( 1 ) stands. Arrangement according to claim 10, characterized in that the second section ( 12 never or only briefly in the shadow of the arranged in front of light in front of solar module ( 1 ) stands.

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