DE102010024643B4 - Contrast agents and methods for molecular ultrasound imaging - Google Patents
Contrast agents and methods for molecular ultrasound imaging Download PDFInfo
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- DE102010024643B4 DE102010024643B4 DE102010024643.3A DE102010024643A DE102010024643B4 DE 102010024643 B4 DE102010024643 B4 DE 102010024643B4 DE 102010024643 A DE102010024643 A DE 102010024643A DE 102010024643 B4 DE102010024643 B4 DE 102010024643B4
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/22—Echographic preparations; Ultrasound imaging preparations ; Optoacoustic imaging preparations
- A61K49/222—Echographic preparations; Ultrasound imaging preparations ; Optoacoustic imaging preparations characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, liposomes
- A61K49/227—Liposomes, lipoprotein vesicles, e.g. LDL or HDL lipoproteins, micelles, e.g. phospholipidic or polymeric
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/22—Echographic preparations; Ultrasound imaging preparations ; Optoacoustic imaging preparations
- A61K49/222—Echographic preparations; Ultrasound imaging preparations ; Optoacoustic imaging preparations characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, liposomes
- A61K49/223—Microbubbles, hollow microspheres, free gas bubbles, gas microspheres
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
Abstract
Kontrastmittel für die molekulare Ultraschallbildgebung, welches eine an Mikrobläschen gebundene Koppelsubstanz enthält, die selektiv an eine A- und/oder B-Domäne und damit nicht in merklichem Ausmaß an eine N-Domäne eines CEACAM1-Moleküls bindet.A contrast agent for molecular ultrasound imaging, which contains a coupling substance bound to microbubbles, which binds selectively to an A and / or B domain and thus not to a considerable extent to an N domain of a CEACAM1 molecule.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Kontrastmittel für die molekulare Ultraschallbildgebung. Bei der molekularen Ultraschallbildgebung kommen in die Blutbahn des menschlichen oder tierischen Körpers injizierte Kontrastmittel zum Einsatz, die spezifisch an bestimmte, etwa durch ein spezifisches Krankheitsbild geprägte Gewebe bindende Koppelsubstanzen enthalten. Bindungspartner sind dabei Oberflächenstrukturen des Gewebes oder darin vorkommende Moleküle. Bei der Erkennung von Tumorgewebe ist für den Heilungserfolg eine möglichst frühzeitige Erkennung entscheidend. Ein Tumor kann nur dann überleben, wenn er ein eigenes Gefäßsystem generiert. Dazu müssen die Epithelzellen des Tumors Endothelzellen von Gefäßen extratumoralen Gewebes stimulieren, neue Blutgefäße zu bilden. Die stimulierten Endothelzellen tragen auf ihrer Oberfläche Moleküle, die sie sonst nicht tragen. Dazu gehört auch CEACAM1 (carzinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule). Diese Moleküle werden nun dazu genutzt, Tumore in einem sehr frühen Entwicklungsstadium zu erkennen, indem das sich gerade erst bildende, das sog. neoangiogenetisch-aktivierte endotheliale Blutgefäßsystems sichtbar gemacht wird. Die Moleküle der Koppelsubstanz sind an sog. Microbubbles gebunden, also an mit Luft gefüllte Mikrobläschen mit Durchmessern beispielsweise im Bereich von 0,1 μm bis 5 μm. Die Mikrobläschen reflektieren die Ultraschallwellen das in Rede stehende Gefäßsystem von benachbarten Gewebe optisch abhebt, an dem keine oder jedenfalls deutlich weniger Mikrobläschen lokalisiert sind. Als Koppelsubstanzen kommen dabei Aptamere, Spiegelmere, Anticaline und vor allem monoklonale Antikörper in Frage. Monoklonale Antikörper sind gegen eine bestimmte antigene Determinante (Epitop/Antigen) gerichtet. Bei einer Ultraschalluntersuchung bzw. einem auf Ultraschall basierenden bildgebenden Verfahren der in Rede stehenden Art besteht die Gefahr einer Beeinträchtigung des interessierenden Zielgewebes etwa dadurch, dass aufgrund der Bindung einer Koppelsubstanz an das Zielgewebe unerwünschte Reaktionen des Gewebes in Gang gesetzt werden.The invention relates to a contrast agent for molecular ultrasound imaging. In molecular ultrasound imaging, contrast agents injected into the bloodstream of the human or animal body are used, which specifically contain binding substances binding tissue, for example through a specific disease pattern. Binding partners are surface structures of the tissue or molecules occurring therein. In the detection of tumor tissue as early detection is crucial for the success of the cure. A tumor can only survive if it generates its own vascular system. To do this, the epithelial cells of the tumor must stimulate endothelial cells of extravascular tissues to form new blood vessels. The stimulated endothelial cells carry on their surface molecules that they otherwise do not carry. This includes CEACAM1 (carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule). These molecules are now used to detect tumors at a very early stage of development by visualizing the newly formed, so-called neoangiogenetically-activated endothelial blood vessel system. The molecules of the coupling substance are bound to so-called microbubbles, ie to air-filled microbubbles with diameters, for example in the range from 0.1 μm to 5 μm. The microbubbles reflect the ultrasonic waves optically lifting the subject vasculature from adjacent tissues where no or at least significantly fewer microbubbles are located. Suitable coupling substances are aptamers, spiegelmers, anticalins and especially monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies are directed against a particular antigenic determinant (epitope / antigen). In the case of an ultrasound examination or an ultrasound-based imaging method of the type in question, there is the risk of impairment of the target tissue of interest, for example because unwanted reactions of the tissue are initiated due to the binding of a coupling substance to the target tissue.
Aus
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Kontrastmittel der eingangs beschriebenen Art vorzuschlagen, das in dieser Hinsicht verbessert ist.The object of the invention is to propose a contrast agent of the type described above, which is improved in this regard.
Diese Aufgabe wird nach Anspruch 1 durch ein Kontrastmittel für die molekulare Ultraschallbildgebung, welches ein an Mikrobläschen gebundene Koppelmoleküle enthält, die selektiv an eine A- und/oder B-Domäne eines CEACAM1-Moleküls binden, gelöst. Der Erfindung liegt dabei die Überlegung zugrunde, dass CEACAM1 einen Molekülbestandteil, die sog. N-Domäne aufweist, welche im außerzellulären Bereich vorhandene Stoffe binden, wodurch intrazelluläre Signalkaskaden in Gang gesetzt und unerwünschte Gewebeveränderungen ausgelöst werden können. Erfindungsgemäß wird dies vermieden, da die Koppelsubstanz die Eigenschaft hat, selektiv an die A- und/oder B-Domäne, also nicht, jedenfalls nicht in merklichem Ausmaß, an die N-Domäne bindet. Dabei haben sich Antikörper, insbesondere des Typs mabB3 als Koppelsubstanz als besonders selektiv bindend erwiesen.This object is achieved according to
Für die weitere Beschreibung der Erfindung wird auf die beigefügten Abbildungen Bezug genommen. Es zeigen jeweils in schematischer Darstellung:For further description of the invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings. Shown schematically in each case:
Zur Herstellung von monoklonalen Antikörpern
Neben Antikörpern können auch andere Koppelsubstanzen, wie etwa die oben erwähnten Aptamere, Spiegelmere und Anticaline für ein Kontrastmittel verwendet werden. Aptamere sind Bruchstücke von RNA-Molekülen, welche im Zuge der Proteinsynthese Informationen von der DNA aus dem Zellkern transportieren. Im Gegensatz zu Antikörpern können Aptamere auf einfache Weise, nämlich in einem Reagenzglas auf ein besseres Bindungsverhalten gegenüber CEACAM1 optimiert werden, beispielsweise mit den sog. Selex-Verfahren, einem in der Molekularbiologie bekannten kombinatorischen Verfahren zur evolutionären Entwicklung von an bestimmte Targets bzw. Epitope angepassten Oligonukleotid-Strängen. Spiegelmere sind spiegelverkehrte RNA-Abschnitte bzw. Aptamere, die resistent gegen enzymatischen Abbau sind. Spiegelmere verwendende Kontrastmittel besitzen damit neben einer hohen Selektivität und Affinität eine längere Lebensdauer im Körper, so dass auch länger dauernde Ultraschall-Untersuchungen möglich sind. Anticaline sind künstliche Proteine, die zur Bindung an Antigene bzw. Epitope befähigt sind. Sie setzen sich aus etwa 180 Aminosäuren zusammen. Durch Variation der Aminosäure-Sequenz, z. B. durch das oben erwähnte Selex-Verfahren lassen sich Anticaline herstellen, die mit hoher Selektivität ausschließlich an die A- und/oder B-Domäne des CEACAM1 binden. Zur Entwicklung von spezifisch an eine A- oder B-Domäne eines CEACAM1-Moleküls bindenden Aptameren, Spiegelmeren und Anticalinen werden ebenfalls CEACAM1-Moleküle ohne N-Domäne oder die N-Domäne nachbildende Teilmoleküle verwendet.Besides antibodies, other coupling substances such as the aptamers, spiegelmers and anticalins mentioned above can also be used for a contrast agent. Aptamers are fragments of RNA molecules that carry information from the DNA from the nucleus during protein synthesis. In contrast to antibodies, aptamers can be optimized in a simple manner, namely in a test tube, for a better binding behavior with respect to CEACAM1, for example with the so-called Selex method, a combinatorial method known in molecular biology for the evolutionary development of specific targets or epitopes oligonucleotide strands. Spiegelmers are mirror-inverted RNA sections or aptamers that are resistant to enzymatic degradation. Spiegelmers using contrast agents thus have a high selectivity and affinity longer life in the body, so that even longer-lasting ultrasound examinations are possible. Anticalins are artificial proteins that are capable of binding to antigens or epitopes. They are composed of about 180 amino acids. By variation of the amino acid sequence, e.g. B. by the above-mentioned Selex method can be prepared anticalins that bind with high selectivity exclusively to the A and / or B domain of CEACAM1. To develop aptamers, spiegelmers and anticalins that specifically bind to an A or B domain of a CEACAM1 molecule, CEACAM1 molecules without an N domain or the N domain replicating submolecules are also used.
Die oben erwähnten Koppelsubstanzen sind an Mikrobläschen
An die Außenseite Mikrobläschen
Eine auf die oben genannte Art und Weise an ein Mikrobläschen
Claims (4)
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DE102007041831A1 (en) * | 2007-09-03 | 2009-03-05 | Siemens Ag | Contrast agent for the ultrasound examination of the prostate and methods for the diagnosis of prostate cancer |
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DE102007041831A1 (en) * | 2007-09-03 | 2009-03-05 | Siemens Ag | Contrast agent for the ultrasound examination of the prostate and methods for the diagnosis of prostate cancer |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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D. Tilki et.al., "Molekulare Bildgebung der Tumorgefäße". In: Urologe, ISSn 0340-2592, 2007, 46, 1266-1271 * |
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