DE102010012610A1 - Switchable magnetic clutch, particularly air compressor magnetic clutch, has stator, driving part for discharging input torque, rotor coupled with driving part and magnetic coil that is provided at stator or rotor - Google Patents

Abstract

The switchable magnetic clutch has a stator (28), a driving part (10) for discharging an input torque, a rotor (20) coupled with the driving part and a magnetic coil (30) that is provided at stator or rotor. An anchor part (14) is movable over the magnetic coil. A coupling part (36) is movable over an actuator (48), particularly an electromagnetic actuator. The coupling part is brought in the interference with another coupling part (46), in order to produce a for-fit connection in circumferential direction between the driving part and rotor. An independent claim is also included for a method for actuating a magnetic clutch.

Description

The invention relates to a switchable magnetic coupling according to the preamble of claim 1.

In particular, the invention relates to an air conditioning compressor magnetic clutch used in automobiles for temporarily coupling an air conditioning compressor to a rotary drive. Such magnetic clutches comprise a stator, a drive part for introducing an input torque, and a rotor which can be optionally coupled to the drive part and forms the output. A magnet coil usually attracts a so-called armature disc or, more generally, an armature part, which is coupled to the drive part, so that a frictional engagement between the armature part and the rotor results. About this frictional engagement of the rotor is relatively quickly brought to the speed of the drive member. When the A / C compressor is to be decoupled again, the solenoid is simply deenergized and the normally spring loaded armature member returns to the uncoupled position.

The object of the invention is to provide a simply constructed, energy-saving to be operated magnetic coupling and to provide a cost operable, simple method for actuating such a magnetic coupling.

These objects are achieved by the features of claim 1 and claim 28, respectively.

The magnetic coupling according to the invention comprises an actuator which can bring two coupling parts in positive engagement with each other, so that in the coupled state, the torque transmission from the drive part to the rotor is not done via the frictional engagement, as in the prior art, but via a positive connection. Thus, the solenoid, which ensures the speed adjustment when activating the clutch, be de-energized. The interlocking connection, which takes place through the two coupling parts, does not have to be designed so that one of the coupling parts is mounted directly on the drive part and the other directly on the rotor or form part of the same. Rather, also intermediate components may be present.

Preferably, the actuator is a separate drive, which is not formed by the magnetic coil.

The armature part including magnetic coil forms according to a preferred embodiment, a synchronization unit, which provides solely for the speed compensation between the rotor and drive part.

In addition, a control of the magnetic coupling should be provided, which switches the solenoid coil de-energized when creating the positive connection.

This positive connection can be detected, for example via sensors, or predicted by previous experiments. This latter case can be carried out, for example, such that after a predetermined period of energization, which is always sufficient to achieve the speed matching, the solenoid is then switched off.

In addition, after a predetermined time after Bestromungsbeginn the solenoid or at the same time hereby the actuator are actuated, so that a predetermined sequence of energization of the solenoid and actuator takes place.

The currentless switching of solenoid coil and actuator can be done simultaneously after a predetermined period of time.

Alternatively or additionally, a path-dependent circuit is possible, in which the path of the first coupling part or a drive part is determined for this purpose.

Combinations of the above sequences are possible and advantageous.

As already briefly explained, a sensor which interrogates the switching position of the actuator may be provided. In particular, the actuator is returned at standstill of the drive part in the starting position (decoupled position).

Furthermore, one or more speed sensors can be used, via which the speed compensation between the armature part and the rotor is detected. This makes it possible to carry out the switching operation, that is to say the activation of the actuator, when the speed compensation has actually taken place.

The separation of the positive connection between the coupling parts can be achieved either by spring elements and / or by an actuation of the actuator in the opposite direction. The actuator does not have to perform all the return movement of the movable coupling part, but can only initiate the movement.

The form fit between the two coupling parts can be done for example via gears. Here are all known types of gears from the synchronization and coupling range possible, for example, spur gears, claw toothing, sliding teeth etc.

The teeth are designed according to the preferred embodiment with such a geometry that they generate a holding force against decoupling in the coupled state.

This holding force can be produced according to an embodiment in that the parts which can be coupled together have inclined surfaces, in particular via undercuts (seen in the direction of movement for the coupled position). These inclined surfaces form a lock in the coupled position.

Embodiments for the actuator are, in particular, electrically actuatable actuators, for example, electrically actuatable linear actuators.

The actuator or the actuators can be arranged inside or outside the common envelope of rotor and stator, in particular also within the coupling housing, or be attached to the outside of the housing or the envelope or lie.

As an actuator, another solenoid can serve, which could be arranged within the stator.

If the anchor part is mounted linearly movable on the drive part, storage parts can be saved. The interposition of a prestressed spring element ensures a bias of the anchor member in one direction.

The drive part is designed in particular as a hub which receives a drive shaft.

It is also advantageous to provide the anchor member with a friction lining, with which it contacts the rotor.

The movable coupling part can be stored on the drive part or on the anchor part, to create a certain compactness.

An alternative would be the storage of the movable coupling part on the rotor.

The movable coupling part can be designed as a disk or as a ring, with a circumferential or spur toothing, which engages in a toothing on the other coupling part.

Due to the splines, it should be ruled out that the gears could mesh with one another and damage themselves if the rotor was not yet synchronized with the speed. In order to prevent this, it is envisaged to support the movable coupling part in the circumferential direction with such great play that, in the case of non-aligned coupling parts, it is possible to rotate the movable coupling part for aligning the coupling parts and for subsequent telescoping.

If the gears are to be any form of Einspurphasen, tipping, rounding and bevels may be provided which facilitate the engagement or disengagement.

In particular, in this context, the stop is an oblique, wedge-shaped stop, which is designed obliquely, that due to the applied torque due to the different speeds a resistance to axial displacement is generated, which is greater than the axial force applied by the actuator.

The movable coupling part is according to one embodiment of the invention, an axially displaceable sliding sleeve.

The shift sleeve is moved for example via an actuator, which is designed as a magnetic linear drive.

The movable coupling part could also be biased by a resilient return element in the decoupled position, so that the actuator would be responsible only for the coupling process and at most for the initiation of the return movement.

In addition to the Sperrverzahnungslösung also other positive connections between the two coupling parts can be formed. For example, the movable coupling part could preferably have a plurality of rod-shaped, in particular axially displaceably mounted in the rotor locking elements which engage positively in the coupled position in the second coupling part. Such locking elements, which could also be designed only as projections or as locking bolts, are very easy to manufacture.

The second coupling part may have correspondingly shaped recesses, in which engage the locking elements or inlet slopes in the associated recesses.

Again, to overcome tolerances a certain amount of play should be present, which can be realized for example by tapered tips of the locking elements or inlet slopes in the associated recesses.

These locking elements can also move together via a sliding shift fork.

A further embodiment of the invention provides that the movable coupling part a, in particular with the anchor part or the rotor axially displaceably mounted shift sleeve, which is lockable via a locking device in the coupled position in a form-fitting manner. This increases the reliability and the positional security of the first coupling part in the coupled position.

The locking device can be realized differently. One solution provides for inserting movable intermediate elements (for example balls) which couple the sliding sleeve with the anchor part or the rotor directly or indirectly via other parts. From a releaser, these intermediate elements are moved to the coupled position and also held by him in this coupled position.

It is conceivable in this context that the releaser presses the intermediate element in an associated recess (or the releaser moves all the intermediate elements in their associated recesses) and the recess (s) can close.

The recess or an adjacent thereto receiving groove has for decoupling according to an embodiment of the invention, an inclined surface over which the associated intermediate element is moved again in the decoupled position during an axial movement.

The recess for the intermediate element is provided in particular in the sliding sleeve itself.

As already explained above, the invention also relates to a method for actuating a magnetic coupling according to the invention. This method provides that the solenoid is de-energized when the positive connection is achieved in order to save energy.

In addition, the solenoid can be switched off after a predetermined period of time after the start of the current supply, when a speed equalization must already have taken place safely.

The actuator is preferably actuated and / or deactivated again at the same time as the beginning of the energization of the magnetic coil or with a time delay, that is to say it is de-energized for the return movement or activated only for a short time.

After completion of the switching operation, that is, after coupling the parts, the solenoid and the actuator are preferably switched off.

In addition, the switching position of the actuator can be monitored by sensors and a reset at standstill of the drive in the starting position done (power flow separated).

The provision and separation of the coupling parts at standstill can optionally be done by short-term actuation of the Schaltaktuators.

The aforementioned method steps can also be combined with one another as desired.

Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description and from the following drawings, to which reference is made. In the drawings show:

1 a schematic longitudinal sectional view through a first embodiment of the magnetic coupling according to the invention,

1a and 1b schematic sectional views through the coupling parts to be engaged along the line Ia-Ia in 1 in the uncoupled or coupled state,

2 a schematic longitudinal sectional view through a second embodiment of the magnetic coupling according to the invention,

2a and 2 B schematic sectional views through the coupling parts to be engaged with each other in the uncoupled or coupled state,

2c a schematic sectional view taken along the line IIc-IIc in 2 .

2d a schematic sectional view of a driver along the line IId-IId in 2 .

3 a schematic longitudinal sectional view through a third embodiment of the magnetic coupling according to the invention,

3a a detail sectional view along the line IIIa-IIIa in 3 with coupled magnetic coupling,

3b and 3c Details sectional views of one opposite 3 slightly modified variant in open or switched state,

3d and 3e Detail sectional views of another variant in open or switched state,

4 a schematic longitudinal sectional view through a fourth embodiment of a magnetic coupling according to the invention,

4a and 4b Radial views in the direction of the arrow X in 4 two coupling parts to be engaged with each other in the uncoupled or coupled state,

5 a schematic longitudinal sectional view through a magnetic coupling according to a fifth embodiment,

5a and 5b schematic sectional views along the line Va-Va in 5 two coupling parts to be engaged with each other in the uncoupled or coupled state,

6 a schematic longitudinal sectional view through a magnetic coupling according to a sixth embodiment, and

6a and 6b schematic detail sectional views along the line VIa-VIa in 6 two engageable coupling parts in the non-coupled or coupled state.

In the figures, electromagnetically actuated switchable magnetic couplings are shown, as used in particular for air conditioning compressors in motor vehicles.

The magnetic clutches are driven by a symbolized by a central axis A drive shaft. The drive shaft is set in motion via its own drive motor or via the internal combustion engine. Part of the drive shaft or coupled to the drive shaft is a drive part 10 , which is designed like a disk and in particular as a hub.

At the drive part 10 is frontal and axial via fasteners 12 displaceable, but circumferentially fixed an anchor part 14 attached, which is designed in particular as a disc and moreover preferably a front-side friction surface 16 has. Between the anchor part 14 and the drive part 10 sit one or more spring elements 18 which the anchor part 14 towards a rotor 20 Pretension.

The rotor 20 , which forms the output of the clutch, is the friction surface 16 opposite and has a frontal contact surface on which the friction surface 16 can be present. The rotor 20 is about a camp 22 in the case 24 rotatably mounted the clutch. On the outer circumference of the rotor 20 For example, a belt engages a chain or a toothing, according to the rotor 20 have profiled grooves or teeth on the outer circumference. The type of torque transmission is not to be understood as limiting.

In the illustrated embodiment, the rotor has 20 an annular receiving space in which a stature 28 with one or more solenoids 30 is housed.

By energizing the solenoid 30 can the anchor part 14 tighten, in the axial direction of the rotor 20 to.

About a line 32 which with a control 34 is connected, as will be explained later, the solenoid 30 temporarily energized.

With the drive part 10 is a sliding sleeve, which is a movable, first coupling part 36 forms, axially displaceable and torque-resistant connected. For this purpose, the drive part 10 a gearing 38 have, in a corresponding toothing 40 at the first coupling part 36 intervenes.

The first coupling part 36 has a toothing on the outer circumference 42 on, which by axial displacement with the toothing 44 a second coupling part 46 can be engaged.

The second coupling part 46 is part of the rotor 20 or one with the rotor 20 indirectly or directly coupled, rotatably connected to him part, here in the form of a ring with the teeth 44 on the radial inside.

An actuator 48 who also with the controller 34 should be connected, forms a linear drive for the first coupling part 36 ,

The actuator 48 is for example a magnetic linear drive, the housing 24 is attached.

The gears 42 . 44 are in the 1a and 1b clearly visible. The individual teeth 50 . 52 the gears 42 respectively. 44 have a tapered tip and a tapered to the opposite end, trapezoidal main body. By the tapering towards the opposite end of the main body there are undercuts 54 on the teeth 50 . 52 seen in the axial direction.

1 shows the magnetic coupling in the non-coupled state, in which the friction surface 16 from the rotor 20 is spaced as well as the first coupling part 36 from the second coupling part 46 ,

In this state is the rotor 20 silent, the drive part 10 can turn (for example when driving) or not (when the vehicle is at a standstill).

1a shows the spaced, non-intermeshing teeth 50 . 52 which is a rotation of the first coupling part 36 decoupled from the second coupling part 46 allow.

If the air compressor is driven and thus the rotor 20 be set in rotation, so will be through the controller 34 the magnetic coil 30 energized, so that the anchor part 14 towards the rotor 20 is moved, along the serving as a guide fasteners 12 ,

Preferably, the drive part is 10 in the axial direction, but this would not necessarily be the case.

Once the friction surface 16 the rotor 20 touched, via a friction joint of the rotor 20 accelerated.

When the speeds of rotor 20 and drive part 10 are adjusted, becomes the actuator 48 activated, so that the first coupling part 36 is moved in the axial direction to the right. The teeth 50 So walk right between the teeth 52 of the second coupling part (see 1b ), so that a torque connection is created in the circumferential direction.

The magnetic coil 30 can then be de-energized again, because the torque is transmitted only form-fitting via the connection between the coupling parts 36 . 46 ,

This excludes that opposing teeth 50 . 52 exactly abut each other frontally and thus an axial displacement of the first coupling part 36 To the right, several measures can be taken which can be used individually or cumulatively.

For example, the mutually facing ends of the teeth run 50 . 52 pointed so that they can slide past each other.

In addition, in the circumferential direction, a slight clearance between the first coupling part 36 and the drive part 10 be provided, which is an evasive rotational movement of the toothing 42 would allow.

In addition, upon actuation of the actuator 48 the magnetic coil 30 de-energized, so that a slight rotational movement between the drive part 10 and thus the first coupling part 36 and the rotor 20 and thus the second coupling part 46 allows for aligning the gears 42 . 44 allowed in the circumferential direction when the teeth 42 axially in the direction of the toothing 44 is moved.

Automatically, the second coupling part can 36 no longer move to the decoupled position, because of the undercuts 54 , which lead in the circumferential direction to adjacent wedge surfaces (see 1b ), results in transmission of torque, an axial displacement force, which endeavors, the teeth 42 to keep in the coupled position.

When the air conditioning compressor is to be switched off again, the actuator becomes 48 operated in the opposite direction, so that the first coupling part 36 is moved back to the decoupled position to the left.

The first coupling part 36 is therefore shifted axially under load.

The second embodiment according to 2 differs from the following in the features listed below 1 , wherein functionally identical or identical parts are provided with the already introduced reference numerals. The already introduced parts are not explained, here you can 1 Reference will be made so that below the differences of the embodiments will be discussed.

The actuator 48 is in the embodiment according to 2 a second magnetic coil, which preferably also in a recess in the rotor 20 is positioned and as part of the stator 28 is to be considered.

Also this actuator 48 is connected to a, not shown here control.

The first coupling part 36 is via an elastic spring or return element 56 towards the decoupled position (position in 2 ) and is biased between the drive part 10 and the first coupling part 36 positioned.

The coupling part 36 is on a second anchor part 58 attached, which radially outward to the actuator 48 protrudes and can be attracted to and / or repelled by this. The anchor part 58 is about several fasteners 60 with the drive part 10 coupled, wherein in the circumferential direction a slight play between the drive part 10 and the anchor part 58 is available.

This game can be achieved, for example, by having an oversized opening 62 (For example slot opening) in the anchor part 58 is provided, which is a circumferential clearance to the associated connecting element 60 allowed (see 2c ).

Seen in the radial direction, circumferentially offset from the teeth 42 , in the first coupling part 36 oblique, in particular wedge-shaped Mitnehmeraufnahmen 64 (please refer 2d ), in the corresponding wedge-shaped Mitnehmerfortsätze 66 of the anchor part 58 protrude.

When engaging, first the friction lining 16 to the rotor 20 moved up so that the rotor 20 is accelerated. After speed matching, the actuator becomes 48 pressed so that the anchor part 58 pushed further to the right.

In 2 the illustration is shown very schematically, in reality allow the fasteners 60 a shifting of the anchor part 58 to the right even after contacting the rotor 20 through the friction surface 16 , For this purpose, for example, the rotor 20 only in the area of the anchor part 58 be excluded. Due to the shift is on the Mitnehmerfortsätze 66 also the first coupling part 36 taken.

Through the slot 62 is a certain compensation twist of the anchor part 58 and thus also the first coupling part 36 possible if the teeth 50 . 52 would clash. As soon as the teeth 50 . 52 More specifically, the circumferentially widest points of the teeth 50 . 52 slipped past each other, the first coupling part 36 to be moved further to the right than the then optional anchor part 58 , This last movement stage may be due to undercuts 54 possibly also be done automatically. Finally, the coupled position is according to 2 B reached.

As the spring force of the spring element 56 in the direction of disengaged position, it may be necessary, despite the undercuts 54 the actuator 48 still at least slightly energized. The magnetic coil 30 However, it is usually already off when the positive connection between the coupling parts 36 . 46 is reached.

When decoupled, the actuator becomes 48 switched off or reversed, whereby the spring and / or the actuator 48 the first coupling part 36 as well as the anchor part 58 returns to the decoupled position.

In the previously described embodiments, the actuator 48 always within the envelope of rotor 20 and stator 28 , preferably within the rotor 20 , housed.

In the embodiments according to the following figures, however, sits the actuator 48 always outside the envelope, preferably even outside the case 24 ,

3 shows an embodiment in which the actuator 48 , which is again designed as a linear drive, with a shift fork 68 is coupled. This ensures a linear displacement of a switching disk 70 , which in turn on or in the rotor 20 axially displaceably mounted locking elements 72 wearing.

The locking elements 72 are in particular locking bolt.

These locking elements 72 form together with the indexing disk 70 the first coupling part 36 , The second coupling part 46 gets through the anchor part 14 formed, which corresponding recesses 74 for receiving the locking elements 72 has.

Preferably, the recesses 74 and / or the locking elements 72 conically widened or sharpened to various relative positions in the circumferential direction between the rotor 20 and anchor part 14 to compensate and allow axial engagement.

In this embodiment, a relative rotation between the switching disk is 70 and shift fork 68 possible. This results in a small space requirement and simpler components. In addition, the actuator 48 be positioned arbitrarily.

The synchronization takes place via the magnetic coil as in the previously described embodiments 30 which the anchor part 14 attracts. The anchor part 14 has lying on a circle, very closely spaced recesses 74 , During the subsequent actuation of the actuator 48 and displacement of the locking elements 72 they walk close to their recesses 74 so that the lead-in chamfers and phases after a brief power-off of the solenoid 30 a minimum relative rotation of the rotor 20 for complete alignment of the locking elements 72 with the recesses 74 is possible. This allows the locking elements 72 completely in the recesses 74 are pushed, and a positive connection in the circumferential direction.

The magnetic coil 30 is preferably switched off at the latest by this time.

The designed as a bolt locking elements can according to 3b and c also by corresponding undercuts 73 in the optionally conical recesses 74 in the locked position ( 3c ), similar to the teeth 50 . 52 has been explained in the preceding figures.

In addition, a spring detent could provide for the maintenance of the switched state as well 3d and 3e with the spring 100 and the locking element 102 demonstrate.

When decoupled, the actuator becomes 48 activated in the opposite direction, so that the locking elements 72 from the recesses 74 to be pulled.

In the embodiment according to 4 is the first coupling part 36 a sliding sleeve, the axially displaceable on the anchor part 14 sits and is connected to him torque.

For example, the front side (which is not absolutely necessary) on the first coupling part 36 the gearing 42 provided, which with a toothing 44 on the second coupling part 46 can be engaged. Again, the second coupling part sits 46 rotatably on the rotor 20 ,

The first coupling part 36 can be moved by movable, displaceably mounted intermediate elements 76 (balls here) axially with the anchor part 14 be coupled. The intermediate elements 76 of which several are arranged distributed on the circumference, sitting in associated recesses in the first locking part 36 , Radially inward of these recesses has the anchor part 14 a circumferential groove 78 with an inclined surface 80 ,

A so-called releaser 82 , which with the shift fork 68 loose in the circumferential direction, but operatively connected in the axial direction, ensures that upon actuation of the actuator 48 after synchronizing the speed via the armature part 14 and the energized solenoid 30 the intermediate elements 76 radially deeper into the recesses and inward into the groove 78 be pressed. About the intermediate elements 76 becomes the first coupling part 36 to the right in the direction of the second coupling part 46 emotional. Only when the gears 42 . 44 interlock (see 4b ), are the intermediate elements 76 so far radially inward in the groove 78 that the releaser 82 continue to the right over the intermediate elements 76 can be moved away.

The intermediate elements 76 then no longer lie in an inside circumferential groove of the releaser 82 so that this the intermediate elements 76 so to speak, and drives them in the recesses of the first coupling part 36 and the circumferential groove 78 holds. By this measure, a so-called locking device is provided, which the first and the second coupling part 36 . 46 holding in the coupled position.

The actuator 48 now no longer has to apply a permanent axial force and may even be switched off.

For decoupling, the actuator moves 48 over the shift fork 68 the releaser 62 back to the initial position, whereby the centrifugal force to the outside loaded intermediate elements 76 also because of the slope 80 push outward. Once the intermediate elements 76 again in the inside circumferential groove in the releaser 82 come to rest, becomes the first coupling part 36 taken to the left.

The provision may also be due to the tooth shape (see 4b ) are favored. Their wedge shape causes in the switched state by the torque an axial force on the coupling part 36 and thus on the intermediate elements 76 , When pushing back the release button 82 this gives the Rastierung of Zwischenenlemente 76 free, and the gearing pushes the coupling part 36 back, the intermediate elements move along and move outwards.

Also in this embodiment, to avoid an end-side contact of the tooth tips, the magnetic coil 30 be de-energized briefly before or during the actuator 48 is pressed.

In the embodiment according to 5 is the releaser 82 as well as the first coupling part 36 in the rotor 20 mounted axially displaceable. The circumferential groove 78 is also formed here in the rotor. The gearing 42 is, for example, a front toothing on the first coupling part 36 , the corresponding counter-toothing 44 is at the anchor part 14 appropriate.

The gearing 42 consists of several groups arranged in groups 50 wherein the groups are distributed circumferentially and spaced from each other. In the circumferential direction, the groups of teeth protrude 42 of tongue-like processes 84 gone, in recesses 86 in the rotor 20 are guided. This also results in a rotational drive (see 5a and b).

The embodiment according to 6 is essentially a combination of features of the embodiments 1 and 4 , At the anchor part 14 is axially displaceable and torque-coupled, the first coupling part 36 attached, which has an external toothing 42 with a toothing 44 on the rotor-side second coupling part 46 can be brought into engagement.

The teeth correspond to those of 1 ,

The externally arranged actuator 48 moved over the shift fork 68 the first coupling part 36 to the right to the gears 42 . 44 to engage with each other.

Also in this embodiment, as with the others, the coil 30 de-energized as soon as the positive connection is brought about. An axial force coming from the actuator 48 is no longer necessary because the corresponding geometries of the gears 42 . 44 cause a force in the direction of the coupled position.

For decoupling the actuator 48 moved in the opposite direction, so that the gears 42 . 44 be disengaged under load.

Of course, in all embodiments, spring elements may be provided to assist the engagement or disengagement.

In all embodiments, various actuation methods can be used. On the one hand, as already explained several times, for example, the magnetic coil 30 switched off when reaching the positive connection, wherein the positive connection via sensors 90 (see, for example 6 ) could be detected.

Alternatively, the magnetic coil 30 be switched off after a predetermined period of time after the start of energization, a period of time, which for the acceleration of the rotor 50 certainly sufficient.

In addition or alternatively, the actuator 48 at the same time as the beginning of the energization of the magnetic coil 30 or even with a time delay to this actuated and / or disabled.

Of course, the speed calibration can also be determined via sensors.

When the drive is at rest in the decoupled position, for example, by brief actuation of the actuator 48 , completed. This will separate the power flow again.

Claims (30)

Switchable magnetic coupling, in particular air conditioning compressor magnetic coupling, with a stator ( 28 ), a drive part ( 10 ) for introducing an input torque, one with the drive part ( 10 ) optionally coupled, the output-forming rotor ( 20 ), at least one on the stator ( 28 ) or rotor ( 20 ), switchable magnetic coil ( 30 ) and at least one via the magnetic coil ( 30 ) movable anchor part ( 14 ), which via a frictional connection the torque path from the drive part ( 10 ) to the rotor ( 20 ), characterized by a via an actuator ( 48 ), in particular an electromagnetic actuator, switchable, movable, first coupling part ( 36 ), which with a second coupling part ( 46 ) is engageable to selectively a positive connection in the circumferential direction between the drive part ( 10 ) and rotor ( 20 ) to accomplish. Magnetic coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that the anchor part ( 14 ) together with magnetic coil ( 30 ) a synchronization unit for adjusting the rotational speeds of the drive part ( 10 ) and rotor ( 20 ). Magnetic coupling according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a controller ( 34 ), which upon creation of the positive connection, the magnetic coil ( 30 ) de-energized. Magnetic coupling according to claim 3, characterized in that the controller ( 34 ) is designed so that it the magnetic coil ( 30 ) for a predetermined period of time and / or until a predetermined travel distance of the first coupling part ( 36 ) and preferably then switches off. Magnetic coupling according to claim 4, characterized in that the controller ( 34 ) is designed so that after a predetermined period of time after the start of energization of the magnetic coil ( 30 ) or at the same time herewith and / or after reaching a predetermined path of travel of the first coupling part ( 36 ) the actuator ( 48 ). Magnetic coupling according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the control ( 34 ) is designed so that after a predetermined period of time after the start of energization of the magnetic coil ( 30 ) at the same time the magnetic coil ( 30 ) and the actuator ( 48 ) de-energized. Magnetic coupling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a sensor ( 90 ), the switching position of the actuator ( 48 ) interrogates. Magnetic coupling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one rotational speed sensor for detecting the rotational speed compensation between anchor part ( 14 ) and rotor ( 20 ). Magnetic coupling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a controller ( 34 ) of the actuator ( 48 ) is provided, the separation of the positive connection by actuation of the actuator ( 48 ). Magnetic coupling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the selectively engageable in positive engagement coupling parts ( 36 . 46 ) Intermeshing gears are provided. Magnetic coupling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the selectively engageable in positive engagement coupling parts ( 36 . 46 ) are adapted to lock in the coupled position, in particular by mutually exerting in the coupled position a force which tends to maintain the coupled position. Magnetic coupling according to claim 11, characterized in that the coupling parts ( 36 . 46 ) via oblique surfaces, in particular by, seen in the direction of the coupled position, undercuts, a locking of the coupling parts ( 36 . 46 ) in the coupled position. Magnetic coupling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the actuator ( 48 ) is a particularly electrically actuated linear drive, which is inside or outside the common envelope of rotor ( 20 ) and stator ( 28 ) is arranged. Magnetic coupling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the actuator ( 48 ) is another solenoid, preferably within the stator ( 28 ) is arranged. Magnetic coupling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anchor part ( 14 ) linearly movable on the drive part ( 10 ) is mounted, in particular with the interposition of a prestressed spring element ( 18 ). Magnetic coupling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anchor part ( 14 ) a friction lining ( 16 ) and thus the rotor ( 20 ) contacted. Magnetic coupling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movable coupling part ( 36 ) on the drive part ( 10 ) or on the anchor part ( 14 ) is stored. Magnetic coupling according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the movable coupling part ( 36 ) on the rotor ( 20 ) is movably mounted. Magnetic coupling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movable coupling part ( 36 ) is a disc or a ring with circumferential or spur toothing. Magnetic coupling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movable coupling part ( 36 ) is mounted in the circumferential direction with so much play that it is not aligned with coupling parts ( 36 . 46 ) a turning of the movable coupling part ( 36 ) for axially aligning the coupling parts ( 36 . 46 ) and a subsequent telescoping of the coupling parts ( 36 . 46 ) allowed. Magnetic coupling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movable coupling part ( 36 ) is an axially displaceable sliding sleeve, in particular via the actuator ( 48 ) is moved, which is designed as a magnetic linear drive. Magnetic coupling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movable coupling part ( 36 ) by a resilient return element ( 56 ) is loaded in the decoupled position. Magnetic coupling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movable coupling part ( 36 ) preferably a plurality of rod-shaped, in particular displaceably mounted in the axial direction locking elements ( 72 ) in the coupled position in the second coupling part ( 46 ) interlock positively. Magnetic coupling according to claim 23, characterized in that the locking elements ( 72 ) a plurality of common, in particular a sliding shift fork ( 68 ) are movable shift bolts. Magnetic coupling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movable coupling part ( 36 ) one, in particular on the anchor part ( 14 ) or the rotor ( 20 ) axially displaceably mounted shift sleeve, which is lockable via a locking device form-fitting manner in the coupled position. Magnetic coupling according to claim 25, characterized in that the latching device movable intermediate elements ( 76 ), which has the sliding sleeve with the anchor part ( 14 ) or the rotor ( 20 ) and that of a releaser ( 82 ) moved into the coupled position and by the release ( 82 ) is held in the coupled position. Magnetic coupling according to claim 26, characterized in that the release ( 82 ) the intermediate elements ( 76 ) into corresponding recesses ( 78 ) and the recesses ( 78 ) closes. Method for actuating a switchable magnetic coupling according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnetic coil ( 30 ) is switched de-energized when the positive connection is obtained. A method according to claim 28, characterized in that the magnetic coil ( 30 ) after a is switched off after a predetermined period of time after the start of the energization. Method according to claim 28 or 29, characterized in that the actuator ( 48 ) at the same time as the beginning of the energization of the magnetic coil ( 30 ) or time-shifted to this is operated.

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