DE102010005040A1 - Device i.e. inclination detection sensor, for detecting inclinations and conversion of measured value of electronic, steplessly addtionally-processable signals, has pendulum including dipping strut and guided in infra-red light barrier - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has a pendulum (3) including a dipping strut (4), stored in a support area (2) and guided in an infra-red light barrier (5). A hardened support ruler (9) is formed as knife-like structure that is fine polished at a support area. Entire width of a housing (14) lies on the support ruler. The support area is made of a soft material e.g. duralumin. The pendulum includes a swept brass weight (7) hangingly mounted on a foot. The brass weight is laterally guided by a slip stop (10).

Description

The term "electric bicycles" includes all possible variants of the legal and manufacturer-specific distinctions and variants.

It is known that electric bicycles have various switches, throttle handles and therefore necessary displays. Thus, some erroneous operations can happen, which must then be corrected during cycling and thus can be dangerous.
This can lead to accidents by averting concentrated driving.
The claims for protection is based on the invention to avoid these regrettable events. The advantage of this invention results from the fact that on a fully automatic "electric bike" neither switches, displays or other control panels are to be found and thus the attention of the cyclist can remain fully in the driving.
So, just get the electric bike out of the bicycle cellar and drive off - everything else goes by itself, even switching off.

The solution to the problem lies in the invention of this special fully automatic.

• 1 einem hallsensorgesteuertem Schwellwerteinschalter 1/2
• 2 einem Steigungserkennungssensor
• 3 einem Gegenwinderkennungssensor
• 4 einem Sturzerkennungssensor
• 8 einer Tretrichtungserkennung und einer davon abgeleiteten,
• 5 automatischen Akkupack-Abschaltung

The fully automatic technology consists of the following sub-inventions:

• 1 a Hall sensor controlled threshold value switch 1 / 2
• 2 a pitch detection sensor
• 3 a headwind detection sensor
• 4 a fall detection sensor
• 8 a directional sense detection and derived therefrom,
• 5 automatic battery pack shutdown

to 1)

The task

The automatic switching on must prevent the bicycle engine 9 already turns on during short-time driving movements and must recognize when cycling is desired as a consciousness act.

The solution

A threshold switch 1 the every wheel movement 20 recognizes and, if desired, a clearly readable switch-on pulse 19 generated for a power relay.

embodiment

The threshold switch 1 turns off the engine 9 first to the battery pack 10 , if 6 km / h have been driven for at least 3 sec. (push safely, as the pedestrian speed is approx. 3-4 km / h).

The threshold switch 1 gets its information from the tacho pulses 21 , which depends on the speed of the pulley of the engine 9 be derived. As long as the wheel is pushed gets the threshold value 1 an auxiliary operating voltage 12 (Start-up) with which the stage can work. On the pulley 9 six magnets sit 12 that have a Hall sensor 13 Impulse 21 submit. Then they are made the same width and cumulated in a suitable circuit.

That is, one pulse increases the next, and if a pulse fails, the voltage also drops.

The rise and fall of the voltage corresponds to the faster or slower walking, walking tension 14 , When driving off then increases the walking tension 14 constantly up to the threshold switch-on point 16 and thus becomes the driving voltage 15 , then it is available as later required tachometer voltage 11 to disposal.

The switch-on point 16 generated in the threshold circuit 1 one for the power-on relay 18 clearly readable ON-pulse 19 ,

The drive electronics 17 is now on the battery pack 10 connected - only from now on automatic driving is possible.

With this detail of the invention, it is ensured that the motor can start to rotate without operator intervention and automatically without incorrect activation, by accidentally actuating the pedal arm.

Note: The Hall sensor-generated tachometer voltage can also be generated dynamically.

to 2)

In order to avoid having to constantly work on the support current switch for the motor when cycling in hilly terrain, a gradient detection sensor provides a remedy.

Since industrially produced tilt sensors cover large angular ranges, but here only max. 8 ° rash are needed, the small data would be unsuitable for this project, or the Aufbereitungsaufwand too high for this simple purpose.

Also, the pricing for special quantities then outside normal ranges.

The task

The design of a narrow-band, in its design very robust inclination detection sensor with precise measurement value output in a wide voltage range with a long service life and low-cost production.

The solution

A pendulum-controlled infrared light barrier with dimming blade and deceleration weight in damping oil 5 ,

This inclination sensor indicates between level and 7 ° uphill, exactly the Abblendkontur 22 of the dimming sword 23 following, voltage delta of about 8 V from 2 ,

With this high voltage difference, it is possible to realize many sensitive control circuits.

Embodiment FIG. 5

The sensor consists of a hermetically sealed acrylic housing 24 with one, in the low-friction prism storage technology 25 , suspended pendulum 26 and two externally accessible infrared transmitting and receiving diodes 27 , The pendulum 26 wears a dimming sword 23 the one infrared light barrier, according to the dimming contour 22 , steplessly fades 6 and thus at the output of the circuit 28 . 7 generates the necessary voltage gradient as a measured value. The biggest requirement is the production of the dimming contour 22 on the dimming sword 23 in connection with the mounting adjustment to the infrared Led's 27 to deliver. The accuracy of this interaction then gives the desired voltage curve 29 . 7 , So that the pendulum 26 in practice does not give any vibration data, it runs in damping oil 30 , In experiments it has been found useful at the bottom of the pendulum 26 hanging weight 31 to form an arrow-shaped so that a one-way damping arises. One-way damping means that the pendulum 26 due to the different oil displacement faster back than before commutes and thus brings a short-term starting assistance (eg at traffic lights start).

For one-time adjustment to mechan. "0" is the support wall 32 with an adjustment cutout 33 equipped, which misalignments of the sensor housing 24 at the mechan. Balance initial assembly.

• – das Pendel 26 oben nicht aus dem Prismenwinkel 25 springen kann, weil es zwischen Pendelträger 25 und Deckel 34 nur 0,2 mm Luftspalt 39 hat.
• – das Pendel 26 durch ein breites Auflagelineal 35 nicht aus der senkrechten Arbeitslage gebracht werden kann.
• – das Pendelgewicht 31 durch die seitlichen Schlupfanschläge 36 geführt, durch den Ölgleitfilm 37 zwischen Pendelgewicht 31 und Schlupfanschlägen 36 nicht anklebt, und so immer den aktuellen Steigungswert bei rauem wie bei ruhigem Fahrbetrieb weiterleitet.
• – das Auflagelineal 35 und der Prismenwinkel 25 aus verschieden hartem Material sind und somit äußerst geringer Verschleiß entsteht; die Garantie für lange Lebensdauer.

In addition, the gradient sensor is very robust, so that ...

• - the pendulum 26 not at the top of the prism angle 25 can jump because it is between pendulum carrier 25 and lid 34 only 0.2 mm air gap 39 Has.
• - the pendulum 26 through a wide support ruler 35 can not be brought out of the vertical working position.
• - the pendulum weight 31 through the lateral slip stops 36 guided, by the oil sliding film 37 between pendulum weight 31 and slips 36 does not stick, and so always forward the current slope value in rough as in quiet driving.
• - the pad ruler 35 and the prism angle 25 made of different hard material and thus extremely low wear occurs; the guarantee of long life.

The pendulum stop 38 prevents the pendulum from going downhill 26 in the dimming range of the infrared transmission LED 27 comes.

The pendulum stop 38 is to stick to the case 24 to prevent oil wetting the same, designed as a hardened needle tip. (Shown in magnification 5 .) With this invention, the task is taken into account in a simple way to produce a robust inclination sensor for low angular degree measurements and a measured value with high voltage difference here of about 8 volts.

The feinnervig generated output voltage 29 . 7 , which is already available from 0-0.5 ° = 1.1% road gradient, allows the construction of the simplest, downstream control stages which are suitable to steplessly readjust a bicycle motor via a controller.

On top of that are the individual design of the dimming curve 22 Control characteristics for countless other applications possible.

With this detail of the invention it is ensured that operated and automatically controlled also different steep mountains can be driven at a constant tread strength.

to 3)

Every cyclist knows how unpleasant it is to have headwind. It feels like you're going up an incline ... and that's the starting point. So you should have a sensor that measures the relative air speed and readjusted by a control of the bicycle engine.

The air pressure sensors found in catalogs are either "too wide" in the application, of too high complexity or not in the processing of the output values.

The task

The construction of a simple, robust wind counter knife with electronic, easy-to-use output signal.

In addition, the sensor must be able to distinguish between wind and headwind.

The solution

A slightly rotating anemometer whose start of shooting is about 20 km / h.

Ie. Air pressure above 20 km / h is detected as a headwind and used for control. The output voltage is rated only from 25 km / h.

That's the law. prescribed max. Driving speed for pedelecs.

Embodiment FIG. 8

The sensor consists of an acrylic tube 40 with internal propeller 41 which turns only from a driving speed of about 20 km / h. This is achieved by matching in size Passier holes 42 for the air intake and exhaust. The output voltage of the circuit comes at 40 km / h in the saturation and has no further effect.

As a control voltage extraction is the proven Hall sensor technology 43 for pulse generation 44 used - because of the low wind forces 45 in the case.

High-quality, lubricant-free smooth-running precision ball bearings 46 guarantee the long-term function.

The wing tips of the propeller 41 each carry a small disc magnet 47 well balanced when passing a Hall sensor 48 four pulses per revolution 44 submit.

These generate, in an IC circuit 50 prepared accordingly, one of the rotational speed proportional voltage 49 , which the pitch sensor technology is so to speak pushed as cuckoo voltage and thus increases the engine power.

The mass of the propellers has a certain kinetics which prevents the wind counter blade from following any small change in air pressure, eg. B. when a truck comes to meet.

With this detail of the invention it is ensured that operated and automatically controlled even at different, changing headwind strengths with constant pedal strength wheel can be driven.

to 4)

The very high short-circuit currents of modern lithium-ion batteries put the absolute safety of electric bicycles in the focus. A short circuit caused by a fall can cause wires to glow and batteries to explode, not to mention that a crashed e-bike in the "disturbed operation" continues to turn on the possibly underlying accident victim without end.

It is particularly important that the shutdown is already in the emergence of a fall and you as a "falling" with the shutdown has nothing to do because it is fully automatic.

The task

Construction of a mechanically safe, predictive and reliable turn-off detection sensor.

The solution

A fall sensor that switches off the battery pack safely from the drive electronics reliably from an inclination of approx. 30 °.

He must also be insensitive to any kind of rider vibration.

Embodiment FIG. 10

In order to give the lintel sensor the described behavioral characteristics, some special design features have to be introduced.

The hermetically sealed housing 63 consists of electrically non-conductive, distortion-free acrylic glass with glued-in ball ramps 52 of the same material.

As a contactor 55 are contact plates made of nickel silver in standing 59 and lying down 58 Embedded arrangement.

The optimal fall detection angle 57 depends causally with the roll angle of the switching ball 51 together. Consequently, the ball ramps 52 have special shapes. So have the ramps 52 a braking edge 53 for minimal inclinations, so that the ball does not roll with small vibrations. After that comes a reject 54 for medium inclinations, the ball 51 at z. B. 25 ° can not continue to roll. Only when the ball 51 This hurdle creates (at about 30 °), they can contact 55 that of the electronics 56 via the contact leads 64 says that a fall is about to start or that a deliberate turn-off should be made. (for example, to clean up the wheel, to get on the train, to take a quick turn-off, to go up the stairs)

In order to guarantee a highly sensitive switching capacity even the smallest needle pulses must be 60 be used for triggering. spikes 60 caused by bounce on the contact plates 58 . 59 on light contact 55 with the ball 51 , Therefore, it is recommended a simple pulse shaper 65 to turn after that from this signal bundle 60 makes a clear shutdown signal for the motor and drive electronics. This is how the smallest needle pulses become 60 within a few milliseconds a switch-off pulse clearly recognizable for a power relay 66 generated by any duration. With this impulse 66 then a safe "off state" is established.

Further it is very useful if the ball 51 in an electrically non-conductive damping medium 61 (eg gel or oil) is running. You take that through the drag wedge 62 the exaggerated nimbleness and thus prevents the ball triggers false contacts even in small vibrations. In addition, the contact plates can not lose contact ability - no oxidation.

This detail of the invention ensures that the entire drive electronics are disconnected from the battery pack long before the completion of a fall, without any operator assistance and automatically.

to 8)

Is not treated, since prior art by law. Regulations.

to 5)

In order to meet the desired fully automatic, the e-bike, when "not in use", also switch off automatically. Battery optimized!

The task

Development of an electronic circuit that, after a certain period of non-use, the battery pack 10 Reliable from the drive electronics 17 off.

The solution

A "down-counting" circuit whose start mark is operated from a momentum movement which in turn is based on the last made pedaling.

And that is the law in this case. prescribed puncture and pedal-stop detection,

Embodiment FIG. 11

The law. mandatory puncture and pedaling detection level, pedal arm sensor 6 delivers it as the start brand 67 usable last treadle pulse 68 , Standstill of the pedal 69 , This last 30 ms output pulse 68 from the pedal arm sensor 6 now starts the runtime of 4.2 minutes - the odd time results from the tolerance of the components.

At the end of the TimeOut runtime of 4.2 min. becomes a short pulse 70 output of 455 ms. This throws the power relay after suitable further processing ( 25A ) 18 in the drive electronics stage 17 from.

Thus, the battery pack 10 safely separated from the drive electronics.

With this detail of the invention it is ensured that the electric bicycle is disconnected from the battery pack without any operation and fully automatically with the entire drive electronics.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Schwellwert-Einschalter

2

Steigungserkennungssensor

3

Gegenwinderkennungssensor

4

Sturzerkennungssensor

5

Autom. Ausschalter ”TimeOut”

6

Tretarmsensorik

7

Auswerteelektronik ”Spannungsaddierer”

8

Controller f. Motor

9

Motor

10

Akkupack 36 V

11

Tachospannung

12

Magneten f. Hallsensoren

13

Halleffektsensor

17

Antriebselektronik

18

Leistungs-Einschaltrelais

19

ON-Impuls

Fig. 2 Schwellwert-Technik

1

Schwellwert-Einschalter

9

Motor

11

Tachospannung

12

Magneten f. Hallsensoren

13

Halleffektsensor

20

Radbewegung

Fig. 3/Fig. 4 Simulation & Prinzip der Schwellwerteinschaltung

Am Beispiel: Fahrrad aus dem Schupfen holen und bis zum Stopschild fahren!

14

Gehspannung

15

Fahrspannung

16

Einschaltpunkt der Schwellwert-Spannung

21

Tachoimpulse

Fig. 5 Steigungserkennungssensor

22

Abblendkurve

23

Abblendschwert

24

Acrylgehäuse

25

Prisma/Pendelträger/Prismenwinkel

26

Pendel

27

Infrarot-Sende- und Empfangsdioden

30

Dämpfungsöl

31

Pendelgewicht

32

Trägerwand

33

Justierausschnitt

34

Deckel

35

Auflagelineal

36

Schlupfanschläge

37

Ölgleitfilm

38

Pendelanschlag

39

Luftspalt

Fig. 6 Steigungserkennungssensor (Keine Eintragungen)Fig. 7 Steigungserkennungssensor

28

Ausgang der Schaltung

29

Spannungskurve

Fig. 8 Gegenwinderkennungssensor

40

Acrylrohr

41

Propeller

42

Passier-Bohrungen

43

Hallsensorik

44

Impulserzeugung

45

Windbewegungskräfte

46

Kugellager

47

Magnete

48

Halleffektsensor

Fig. 9 Gegenwinderkennungssensor

49

Ausgangsspannung

50

IC-Schaltung

Fig. 10 Sturzerkennungssensor

51

Kugel

52

Kugellauframpen

53

Bremskante für minimale Neigungen

54

Abweiskannte für mittlere Neigungen

55

Kontakt/Kontaktgeber

56

Elektronik

57

Sturzerkennungswinkel

58

Kontaktplättchen liegend

59

Kontaktplättchen stehend

60

Prellzustände/Nadelimpulse/Signalbündel

61

Dämpfungsmedium

62

Schleppkeil

63

Gehäuse

64

Kontaktausleitungen

65

Impulsformer

66

Abschaltimpuls

Fig. 11 TimeOut-Abschaltung

67

Startmarke

68

letzter Tretimpuls

69

Tretkurbel

70

Kurzimpuls 455 ms

Fig. 1 block diagram

1

Threshold power switch

2

Slope detection sensor

3

Headwind detection sensor

4

Fall detection sensor

5

Auto off switch "TimeOut"

6

Tretarmsensorik

7

Evaluation electronics "voltage adder"

8th

Controller f. engine

9

engine

10

Battery pack 36 V

11

tacho voltage

12

Magnets f. Hall sensors

13

Hall effect sensor

17

drive electronics

18

Power switch-on

19

ON pulse

Fig. 2 threshold technique

1

Threshold power switch

9

engine

11

tacho voltage

12

Magnets f. Hall sensors

13

Hall effect sensor

20

wheel movement

Fig. 3 / Fig. 4 Simulation & principle of threshold activation

Example: Get the bike out of the way and drive to the stop sign!

14

Gehspannung

15

driving voltage

16

Switch-on point of the threshold voltage

21

Speed pulse

Fig. 5 gradient detection sensor

22

Abblendkurve

23

Abblendschwert

24

acrylic case

25

Prism / pendulum carrier / prism angle

26

pendulum

27

Infrared transmitting and receiving diodes

30

damping oil

31

bob

32

support wall

33

Justierausschnitt

34

cover

35

edition ruler

36

slip attacks

37

Ölgleitfilm

38

pendulum stop

39

air gap

Fig. 6 Gradient Detection Sensor (No Entries) Fig. 7 gradient detection sensor

28

Output of the circuit

29

voltage curve

Fig. 8 headwind detection sensor

40

acrylic pipe

41

propeller

42

Pulping bores

43

Hall sensor

44

pulse generation

45

Wind moving forces

46

ball-bearing

47

magnets

48

Hall effect sensor

Fig. 9 headwind detection sensor

49

output voltage

50

IC circuit

10 lintel detection sensor

51

Bullet

52

Ball ramps

53

Brake edge for minimum inclinations

54

Rejection known for medium inclinations

55

Contact / contactor

56

electronics

57

Fall detection angle

58

Contact plate lying

59

Contact tiles standing

60

Prell states / spikes / burst

61

damping medium

62

drag wedge

63

casing

64

Kontaktausleitungen

65

pulse shaper

66

turn-off

Fig. 11 Timeout shutdown

67

start brand

68

last tread pulse

69

crank

70

Short pulse 455 ms

Claims (6)

Device for producing a fully automatically controlled electric bicycle motor, characterized in that it has the following features a) a threshold value sensor controlled by Hall effect sensor b) a gradient detection sensor c) a fall detection sensor d) a headwind detection sensor e) a directional sense detection and an automatic battery pack cutoff derived therefrom Device according to claim 1, characterized that the f) in the characteristic a, listed threshold value switch between walking and driving voltage differs and the latter used as a switch-on of the battery pack. g) in the characteristic a, listed threshold value switch relates its switching information from a wheel movement proportionally derived tachogenerator voltage. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the h) in the feature b, listed slope detection sensor generates its control voltage via an infrared light barrier, which arises in the context of a pendulum, which has a contoured Abblendschwert corresponding to the grade. i) in the feature b, listed slope detection sensor has a low-friction, prism-mounted pendulum. j) in feature b, the slope detection sensor has a pendulum with a swept in damping medium (here: special oil), swept swept weight. Device according to claim 1, characterized that the k) in feature c, listed fall detection sensor generates its control pulses by contacting between a switching ball and a plurality of contact pads. l) in feature c, listed fall detection sensor ball running ramps, which have specially dimensioned braking and Abweiskanten to generate the turn-off at 30 ° tilt angle. m) in feature c, listed fall detection sensor has a switching ball, which runs in a special oil which has the task of damping and corrosion prevention of ball and contact pads. Device according to claim 1, characterized that the n) in feature d, listed headwind detection sensor generates its control voltage via a pulse train generated by a Hall effect sensor. o) in feature d, listed headwind detection sensor generates the pulse train of a wind speed proportionally derived propeller speed. p) in the feature d, listed headwind detection sensor has a so manufactured propeller design that the propeller begins to turn only from an airspeed of 20 km / h. q) in feature d, listed headwind detection sensor has a smooth running construction with their mass, kinetics, ensures that the current propeller does not adapt to any short-term increase in air pressure. Device according to claim 1, characterized that the r) in the feature e, listed automatic battery pack disconnection receives its essential information for generating the timeout time from the pedal arm.

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