DE102009055732A1 - Base layer structure for sport facility for e.g. football, has large-pored drainage layer and fine-porous lawn carrier layer attached to top side, where carrier layer has adjustment unit, and pore size of layers increases towards ground - Google Patents

Abstract

The structure has a large-pored drainage layer and a fine-porous lawn carrier layer (10) with an organic, nutrient-rich fraction, attached to a top side. The carrier layer comprises an adjustment unit with two components with a total share of 15 percent to 35 percent by volume of the structure, where one of the components is a mineral component contained in 60 percent of the adjusting unit and another component is an organic component contained in 40 percent of the adjusting unit. Pore size of the layers increases towards the ground. The mineral component is made of mudstone, clay or lava. An independent claim is also included for a care blend for improving quality of lawn surfaces.

Description

• – einen Baugrund mit Drainagegräben oder einen zur Wasserabführung geeigneten Baugrund
• – oberseitig dazu anschließend eine grobporige Drainageschicht
• – oberseitig dazu eine feinporige Rasentragschicht mit organischem, nährstoffreichem Anteil.

The present invention relates to an improved floor top layer structure for sports facilities

• - a building ground with drainage ditches or a ground suitable for drainage
• - On top, then a coarse-pored drainage layer
• - On top of a fine-pored grass carrying layer with organic, nutrient-rich content.

In order to create a floor top layer structure for sports facilities, it is known to use a two-layer construction with a drainage layer on the underside and a top turf layer on the top. Here, two building layers are applied above the subsoil in which drainage ditches are created to remove the excess water, namely first the drainage layer and then the turf carrying layer.

The drainage layer consists of a "gritty sand" which should have a defined grain distribution area. The water swallowing value of this drainage layer should be at least 5 mm in the min., D. H. at 300 mm per hour. The thickness of the drainage layer is given as 12 cm and should not exceed the nominal thickness by more than 2 cm.

The turf carrying layer is the permeable, loadable and intensely rootable layer lying on the drainage layer. It stores a portion of the infiltrating surface water and releases the excess water to the drainage layer, to the ground and to the drains or other drainage equipment therein. However, the turf-bearing layer is not only made of pure sand, which is referred to as a scaffolding material, but a second mixture component, which is referred to as an additive or soil additive. In practice, organic materials, such as weakly decomposed Hochmoortorf (H3-H5), compost, compost soil, bark mulch and sometimes finely divided and humus rich topsoil are mixed. These additives are used to increase water storage capacity, fertilizer holding power and microorganism activity. A high microorganism activity is to a considerable extent the basis of a resistant and healthy plant population. The water-absorption value of the turf-carrying layer should be at least 0.6 mm in the min., D. H. 36.0 mm per hour. The thickness of the turf carrying layer should be at least 25 cm.

The DIN 18035 sheet 4 for the construction of sports fields and lawns also describes a two-layer structure with a drainage system introduced in the ground, which dissipates the excess water. On the ground a 15 cm thick drain layer consisting of 0-32 mm gravel is built up. In turn, an approximately 20 cm thick turf-carrying layer is applied to this drainage layer. It consists of 75 vol.% Sand 0-2 mm grit, 15 vol.% Topsoil and 10 vol.% White spot, bark humus or peat bog.

In this guideline, the material specifications are given very inaccurate and it is advised to interfere with topsoil, which is disadvantageous.

By way of derogation, the United States Golf Association (USGA) American Building Guidelines recommend a three-shift construction process (see www.usga.org "Then under" course care ", then under" course construction ").

On the ground, in which again drains are introduced for the discharge of the excess water, there is a drain layer. On the drain layer, an intermediate layer is also called the filter layer is applied, on which then only the turf-carrying layer is placed. The turf-bearing layer is also mixed with organic material in this case, for which purpose it is referred to peat, rice husks, sawdust, compost, castor shot and other similar organic waste.

• • In allen Rasentragschicht-Mischungen wird je nach Vorgabe und Spezifischem Gewicht von 15% bis 25% Volumenprozent organisches Material eingemischt.
• • Weil dieses organische Material je nach Beschaffenheit früher oder später remineralisiert, erhöht sich je nach „Rottegrad” der Feinteilgehalt in dem ganzen Aufbau. Zunächst in der Rasentragschicht und später durch die Wasserbewegung auch bis in die Drainschicht. Nach dem langjährigen Mittel fallen in den meisten Regionen Westdeutschlands etwa 600 mm bis 1000 mm Niederschlag je m², dazu kommt die künstliche Beregnung mit ca. je nach Jahreswitterung 200–400 mm je m².
• • Daraus ergibt sich im durchschnittlichen Mittel eine Lebensdauer der Grüns auf Golfplätzen „Standzeit oder Bewirtschaftbarkeit” von ca. 15 Jahren in der je m² Grünsfläche durchschnittlich 15.000 Liter Wasser versickern.
• • Die materialspezifischen Vorgabenbereiche der geltenden Richtlinien, insbesondere für den verwendeten Gerüstbaustoff (Sand) sind sowohl bei der Rasentragschicht als auch bei der Drainschicht sind zu weit „abgesteckt” ausgelegt. Beispiel: Legt man eine Rasentragschicht (RTS), die maximal so viele Feinteile aufweisen darf, wie es der Kornverteilungsbereich für RTS-Schichten zulässt, auf eine Drainschicht die sich von ihrem Vorgabenbereich wiederum im maximal groben Bereich befindet, entstehen Porenbrüche. Es entsteht hierdurch Staunässe und dadurch wiederum anearobe Bodenverhältnisse. Das Bodenleben stirbt und phytotoxische Bedingungen lassen die Wurzeltiefe zurückgehen oder gar die ganze Pflanze absterben (zusätzlich zu den Feinteilen die durch die Remineralisation von organischem Material anfallen). Die Porenkontinuität zwischen Fein-, Mittel- und Grobporen ist nicht mehr gewährleistet.
• • Bei der DIN 18035 Blatt 4 wird sogar noch zusätzlich zum organischen Material dazu geraten Oberboden einzumischen. Der Begriff „Boden” ist dabei jedoch nicht klar definiert. Es fehlen Angaben, um welche Art von Boden, beispielsweise mit welcher Körnungslinie und in welchem Kornverteilungsbereich es sich handelt. Dieser Sachverhalt verkürzt die Lebensdauer einer Grünfläche zusätzlich.
• • Bei der USGA Baurichtlinie wird die Körnungslinie zwar genauer angegeben und auf die Bodenphysik abgestimmt, aber die materialspezifischen Vorgaben sind nur durch sehr teure Spezialwaschungen zu erfüllen. Dabei wird auch hier wieder organisches Material verwandt, was die Lebensdauer herabsetzt. Ein zusätzliches Problem und zusätzliche Kosten ergeben sich beim Bau durch die dritte Schicht dieses Aufbaus.
• • Grundsätzlich lässt sich sagen, dass alle hier genannten Baurichtlinien jeweils nur den Zustand vor dem Bau, während des Baus und bis kurz nach Fertigstellung des Baus beschreiben, aber keine Angaben machen zu den Zuständen (Wasserschluckwert, Wasserspeicherkapazität, Feinteilgehalt, Körnungslinie u. s. w) die sich nach einiger Zeit oder einigen Jahren im Betrieb zeigen.

Criticism of the aforementioned prior art

• • In all turf layer mixtures, from 15% to 25% by volume of organic material is mixed in according to specification and specific gravity.
• • Because this organic material remineralises sooner or later, depending on its composition, the fines content in the entire structure increases, depending on the degree of "rotting". First in the turf layer and later by the movement of water into the drainage layer. After the long-term average fall in most regions of West Germany about 600 mm to 1000 mm of precipitation per m ² , in addition there is the artificial irrigation with approximately 200-400 mm per m ² depending on the annual weather.
• • This results in an average lifespan of greens on golf courses "standing time or manageability" of about 15 years in the per m ^{2 of} green space per 15,000 liters of water seepage.
• • The material-specific guidelines of the applicable guidelines, in particular for the scaffolding material used (sand), are too "staked out" in both the turf layer and the drainage layer. Example: If you place a turf-bearing layer (RTS), which may contain as many fines as the grain distribution area allows for RTS-layers, on a drain layer that is in the maximum coarse area of its specified area, pore breaks occur. This results in waterlogging and thus aneabe soil conditions. Soil life dies and phytotoxic conditions cause the depth of the roots to decrease or even die off the whole plant (in addition to the fines produced by the remineralisation of organic matter). The pore continuity between fine, medium and large pores is no longer guaranteed.
• • In the DIN 18035 sheet 4 will even in addition to the organic material to interfere with topsoil. However, the term "soil" is not clearly defined. There is no information as to what type of soil, for example with which grain size and in which grain distribution area it is. This situation additionally shortens the life span of a green area.
• • The USGA Building Guideline specifies the grit line more precisely and coordinates it with the soil physics, but the material-specific specifications can only be met by very expensive special washes. Again, organic material is used here, which reduces the life span. An additional problem and additional costs arise during construction by the third layer of this construction.
• • Basically, it can be said that all of the construction guidelines mentioned here only describe the condition before construction, during construction and shortly after completion of the construction, but do not specify the conditions (water absorption value, water storage capacity, fine particle content, grain size, etc.) show up after some time or a few years in the company.

The object of the present invention is to provide an improved floor top layer structure for sports facilities, in which the pore continuity of the drainage layer is given to the turf layer, d. H. no pore fractures occur and a long-term almost constant pore ratio of coarse, medium and fine pores of the substrate and the drainage layer is also ensured taking into account the aspects such as stress, adverse weather conditions and the time factor, so that permanently the soil gas exchange and thus best vegetation conditions are guaranteed.

Furthermore, the present invention seeks to provide a so-called filter stability for turf support layer and drainage layer, that is, a permanently stable grain skeleton is created, which is constructed so that the coarser and medium grain fractions prevent washing of the fine grain fractions by the rainwater.

Furthermore, the present invention seeks to minimize the amount of organic matter in the construction, but which should be sufficient to ensure a good microorganism climate.

Furthermore, if possible, a higher water absorption value should be achieved compared to the specifications of today's building guidelines, with a very high water holding power at the same time.

Furthermore, a construction standard should be created with materials that leaves less room for error and, if properly maintained, can be used almost indefinitely, since there are no fines that permanently change the substrate structure in the long term.

Furthermore, the material components should be cost-effective and consistently reproducible in consistent quality, so do not require expensive special washes, which lead to undesirable, unstable changing physical properties.

Furthermore, the turf layer should ensure a stable surface even in heavy rain events (shear and Eindellfestigkeit) to guarantee a perfect faithful ball run in all weather conditions, for example on golf courses.

Furthermore, although comparatively little organic material is incorporated, the fertilizer holding power (cation exchange capacity) should be that of a turf carrying layer having a z. B. Peat interference inferior.

Furthermore, an increased winter playability should preferably be created for example in golf courses (high air pore volume).

The solution to this problem provides an improved floor top layer structure of the aforementioned type with the characterizing features of the main claim.

• – die Drainageschicht mindestens drei Standardsande umfasst und eine gleich bleibende Porenkontinuität aufweist
• – die Drainageschicht mindestens einen groben Sand mit 2 bis 8 mm Korngröße mit einem Anteil von 5 bis 15 Vol.% enthält
• – die Drainageschicht mindestens einen mittleren Sand mit 0 bis 2 mm Korngröße mit einem Anteil von 60 bis 80 Vol.% enthält
• – die Drainageschicht mindestens einen feinen Sand mit 0 bis 1 mm Korngröße mit einem Anteil von 15 bis 25 Vol.% enthält,
• – die Rasentragschicht mindestens zwei Standardsande umfasst und eine gleich bleibende Porenkontinuität aufweist
• – die Rasentragschicht mindestens einen feinen Sand mit 0 bis 1 mm Korngröße mit einem Anteil von 27,5% bis 47,5 Vol.% enthält
• – die Rasentragschicht mindestens einen mittleren Sand mit 0 bis 2 mm Korngröße mit einem Anteil von 27,5 bis 47,5 Vol.% enthält
• – die Rasentragschicht einen Zuschlag umfassend zwei weitere Komponenten mit einem Gesamtanteil von 5 bis 40 Vol.%, bevorzugt 15% bis 35 Vol.% enthält, dessen erste Komponente eine mineralische Komponente ist, die mit einem Anteil von wenigstens 60% in dem Zuschlag enthalten ist und dessen zweite Komponente eine organische Komponente ist, die mit einem Anteil von höchstens 40% in dem Zuschlag enthalten ist,

wobei die Porengröße der Schichten zum Baugrund hin zunimmt.Thereafter, it is envisaged that for the drainage layer and the turf-carrying layer layer mixtures of constructional sands are used with low fines content of less than 10%, wherein

• - The drainage layer comprises at least three standard sands and has a constant pore continuity
• - The drainage layer contains at least one coarse sand with 2 to 8 mm grain size in a proportion of 5 to 15 vol.%
• - The drainage layer contains at least one average sand with 0 to 2 mm grain size in a proportion of 60 to 80 vol.%
• The drainage layer contains at least one fine sand of 0 to 1 mm particle size with a proportion of 15 to 25% by volume,
• - The turf support layer comprises at least two standard sands and has a constant pore continuity
• - The turf support layer contains at least one fine sand with 0 to 1 mm grain size in a proportion of 27.5% to 47.5% by volume
• - The turf carrying layer at least one average sand with 0 to 2 mm grain size in a proportion of 27.5 to 47.5 vol.% Contains
• The turf-supporting layer contains a supplement comprising two further components with a total content of 5 to 40% by volume, preferably 15% to 35% by volume, the first component of which is a mineral component containing at least 60% in the aggregate and the second component of which is an organic component containing not more than 40% in the aggregate,

wherein the pore size of the layers increases toward the ground.

According to the invention, it is advantageous that the drainage layer and the turf-carrying layer can be mixed, taking into account the mixing ratios of structurally washed standard standards, so that it is possible to resort to sands present in the construction industry (for concrete sands) and possibly also mixing plants used there. The washing of the sands has the advantage that unwanted very fine particles are washed out, which later adversely and uncontrollably change the fines content in the layers of the floor top layer structure. In addition, washable ultrafine particles change the stability of the layers over time.

The mixture can consist of DIN sand grains with the smallest amount of fines, as they are used for concrete production, for example, and are always available in almost the same quality. The mixture of the individual mixture components can be accomplished, for example, by a computer-controlled dosing system, as used for example for the production of special mixtures in the concrete industry. This ensures a constant pore continuity of the individual layers of the structure to each other.

The mixture of the drain layer is made of three standard sands. The mixture of the turf-supporting layer is made up of two standard sands and the aggregate, which comprises two further components, namely a mineral component, which represents the predominant part of the aggregate with at least about 60%, and an organic component, with a maximum of 40% the smaller fraction of the Supplements.

The mineral component of the aggregate can be made of blackened claystone, for example Messel claystone or even oil shale. This is a product that has been used for decades as a waste product in the production of energy from bituminous mudstone or oil shale. Thus, this is a residue which is supplied to meaningful use within the scope of the present invention. In the past, crude oil was extracted by smoldering mudstone. The slag-like residual product obtained after the Verschwelungsvorgang is suitable as a mineral component in the addition of the invention. It is a granular product with a porous basic structure. Alternatively, for example, brick or slag can be used as a mineral portion of the aggregate.

The aggregate may be admixed in a proportion of about 10% to about 40%, more preferably between about 15% and about 35% of the turf supporting layer. However, care should be taken to ensure that the organic content added by the addition of the turf support layer does not become too high. With a higher proportion of aggregate added to the turf layer, it is therefore advisable to increase the mineral content in the aggregate. If the proportion of the surcharge is lower, it may also contain a slightly higher organic content. If, for example, the proportion of the aggregate in the turf-supporting layer is only 15%, the organic fraction in the turf-supporting layer is only 6%, even with a maximum organic content of 40%. If, on the other hand, the percentage of the surcharge is in the upper range of, for example, 40%, the organic content should be lower in the supplement, for example 20% organic and 80% mineral, so that the overall organic content is only 8% in the turf layer. The organic fraction of the turf-supporting layer is preferably below the stated values.

With a proportional mixing of the aggregate in the order of, for example, about 25% by volume to the turf-carrying layer, if the aggregate contains, for example, an organic content of 5%, for example, the organic content of the entire turf-supporting layer is only 1.25%.

This aggregate clay / oil slate component of the aggregate advantageously has slag-like grains which have a porous sponge-like basic structure with a porous surface. This results in, among other things, the surprisingly high water holding capacity of the turf carrying layer.

Another surprising advantageous feature of the mineral component of the aggregate is the very high cation exchange capacity, that is, the ability, for example, to receive fertilizers, to store them and release them again when the plants need them.

Sewage sludge is preferably used as the organic component of the aggregate. Also sewage sludge is a waste product, which is obtained in the clarification of municipal wastewater in sufficient quantities. This may optionally be mixed after predrying to adjust the desired water content with the aforementioned mineral component. The aggregate obtained in this way is then added to the corresponding sands during the mixing of the turf-supporting layer.

The thickness of the drainage layer should preferably be at most about 20 cm, at least about 10 cm, and preferably about 13 cm to about 17 cm.

The thickness of the turf-carrying layer should preferably be at most about 30 cm, at least about 20 cm and particularly preferably about 23 cm to about 27 cm.

According to a preferred development of the present invention, the turf-carrying layer and the drainage layer are blended from washed constructional sands with a fine-grained fraction (sludge particle <0.063 mm) of less than 8%.

Furthermore, the proportion of organic material in the turf-supporting layer that is due to the organic component in the aggregate is preferably less than 10%, preferably less than 5%.

Furthermore, in order to achieve a constant pore continuity, the avoidance of too great a deviation in the particle size distribution of the turf carrying layer and the drainage layer is to be recommended. It has proved to be advantageous in this context if the respective mass% fractions in the drainage layer mixture in the particle size fractions 0.63 mm-2 mm and 0.2 mm-0.63 mm become the mass% fractions of the corresponding particle size fractions in the turf layer mixture in a ratio of 1.3: 1 to 0.7: 1, preferably in a ratio of 1.2: 1 to 0.8: 1 behave.

• – mindestens einen feinen Sand mit 0 bis 1 mm Korngröße, in einem Anteil von 27,5 bis 47,5 Vol.%,
• – mindestens einen mittleren Sand mit 0 bis 2 mm Korngröße in einem Anteil von 27,5 bis 47,5 Vol.%,
• – mindestens einen Zuschlag aus zwei Komponenten mit einem Gesamtanteil in der Pflegemischung von 5 bis 40, bevorzugt 15 bis 35 Vol.%,

wobei der Zuschlag als erste mineralische Komponente poröse Körner von verschweltem Tonstein, insbesondere Messeler Tonstein und/oder Ölschiefer, und/oder Lava oder Ziegelmehl mit einem Anteil von mindestens 60% enthält und wobei der Zuschlag als zweite organische Komponente Klärschlamm in einem Anteil von höchstens 40 Vol.% enthält, wobei die größte Absiebung der mineralischen Komponente (das Größtkorn) maximal etwa 3 mm beträgt.The present invention furthermore relates to a care mixture for improving the quality of turf surfaces, which is subsequently applied by sprinkling onto an existing turf surface, in particular with a bottom top layer structure of the aforementioned type, this tanning mixture comprising at least two standard sands and having a constant pore continuity, viz

• - at least one fine sand of 0 to 1 mm grain size, in a proportion of 27,5 to 47,5% by volume,
• At least one medium sand of 0 to 2 mm grain size in a proportion of 27.5 to 47.5% by volume,
• - at least one supplement of two components with a total content in the care mixture of 5 to 40, preferably 15 to 35 vol.%,

wherein the aggregate contains as the first mineral component porous grains of sodden clay, in particular Messel mudstone and / or oil shale, and / or lava or brick dust in a proportion of at least 60% and wherein the aggregate as a second organic component sewage sludge in a proportion of at most 40 Vol.%, With the largest screening of the mineral component (the largest grain) is a maximum of about 3 mm.

The inventively improved Bodenoberschichtstrukturen are particularly suitable for the new construction, maintenance and regeneration care of golf greens: greens, tees and fairways of golf courses and football fields, lawn and generally for sports turf and hard surfaces of any kind.

The features mentioned in the dependent claims relate to preferred developments of the task solution according to the invention. Further advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail by way of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows 1 a schematically simplified sectional view through a floor with a floor top layer structure according to the invention.

It will be on the 1 Referenced. This shows a terrain in section, which is a subsoil 12 with drainage ditches 13 includes, in which the usual drainage pipes are laid. If the subsoil is by itself sufficiently permeable to water, one can do without the construction of such a drainage. About this subsoil 12 Now, the structure according to the invention of the floor top layer structure with a drainage layer 11 , which has a thickness of about 10 cm to 20 cm, and a turf carrying layer applied above this drainage layer 10 which has a thickness of 20 cm to 30 cm. On the surface of the grass carrying layer 10 will then after completion of the floor construction of the lawn 14 sown. Both the drainage layer 11 as well as the grass carrying layer 10 According to the invention are blended from washed Bausanden with specific grain size and in a defined mixing ratio, wherein the mixture for the turf support layer further comprises a supplement consisting of a mineral and an organic component.

Exemplary composition ranges for the turf-bearing layer mixture are given below. Example 1: Widest region / narrowest region of the turf layer mixture Surcharge (material based on blackened mudstone / oil shale and sewage sludge) (standard coarse screening up to 14.0 mm) in Vol.% Standard Sand (07-004 g) 0 mm-1.0 mm in Vol.% Standard Sand (07-004 b) 0 mm-2.0 mm in Vol.% Widest range 40 30.0 30.0 Optimal range 25 37.5 37.5 Narrowest range 5 47.5 47.5

The following are exemplary composition ranges for the mixture used to create the drainage layer. Example 2: Widest region / narrowest region of the drainage layer mixture Standard Sand (07-004 g) 0 mm-1.0 mm in Vol.% Standard sand (07-004 b) 0 mm-2.0 mm in volume% 0-2.0 mm is the central component of the mixture! Standard Sands (Riesling) (07-004 f) 2.0-8.0 mm in Vol.% Widest range 15 80 5 Optimal range 20 70 10 Narrowest range 25 60 15

• • Die Pflegemischung kann zur Verbesserung von Rasenoberflächen eingesetzt werden z. B. zur Verbesserung der Ebenheit, beispielsweise mit einer aufzubringenden Menge von ca. 3 Litern je m².
• • Sie kann auch verwandt werden um Bearbeitungsspuren von Rasenpflegemaschinen auszugleichen. z. B. nach dem Vertikutieren der Spielbahnen, um die Messerstriche der Vertikutiermesser zu beseitigen, dazu reicht beispielsweise eine Menge von etwa 1 Liter je m².
• • Nach mehrmaliger Anwendung in einer Menge von beispielsweise zwischen 3 und 5 Litern je m² werden Böden mit Tragfähigkeitsproblemen in nassen Jahreszeiten tragfähiger.
• • Bei jährlicher Anwendung in Mengen von beispielsweise etwa 2 Litern je m² verringert sich die Filzbildung, weil das Mikroorganismenleben, welches auch für den Filzabbau zuträglich ist, gefördert wird.

Example 3: Optionally, a care mixture can be used, which is subsequently applied to existing lawn surfaces, for example at regular time intervals.

• • The care mixture can be used to improve lawn surfaces, eg. B. to improve the flatness, for example, with an applied amount of about 3 liters per m ² .
• • It can also be used to compensate for the tillage marks of lawn care machines. z. B. after scarifying the fairways to eliminate the knife edges of Vertikutiermesser, this is sufficient for example, an amount of about 1 liter per m ² .
• • After being used several times, for example between 3 and 5 liters per m ² , soils with viability problems become more sustainable in wet seasons.
• • When used annually in amounts of, for example, about 2 liters per m ² reduces the formation of felt, because the microorganism life, which is also beneficial for the felt degradation, is promoted.

The care mixture preferably consists of exactly the same mixing partners and mixing proportions as the turf layer mixture with the difference that in the care mixture the largest screening of the mineral clay or lava component of the aggregate (the largest grain) should preferably be at most about 3 mm. This is only recommended in the care mix, because it is applied to the lawn color and otherwise can not be excluded in a golf course damage to the sensitive Spindelmähermesser.

Example 4: Ratios of the particle size distribution in the turf carrying layer and the drainage layer

A very important aspect in the context of the present invention is the so-called pore continuity in the area of turf support layer and drainage layer. This means that there is a continuous, continuous network of pores of sufficient size in the soil to ensure the waterwayability of the soil. In this case, the two layers must be built up of such sands that no pore break occurs even in the boundary region between the turf-carrying layer and the drainage layer. Both layers must therefore not differ too much in their grain size distribution. In the extensive scientific investigations that led to the present invention, it has been found that this aspect has an important meaning. Accordingly, it is generally not sufficient to mix the turf-carrying layer on the one hand and the drainage layer on the other hand individually from sands which lead to a specific particle size distribution, but preference should also be given to maintaining a certain ratio in the respective particle size fractions of both layers. Preferred exemplary ratios are given in Table 1 below. Table 1 Grain size fraction d in mm Respective ratios of the sieve fractions (in% by mass) of drainage layer to turf carrying layer 8-16 Not present in turf layer 4-8 15.2 2-4 1.46 0.630 to 2 1.08 0.20 to 0.630 0.97 0.063-0.20 0.59 0.025 to 0.063 0.39 0 to 0.025 0.26

In Table 1 above, the respective mass% fractions of all sieve fractions are related to a specific grain size distribution of the drainage layer mixture to those of the turf base layer mixture. The grain size distribution 8-16 mm occurs in the example only in the drainage layer, but not in the turf layer. The table shows that the coarse sand fraction is 4-8 mm in the drainage layer mixture is present in a substantially larger proportion (15.2 times), since the corresponding coarse sand of the turf-bearing layer mixture is not added. However, in the fraction 2-4 mm, the difference between the proportions in both layers is not so great. In the case of the two particle size fractions, which in this example form the main constituents of both mixtures with, for example, a total of more than 70% by mass, namely the fraction of 0.63-2 mm and that of 0.2-0.63 mm, the two mixtures differ hardly, the conditions are each almost equal to 1. In the three lower fine grain fractions then, as expected, the proportions in the turf layer are much higher than in the drainage layer. As can be seen from the above information, mixtures for the turf-carrying layer and the drainage layer can be formed in this way, which differ well with the respective coarse-grain or fine-grain fractions, but in the case of the main components, that is, the middle-grain fractions in each case have similar compositions. This aspect also contributes to pore continuity. Both layers are compatible with each other and it is possible to achieve pore continuity over both layers. This aspect was not taken into account in the previous floor cover structures with a structure according to the cited common guidelines according to the prior art.

Example 5:

As a possible alternative to the previously described solutions, it was also attempted to use a lava grain as the mineral component in the aggregate for the turf-carrying layer instead of blackened clay, omitting the organic component "sewage sludge". Although the physical properties (eg water holding power) can be limited, the chemical properties are not achieved in the same way as the lava grain consists exclusively of mineral substances and the organic substance is completely absent. Tests have also shown that a lava grain that is crushed in a crushing plant has very sharp edges. These sharp edges are very detrimental when loaded the turf support layer, as they hurt the roots, cut through, or even fungus-like pathogens can penetrate into the plant. In order to improve the chemical properties in this case, so again an admixture of an organic material would be required.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

Root Zone Mix

11

drainage layer

12

Building

13

drainage ditches

14

race

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited non-patent literature

• DIN 18035 sheet 4 [0005]
• www.usga.org [0007]
• DIN 18035 sheet 4 [0009]

Claims (9)

Improved Bodenoberschichtstruktur for sports facilities comprising - a building ground with drainage ditches - the top then a fine-pored Rasentragschicht with an organic, nutrient-rich share, characterized in that for the drainage layer and the turf layer Schichtmi scraps of structural sand with low fines content of less than 10%, wherein - the drainage layer comprises at least three standard sands and has a constant pore continuity - the drainage layer contains at least one coarse sand with 2 to 8 mm grain size in a proportion of 5 to 15% by volume - the drainage layer at least one middle one Contains sand with a particle size of 0 to 2 mm in a proportion of 60 to 80% by volume - the drainage layer contains at least one fine sand of 0 to 1 mm particle size in a proportion of 15 to 25% by volume, - the turf bearing layer at least s comprises two standard sands and has a consistent pore continuity - the turf support layer contains at least one fine sand of 0 to 1 mm grain size in a proportion of 27.5% to 47.5% by volume - the turf bearing layer has at least one middle sand of 0 to 2 mm grit size with a proportion of 27.5 to 47.5 vol.% contains - the turf support layer comprises a supplement comprising two further components with a total content of 5 to 40 vol.%, Preferably 15% to 35 vol.%, the first component is a mineral component contained in the aggregate at a level of at least 60% and the second component of which is an organic component containing at most 40% in the aggregate, the pore size of the layers increasing towards the ground , Floor top layer structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the turf-carrying layer contains as a second organic component in the aggregate sewage sludge, optionally in predried form. Floor top layer structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the turf layer as the first mineral component in the aggregate contains a proportion of carbonated clay, especially Messel clay and / or oil shale and / or lava or clay. Floor top layer structure according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the turf layer and the drainage layer of washed construction sands with a fine grain content (sludge grain <0.063 mm) of less than 8% are mixed. Floor top layer structure according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the amount of organic material in the turf support layer that is due to the organic component in the aggregate is less than 10%, preferably less than 5%. Floor top layer structure according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the respective mass% fractions in the drainage layer mixture in the grain size fractions 0.63 mm-2 mm and 0.2 mm-0.63 mm to the mass% of the corresponding particle size fractions in the turf layer mixture in a ratio of 1.3: 1 to 0.7: 1, preferably in a ratio of 1.2: 1 to 0.8: 1 behave. Floor top layer structure according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the drainage layer has a thickness of about 10 cm to about 20 cm thick. Floor top layer structure according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the turf carrying layer has a thickness of about 20 cm to about 30 cm. Care mixture for improving the quality of turf surfaces, which is subsequently applied by sprinkling onto an existing turf surface, in particular with a floor top layer structure according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises at least two standard sands and has a constant pore continuity, namely - At least one finely divided sand with 0 to 1 mm grain size, preferably sand of the class 07-004g, with 30 to 47.5, preferably 37.5, vol.%, - At least one coarse sand with 0 to 2 mm grain size, preferably sand the class 07-004b, with 30 to 47.5, preferably 37.5, Vol.%, - at least one supplement of two components with a total content in the care mixture of 5 to 40, preferably 15 to 35 vol.%, wherein the Supplement as the first mineral component contains porous grains of blackened claystone, in particular Messeler mudstone and / or oil shale with a share of at least 60% and wherein the supplement as the second organic component contains sewage sludge in a proportion of at most 40 vol.%, With the largest screening The maximum content of the claystone component (the largest grain) is about 3 mm.

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