DE102009050203B4 - Device with a suppression circuit of a residual light - Google Patents

Abstract

Device with a suppression circuit (101, 305, Cp) of a residual light, in which the suppression circuit can be activated or deactivated by means of a switching element (S2, 102, 304), characterized in that the suppression circuit comprises an antiphase compensation line.

Description

The invention relates to a device, in particular a lamp, a lamp, a socket or an electronic ballast with a suppression circuit of a residual light.

New energy-saving luminaires with LED chips are also distinguished from conventional incandescent lamps in that they are excited to glow even at low currents. The use of such lights in the usual house installation with typical cable lengths of a few meters to the switches lead capacities of several hundred Picofarad, which cause the lights shine clearly visible even when switched off ("ghost light").

This lighting can be desired, for. B. as an additional orientation light, or even be distracting. A device for suppressing unwanted residual light is for example from the GB 2 175 465 A known.

The object of the invention is to suppress the described "ghost light" with the least possible additional electrical losses in a simple manner.

This object is achieved according to the features of the independent claims. Further developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

To achieve the object, a device is provided with a suppression circuit of a residual light, in which the suppression circuit can be activated or deactivated by means of a switching element and the suppression circuit comprises an anti-phase compensation line.

The antiphase compensation line is in particular switched on or switched off.

Likewise, a device is provided with a suppression circuit of a residual light, in which the suppression circuit can be activated or deactivated by means of a switching element and a shield, which is designed to be switched on or off includes.

For example, the contacting of the shield with the N conductor can be made switchable.

Furthermore, a device is provided with a suppression circuit of a residual light, in which the suppression circuit can be activated or deactivated by means of a switching element and has a capacitance which is connected substantially parallel to a lighting means.

In particular, this capacitance is arranged in series with a switch.

In the suppression circuit is a circuit for influencing a residual light of the lamp, which is still perceptible even in a switched-off state of the lamp - especially in the dark. This residual light is referred to herein as "ghost light".

A further development is that the device is a lamp or a lamp.

It should be noted that the lamp is a light source, for. B. may be a retrofit lamp. The device may also be a luminaire with at least one light source. In particular, the lamp or lamp at least one semiconductor element, z. B. LED or LED chip include.

Another development is that the device is a socket for a lamp.

The switching element may be a button or a switch. In particular, the switching element may be designed as an electronic and / or mechanical switch.

It is also a development that the switching element is a disposable switch, in particular a pull-out isolator strip.

Embodiments of the invention are illustrated and explained below with reference to the drawings.

Show it:

1 a lamp with a light source, z. B. in the form of an LED chip, which is preceded by a Geisterlichtunterdrückungsschaltung GLU, the GLU is designed bridged by means of a switch;

2 a socket (eg designed as an adapter socket with a shunt capacitor) for receiving a lamp, the socket comprising the GLU connected upstream of the lamp;

3A a common installation of a lamp with a switch, which are connected to an L-conductor and an N-conductor;

3B an inventive installation of a lamp which is connected by the switch via a shielded line;

4 a schematic circuit of a lamp, for. B. an LED lamp, which is connected via a line with a line capacitance to a power grid, wherein a parallel capacitor is provided for suppressing the ghost light;

5 a schematic representation of a possible implementation of a switch S ₂ for connecting or disconnecting the parallel capacitance;

6 an exemplary circuit of a lamp with an electronic power interruption in the form of a controlled contactor.

The solution proposed here allows, in particular, an almost lossless (constructive or by means of switch or coding) connection or disconnection of a "ghost light" of a lamp or lamp with a good efficiency even at very low currents. For example, the use of lamps with light-emitting diode chips (LEDs) is advantageous here.

The ghost light is a perceptible light of a switched-off lamp or light. The ghost light can optionally be suppressed. In particular, the effect referred to here as ghost light may be expressly desired in certain applications, e.g. B. as orientation light in a nursery.

For this purpose, the light source may comprise an element for suppressing the ghost light. This element can optionally be designed to be switched off, z. Example by means of a switch, in particular by means of a functional single-use switch (eg., By a removable isolator strip).

1 shows a lamp 104 with a light source 103 , z. In the form of an LED chip, which includes a ghost light suppression circuit GLU 101 upstream. The GLU 101 is by means of a switch 102 bridged executed.

The ghost light suppression element may be embodied as a part of a lamp cap, in particular as a lamp cap spacer. Optionally, a switch may be provided to activate or deactivate the suppression of the ghost light.

2 shows a version 201 (eg, designed as an adapter socket with a shunt capacitor) for receiving a lamp 202 , The version 201 includes the GLU 101 that of the lamp 202 upstream. The GLU 101 is by means of the switch 102 bridged executed.

Also, there is a possibility that the ghost light suppressing member may comprise shielded wires or reverse phase switched compensation wires. In this embodiment, the ghost light can be suppressed switchably by connecting or opening the shield to the neutral conductor or by switching the compensation lines on or off.

3A shows an installation of a lamp 301 with a switch 302 which are connected to an L-conductor and an N-conductor. For clarity's sake is in 3A nor the protective conductor SL indicated. In the switch lead there is a line capacitance (C _L ) 303 ,

3B shows an alternative installation of the lamp 301 that with the switch 302 over a shielded line 305 connected is. Is the shield 305 the line is connected to the N-conductor, the ghost light is suppressed, otherwise the lamp can 301 even when the switch is off 302 afterglow. The shield 305 the line can by means of a switch 304 connected to or disconnected from the neutral conductor.

A shield can also be done with an antiphase compensation line, which is preferably switched on or off. Thus, a switchable compensation line with an anti-phase voltage could additionally be arranged in a switching supply line. For example, in a three-phase network, this anti-phase voltage can be generated from the other two phases. This has the advantage that the ghost light additionally "switched" centrally from the house installation, so either suppressed or can not be suppressed.

Another possibility is to connect a parallel capacitor C _{P of} the luminaire. 4 shows an exemplary circuit.

The L-conductor is connected via a line with a line capacitance C _L and a switch S ₁ with a connection 402 a lamp 401 connected. The connection 402 is about a coil L _R with a node 404 connected, via a capacitor C _R with a rectifier 405 and connected to a pole of a varistor R _var . The other pole of the varistor R _var is connected to one terminal 403 the lamp 401 connected.

The N conductor is with the connector 403 connected, which continues with the rectifier 405 connected is. The knot 404 is a series circuit of a capacitor C _P and a switch S ₂ to the terminal 403 connected. Furthermore, the node 404 via a resistor R _P to the terminal 403 connected.

About the switch S ₂ , the function of the ghost light is switched on or off.

The of the rectifier 405 rectified voltage is applied in parallel to a capacitor C ₂ and, for example, to two strings of n connected in series LEDs. At the LEDs a voltage U _LED drops.

The value of the capacitor C _P is preferably to be such that the maximum peak voltage arising at the terminals of the lamp 401 can build up below the threshold voltage of the LED series circuit U _LED is located. This can be achieved by the parallel capacitor C _{P is} greater than the product of the (maximum to be considered) switch line capacitance C _L times the ratio of the mains peak voltage to the threshold voltage U _{LED of} the LED series circuit.

The inductance L _R (series reactor) can be used to limit currents. In this case, it is advantageous that the inductance L _{R has} no appreciable active power loss in normal operation and therefore hardly affects the overall efficiency. For example, the inductance L _{R may have} a value of 6 mH in order to limit an impulse of 1 kV, 20 μs duration and less than 3 A. Preferably, the coil is then designed as an air coil or with a considerable iron cross-section. Alternatively or additionally, in lamps of low electrical power (below about 50 W) and a high-current resistant resistor R _R of z. B. 30 ohms and approx. 1.5 W continuous load capacity can be used.

Also, the varistor R _var can be used to limit the current.

In the exemplary circuit according to 4 For the protection against overvoltages, the varistor resistor R _var can also be arranged to the left of the series capacitor C _R (on the line side) of this series capacitor C _R (ie parallel to the resistor R _P ).

The resistor R _P is used to discharge when changing the lamp when voltage is applied. If an almost complete discharge, for example, be achieved within 4 s, so the resistance R _P z. B. be dimensioned in the order of 1-6 MOhm. The resistance R _P can be omitted if the lamp is only changed when switched off.

In the example of 4 results with C _L = 500 pF, 12 LEDs, U _LED = 36 V (12 LEDs, which are connected in series with 3-4 V forward voltage) the required parallel capacitance C _P to deactivate the ghost light to about 6 nF.

A higher parallel capacitance C _P prevents longer line lengths to the switch, so that even with correspondingly longer lines, the ghost light can be effectively suppressed.

The ghost light can also be suppressed with circuits that z. B. for the suppression of interference to comply with a need electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) can be used and turn off the line completely potential-free at low power draw and z. B. with small auxiliary voltages or only briefly repeated tests with small voltages, whether a consumer switches on.

5 shows a schematic representation of a possible implementation of a switch S ₂ for connecting or disconnecting the parallel capacitance C _P. This is a plastic piece 501 as an insulating element between two z. B. prestressed, spring-mounted electrical contacts 502 . 503 arranged. Will the plastic piece 501 removed, put the contacts 502 . 503 an electrical connection and thus activate the parallel capacitance C _P. Thus, the ghost light (for example, temporarily) can be suppressed. The plastic piece 501 can z. B. be designed as a foil. It is also possible that the plastic piece is designed to be inserted again. Otherwise are in 5 symbolically a serial capacitance C _R , a rectifier 504 , as well as a LED string 505 shown. The rest of the ballast circuit is in 5 indicated only schematically.

6 shows an exemplary circuit according to the prior art of a luminaire with a schematically indicated electronic power interruption 901 in the form of a controlled contactor. The lamp includes connections 904 . 905 , where the connection 904 via a series connection of a resistor R ₁ and a capacitor C ₁ to the terminal 905 connected is. The center tap of this series connection is connected via a Diac T ₁ to a gate terminal of a triac T ₂ . The connection 904 is via the triac T ₂ and a capacitor C _R with a rectifier 902 connected. Furthermore, the connection 905 with the rectifier 905 connected.

The of the rectifier 905 The rectified voltage is applied in parallel to a capacitor C ₂ and to a string 903 from n series-connected LEDs. At the LEDs a voltage U _LED drops.

Only from a certain minimum voltage at the terminals 904 . 905 , z. B. 170 ACV, conducts the circuit 901 the current almost lossless (low impedance) to the series capacitor C _R. Below this input voltage is the circuit 901 almost completely interrupting the flow of electricity, that is, it is between the connection 904 and the capacitor C _R high impedance and thereby has only a low power loss.

Instead of the above-described parallel capacitor C _P for suppressing the ghost light, in principle a parallel inductance L _P or a parallel resistor R _P could also be used. Also, combinations of the above components for suppressing the ghost light are possible.

A parallel inductor should be able to pick up the full voltage when switched on with an additional magnetizing current that is not much larger than the current the lamp would otherwise need.

Overall, the use of a parallel capacity also proves to be advantageous from an energetic point of view, because z. B. occur both in the on and in the off state of the lamp only small losses.

In addition, it should be mentioned that the capacitive realization proposed here has energy advantages.

Heat losses of the entire ballast, comprising essentially the series capacitor C _R and the bridge rectifier, are calculated approximately from the losses of the capacitor and the voltage drops at the diodes of the bridge rectifier to 2 · 0.7 V = 1.4 V in relation to the effective AC voltage 230 V. This results in losses of 1.4 V / 230 V = 0.6%.

Since the losses of capacitors are very low (usually less than 0.001 of the apparent power I · Uc, which may possibly be 3 to 5 times higher than the transmitted active power), the losses of the capacitors amount to a maximum of 500% · 0.001 = 0.5% and the losses of the entire ballast are only 0.6% + 0.5% = 1.1%.

The required series resistances R _R for limiting the inrush current in the mains voltage maximum or in the case of interference pulses cause, with careful design and permitted inrush pulses of approximately one hundred times the operating current, only additional losses below 5%.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

101

Ghost light suppression circuit GLU

102

switch

103

Light source (eg light emitting diodes)

104

lamp

201

version

202

lamp

301

lamp

302

switch

303

Line capacitance C _L

304

switch

305

Shielding the line

N

N conductor

L

L-Head

SL

protective conductor

401

lamp

402

connection

403

connection

404

node

405

(Bridge) rectifier

S ₁

switch

S ₂

switch

C _L

line capacity

L _R

Inductance (series reactor)

C _R

Capacity (series capacity)

R _var

varistor

R _R

(parallel) resistance

C ₂

capacity

501

plastic piece

502

resilient electrical contact

503

resilient electrical contact

504

rectifier

505

LED string (multiple series LEDs or LED chips)

901

electronic power interruption

902

rectifier

903

LED cluster

904

connection

905

connection

R ₁

resistance

C ₁

capacitor

T ₁

triac

T ₂

diac

Claims (10)

Device with a suppression circuit ( 101 . 305 , C _p ) of a residual light, in which the suppression circuit by means of a switching element (S ₂ , 102 . 304 ) is activated or deactivated, characterized in that the suppression circuit comprises an anti-phase compensation line. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the opposite-phase compensation line is switched on or off. Device with a suppression circuit ( 101 . 305 , C _p ) of a residual light, in which the suppression circuit by means of a switching element (S ₂ , 102 . 304 ) is activatable or deactivatable, characterized in that the suppression circuit has a shield ( 305 ), which is designed to be switched on or off. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the contacting of the shielding with the N-conductor is switchable connectable. Device with a suppression circuit ( 101 . 305 , C _p ) of a residual light, in which the suppression circuit by means of a switching element (S ₂ , 102 . 304 ) is activated or deactivated, characterized in that the suppression circuit has a capacitance (C _P ), which is connected substantially parallel to a lighting means. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the capacitance is arranged in series with a switch. Device according to one of the preceding claims, in which the device has a socket ( 201 ) for a lamp ( 202 ). Device according to one of the preceding claims, in which the device comprises a lamp ( 104 ) or a light is. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the switching element is a one-time switch, in particular a pull-out isolator strip. Device according to one of the preceding claims, in which the device is an electronic ballast.

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