DE102009045555A1 - Security camera has three-dimensional camera based on photonic mixer devices, where two-dimensional camera and three-dimensional camera are associated for active illumination - Google Patents
Security camera has three-dimensional camera based on photonic mixer devices, where two-dimensional camera and three-dimensional camera are associated for active illumination Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102009045555A1 DE102009045555A1 DE102009045555A DE102009045555A DE102009045555A1 DE 102009045555 A1 DE102009045555 A1 DE 102009045555A1 DE 102009045555 A DE102009045555 A DE 102009045555A DE 102009045555 A DE102009045555 A DE 102009045555A DE 102009045555 A1 DE102009045555 A1 DE 102009045555A1
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- camera
- monitoring system
- active illumination
- area
- dimensional camera
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B35/00—Stereoscopic photography
- G03B35/08—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous recording
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/89—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S17/894—3D imaging with simultaneous measurement of time-of-flight at a 2D array of receiver pixels, e.g. time-of-flight cameras or flash lidar
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/93—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S17/931—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B15/00—Special procedures for taking photographs; Apparatus therefor
- G03B15/02—Illuminating scene
- G03B15/03—Combinations of cameras with lighting apparatus; Flash units
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/18—Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast
- H04N7/181—Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast for receiving images from a plurality of remote sources
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
- G01S2013/9315—Monitoring blind spots
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Closed-Circuit Television Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Überwachungskamera mit einer 2D- und 3D-Kamera nach der Gattung des unabhängigen Anspruchs.The invention is based on a surveillance camera with a 2D and 3D camera according to the preamble of the independent claim.
Aus der
Als 3D-Kamerasysteme eignen sich insbesondere so genannte Licht-Laufzeitsysteme, bei denen die Laufzeitinformationen aus der Phasenverschiebung einer emittierten und empfangenen Strahlung gewonnen wird. Als 3D-Kameras sind insbesondere so genannte Fotomischdetektoren bzw. PMD-Kameras geeignet, wie sie unter anderem in den Anmeldungen
Aus der
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine kompakte Überwachungskamera, insbesondere für sicherheitsrelevante Anwendungen, zur Verfügung zu stellen.The object of the invention is to provide a compact surveillance camera, in particular for security-relevant applications.
Die Aufgabe wird in vorteilhafter Weise durch die erfindungsgemäße Überwachungskamera des unabhängigen Anspruchs gelöst.The object is achieved in an advantageous manner by the surveillance camera according to the invention of the independent claim.
In vorteilhafter Weise fasst die erfindungsgemäße Überwachungskamera eine 3D- und 2D-Kamera in einem gemeinsamen Kameragehäuse zusammen. Der 3D-Kamera ist ferner eine aktive Beleuchtung zugeordnet, die zusammen mit dem Kameragehäuse eine gemeinsame Baueinheit bildet. Weiterhin weist jede Kamera ein eigenes Objektiv auf, so dass in vorteilhafter Weise der optische Strahlengang für den jeweiligen Kameratyp optimal gestaltet werden kann.The surveillance camera according to the invention advantageously combines a 3D and 2D camera in a common camera housing. The 3D camera is also associated with an active illumination, which together with the camera body forms a common structural unit. Furthermore, each camera has its own lens, so that advantageously the optical beam path can be optimally designed for the respective camera type.
Durch die in den abhängigen Ansprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen der im unabhängigen Anspruch angegebenen Erfindung möglich.The measures listed in the dependent claims advantageous refinements and improvements of the independent claim invention are possible.
Vorteilhaft sind die Erfassungsbereiche der beiden Kameras derart aufeinander abgestimmt, dass im Wesentlichen die gleichen Bereiche erfasst werden. In vorteilhafter Weise ist mindestens eine der beiden Kameras derart angepasst.Advantageously, the detection areas of the two cameras are matched to one another such that substantially the same areas are detected. Advantageously, at least one of the two cameras is adapted in this way.
Insbesondere ist es von Vorteil, wenn die 3D-Kamera und/oder die aktive Beleuchtung derart ausgestaltet sind/ist, dass der Erfassungsbereich der 3D-Kamera mindestens 70% des beleuchteten Bereichs erfasst. So wird vorteilhaft vermieden, dass Licht in den überstrahlten Bereichen verloren geht oder sich schädlich auf den erfassten Bereich auswirkt.In particular, it is advantageous if the 3D camera and / or the active illumination are configured such that the detection range of the 3D camera covers at least 70% of the illuminated area. Thus, it is advantageously avoided that light is lost in the overexposed areas or has a detrimental effect on the detected area.
Zweckmäßigerweise ist die aktive Beleuchtung derart ausgestaltet ist, dass der beleuchtete Bereich im Wesentlichen der Geometrie des Erfassungsbereich angepasst ist. Insbesondere ist es von Vorteil, beispielsweise bei einem rechteckigen TOF-Sensor-Array, der im Wesentlichen auch einen rechteckigen Erfassungsbereich aufweist, auch dem Beleuchtungsbereich eine im Wesentlichen rechteckige Geometrie zu geben.Advantageously, the active illumination is configured such that the illuminated area is substantially adapted to the geometry of the detection area. In particular, it is advantageous, for example, in the case of a rectangular TOF sensor array, which also essentially has a rectangular detection area, to also give the illumination area a substantially rectangular geometry.
Zweckmäßiger Weise weisen die Kameras zu mindestens in einer Raumrichtung einen Erfassungs-Öffnungswinkel von größer 90°, insbesondere größer 120° auf.Expediently, the cameras have a detection aperture angle of greater than 90 °, in particular greater than 120 °, in at least one spatial direction.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist die aktive Beleuchtung aus einem Array von Lichtquellen aufgebaut, wobei die Lichtquellen zusammen den gesamten Erfassungsbereich der 3D-Kamera ausleuchten.In a further advantageous embodiment, the active illumination is constructed from an array of light sources, wherein the light sources together illuminate the entire detection range of the 3D camera.
In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung ist mindestens eine Lichtquelle derart ausgebildet, dass diese Lichtquelle den Erfassungsbereich nur teilweise beleuchtet. Dieses Vorgehen hat unter anderem den Vorteil, dass beispielsweise eine ausgewählte Lichtquelle nur für die Beleuchtung eines besonders relevanten Bereichs herangezogen werden kann.In a preferred embodiment, at least one light source is designed such that this light source only partially illuminates the detection area. One of the advantages of this approach is that, for example, a selected light source can only be used for illuminating a particularly relevant area.
Des Weiteren ist es auch möglich, mehrere Lichtquellen zu einem Beleuchtungsmodul zusammen zu fassen. Ein solches Modul kann insbesondere schwenkbar im oder am Kameragehäuse angeordnet werden.Furthermore, it is also possible to combine a plurality of light sources to form a lighting module. Such a module can in particular be arranged pivotably in or on the camera housing.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert.Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and explained in more detail in the following description.
Es zeigenShow it
Das TOF-Kamerasystem umfasst hier eine Sendeeinheit bzw. ein Beleuchtungsmodul
Das Messprinzip dieser Anordnung basiert im Wesentlichen darauf, dass ausgehend von der Phasendifferenz des emittierten und empfangenen Lichts die Laufzeit des emittierten und reflektierten Lichts ermittelt werden kann. Zu diesem Zwecke werden die Lichtquelle und der Fotosensor
Durch Integration einer 2D-Kamera, vorzugsweise basierend auf einem CMOS-Imager-Chip und einer 3D-Kamera, vorzugsweise basierend auf dem PMD-Pinzip in einem Gehäuse und durch Auslegung der Objektive der beiden Kameras und der Strahlführungsoptik der aktiven Beleuchtung auf Öffnungswinkel größer 90° lässt sich insbesondere für einen Nahbereich eine sichere und zuverlässige Überwachungskamera realisieren. Die Sicherheit und die Detektionswahrscheinlichkeit von Objekten ist gegenüber herkömmlichen Videokameras deutlich verbessert. Die 3D-Kamera überwacht das Umfeld, indem die Szenerie mit moduliertem Infrarotlicht ausgeleuchtet wird und auf Basis von Fotomischdetektoren daraus 3D-Abstandsinformationen der Umgebung gewonnen werden. Die 2D-Kamera dagegen nutzt unmoduliertes Umgebungslicht, beispielsweise natürliches Tageslicht bzw. Scheinwerferlicht von Fahrzeugen, um daraus auf Basis von CMOS-Imager-Chips ein Abbild der Umgebung ohne Entfernungsinformationen zu generieren. Insbesondere für Kamerasysteme, welche nach SIL zertifiziert werden sollen, wird durch diese Diversität eine Grundlage geschaffen, Objekte im Nahbereich sicher zu detektieren. Ferner kann durch Querplausibilisierung der Ausfall eines Systems zuverlässig erkannt werden.By integration of a 2D camera, preferably based on a CMOS imager chip and a 3D camera, preferably based on the PMD principle in a housing and by designing the lenses of the two cameras and the beam guiding optics of the active illumination at an opening angle greater than 90 In particular, a safe and reliable surveillance camera can be realized for a close range. The security and detection probability of objects is significantly improved over conventional video cameras. The 3D camera monitors the environment by illuminating the scene with modulated infrared light and using it to obtain 3D spatial proximity information based on photo-blending detectors. In contrast, the 2D camera uses unmodulated ambient light, for example natural daylight or headlight light from vehicles, in order to generate an image of the environment without distance information on the basis of CMOS imager chips. In particular for camera systems which are to be certified to SIL, this diversity creates a basis for reliably detecting objects in the vicinity. Furthermore, the failure of a system can be reliably detected by Querplausibilisierung.
Die vorgeschlagene kompakte Bauform ist insbesondere für Außenraumanwendung geeignet, und sollte dann mindestens die Schutzklasse IP65 erfüllen.The proposed compact design is particularly suitable for outdoor use, and should then meet at least the protection class IP65.
Die aktive Beleuchtung der 3D-Kamera ist vorzugsweise so ausgelegt, dass der Erfassungsbereich der 3D-Kamera genau ausgeleuchtet wird. In
Eine derartige Anordnung ist beispielhaft in
In
Dieser modulartige Aufbau hat den Vorteil, dass beispielsweise für ein gegebenes Kamerasystem die Anzahl der Beleuchtungsmodule frei variiert werden kann. Insbesondere kann es auch vorgesehen sein, mehr als zwei Beleuchtungsmodule einzusetzen. Durch den Einsatz einer Vielzahl von Beleuchtungsmodulen ist es möglich, den Erfassungsbereich sehr individuell auszuleuchten. Insbesondere ist es möglich, die Geometrie des Beleuchtungsbereichs ΩS exakter an die Geometrie des Erfassungsbereiches ΩE anzupassen, ohne dass hierzu eine aufwendige Optimierung der Strahlführungsoptiken der einzelnen Lichtquellen zwingend notwendig ist. Der modulartige Aufbau hat ferner den Vorteil, dass die Elektronik der beiden Kameras besser von der Abwärme der Beleuchtungseinheiten geschützt werden kann.This modular structure has the advantage that, for example, for a given camera system, the number of lighting modules can be varied freely. In particular, it may also be provided to use more than two lighting modules. By using a variety of lighting modules, it is possible to illuminate the detection area very individually. In particular, it is possible to adapt the geometry of the illumination area Ω S more precisely to the geometry of the detection area Ω E , without the need for elaborate optimization of the beam guiding optics of the individual light sources. The modular structure also has the advantage that the electronics of the two cameras can be better protected from the waste heat of the lighting units.
Des Weiteren lassen sich durch entsprechend geformte Strahlführungsoptiken bzw. durch eine entsprechende Ausrichtung der Beleuchtungsmodule die Intensitätsverteilung innerhalb des Beleuchtungsbereiches einstellen. So ist es beispielsweise möglich, dass im Zentralbereich des Erfassungsbereichs mehrere Lichtkegel verschiedener Beleuchtungsmodule überschneiden, um dort die Lichtintensität zu erhöhen, um beispielsweise die Zuverlässigkeit der Objekterkennung in diesem Bereich zu verbessern.Furthermore, the intensity distribution within the illumination range can be adjusted by correspondingly shaped beam guiding optics or by a corresponding orientation of the illumination modules. Thus, for example, it is possible that in the central area of the detection area, multiple light cones of different illumination modules overlap in order to increase the light intensity in order, for example, to improve the reliability of the object recognition in this area.
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
- 11
- Überwachungskamera, gemeinsame BaueinheitSecurity camera, common unit
- 100100
- Sendeeinheit, aktive Beleuchtung, BeleuchtungsmodulSending unit, active lighting, lighting module
- 200200
- Empfangseinheit, 3D-KameraReceiving unit, 3D camera
- 300300
- 2D-Kamera2D camera
- 5050
- StrahlformungsoptikBeam shaping optics
- 1515
- Fotosensorphotosensor
- 18 18
- Modulatormodulator
- 1212
- Lichtquellelight source
- 55
- Kameragehäusecamera housing
- 105105
- BeleuchtungsmodulgehäuseLighting module housing
- 510510
- Erster ÜberwachungsbereichFirst surveillance area
- 520520
- Zweiter ÜberwachungsbereichSecond surveillance area
- 530530
- Dritter ÜberwachungsbereichThird surveillance area
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- US 2007/0201859 A1 [0002] US 2007/0201859 A1 [0002]
- DE 19635932 [0003] DE 19635932 [0003]
- EP 1777747 [0003] EP 1777747 [0003]
- EP 1009984 [0003] EP 1009984 [0003]
- US 6587186 [0003] US 6587186 [0003]
- DE 19704496 [0003, 0023] DE 19704496 [0003, 0023]
- DE 202004014778 U1 [0004, 0026] DE 202004014778 U1 [0004, 0026]
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
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DE102009045555A DE102009045555A1 (en) | 2009-10-12 | 2009-10-12 | Security camera has three-dimensional camera based on photonic mixer devices, where two-dimensional camera and three-dimensional camera are associated for active illumination |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102009045555A DE102009045555A1 (en) | 2009-10-12 | 2009-10-12 | Security camera has three-dimensional camera based on photonic mixer devices, where two-dimensional camera and three-dimensional camera are associated for active illumination |
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DE102009045555A1 true DE102009045555A1 (en) | 2011-04-14 |
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DE102009045555A Withdrawn DE102009045555A1 (en) | 2009-10-12 | 2009-10-12 | Security camera has three-dimensional camera based on photonic mixer devices, where two-dimensional camera and three-dimensional camera are associated for active illumination |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102012203341A1 (en) | 2011-03-25 | 2012-09-27 | Ifm Electronic Gmbh | Two-dimensional-three-dimensional light for two-dimensional camera and three-dimensional camera, particularly light operating time camera, has two-dimensional light source that provides light to direction for two-dimensional camera |
DE102014009860A1 (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2016-01-07 | Audi Ag | Time-of-flight camera, motor vehicle and method for operating a time-of-flight camera in a motor vehicle |
DE102017107903A1 (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2018-10-18 | Sick Ag | 3D light-time camera and method for acquiring three-dimensional image data |
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US6587186B2 (en) | 2000-06-06 | 2003-07-01 | Canesta, Inc. | CMOS-compatible three-dimensional image sensing using reduced peak energy |
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2009
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DE3244358A1 (en) * | 1982-12-01 | 1984-06-14 | Daimler Benz Ag | DEVICE FOR DETECTING OBSTACLES AS A MANEVERING AID WHEN PARKING OR TURNING A MOTOR VEHICLE |
DE19704496A1 (en) | 1996-09-05 | 1998-03-12 | Rudolf Prof Dr Ing Schwarte | Method and device for determining the phase and / or amplitude information of an electromagnetic wave |
EP1009984A1 (en) | 1996-09-05 | 2000-06-21 | SCHWARTE, Rudolf | Method and device for determining the phase- and/or amplitude data of an electromagnetic wave |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102012203341A1 (en) | 2011-03-25 | 2012-09-27 | Ifm Electronic Gmbh | Two-dimensional-three-dimensional light for two-dimensional camera and three-dimensional camera, particularly light operating time camera, has two-dimensional light source that provides light to direction for two-dimensional camera |
DE102014009860A1 (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2016-01-07 | Audi Ag | Time-of-flight camera, motor vehicle and method for operating a time-of-flight camera in a motor vehicle |
EP3164735B1 (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2021-02-24 | Audi AG | Time-of-flight camera, motor vehicle, and method for operating a time-of-flight camera in a motor vehicle |
DE102017107903A1 (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2018-10-18 | Sick Ag | 3D light-time camera and method for acquiring three-dimensional image data |
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