DE102009031003A1 - Method for selecting e.g. mortar, rounded or squared edge technique and building planning process, for constructing e.g. office, involves incorporating modifications of climate change and/or atmospheric composition - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves incorporating modifications, which are abandoned for a planned usage duration of a building, of climate change and/or atmospheric composition. Climate and atmospheric data are evaluated in combination with weather data to use scenarios as basics for material and/or material concepts. A weather resistant material such as acid resistant plastic and/or natural stones is provided at a building outer side during exposure to atmosphere. Local anisotropy weathering effects are incorporated. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) a method for testing a weather resistance of a construction material (2) a building, building material, building technique and building method.

Description

The The invention relates to weathering resistant construction with regard to the durability challenges that arise from the changing Atmospheric composition and climate change.

at Buildings, building materials, construction methods and construction procedures In principle, the issue of durability. Apart from a few Buildings that are only temporary in nature and whose Construction sometimes even as unproblematic as possible Demolition is thought and thus the durability if at all is of lesser importance, exists in most buildings and building materials interested in the best possible durability.

Are known construction measures that are designed specifically for cold and or heat and or UV radiation resistance. Are well known coatings for concrete, superior glass pannels, measures against smoke and fumes and the like much more. Also known are measures like you, for example Hui and Tang (2005) in "Climatic data for sustainable building design in Hong Kong" or in the research project application EP / F038100 / 1 by Sharples and Kang "Coincident probabilistic climate change weather data for a sustainable build environment". These include climate-efficient use of energy or prevention of weather damage, which should also contribute to sustainability, but in no way reveal how to specifically increase the weathering resistance of the building fabric beyond the historically known extent.

studies and determination of weathering resistance of materials and vote of material with regard to expected weathering to the state of the art. But such studies are based on historical experiences, current weathering processes and material tests with limited experiment duration. Weathering studies which deals with the question of the expected increasing Weathering exposure as a result of global climate and atmospheric change deal with both locally and regionally adapted concrete ones incorporate constructional measures in constructional terms, are apart for protection from coastal erosion and multiplied Extreme betting events unknown. In the coastal erosion or the extreme betting events is related to the reference quantities in principle governing and not anticipating acted and it works too not the weathering resistance but only the mechanical ones Strains with a possible erosion sequence.

Known are weathering processes in themselves. See introductions as in Brinkmann (1984) demolition of geology, especially the chapters "Weathering" and "Chemistry the Earth ", together with further literature, or in Matthes (1987) Mineralogy, especially chapter "B The sedimentary sequence "also together with specified Further literature, which is hereby incorporated as an integral part the description are given. An important factor in known Weathering processes is the CO2 content.

Presently known buildings, construction methods and construction methods do not specifically address durability with respect to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations or other changing atmospheric characteristics. The technical rock science and technical material testing, examine rocks and other building materials, their suitability for construction purposes and resistance to weathering. Dehn et al. (2003) For example, their article "acid-resistant high-performance concretes" deals with concrete formulations and their testing, especially with regard to buildings or parts of buildings with particularly high acid exposure, such as pipes, chimneys, cooling towers, chemical sumps, etc. They also claim that there are only a few previously proven concrete recipes for this question are. Also mortars and cements are being developed with regard to their durability. See for example the patent documents US3957519 . US5989330 . US6749679B2 or the mortar and cement offers of Indiamart, AKB-Chemical or ThemaLock, the latter including further literature described by Justin Chacko (2007) , Occasionally, weathering is addressed unspecifically. Concretely, it is only about special application areas such as chimneys or the internal construction of autoclaves. There are also comprehensive works on renovation, such as the "European renovation calendar 2006", representative of individual presentations "Innovative solutions in dealing with the alkali-silica reaction (AKR) on hydraulic structures" of Kubens et al. and various industry standards such as ASTM C1370-00 for chemical resistance determination of concrete. Technically speaking, only time-limited weathering resistance is discussed here. Autoclaves and chimneys have limited lifetimes, so they need to meet a specific problem. Sustainability for weathering over longer periods is not sought. This is clear when it comes to autoclave only about the internal acid resistance. In a truly sustainable view, the external weathering resistance would also play a role. The skilled person finds no evidence for sustainable consideration of the technical challenge of weathering resistance over periods that go beyond the immediate economic Nutzugsdauer. Also the technical Her There are no known requirements for addressing the CO2-related weathering processes in view of the increasing atmospheric concentrations of this gas or other changing geosphere parameters. As a result, of course, there is no evidence of weather-resistant building specifically to local and specific benefit-cost considerations to vote.

It is therefore the task of creating buildings, building materials, construction methods and construction methods, which are tuned specifically in terms of durability and weathering resistance to the changing atmosphere. Of course, it is not just about CO2 resistance, but also about voting on other changing atmospheric and climate parameters, individually or in combination, such as:
higher temperatures, higher water vapor levels, increase in extreme weather events, higher CO2 levels in the air in precipitation and in the soil, increased erosion due to biological colonization.

weathering speeds can sometimes vary in substance concentrations change exponentially and even if currently only limited Need for action is recognizable, the problems could be tighten at short notice. In the lectures held in 1995 by Prof. dr. William Hay at the University of Colorado in Boulder was about the idea presented that, should be rainfall increase as a result of CO2-triggered temperature-induced increased Evaporation, the silicate rock erosion extremely increase and also the calcium released in turn releases the geosphere would significantly affect the weathering processes to be faster and stronger. Scientific findings thus support the idea that emerges from the atmospheric and climatic changes already now or at least in the near future drastic Need for action signs.

For Sustainable building should have special moods of durability in view of the changing composition of the Atmosphere and the rest at best changing Climatic parameters already take place already now anyway.

Also currently take lichen and moss trimmings on plants, rocks and buildings too. Although it is argued that this is up the improvement in air quality is decreasing, which, of course, as a welcome proof of successful environmental policy, but other influences therefore may not be sufficiently considered. Experiments in greenhouses show a growth improvement at artificially elevated CO2 concentrations. In The Aquaristik is the CO2 fertilization of plants widespread. This is about the growth of higher plants. Strong eutrophication However, like many algae blooms lead to one Increase of the lower organisms. Because ultimately the increase in CO2 in the air equals CO2 eutrophication maybe just the increase in CO2 content disproportionately the growth of lichens and mosses. Lichens and mosses, possibly. Epiphytes, fungi and bacteria (bacteria possibly also because of higher Methane levels) could be due to increasing CO2 levels and humidity significantly accelerated weathering processes contribute. Technical measures based on a weathering resistant Building in the sign of the changing atmosphere composition and the changing climate could be targeted on the altered growth of the named lower plants, Organisms and epiphytes are tuned. Also with this as primary weathering is chemically-biologically known to local acid enrichments, by nature preferably attack basic material. In addition, capillary forces play and the explosive power of growing roots or other organism parts a role in the decomposition of the building fabric.

Theoretically is it possible chemically inert and mechanically resistant Materials such as pure quartz, Widia, iridium, etc. use. Such However, materials are sometimes so expensive and expensive in their extraction in mining or their quantitative availability and high demands on their processability require that only in exceptional cases the use of such materials with a usable one technical and / or economic cost-benefit ratio recognizable in the near future. But also artificial and natural stones are different expensive and processable, so that too here Ratio cost-benefit important for the selection of the material and the nature of the processing.

Of the Use of appropriate suitable known weathering resistant Materials such. As quartzite, granite, basalt or concrete with corrosion resistant Reinforcement (as long as the concrete remains alkaline inside) is known. Not known, however, is the targeted vote of insertion such building materials, whether of natural or technical origin, in terms of durability and weathering resistance the changing atmosphere and the yourself changing climate. Also, not all are necessarily today as durable classified construction materials the changing Conditions of the geosphere have grown.

The object of the invention is therefore not only the already mentioned object to create buildings, building materials, construction methods and construction methods, which are tuned specifically in terms of durability and weathering resistance to the changing atmosphere, but also to find in particular technical solutions that have a needs-based cost-benefit ratio ,

Farther the task turns future developments of the atmosphere to take into account for buildings, building material and construction process an optimized optimized durability over several decades, possibly centuries and beyond guarantee.

The The object of the invention is achieved by methods and products with the Characteristics of the independent claims solved. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

The Building in the context of the invention includes buildings, building materials, Construction methods and construction methods. Under buildings are at this Make a variety of structures understood and include example and not conclusive: office complexes, factories, residential buildings, Bridges, canals, roads, buildings, Buildings for land consolidation, construction measures to secure unstable Terrain, freestanding walls, power plant building. Under construction materials are at this point a variety of building materials understood and include by way of example and not conclusively: facade panels, Structural components, Artificial and natural stone, Roofing, Mortar, Cements, fillers, aggregates, plaster, windows, Doors, sills, frames, panels. Under Construction methods are understood at this point various construction methods and include by way of example and not conclusively: the spatial Design, ie flat roof vs. Pitched roof, rounded vs. angular edges. Under construction methods are at this point various Construction method understood and include by way of example and not conclusively: Planning the building, building on site, testing of building material, choice of building material, logistics the delivery to the construction.

A Embodiment of the invention relates to the selection of building material, Construction methods and construction methods, the changes of the climate and or the atmospheric composition. It is about the material change of the atmosphere, in particular the change of weathering relevant substances, such as CO2 from which forms carbonic acid. While for many buildings today concrete is considered to be adequately durable, it is becoming apparent that in the future the weathering resistant of concrete - at least not specifically on weathering resistance optimized recipes - decreases. Concrete has numerous alkaline Components that are just of deep-acting weakly dissociating Acids such as carbonic acid or some Humic acids are attacked, and in consequence of rising Atmospheric CO2 concentration and / or increased Therefore growth in the future with bacteria, lichens, mosses and epiphytes outdoors no longer unprotected for use in sustainable Building can come. But it does not necessarily have to be CO2. Also industrial or agricultural emissions of sulfuric acid and methane can affect the acid balance. The Colonization with lower and higher organisms and their mechanical and chemical effects, it also just needs to meet to take into account. In the first instance, it is important the atmospheric and climatological development itself to be included in the construction planning. It should be stressed here that it is here not current knowledge about weathering resistance goes. But that's more about the consideration the extrapolation of the atmospheric and climatological Development as a basis for planning.

The Procurement of extrapolation data is not the subject of the invention. These data are used by various institutions such as the IPCC (intragouvernmental panel an climatic change) to the state environmental authorities, the state weather and geological services, numerous universities and research centers and the literature on a large scale and are easily accessible. Uncertainties in forecasting are undoubtedly present. But framework values and orders of magnitude as a viable planning basis are available.

at All construction measures, it is important to note that in the sense an efficient use of resources weathering effects, which are strongly directional, such as particularly strong acidic Precipitation, which is foreseeable only with strong west wind, the weather side more elaborate with weather resistant material shields as a building back. In the rain- and slipstream of roof and local topography, carbonic acid, only secondary locally formed from the CO2 of the air and thus much less weathering effect, as if carbonic acid additionally applied directly over the precipitate.

• – die chemischen bzw. mineralogischen Zusammensetzung der Gesteine. Wichtig dabei ist, dass ein bestimmter Mineralbestand eindeutig den Chemismus vorgibt, umgekehrt aber von dem Chemismus nicht eindeutig auf die Mineralzusammensetzung geschlossen werden kann. Diese Regel der Heteromorphie gilt für alle Gesteine. Es ist hier also ein gewisser Spielraum für Aufwand-Nutzen Abschätzungen und Überlegungen zur benötigen Datengenauigkeit vorhanden. Da sich die Analysetechniken im stetigen Wandel befinden, erübrigt sich hier eine gezielte Empfehlung, ausser eben den bereits angesprochenen sich evtl. lohnenden Effizienzüberlegungen. Im Übrigen gehört der fachgerechte Umgang mit der Heteromorphie zum Stand der Technik. Bei Kunststeinen oder Mörteln bzw. Zementen lässt sich die Zusammensetzung beeinflussen bzw. ist sie frei wählbar. Hier dürften sich bei verwitterungsresistenten Anwendungen in Zukunft zunehmend säurebeständige Zusammensetzungen, z. B. auf Kieselsäurebasis durchsetzen.
• – die kristalline und/oder chemische Homogenität. Hier werden im Regelfall feinkristalline gegenüber grobkristallinen Gefügen hinsichtlich der Verwitterungsresistenz bevorzugt. Tendenziell – auch wenn einzelne Gesteinen individuell davon abweichend beurteilt werden – werden Festgesteine vulkanischer Herkunft gegenüber solchen plutonischer Herkunft, und plutonische Gesteine gegenüber Sedimentgesteinen bevorzugt.
• – Anzeichen tektonischer Beanspruchung. Mechanischer Stress, Klüfte, Risse Faltungsvorgänge und Verwerfungen schwächen das Gestein. Das Fehlen bzw. möglichst geringe tektonische Beanspruchung sind Zeichen erhöhter Verwitterungsresistenz.
• – die Porosität. Beider Porosität schwächt einen zusammenhängende Porosität das Gestein mehr, als vollkommen abgeschlossenen Holräume.
• – den Wassergehalt. Sowohl Kristallwasser als auch freies Wasser fördern den Ionenaustausch. Da ein hoher Zonenaustausch die Verwitterung begünstigt ist ein möglichst niedriger Wassergehalt vorteilhaft.
• – Einen möglichst geringen Anteil verwitterungsinstabiler Komponenten. Gesteine mit hohen Quarzanteilen können dann verwitterungsunbeständig sei wenn leicht verwitternden Bestandteile, z. B. leichtlösliche Glimmer das Gefüge durchdringen und somit erheblich die mechanische und chemische Stabilität verschlechtern. Es gilt also sowohl auf die resistenten als auch auf die weniger resistenten Bestandteile zu achten, und bei der Bewertung eines Gesteins die Verwitterungsbeständig als das Zusammenspiel der Einzelkomponenten gesamthaft zu werten.
• – die Extrapolation von Laborversuchen zur Verwitterungsstabilität über Zeiträume die länger als die Versuchdauer sind
• – dass zur Extrapolation auf historische Beobachtungen zurückgegriffen wird. Hierzu ist ein umfassender Stand der Technik vorhanden.

Relevant to the invention for producing weathering-resistant buildings is naturally the selection of suitable building materials. Selection criteria of artificial stone, mortar and building materials in general include (see also the prior art incorporated by reference):

• - the chemical or mineralogical co composition of the rocks. It is important to note that a certain mineral population clearly dictates the chemistry, but vice versa can not be clearly concluded by the chemistry on the mineral composition. This rule of heteromorphism applies to all rocks. So there is a certain amount of scope for cost-benefit estimates and considerations on the need for data accuracy. Since the analysis techniques are constantly changing, there is no need for a targeted recommendation, except for the possibly already worthwhile efficiency considerations. Incidentally, the proper handling of heteromorphism is state of the art. With artificial stones or mortars or cements, the composition can be influenced or it can be freely selected. Here are likely weathering resistant applications in the future increasingly acid-resistant compositions, eg. B. prevail on silica.
• - the crystalline and / or chemical homogeneity. Here, finely crystalline compared to coarsely crystalline structures are generally preferred in terms of weathering resistance. Tendency - even if individual rocks are judged individually deviating - is preferred solid rocks of volcanic origin to such plutonic origin, and plutonic rocks to sedimentary rocks.
• - signs of tectonic stress. Mechanical stress, fractures, cracks Convulsions and distortions weaken the rock. The absence or lowest possible tectonic stress are signs of increased weathering resistance.
• - the porosity. Porosity weakens a coherent porosity of the rock more than perfectly closed hollows.
• - the water content. Both water of crystallization and free water promote ion exchange. Since a high zone exchange favors the weathering, the lowest possible water content is advantageous.
• - The lowest possible proportion of weathering-unstable components. Rocks with high proportions of quartz can then be weathering-resistant if slightly weathering components, eg. B. easily soluble mica penetrate the structure and thus significantly deteriorate the mechanical and chemical stability. It is therefore important to pay attention to both the resistant and the less resistant components, and to evaluate the evaluation of a rock, the weathering resistant as the interaction of the individual components as a whole.
• - the extrapolation of laboratory tests for weathering stability over periods longer than the test period
• - that extrapolation is based on historical observations. For this purpose, a comprehensive state of the art is available.

object However, the invention is not only the selection but optionally also the production of the just named criteria. It is known, that very smooth surfaces with as low as possible Porosity such. B. of corresponding quartzites sometimes even on the weather side of Mosen not be overgrown. Ergo can be achieved by surface treatments such as grinding or spatulas to increase the weathering resistance in hindsight. Should So you can find a local rough quartzite, can be treat this as just described and thus a local technically achieve very favorable solution in the effort and benefit sense. Of course, other rocks can be natural or artificial origin, as well as mortars and cements treat accordingly. Also, such a measure should be repeated need to be, this is technically much less expensive as classic demolition or concrete renovation measures.

weathering resistance is of course always a relative term, as it is absolutely weather resistant Materials do not exist. That's why it's about the weathering resistance to optimize. In addition to the weathering resistance itself, there are Further optimization criteria such as handling, block sizes, Transportability z. B. the cheap water transport numerous Scandinavian crystalline rock deposits. A Any optimization should therefore include these influences consider.

In order to build weather resistant, as already mentioned, the assessment of the materials to be used is required. In addition to the evaluation parameters just presented, experiments are also available. Such tests are known in technical rock science and technical materials testing. Even if further developments within the scope of the teaching presented here are conceivable, this is less about the experiments themselves. Rather, it is about adapting the test conditions in test series to the changing atmospheric composition and the changing climate in order to test out conditions which, according to scientific scenarios, are very likely to be expected over the desired period of stability. In addition, targeted experiments on the weathering effects of various organisms, which, as already mentioned, are already showing a significant increase, should be used in case of need, ie with increased CO2, methane or moisture exposure. Through such experiments and a conservative careful interpretation of the results, it should be possible even over very long periods of time, even many generations, to be weather resistant and value- and substance-sustaining to build. The conser A vative interpretation of the tests is also a part of the solution to anticipate the weathering resistance, because CO2 sinks, natural PH buffers and the like are more technically detectable only on the order of magnitude.

The The invention relates not only to planning and material selection and procurement. The invention also includes buildings constructed therewith and buildings that are structurally, so z. B. by attaching a weather-resistant material on exposed outside, Walls made of weather-resistant natural or artificial stone, acid mortars and cements, form-fitting fastening of weatherproof Building material without weathering-prone fasteners or rounded corners.

For the purpose of Illustratively follows an explanation according to the invention Weathering resistant building in Northern Germany: Starting from the existing climate and geosphere development forecasts (eg from IPCC, climate and weather research institutions) it will be warmer and wetter in northern Germany and the CO2 levels probably over the next few decades 500 ppm increase. Of course, the forecasts are with great uncertainties but fraught with a conservative interpretation of weathering resistance of a building it is recommended anyway of unfavorable Assumptions. Should the climate be cheaper than expected one would develop an even higher weathering resistance and thus achieve durability. Currently in northern Germany the building exterior is often bricked. there show the bricks sometimes even after a few years weathering Efflorescence, often on salt transport from the inside going back to the outside of the stone. Ergo for future buildings that are durable and low maintenance should be designed as weather resistant the use of more resistant building materials is appropriate. by virtue of the cheap transport by ship and the proximity offers the use southern Swedish crystalline sour rocks, in particular Granites and acid migmatites. Depending on the technical cost-benefit ratio would at least the outside with corresponding rock slabs provided, with the attachment to other parts of the building preferably by appropriate formations on the rock plates even done. In addition, external rock plates are preferred ventilated, as northern Germany also in global warming will remain humid. In an arid climate, however, is the rear ventilation less important, as the weathering effect is weakly disziering Acids such as CO2 in a dry environment significantly weaker is. Should be insufficient data on weathering resistance the rocks in question are, if appropriate Try to perform with the rocks in question. Rock samples would then contain high levels of carbonic acid at, changing temperatures, even to below freezing, changing mostly high humidity levels up to occasionally exposed to complete dehydration. By the higher ones Acid concentrations and the faster than in nature changing Temperature and humidity cycles become the relative weathering resistance determined the respective rocks.

The Invention allows relative improvement or optimization weathering resistance among others due to the disclosed Stability rating of the specified materials and the technically constructive arrangement of the same. The invention is limited of course not only on the first construction, but can also be used both when retrofitting of buildings as well as in the case of renovation.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 038100/1 F [0003]
• US 3957519 [0006]
• US 5989330 [0006]
• US Pat. No. 6,749,679 B2 [0006]

Cited non-patent literature

• - Hui and Tang (2005) in "Climatic data for sustainable building design in Hong Kong" [0003]
• Dehn et al. (2003) [0006]
• - Justin Chacko (2007) [0006]
• - Kubens et al. [0006]
• ASTM C1370-00 [0006]

Claims (16)

Method for selecting building material, construction methods and construction methods, characterized in that they are taken into account in the selection thereof, changes in the climate and / or the atmosphere composition. Method of selecting building material, construction methods and construction method, characterized in that for the planned useful life of a building foreseeable changes of the climate and / or atmospheric composition, in particular scientific climate and atmospheric data in combination with weathering studies are evaluated to the resulting scenarios as the basis for the Construction and or material design to use. Method for selecting building material, construction methods and construction methods, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized that to increase the weathering resistance with increasing acid exposure, acid-resistant artificial and natural stones such as Quartzite, in particular provided on at least one building outside be, preferably such that any local anisotropic weathering be taken into account in the construction. Method for selecting building material, construction methods and construction methods, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized that in the selection of art natural stones, mortars as well Building materials in general, these by reference and / or - of the chemical or mineralogical composition of the rocks - of the crystalline and / or chemical homogeneity - of the Signs of tectonic stress, such as crevices or cracks - of the porosity - the water content - if possible low proportion of weathering-unstable components - of the Extrapolation of laboratory tests for weathering stability over Periods longer than the trial period he follows, preferably each - at the chemical or Mineralogical composition in particular the content of silica as rated weathering resistant - at homogeneity preferably a high homogeneity as advantageous is rated for a high weathering resistance, in particular fine-crystalline structure compared to coarser crystalline structures are preferred - the Lack of or as few signs of tectonic Stress as beneficial for a high weathering resistance is valued - the lowest possible porosity considered advantageous for a high weathering resistance becomes - the lowest possible water content considered advantageous for a high weathering resistance becomes - for extrapolation to historical observations is used Method for selecting building material, construction methods and construction methods, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that to optimize technical effort vs. technical benefits the Selection of building materials, construction methods and construction methods, not just the Weathering resistance per se but also the local availability, in particular mining and / or transport and or processing effort in the selection of building material, Bauweisen- and / or Bauverfahrensauswahl flow, so it is not just about the absolute higher of the weathering resistance, and, where appropriate, local, chemical, mineralogical and weathering clarifications for individual Rock deposits are to be made. Method for testing the weathering resistance of building material characterized in that foreseeable changes in the climate and or the atmospheric composition at least a test, preferably several change scenarios in several tests to a test series, preferably at the tests and / or - Exposures of the test material to various consistently across the present Values of weakly dissociating acids be performed and evaluated, preferably at elevated and or CO2, methane, water vapor, and other greenhouse gas concentrations - Exposures of the test material over different over the present values of colonization with lower ones and higher organisms such as bacteria, lichens, mosses and epiphytes are performed and evaluated, preferably at elevated and or CO2, methane, water vapor, and further greenhouse gas concentrations. Building characterized in that it is under application at least one of the methods according to one of the preceding claims planned and / or created. Buildings, building materials, construction methods and construction methods, characterized in that foreseeable changes in the climate and / or the atmosphere composition are taken into account that a weathering resistant material on at least on one of the weathering exposed outside, no foreign or mounting body with has lower weathering resistance at least in the weathering region, preferably monolithic, preferably any attachment and connection by appropriate shaping of the weathering resistant material itself, for example via tongue and groove joints, projections and recesses in quartzite plates and preferably any applied mortar or cements are acid resistant as possible , Building, according to one of claims 7 to 8 thereby characterized in that when aspired high weathering resistance at least at exposed sites metamorphic quartzite, at less high target weathering resistance fine grained acid volcanics up to the basalt, and with further decreasing desired weathering resistance acidic Plutonite and metamorphic rocks are used. Building according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized characterized in that used rocks as little as possible weathering-resistant phyllosilicates such. For example, mica contain and existing phyllosilicates as fine as possible crystalline are used around the summary weathering resistance of one Minimize rock as little as possible. Building according to one of claims 7 to 10 characterized characterized in that the building material partially or completely surface treated and the surface treatment is preferably a reduction porosity and or a smoother surface has created, for example, created and or filled. Building according to one of claims 7 to 11 characterized characterized in that various building materials, especially stones and mortar as equal as possible are weathering resistant, so for example quartzite with a possible sour mortar or cement are connected, accordingly less acidic rocks with correspondingly less acidic mortar or cement combined. Building according to one of claims 7-12 characterized by the weather-exposed outside inside, the weathering resistance test considers material of the Building is arranged to the utmost and the weathering resistance of the material used decreases inwards. Building according to one of claims 7-12 characterized in that from outside to inside material with as possible same weathering resistance is provided. Building according to one of claims 7-14 characterized in that it consists essentially of a single material consists of any support structures, connecting and fastening elements consist of the same or different material. Building according to one of claims 7-15 characterized characterized in that components, in particular externally arranged Rock plates, be ventilated or ventilated.