DE102009030820A1 - Method for influencing sound pattern of internal combustion engine of vehicle, involves generating detuning of combustion of cylinder with respect to one or more combustions of other cylinder of internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves generating a detuning of combustion of a cylinder with respect to one or more combustions of the other cylinder of the internal combustion engine. A detuning of a cylinder leads to production of an additional arrangement, where the detuning produces an arrangement in a sound pattern of the internal combustion engine. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) a simulator for a sound pattern of an internal combustion engine; (2) a vehicle with an internal combustion engine; and (3) a sound library of sound samples of a vehicle.

Description

The The present invention relates to a method for influencing a Sound pattern of an internal combustion engine, a vehicle with a Internal combustion engine with an adjustable sound pattern as well a simulation of a sound pattern of an internal combustion engine.

The noise behavior of vehicles is a perpetual starting point for developments, since on the one hand environmental regulations promote a reduction of emissions, on the other hand the user of a vehicle wants specific sound profiles. For example, from the DE 10 2006 003 400 A1 A method of controlling noise and vibration in a vehicle is known wherein an operating point of a drive train is adjusted and a constant transmission output power is maintained to reduce noise and vibration. From the DE 10 2005 060 064 A1 In turn, a method and a system for active noise influencing, wherein a characteristic of a noise source reference variable is used to generate about this and the generation of a reference signal via an actuator compensation sound to interfere with a noise. From the DE 10 2006 035 877 A1 For a spark-ignition engine, a knock detection system emerges. The knocking can also interfere with engine noise. To avoid knocking, a module assembly is provided over which an ignition timing of the engine should be based on a knock intensity. From the DE 10 2006 001 374 A1 goes out a control or regulation of an internal combustion engine, which should relate in particular to a direct-injection internal combustion engine. The control is intended to adjust a combustion position variable characterizing the combustion position to a desired value. The control or regulation should continue to influence a noise characterizing the noise of the engine by means of a control variable. With this system, it should be possible to avoid erratic patterns with respect to a noise, as they may occur, for example, in transient operation. Therefore, in the DE 10 2006 001 374 A1 proposed that a controller for a noise size should not act on a separate manipulated variable, but that an output signal of the manipulated variable for correcting a combustion position controller is used. A noise controller should inter alia also be able to intervene on a pre-injection quantity via a combustion position controller. A noise emission is determined according to DE 10 2006 001 374 A1 be obtained from different input variables and different methods. For example, different characteristics are to be obtained via a combustion chamber pressure, which are used as the actual value for a noise emission. A structure-borne sound sensor with its values could also be included in a calculation of the quantities which are to characterize the noise emission.

task The present invention is an internal combustion engine to allow for a targeted change the noise emission is enabled, for example in a 4-cylinder a full sound similar to that of a 6-cylinder or to produce 8-cylinder V-engine.

These The object is achieved by a method having the features of the claim 1, with a vehicle having the features of claim 15 and with a Simulation solved with the features of claim 22. Further advantageous embodiments and further developments are in the respective subclaims.

It is a method for influencing a sound pattern of an internal combustion engine, having a plurality of cylinders, proposed in which by a Detuning, in particular predeterminable detuning, of a combustion a cylinder against one or more burns the other cylinder of the internal combustion engine a sound characteristic is deliberately changed.

Of the Sound impression of an internal combustion engine, especially in the vehicle interior is determined by the motor orders generated by the engine. A Engine order is defined by the number of events per crankshaft revolution. Thus, an event occurs once per crankshaft revolution on, this corresponds to the 1st engine order. Leave a motor order associate with the speed of a given frequency. That means that through additional orders in the Noise and vibration signal of the engine additional Frequencies are included, resulting in a different sound impression. For 4-cylinder 4-stroke engines, for example, the 2nd engine order most pronounced since per crankshaft revolution each combustion takes place in two cylinders.

By, for example, non-equidistant cylinder pressure curves of different cylinders additional engine orders are generated. 4-cylinder 4-stroke engines, for example, whose cylinders each exactly 180 degrees crank angle have an identical combustion, generate exactly the 2nd engine order and because of the crankshaft kinematics also the upper harmonic, that means the 4th, 6th, .. .-engine order. If, however, for example, the cylinder pressure curves of cylinder-3 and cylinder-2 each shifted by 5 degrees crank angle, in addition to the 4-cylinder typical Ord voltages, that means, the 2nd-; 4.-; 6.-; ... order, odd integer orders, namely 1.-, 3.-, 5.-, ...- orders, as can be seen in the following figures. If, on the other hand, for example, the pressure curves of cylinder-3 are shifted by 5 degrees in the direction of "late" and those of cylinder-4 by 5 degrees in the direction of "early," additional half orders are created. Basically, the greater the temporal shift of the pressure curves, the stronger the additional orders are emphasized.

A Such generation of additional engine orders should hereinafter referred to as detuning. The ones described above temporal shifts to early as well as late a single, two or more, especially all cylinders concern the internal combustion engine. A generation at least an additional frequency in addition to an existing fundamental the sound pattern of the internal combustion engine in a same Working cycle can be specified. So can at least one cylinder late and a second cylinder adjusted to early become. The detuning thus takes place, in particular, on the cylinders and their respective setting in a firing pass. When Firing pass is to be understood here as a firing order once passed through the cylinder of the internal combustion engine, included any misfires, for example due of one or more cylinder deactivations. Under firing is in this case a spark ignition as well as a self-ignition to understand, so that internal combustion engines after the Otto principle as well as working on the diesel principle.

It is preferred that with respect to the internal combustion engine, an order pattern is detected. An analysis of an order pattern is carried out here by a corresponding analysis in which a pattern can be adjusted based on the different orders in each case under different operating conditions of the same engine. For example, an analytical methodology can be used as it is from the article "Method for the Analysis and Evaluation of Diesel Noise", Markus Boden, Ralf Heinrichs, DAGA 2005 , shows. This article is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. For example, an investigation of a noise development of an internal combustion engine that can be placed on audible emissions, besides an investigation of the mechanical noise generated by the internal combustion engine and the noise of modules arranged on and driven by the internal combustion engine, also includes a study of a combustion characteristic noise development. Here, the combustion noise component is, for example, divisible into those noises, which are composed on the one hand by indirect combustion noise, intake as well as exhaust noise, on the other hand from the noise generated during combustion itself. The method proposed here makes it possible in particular to focus on the actual combustion noise. This allows a special adaptation of the sound pattern by changing the combustion processes in a cylinder compared to a set combustion sequence in an adjacent cylinder of the internal combustion engine. Thereby, a vote of the emitted emissions is achieved, which are preferably visible in the formation of additional orders in the analysis of the internal combustion engine.

By the possibility of detuning each individual cylinder and any combination are many different, preferred order combinations that can be specified for a wide variety of operating points possible.

A Continuation provides that a detuning of a cylinder too a shift of an existing frequency to an additional frequency leads. It is assumed that every cylinder in the Frame of firing order as a local source of noise emission acts. The mood changes the time as well as the level of a noise emission. This leads due to, for example, repetition of such detuning in addition to being able to locate a repeatable frequency, for example becomes. As part of a superposition of different generated Frequencies of the individual cylinders arises opposite a sound pattern without detuning a single cylinder less harmonious sound pattern, but one over the detuning adjustable specific sound.

Preferably a detuning is generated such that from a frequency composition in an analysis of the internal combustion engine shows that in addition to the Multiples of a basic order an additional order occurs that arrange between a multiple of the fundamental order is. Their intensity can be the same, but also different to be that of the fundamental order.

Preferably, it is provided that detuning produces a 1 / nth order in a sound pattern of the internal combustion engine, where n indicates an integer. Another embodiment provides that the detuning takes place by a whole or half order. In this way, for example, a tone color can be produced, which gives rise to the impression due to the number of sub-frequencies and their respective amplitude ratios, a special sound of another Ren internal combustion engine to have available

For example settles in such a way in the human hearing set a frequency weighting curve that is relevant to each Sound pressure level of different frequencies below a pain threshold and in particular below a permissible noise emission Variety of different sound pressure levels of different frequencies allows, although the internal combustion engine in the same Operating point is operated. An embodiment sees, for example that in at least one frequency range by means of detuning an elevation of a level existing or educated Frequencies or orders with respect to other frequencies or Orders and their respective levels takes place. For example, can an intensity and an additional generation Order to be regulated. So can for an operating point a selection program that allows the user to set, which sound characteristic the internal combustion engine have should. The regulation then makes it possible, depending on the user's choice different sound patterns can be adjusted, also in the same operating point.

A further embodiment, which is also independent of the above Thought is considered, provides that one on a combustion position acting control of an internal combustion engine the combustion position of a single cylinder opposite that of an adjacent cylinder to change a sound emission the internal combustion engine by generating at least one additional order changes. This way exists the ability to target the main source of a sound pattern to enter an internal combustion engine: The in and by the Cylinder generated emission can be adjusted so that a special interfering single sound pattern to an overall sound pattern the combustion force pattern that is specifically designed to which can be predefinable, can be adjusted. For example is provided that a variation of a combustion pressure curve in a cylinder, the sound pattern of the internal combustion engine affected. A combustion pressure in a cylinder can be detuned what that revelation means is its location cylinders adjacent to combustion pressures in the same work cycle of a combustion cycle to achieve a special emission is changed. Also exists the possibility that, by the action of an injection control, in particular a corresponding control module, via a Ignition or injection timing and / or via a Injection course by means of, for example, continuous, clocked, Multiple, pre- and / or post-injection a corresponding detuning is exerted in a cylinder opposite to the other cylinders.

Next There is also the possibility of a regulation Provide control to adjust by means of a detuning is. A controller has the advantage that, for example, over a map specification on activation without further consideration of additional parameters or their impact immediate change of a combustion position allows can be.

One Another advantage of the proposed method is that in addition to a reduction of a noise of an internal combustion engine above all, a specific influence on a sound pattern to a sporty driving behavior is made possible. Preferably this can be provided for a diesel internal combustion engine However, also used in a gasoline combustion engine become. In particular, the method also allows a to produce a characteristic sound pattern. For example provided for this purpose, for example, in the transient Range, especially during acceleration, detuning one of the cylinders is designed such that the resulting sound patterns independent of each operating point each other in terms of generated orders. A level can in each case differ from each other, but are preferably the corresponding frequencies of the orders and in particular the detuned additional order equivalent to each other. In this way it is possible, for example, independently to be able to produce a sound characteristic from the operating point, which is a recurring and especially recognizable pattern for human hearing.

With regard to the characteristic, it should be further considered here that in addition to the generation of sound waves which can be picked up for the ear, there is also a generation of structure-borne noise by the internal combustion engine. In this case, the method can also be used to account for a coupling of structure-borne noise and sound transmitted through the air. Preferably, the method is designed such that at least two sound patterns can be taken into account in the detuning: On the one hand, the sound pattern, which can be perceived by a user of the internal combustion engine, in particular an operator of a vehicle, and the sound pattern that perceives an out-of-vehicle observer. A further development provides that the method for influencing the sound pattern checks whether there is a frequency, intensity and / or order spectrum characterized as an interior sound pattern, as well as a frequency, in-exterior sound pattern Tensitäts- or order spectrum is achieved. It is possible in particular in a development that they are compared with each other to achieve a Ver mood and thus a respective sound pattern that meets both requirements for inside and outside. In addition, a development takes into account where an outside observer is in relation to the internal combustion engine, in particular whether it is in front, behind or to the side. In addition to the sound pattern, if a radiation characteristic of the internal combustion engine or of the vehicle is known, the respective level in different sectors around the vehicle may also be excited differently. This can take into account that the internal combustion engine is encapsulated in a vehicle. By appropriate consideration of, for example, such encapsulation and / or a sound transmitting conductor, such as the combustion string, an additional factor can be incorporated into the process. For example, it may be provided that a higher level is to be maintained in front of a vehicle than behind the vehicle. In this way, a warning function for observers located in front of the vehicle can be made possible by appropriate detuning.

A Further embodiment of the method provides that at least one characterizing a sound emission of the internal combustion engine Parameter is recorded and evaluated to about it to get upset. Especially in a closed Control loop can be monitored via one or more parameters be whether a set detuning of one or more cylinders the desired sound pattern results, in particular whether in shape of supervised orders of a radiated sound pattern For example, as a target value by the controlled variable has been met. In addition, allows the inclusion of one or more parameters that an adaptation is possible. For example, it is not possible all operating environments of the internal combustion engine and in particular to be able to predict a vehicle and to have it reflected in a pattern. influence but on the sound pattern of an internal combustion engine in a superimposed The background noise of a vehicle, for example, have different Tire characteristics, resulting from different tires, Tire wear rates, tire sizes, such as but also aerodynamic influences like different ones Attachments or possible additional modifications. Also, for example when using a diesel internal combustion engine in a towing vehicle the vehicle to be pulled also has an effect on the have to be issued emission spectrum. This can be direct or indirect for example by influencing the transient behavior of the Internal combustion engine express itself. By an appropriate Adaptation can, for example, to such different conditions be reacted by the control or regulation. For example becomes appropriate for different companions different adjustment of the cylinder adapted for example at different producible torques or different Load moments at desired same acceleration allows. In this way, there is a possibility that the procedure used for a larger passenger cars is, especially when called "Sport Utility Vehicle" (SUV) designated vehicles. On the other hand, however, there is also the Possibility of use in commercial vehicles, in particular in trucks. Another application allows the Use in sports cars, in particular sports cars with diesel internal combustion engines. When accelerating from lower speeds to higher ones Speeds can be through a corresponding detuning a sound design which gives the impression of a sportsman in the case of an observer but at the same time allows pleasant sounds.

To generate an example of a sporty sound impression, it is preferred that detuning combustion of individual cylinders takes place in any order. This is preferably made possible by using a cylinder pressure control, in particular combustion position control, so that preferably a wide variety of noise images or sound patterns are generated with one and the same base engine. A targeted setting of a combustion and thus generating a detuning and eliciting an additional order on a cylinder is, for example, from the DE 10 2006 058 539 A1 out. There, a desired pressure increase rate via a corresponding filling of the cylinder is allowed via a combustion control system by means of an electronic engine control unit via a recorded pressure in a combustion cylinder. More cylinder pressure controls, injection control or combustion regulations go from the WO 2007/115630 , of the DE 10 2007 013 119 and the DE 10 2007 012 604 in the context of this disclosure in detail, in each case with respect to the use for detuning at least one cylinder relative to the other cylinders completely reference is made.

A refinement provides that a detuning is produced by a change in a course of an internal cylinder pressure in a cylinder of the internal combustion engine. A further embodiment provides that a detuning of different cylinders takes place during different working cycles, preferably when successive the work cycles. As a result, in particular, a rhythmic detuning can be adjusted by different cylinders being detuned successively during successive working cycles. Here, the firing order can be exploited, which can also exploit a characteristic temporal component with respect to the different firing times of the different cylinders.

• – Ein Druckanstieg, insbesondere ein maximaler Druckanstieg in einem Zylinder, beispielsweise gemessen mittels eines in der Zylinderoberwand angebrachten Drucksensors; mittels des maximalen Druckanstiegs wird beispielsweise eine Beeinflussung des Klangmusters erzielt;
• – Ein Verbrennungsschwerpunkt;
• – Ein Verbrennungsdruck;
• – Ein Combustion-Sound-Level;

If a closed loop is used for detuning, it is provided according to an embodiment that at least one of the following variables is used as the controlled variable:

• - An increase in pressure, in particular a maximum increase in pressure in a cylinder, for example, measured by means of a mounted in the cylinder top pressure sensor; By means of the maximum increase in pressure, for example, an influence of the sound pattern is achieved;
• - a focus of combustion;
• - a combustion pressure;
• - A Combustion sound level;

• a) Beispielsweise kann durch eine Verschiebung eines Verbrennungsschwerpunktes in einem Zylinder im Vergleich zu einem Verbrennungsschwerpunkt in benachbarten Zylindern das Klangbild des Motors geändert werden. Hierbei kann bezogen auf die Verbrennung bei einem Vier-Zylinder-Motor eine Abfolge der Verbrennung geändert werden. Beispielweise kann diese in der Form von Früh, Spät, Früh, Spät erfolgen. Eine Änderung kann auch durch eine andere Verstellung erzeugt werden. Insbesondere kann dieses in Form einer intermittierenden Verbrennung genutzt werden. Bevorzugt wird dieses zur Erstellung eines für einen Beobachter volleren Klanges genutzt. Auch besteht hierdurch die Möglichkeit, eine andere Motorvariante simulieren zu können als diejenige, die tatsächlich in einem Fahrzeug verbaut ist. Eine Verstimmung nach Früh oder Spät erfolgt bevorzugt in einem Bereich der Verstellung von jeweils 1,5 Grad bis 10 Grad Kurbelwinkel.
• b) Ein Klangmuster kann individuell an einen Bediener eines Fahrzeuges eingestellt werden. Beispielsweise kann durch eine Änderung von einem oder mehreren Soll-Werten eine permanente Änderung in Bezug auf ein Klangmuster der Verbrennungskraftmaschi ne erzeugt werden. Beispielsweise kann somit abweichend von einer Serieneinstellung eine spezielle Soundanpassung für einen individuellen Kunden ermöglicht werden.
• c) Eine weitere Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass ein Klangmuster zum Beispiel bei transienten Vorgängen wie insbesondere einem Beschleunigungsvorgang anders einzustellen ist als bei einer Konstantfahrt. Wird beispielsweise durch eine Frühverstellung eines Verbrennungsschwerpunktes bei Beschleunigung eine Verstimmung erzeugt, kann hierüber ein leistungsfähigerer Motor simuliert werden und eine Beschleunigung akustisch unterstützt werden.
• d) Eine Regelung auf eine oder mehrere Regelgrößen kann beispielsweise die Entstehung eines Verbrennungsgeräusches, insbesondere eines Dieselnagelns direkt beeinflussen. Beispielswiese kann auf diese Weise eine Verbrennung für jede Verbrennungskraftmaschine unabhängig von Serientoleranzen auf jeweils geforderte Größen eingestellt werden. Bevorzugt werden hierfür ein oder mehrere adaptive Kennfelder genutzt, die insbesondere eine individuelle Vorsteuerung für jede Verbrennungskraftmaschine ermöglichen.
• e) Eine Lautstärke, das heißt ein Pegel oder eine Intensität einer Ordnung, kann beispielsweise in Abhängigkeit einer Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit geändert werden. Befindet sich beispielsweise das Fahrzeug in einer langsamen Fahrt, kann eine Pegelgröße, die beispielsweise in Abhängigkeit zur Verbrennung besteht, leiser eingestellt werden gegenüber der Pegelgröße bei einer schnelleren Fahrt. Diese wird dort eher zunehmen.
• f) Eine Lautstärke, das heißt ein Pegel oder eine Intensität einer Ordnung, kann zum Beispiel in Abhängigkeit eines Fahrprofils des Benutzers, insbesondere des Fahrers geändert werden. Beispielsweise kann vorgesehen sein, dass ein Ablauf einer Verbrennung leise eingestellt wird für den Fall, dass der Bediener eine ruhige Fahrweise wählt, während bei einer sportlichen Fahrweise ein eher lauteres Verbrennungsgeräusch zugelassen wird. Beispielsweise kann ein Fahrprofil eines Benutzers durch eine Klassierung der Fahrzustände abgeschätzt werden. Hierzu ist beispielsweise eine entsprechende Auswertevorrichtung mit entsprechender Speicherung im Fahrzeug vorgesehen.
• g) Eine Kalibrierung bzw. ein Verifikationsaufwand des Fahrzeuges kann speziell auf Wünsche eingestellt werden, wobei durch eine Adaption es ausreichend sein kann, eine Voreinstellung als Auslieferungszustand vorzusehen, während eine genauere Soundeinstellung durch den einzelnen Benutzer und sein Fahrprofil erst erfolgt.
• h) Eine Verstimmung kann insbesondere derart eingestellt werden, dass das dadurch hervorgerufene Klangmuster beispielsweise bei einer Dieselverbrennungskraftmaschine einen speziellen Eindruck beim Beobachter erweckt. So kann beispielsweise für ein Sportfahrzeug eine sportliche Assoziation geweckt werden, während beispielsweise für eine Limousine ein anderes Klangmuster gewählt wird. Insbesondere ermöglicht dieses, zwischen beiden spezifischen Arten, nämlich Sportfahrzeug und Limousine, bei gleichem Fahrzeug und gleicher Verbrennungskraftmaschine wählen zu können.
• i) Darüber hinaus besteht die Möglichkeit, eine Emission eines Klangmusters im Betrieb derart anzupassen, dass darüber beispielsweise unterschiedliche gesetzliche Grenzwerte oder andere Vorgaben eingehalten werden können. Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung können dieses in verschiedenen Ländern unterschiedliche Grenzwerte sein und das System ist in der Lage, entsprechend bei Überschreitung einer Landesgrenze reagieren zu können. Beispielsweise ist ebenfalls vorgesehen, dass eine Ortsbestimmung vorgesehen ist, mittels der eine Position des Fahrzeug detektierbar ist. Dieses kann mit einem Kartensystem gekoppelt sein, in dem beispielsweise auch Vorschriften der Straßenverkehrsordnung mit hinterlegbar sind. Wird beispielsweise festgestellt, dass das Fahrzeug sich in einer Ruhezone einer Stadt befindet, kann beispielsweise das Klangmuster so verändert werden, dass die vom Fahrzeug abstrahlenden Emissionen die gesetzlichen Vorgaben für eine derartige Ruhezone erfüllen. Auch kann ein Klangmuster gewählt werden, das bei einem Beobachter weniger aggressiv wirkt gegenüber einem Klangmuster, wie es beispielsweise bei einer Beschleunigung gewählt wird. Insbesondere kann über eine Ortsbestimmung, beispielsweise über ein GPS-Signal und einer entsprechenden Hinterlegung von Karten, ein derartiger Vorgang automatisch erfolgen, ohne dass der Nutzer des Fahrzeuges aktiv hierzu eingreifen muss. Des Weiteren ermöglicht eine derartige Vorgehensweise die Umstellung eines Klangmusters auch angepasst an verschiedene Fahrbahnen. So wird beispielsweise für eine mögliche zügige Fahrweise auf Autobahnen oder Schnellstraßen ein anderes Klangmuster gewählt als beispielsweise in einem Innenstadtbereich oder auf einer Bundesstraße. Des Weiteren besteht die Möglichkeit einer aktiven Kopplung mit einer Verkehrssituationsinformation. Erhält beispielsweise ein entsprechendes Gerät in dem Fahrzeug den Hinweis darauf, dass in einem Streckenabschnitt nur eine gewisse Höchstgeschwindigkeit aufgrund beispielsweise zähfließenden Verkehrs oder sogar wegen Staus möglich ist, kann ebenfalls eine entsprechende Anpassung des Klangmusters und damit der Emissionen ermöglicht werden. Darüber hinaus kann vorgesehen sein, dass die beispielsweise automatisch erstellten Umstellungen eines Klangmusters durch den Benutzer durch eine oder mehrere Anweisungen außer Kraft und ein vom Benutzer gewünschtes Klangmuster erzeugt wird. Auch kann vorgesehen werden, dass dieses nur in gewissen Bereichen möglich ist. So können beispielsweise spezielle verkehrsberuhigte Zonen, Innenstadtbereiche oder ähnliches hiervon ausgeschlossen werden. Eine weitere Anpassung, insbesondere aufgrund einer örtlichen Information wird vorzugsweise bei Nutzfahrzeugen wie schweren LKWs oder ähnlichem Gerät, aber auch Baustellenfahrzeugen oder sonstigem gewählt. Da oftmals auf Durchgangsstraßen eine hohe Lärmbeeinträchtigung durch derartige Fahrzeuge wahrgenommen wird, besteht die Möglichkeit, in derartigen Passagen eine Geräuschemission durch eine entsprechende Anpassung eines Klangmusters so zu verändern, dass ein störender Eindruck verringert wird. Insbesondere kann hierdurch ein Emissionspegel der Verbrennungskraftmaschine bzw. des Fahrzeuges angepasst und insbesondere verringert werden. Eine weitere Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass beispielsweise auch zeitabhängig ein unterschiedliches Klangmuster auswählbar ist. So kann beispielsweise insbesondere zu Nachtzeiten und in Innenstadtbereichen ein anderes Klangmuster gewählt werden als dieses beispielsweise tagsüber erfolgt. Eine derartige, betreffend abgestrahlter Emissionen als Schleichbetrieb einzustufende Fahrweise kann automatisiert eingestellt werden. Hierbei kann insbesondere ebenfalls vorgesehen sein, dass dieses unter etwas höherem Treibstoffverbrauch erfolgt.

By means of a closed loop, for example, a sound design can be provided. A change of the sound pattern can in particular be carried out in various ways. In the following, different examples are given, which can also be combined with one another:

• a) For example, by shifting a combustion center in a cylinder compared to a combustion center in adjacent cylinders, the sound image of the engine can be changed. Here, based on the combustion in a four-cylinder engine, a sequence of combustion can be changed. For example, this can take the form of early, late, early, late. A change can also be generated by another adjustment. In particular, this can be used in the form of intermittent combustion. Preferably, this is used to create a fuller for an observer sound. This also makes it possible to simulate a different engine variant than the one that is actually installed in a vehicle. A detuning after early or late is preferably carried out in a range of adjustment of each 1.5 degrees to 10 degrees crank angle.
• b) A sound pattern can be individually set to an operator of a vehicle. For example, by changing one or more desired values, a permanent change with respect to a sound pattern of the internal combustion engine may be generated. For example, thus deviating from a series setting, a special sound adjustment for an individual customer can be made possible.
• c) A further embodiment provides that, for example, a sound pattern is to be set differently in the case of transient processes, such as in particular an acceleration process, than in the case of constant driving. If detuning is generated, for example, by an advance adjustment of a combustion center of gravity during acceleration, a more powerful engine can be simulated and an acceleration can be acoustically assisted.
• d) A control to one or more controlled variables, for example, directly affect the formation of combustion noise, in particular a diesel nail. For example, in this way combustion for each internal combustion engine can be adjusted independently of series tolerances to respectively required sizes. For this purpose, one or more adaptive maps are preferably used, which allow in particular an individual pilot control for each internal combustion engine.
• e) A volume, that is, a level or an intensity of an order can be changed, for example, depending on a vehicle speed. For example, if the vehicle is traveling at a slow speed, a level that is, for example, dependent on the combustion, can be set to be quieter than the level of a faster ride. This will increase there rather.
• f) A volume, that is a level or an intensity of an order, can be changed, for example, depending on a driving profile of the user, in particular the driver. For example, it can be provided that a sequence of combustion is set quietly in the event that the operator chooses a quiet driving style, while in a sporty driving style a rather louder combustion noise is allowed. For example, a driving profile of a user can be estimated by a classification of the driving conditions. For this purpose, for example, a corresponding evaluation device is provided with appropriate storage in the vehicle.
• g) A calibration or Verifikationsaufwand of the vehicle can be set specifically to wishes, with an adaptation, it may be sufficient to provide a default setting as delivered, while a more accurate sound setting by the individual user and his driving profile only takes place.
• h) A detuning can in particular be set such that the sound pattern produced thereby, for example in a diesel internal combustion engine, gives a special impression to the observer. For example, for a sports car, a sporting association can be awakened while, for example, a different sound pattern is selected for a sedan. In particular, this allows between the two specific species, namely Sports car and sedan to be able to choose the same vehicle and the same internal combustion engine.
• i) In addition, it is possible to adapt an emission of a sound pattern during operation in such a way that, for example, different legal limit values or other specifications can be complied with. According to one embodiment, these may be different limit values in different countries and the system is able to respond accordingly when crossing a national border. For example, it is also provided that a location determination is provided, by means of which a position of the vehicle is detectable. This can be coupled with a card system in which, for example, regulations of the Highway Code are also stored. For example, if it is determined that the vehicle is in a quiet zone of a city, for example, the sound pattern can be changed so that the radiating from the vehicle emissions meet the legal requirements for such a quiet zone. It is also possible to select a sound pattern that is less aggressive in the case of an observer than a sound pattern, such as that selected during acceleration. In particular, such a procedure can be carried out automatically via a location determination, for example via a GPS signal and a corresponding deposit of cards, without the user of the vehicle having to actively intervene for this purpose. Furthermore, such an approach allows the conversion of a sound pattern adapted to different lanes. For example, a different sound pattern is selected for a possible speedy driving on freeways or highways than, for example, in an inner city area or on a main road. Furthermore, there is the possibility of an active coupling with a traffic situation information. If, for example, a corresponding device in the vehicle receives the indication that only a certain maximum speed is possible in a section due to, for example, slow-moving traffic or even due to congestion, a corresponding adaptation of the sound pattern and thus emissions can also be made possible. In addition, it can be provided that the, for example, automatically created changes of a sound pattern by the user by one or more instructions out of force and a user-desired sound pattern is generated. It can also be provided that this is possible only in certain areas. For example, special low-traffic zones, downtown areas or the like can be excluded. A further adaptation, in particular due to a local information is preferably selected in commercial vehicles such as heavy trucks or similar equipment, but also construction vehicles or other. Since high noise levels are often perceived by such vehicles on thoroughfares, it is possible to change a noise emission in such passages by a corresponding adaptation of a sound pattern so that a disturbing impression is reduced. In particular, as a result, an emission level of the internal combustion engine or the vehicle can be adjusted and in particular reduced. A further embodiment provides that, for example, a different sound pattern can also be selected on a time-dependent basis. Thus, for example, especially at night and in inner city areas, a different sound pattern can be selected than this, for example, takes place during the day. Such, with regard to radiated emissions classified as creep operation can be set automatically. In this case, it may also be provided, in particular, that this takes place with somewhat higher fuel consumption.

• – zumindest einen Sensor zur Aufnahme eines Verbrennungsparameters von zumindest einem Zylinder der Verbrennungskraftmaschine,
• – einen Speicher und eine Soll-Wertvorgabe einer Regelgröße,
• – einen Soll/Ist-Wertvergleich,
• – einen Regelalgorithmus und
• – einen Aktuator

zur Beeinflussung des Klangmusters eines Zylinders auf.According to another idea, a vehicle is proposed with an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders, which are preferably to be operated by means of an auto-ignition of injected fuel. The vehicle has at least one control unit with a stored control of a sound pattern of the internal combustion engine. Furthermore, there is a closed loop for the control of the sound pattern. The control loop points

• At least one sensor for receiving a combustion parameter of at least one cylinder of the internal combustion engine,
• A memory and a desired value of a controlled variable,
• A target / actual value comparison,
• - a control algorithm and
• - an actuator

for influencing the sound pattern of a cylinder.

The Vehicle is capable of at least one or more of the above Functions regarding a sound pattern and its change to be able to execute. Preferably, the internal combustion engine operated with the method described above.

Furthermore, a mode and / or operating range recognition may be present, by means of which the regulation of the sound pattern can be influenced. In particular, can also about this an override of the control done, so that only over a controlled value, the sound pattern is achieved.

Preferably is provided that each cylinder has a sensor which in provides the closed loop with a signal. This can for example be a pressure sensor, preferably in monitoring a Combustion position.

For example is further provided that an injection system of the actuator to control the sound pattern. By influencing for example the injection, its timing, its timing, the injection quantity, the conversion from continuous to discontinuous injection, a pre-injection or post-injection, a distribution of an injection quantity and / or a suspension of an injection becomes an adaptation a sound pattern corresponding to the desired detuning of the cylinder compared to the other cylinders in the same working cycle allows.

About that In addition, it is preferably provided that a on the location of the Vehicle relevant parameters also in the control or control Receive input. As shown above, can refer to the particular location of the vehicle using a special sound pattern Find. A corresponding device for this, in particular also overrides a regulation or this with others Controlling variables, is preferably also included in the vehicle. This can be used, for example take on a navigation system, which already exists in the vehicle is, or is provided as a retrofit kit.

According to one Another idea of the invention is a simulation of a sound pattern proposed an internal combustion engine, wherein a changed Sound pattern of the internal combustion engine through a simulated Generation of an additional order by detuning one of the cylinders of the internal combustion engine can be generated. When Simulation in the sense of the invention is not just a pure computer program, but also the application of the program on a computer and equivalent Understand periphery. In particular, speakers are speakers to be able to understand one who is capable of a vehicle and / or a motor vehicle combustion engine to be simulated to be able to reproduce the corresponding sound pattern in such a way that an observer picks up a sound pattern as if he were next to it the vehicle or next to the internal combustion engine accordingly would stand. By means of simulati on, for example the above method is simulated or the operation of the above Vehicle.

A Continuing the simulation provides that the sound pattern through change a combustion position in a cylinder against at least a combustion position in another cylinder in a same Duty cycle or in a firing cycle is simulated. For this example, the simulation with a sound library be provided. For example, a new sound pattern is used a sound pattern created from the library. This can be considered be that an existing sound pattern is present, at where there is no change in a combustion position. One different sound pattern, in which a targeted change of the Combustion layer in a cylinder was executed also be deposited in the sound library. By overlay these two under possibly, for example, suppression of a Frequency spectrum corresponding to a source in the form of a cylinder can thus simulate a new, changed sound pattern become.

According to one Further training is provided that a construction of at least a part of the internal combustion engine in the simulation storable is and a new sound pattern over use of a deposited Construction is made possible. For example, this can be done generates an acoustic behavior using the construction and / or simulated. This takes into account, for example, that in addition to a sound transmission through the air also a structure-borne sound transmission take place can. In particular, in this way, an influence of a change a geometry, as they are, for example by a change in position within the internal combustion engine resulting from one or more components. Also, radiation characteristics of surfaces of the internal combustion engine or of components same as influences of a suspension the internal combustion engine and thus their vibration capability as well as enclosed components such as exhaust system, etc. here Consideration. Further, there is the possibility an influence of an encapsulation of the internal combustion engine in Vehicle also to be included. This can For example, be supported by one or several components that should be considered deposited in form of sound pattern modules in the sound library are. By admixture can thus a special overall sound pattern be generated. For example, the simulation allows that by setting up sound patterns over different Operating areas an adaptation to other operating areas, the are not deposited. This can for example by an appropriate extrapolation or by interpolation respectively.

Furthermore, it is provided, for example, that a sound pattern that can be simulated in an In could be heard and / or recorded there. A further development provides that a sound pattern can be simulated which would be recorded outside the vehicle. In this way, in particular, a comparison can be made by means of the simulation, as a change in the interior results for the user arranged there and at the same time for an outside observer. In order to enable a repeatability and, in particular, meaningful simulation, a sector information about the individual sound patterns is also included in the scope of this, for example. Since, depending on different locations with respect to the internal combustion engine, different sound sources are more or less spaced, and thus a level change as well as the change of a sound pattern is accompanied, a corresponding combination of locations or areas with different sound patterns allows at least a comparability between different simulations become. In particular, this also allows the use of real sound patterns of different types of vehicles stored in the sound library to adapt to different internal combustion engines and their locations in the vehicle or to study the effects of changes around the vehicle.

Of Furthermore, there is the possibility that, as part of the procedure, in the simulation as well as the vehicle reference is made a torque fluctuation as well as a power requirement, to cause a detuning of the sound pattern. For example a torque fluctuation due to a higher load, without a higher power requirement on the part of the Driver is passed on to the internal combustion engine can nevertheless the sound pattern will change automatically.

One additional parameters, in the context of detuning a cylinder and a change of a sound pattern may relate to one or more emission levels. By example a corresponding map can be ensured that a Sound pattern in its production does not lead to such a change in exhaust gas, exhaust gas emission limits are exceeded.

Further advantageous embodiments and developments and features can be taken from the following figures. The each represented there Details are not to be construed restrictively, but rather exemplary and exemplary. In particular, you can the respective individual features resulting from these figures with other features resulting from other embodiments of the figures As also apparent from the above description, to developments be linked without being described as examples have been. Show it:

1 FIG. 1 is a diagram relating to a noise level of a 4-cylinder 4-stroke engine; FIG.

2 FIG. 2: a schematic view of a vehicle with an internal combustion engine, by means of which a change of a sound pattern is possible,

3 : a schematic view of a possible simulation,

4 a first schematic view of a possible control loop, and

5 : a second schematic view of another possible control loop.

1 shows a simulation result for three different boundary conditions relating to a noise level of a 4-cylinder 4-stroke engine. The diagram shows the radiated noise of an engine plotted over the engine's orders at 2000 rpm. Three states have been simulated. In the base state, the combustion takes place exactly every 180 degrees according to the ignition order, that is cylinder-1 at 0 degrees, cylinder-3 at 180 degrees, cylinder-4 at 360 degrees, and cylinder-2 at 540 degrees. In the first variant, the burns and thus the cylinder pressure curves of cylinder-3 and cylinder-2 are shifted by 5 degrees crank angle. This means that ignition is set as follows: cylinder 1 at 0 degrees, cylinder 3 at 185 degrees, cylinder 4 at 360 degrees, and cylinder 2 at 545 degrees. This leads to additional odd-numbered engine orders, namely the 1st, 3rd, ... engine orders. By the combustion pressure shift of cylinder-3 to 5 degrees "late" and from cylinder-4 to 5 degrees "early", that means cylinder 1 at 0 degrees, cylinder-3 at 185 degrees, cylinder-4 at 355 degrees and cylinder-2 at 540 degrees, additional half orders, namely 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, ... motor orders are generated. It can be seen that, due to the shift in the combustion pressure curves, additional orders can be generated in a very wide variety of forms and thus also different sound patterns can be generated.

2 shows a highly simplified schematic view of a section of a vehicle 1 with an internal combustion engine 2 , The internal combustion engine is equipped with a plurality of cylinders 3 provided, dashed lines in the internal combustion engine 2 are indicated. The internal combustion engine 2 is in the vehicle 1 stored. This is indicated by bearing elements 4 on which the internal combustion engine 1 seated. This may be damping agents. Also, cross members or other carrying means can be used to the internal combustion engine 2 in the vehicle 1 to fix. An encapsulation is also indicated 5 the internal combustion engine 2 , It serves, for example, to reduce the sound transmitted through the air. Here, the internal combustion engine is used 2 with its outer surface as a membrane, which excites the surrounding air into vibrations. The encapsulation 5 at least dampens this air vibration. In addition, the encapsulation 5 also serve that a structure-borne noise is not transmitted to the outside as possible. Other sources of noise, for example, on the internal combustion engine 2 are arranged, indicated here by a cam drive 6 , also cause a sound. This as well as in the internal combustion engine 2 Structure-borne noise can also be generated by encapsulation 15 at least subdued. Furthermore, preferably, each cylinder 3 at least one sensor 7 assigned. This sensor is capable of, preferably a recording of a combustion parameter of at least one cylinder 3 the internal combustion engine 2 take. For example, the sensor can record a combustion parameter both intermittently and continuously. The sensor 7 For example, it is designed such that it receives only a single combustion parameter, preferably a combustion pressure. The sensor 7 However, it can also be designed as a multi-sensor, which can record, for example, a pressure and a temperature. Furthermore, a control unit 8th shown as a black box. Preferably located in the controller 8th a memory 9 and a target value specification 10 for a control variable of a closed-loop control of a sound pattern of the internal combustion engine 2 , Furthermore, preferably a desired / actual value comparator 11 as well as a control algorithm 12 in the control unit 8th deposited or arranged. A connection of the control unit, for example, with the sensors 7 or with other suitable for communication components of the vehicle 1 takes place for example via a bus system or another, designed for this purpose communication device. The communication can be conducted as well as line-bound, in particular by means of radio transmission. Furthermore, an actuator for influencing the sound pattern of a cylinder 3 intended. For example, the actuator may be separate from the internal combustion engine 2 be present or, as shown, be connected to this. Preferably, the actuator is an injection system, wherein, for example, an independent control module of an injection device independently or in communication with the control unit 8th for a sound pattern influencing, in particular a detuning by, for example, changes in an injection timing, an ignition timing, an injection quantity, a timing of an injection and / or otherwise influencing a combustion-influencing measure a sound pattern change of a cylinder compared to the other cylinders and the internal combustion engine 2 performs. For example, such a control module that the injector is associated, even for emergencies self-sufficient with respect to the control unit 8th an operation of the internal combustion engine 2 to ensure. Preferably, the controller is 8th also with a location detection 14 connected. The location detection can be, for example, a GPS system, via which the exact location, but also a route that is controlled, can be determined. In this way, the controller 8th For example, set a change of the sound pattern in traffic-calmed zones or change the sound pattern depending on other traffic regulations or current traffic forecasts or traffic reports. Preferably, there is also a mode detection 15 available. The mode detection is particularly able to switch between different modes of movement and thus each adapted to allow a sound pattern choice. As modes, for example, modes can be provided as sporty, economical, winter operation, cruising. Other possible operating mode settings can also be detected via the operating mode detection. The mode detection can be done, for example, automatically by user recognition. In this case, for example, a classification of each user of the vehicle is determined and stored. By a personal identifier thus the respective driving profile and thus the respective operating mode can be used. Furthermore, there is a possibility that the user of the vehicle selects a specific operation mode and this is detected by the operation mode recognition. In addition, preferably an operating range detection 16 intended. By means of this there is the possibility, in addition to the mode detection 15 in addition to be able to respond to the specific actual load range and in particular the corresponding load request by pressing the accelerator pedal. Thus, for example, even during a selected operating mode "economical" the need for rapid acceleration can take place. This is done by a corresponding operation of the accelerator pedal. The operating area identifier 17 is able to determine on the one hand, in which mode the vehicle is located and adapted to len to select a special sound pattern for the now required load. For example, there may be a different sound pattern for this operating range than under the "sporty" mode.

3 shows in an exemplary schematic embodiment one of the ways in which a Si Mulation environment may be designed for a simulation in order to simulate an internal combustion engine or a vehicle with their sound pattern can. Shown is a black box 18 , This can be the vehicle 1 as well as the internal combustion engine 2 be. Preferably, the black box 18 arranged so that an exchange for another model still allows the same measurement conditions. The measurement environment is, for example, free-field-like, for example by using a suitably equipped acoustic space which suppresses reflections of sound. In this room can be a variety of microphones 19 be arranged. These are, for example, in different sectors 20 thus allowing a targeted recording of a level and a frequency band from the black box 18 evident. The speakers are for example with a frequency analyzer 21 connected. The recorded by this frequency responses are in a computer 22 so that a simulation program can use this data there. The illustrated simulation environment allows, for example, that by means of the black box 18 Various operating conditions are set and executed. The measured level, the frequencies and other emissions from the black box 18 be about the microphones 19 detected and recorded. In this way, for example, a sound library may include different vehicles, vehicle types, engines, engine attachments, enclosures, and the like. In particular, the sound library can be preset sorted according to various patterns. As measured data, for example, radiated frequencies, radiated levels, divided into different sectors 20 , divided according to different operating conditions such as load, speed, temperature, any floor slips due to rolling noise or the like be deposited. A simulation, for example, on the computer 22 run by means of a simulation program, may further provide an interface over which design data and / or other properties relating to a sound-forming property of the vehicle or the internal combustion engine can be transmitted and used. By means of a simulation, the vehicle or the internal combustion engine can then be simulated at least partially, for example. For example, for this purpose, the sound library can be used from the same or comparable vehicles or internal combustion engines or parts thereof are deposited. It is also possible, for example, for a sound pattern spectrum to be stored for an internal combustion engine or a vehicle, although not all operating states have been checked. By appropriate simulation, a sound pattern can then be generated by a simulated deviation of a sound of a cylinder of the internal combustion engine. The sound of the cylinder results essentially from the combustion taking place in the cylinder. By a combustion deviation in a cylinder compared to the other cylinders thus a change in the sound pattern of the entire internal combustion engine or the entire vehicle can be generated. Furthermore, there is a dummy in the black box 18 arranged by way of example. The dummy 23 can also be microphones, for example 19 at head height. The microphones 19 in the black box 18 as well as outside the black box 18 However, they can also be present at different heights or arranged to give a complete radiation behavior of the black box 18 to be able to determine. In addition, for example, there is the possibility that the simulation provides to be able to reflect reflections on walls of houses, especially in street canyons or on ramparts or the like. For this purpose, for example, corresponding partitions or the like can be provided in the measuring laboratory. At the same time, the simulation can also take this into consideration, for example, the echo of a simulated sound pattern in different driving environments such as downtown, in city canyons, in tunnels, under bridges, in the open field, using known soundproofing measures on the edge of, for example, highways or other heavily traveled Roads in residential areas can be simulated. In particular, the upwardly emitting sound may be of interest in order to be able to estimate the burden of higher standing houses. In addition, it can also be simulated in the listening room, for example, on which ground the vehicle is moved. For this purpose, for example, an exchangeable bottom surface can be provided. Since the sound experiences different reflections on different floor surfaces, it can also be determined here how a sound pattern may overlap due to reflections and lead to level increases or attenuations. Preferably, in particular, a simulation of a different speed can also be recorded by corresponding driving noises generated thereby. This can be generated, for example, on the moving vehicle and then transmitted in the context of the evaluation as a data set in a simulation with. The same applies to corresponding datasets with regard to measurement results in inhabited areas, street canyons, under bridges and other sailing areas. These can be recorded in the use of the vehicle or the internal combustion engine, for example, in the mountains, in order to determine which portions of the generated frequencies radiate as far. Another embodiment of the simulation environment further provides that, for example, a structure-borne noise can be measured with. These are for example one or more structure-borne sound sensors 24 for example inside or outside the black box 19 arranged. For example, hereby the structure-borne noise can be included, which result from different seating in the vehicle or be passed by supporting elements for the internal combustion engine with or possibly also generated by appropriate stimulation. The data obtained can also be used and evaluated within the scope of a simulation and stored in a sound library.

4 shows an exemplary embodiment of a control with respect to stored sound characteristics. The control preferably has a first and a second controller, which are coupled together. Preferably, these are connected in parallel. According to the illustrated example, on the one hand, a center of gravity position controller Q50 is provided. This is able to regulate intervals or timings of individual burns. For example, with a 4-cylinder engine, the Q50 center-of-position controller can cause the individual cylinders to be adjusted as follows: early, late, early, late. Furthermore, the control, for example, as a second controller on a pressure increase controller dpda. This pressure increase controller is capable of increasing or decreasing an intensity of one or more individual burns to enhance noise excitation. Equally possible is a regulation to one or other intensity variables such as CNL (Combustion Noise Level), CSL (Combustion Sound Level), PMI (mean induced pressure), burning time or to a defined point in a heating process, for example dQmax. An evaluation and all controllers work preferably for each cylinder separately, so that the corresponding multiple number of control results according to the number of cylinders. For example, a fourfold structure of the same control is provided, as far as a 4-cylinder engine is used. As shown, one sound can be selected via one or more setpoint maps. This is done via the parameter "st". Preferably, each controller is assigned a nominal value map. For example, a nominal value map has at least one rotational speed n and a moment M as parameters. The corresponding setpoints are then transferred to the respective first and second controller. By changing, for example, the start of injection, Begin of Injection - BOI, the center of gravity of the combustion can be influenced as a function of the setpoint. The same applies to the pressure increase in the cylinder. By means of an evaluation of a respective cylinder pressure, the respective actual value for the first and the second controller can then be obtained and compared with the desired value. According to the resulting deviation then the controller can perform its control behavior.

5 shows an exemplary embodiment, a scheme with a sound feedback. This scheme can rule out the scheme 4 implemented. Thus, a specification of a sound, for example, by a specification of an intensity of different orders of an internal combustion engine can be specified. A default is done, for example, operating point-dependent. For example, a status "st" of a map can be used. In parallel, a structure-borne sound and / or airborne sound sensor is provided. This is able to record and pass on an actual state of a sound. In an evaluation of the sound recorded by the sensor, the intensities of individual orders are calculated. These are compared with a target sound and an arbitration is then a specification of corresponding setpoints for the first and the second controller determined, in this case, a target value for the center of gravity position controller and one for the pressure increase controller. Again, there is the possibility that such a scheme is provided for each cylinder. An interconnection of these regulations via a bus system, in particular via a CAN bus system or any other system that can be used in the automotive industry for data transmission, enables the signal transmission between sound recording, evaluation and control signals necessary for each cylinder.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

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Cited non-patent literature

• - "Method for the Analysis and Evaluation of Diesel Noise", Markus Boden, Ralf Heinrichs, DAGA 2005 [0009]

Claims (29)

Method for influencing a sound pattern of an internal combustion engine ( 2 ) with a plurality of cylinders by generating at least one detuning of combustion of at least one cylinder with respect to one or more combustions of the other cylinders ( 3 ) of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ). Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that a detuning of a cylinder to generate an additional Order leads. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a detuning a 1 / n-th order in a sound pattern of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ), where n indicates an integer. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the detuning a whole or half created additional order. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an intensity and a generation an additional order is regulated. Method preferably according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an acting on a combustion position control of an internal combustion engine ( 2 ) changes the combustion position of a single cylinder relative to that of an adjacent cylinder to change a predefinable sound emission by generating at least one additional order. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a sound emission of the internal combustion engine ( 2 Characterizing parameter is recorded and evaluated to set a detuning over it. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a change in a profile of an internal cylinder pressure in a cylinder ( 3 ) of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) is effected to create an additional order. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a detuning of different cylinders ( 3 ) takes place during successive working cycles. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that by means of a closed loop an upset takes place and is regulated. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as a control variable for influencing the sound pattern, a maximum pressure rise in a cylinder ( 3 ) is being used. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, as a controlled variable for influencing the sound pattern, a focal point of combustion during a working cycle in a cylinder ( 3 ) serves. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that as a controlled variable for influencing the sound pattern, a combustion pressure during a working cycle in a cylinder ( 3 ) serves. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that different controls of the sound pattern for different operating ranges, locations and / or operating modes of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) and / or an operator of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) are offered for selection. Vehicle ( 1 ) with an internal combustion engine ( 2 ) having a plurality of cylinders ( 3 ), which are preferably to be operated by means of a self-ignition of injected fuel, with at least one control device ( 8th ) with a stored control of a sound pattern of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ), having a closed loop for the control of the sound pattern - at least one sensor for receiving a combustion parameter of at least one cylinder ( 3 ) of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ), - a memory ( 9 ) and a setpoint specification ( 10 ) of a controlled variable, - a nominal / actual value comparator ( 11 ), - a control algorithm ( 12 ) and - an actuator ( 13 ) for influencing the sound pattern of a cylinder. Vehicle ( 1 ) according to claim 15, characterized in that the control circuit associated with a cylinder has a first and a second controller. Vehicle ( 1 ) according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that a center of gravity position controller and a pressure increase regulator are provided. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each cylinder ( 3 ) has at least one controller for controlling the sound pattern. Vehicle ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each cylinder ( 3 ) a sensor ( 7 ) which provides a signal in the closed loop. Vehicle ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an injection system of the actuator ( 13 ) is the regulation of the sound pattern. Vehicle ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a mode ( 15 ), a location ( 14 ) and / or operating area detection ( 16 ) is present, by means of which the control of the sound pattern can be influenced. Simulation of a sound pattern of an internal combustion engine ( 2 ), wherein a changed sound pattern of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) by a simulated generation of an additional order by detuning a cylinder ( 3 ) of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) is producible. Simulation according to claim 22, characterized in that the sound pattern is changed by changing a combustion position in a cylinder ( 3 ) against at least one combustion position in another cylinder ( 3 ) is simulatable in a same work cycle. Simulation according to claim 22 or 23, characterized that the simulation has a sound library and a new one Sound pattern using a sound pattern from the library is creatable. Simulation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a construction of at least part of the internal combustion engine ( 2 ) can be stored in the simulation and a new sound pattern is made possible by using the stored construction. Simulation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a sound pattern is recorded in an interior of the vehicle ( 1 ), is simulatable. Simulation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a sound pattern to be recorded outside the vehicle ( 1 ), is simulatable. Sound library of sound patterns of a vehicle ( 1 ) or a part thereof, in particular an internal combustion engine ( 2 ), wherein the sound library has measured values with regard to airborne sound and / or structure-borne noise in different sectors at different operating points. Sound library according to claim 28, characterized that a cataloging of sound patterns according to at least the following Characteristics includes: - combustion process, at least having the categories self-igniting, externally lit, - Number of cylinders and cylinder assembly, and / or - Injection, comprising at least the categories direct injection, chamber injection, layered, homogeneous.