DE102009022862A1 - Air-intake duct system for internal combustion engine, has two switching flaps that are synchronously switched, where flaps open and close longer tract and shorter tract, respectively - Google Patents
Air-intake duct system for internal combustion engine, has two switching flaps that are synchronously switched, where flaps open and close longer tract and shorter tract, respectively Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102009022862A1 DE102009022862A1 DE102009022862A DE102009022862A DE102009022862A1 DE 102009022862 A1 DE102009022862 A1 DE 102009022862A1 DE 102009022862 A DE102009022862 A DE 102009022862A DE 102009022862 A DE102009022862 A DE 102009022862A DE 102009022862 A1 DE102009022862 A1 DE 102009022862A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- intake duct
- switching
- air intake
- flap
- tract
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B27/00—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues
- F02B27/02—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues the systems having variable, i.e. adjustable, cross-sectional areas, chambers of variable volume, or like variable means
- F02B27/0226—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues the systems having variable, i.e. adjustable, cross-sectional areas, chambers of variable volume, or like variable means characterised by the means generating the charging effect
- F02B27/0268—Valves
- F02B27/0284—Rotary slide valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B27/00—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues
- F02B27/02—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues the systems having variable, i.e. adjustable, cross-sectional areas, chambers of variable volume, or like variable means
- F02B27/0205—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues the systems having variable, i.e. adjustable, cross-sectional areas, chambers of variable volume, or like variable means characterised by the charging effect
- F02B27/0215—Oscillating pipe charging, i.e. variable intake pipe length charging
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B27/00—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues
- F02B27/02—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues the systems having variable, i.e. adjustable, cross-sectional areas, chambers of variable volume, or like variable means
- F02B27/0226—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues the systems having variable, i.e. adjustable, cross-sectional areas, chambers of variable volume, or like variable means characterised by the means generating the charging effect
- F02B27/0247—Plenum chambers; Resonance chambers or resonance pipes
- F02B27/0263—Plenum chambers; Resonance chambers or resonance pipes the plenum chamber and at least one of the intake ducts having a common wall, and the intake ducts wrap partially around the plenum chamber, i.e. snail-type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B27/00—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues
- F02B27/02—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues the systems having variable, i.e. adjustable, cross-sectional areas, chambers of variable volume, or like variable means
- F02B27/0226—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues the systems having variable, i.e. adjustable, cross-sectional areas, chambers of variable volume, or like variable means characterised by the means generating the charging effect
- F02B27/0268—Valves
- F02B27/0273—Flap valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B27/00—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues
- F02B27/02—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues the systems having variable, i.e. adjustable, cross-sectional areas, chambers of variable volume, or like variable means
- F02B27/0226—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues the systems having variable, i.e. adjustable, cross-sectional areas, chambers of variable volume, or like variable means characterised by the means generating the charging effect
- F02B27/0268—Valves
- F02B27/0278—Multi-way valves
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Characterised By The Charging Evacuation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Technisches GebietTechnical area
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Luftansaugkanalsystem für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen mit mindestens einem Einlass, der in fluider Verbindung mit mindestens einem zu Zylindern der Verbrennungskraftmaschine führenden Luftansaugkanal verbunden ist, wobei der mindestens eine Luftansaugkanal einen kürzeren und einen längeren Trakt aufweist, sowie eine Schalteinrichtung mit Schaltklappen, die den Kanal öffnen und schließen.The The invention relates to an air intake duct system for internal combustion engines with at least one inlet in fluid communication with at least one leading to cylinders of the internal combustion engine Air intake duct is connected, wherein the at least one air intake duct has a shorter and a longer tract, and a switching device with switching flaps that open the channel and close.
Hintergrund der ErfindungBackground of the invention
Ansaugsysteme für Brennkraftmaschinen mit verschieden langen, von einem Einlasssammelrohr ausgehenden Ansaugrohren, die einzeln an den zum Einlassventil führenden Einlasskanal im Zylinderkopf anschließbar sind und Schalteinrichtungen mit Schaltklappen zur Längenschaltung des Strömungsweges aufweisen, sind bekannt. Derartige Schalteinrichtungen mit Schaltklappen in Luftansaugkanalsystemen für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen werden zur Längenschaltung der Luftansaugkanäle benötigt. Diese Längenschaltungen in den Saugrohren dienen der Leistungssteigerung des Verbrennungsmotors bei unterschiedlichen Drehzahlen. Dabei legt die angesaugte Luft entweder einen langen oder einen kurzen Weg vom Sammlervolumen (Plenum) bis hin zur Zylinderkopföffnung im sogenannten Schwingrohr zurück. Bei niedrigen Drehzahlen wird der kurze Trakt geschlossen und die Luft wird ausschließlich durch den längeren Trakt angesaugt. Es entsteht eine bewegte Luftsäule, die auf Grund ihrer Massenträgheit und den bestehenden Druckverhältnissen bei bestimmten Drehzahlen longitudinal so schwingt, dass kurz vor dem Verschließen der Einlassventile des Zylinders noch ein Druckimpuls weitere Luftmasse in den Zylinder befördert.Suction for internal combustion engines with different lengths, of one Inlet manifold outgoing intake pipes, which individually to the Inlet valve leading intake port in the cylinder head connectable are and switching devices with switching flaps for length adjustment of the flow path are known. Such switching devices with switching flaps in Luftansaugkanalsystemen for internal combustion engines become the length of the air intake ducts needed. These lengthways in the suction pipes serve to increase the performance of the internal combustion engine at different Speeds. The sucked air either lays a long one or a short distance from the plenum volume to the cylinder head opening in the so-called vibration tube back. At low speeds the short tract is closed and the air becomes exclusive sucked through the longer tract. It creates a moving Air column, due to their inertia and the existing pressure conditions at certain speeds longitudinally so vibrates that just before closing the intake valves of the cylinder still a pressure pulse further air mass transported in the cylinder.
Ab einer bestimmten Schaltdrehzahl wird der kurze Saugkanal zusätzlich geöffnet, um die benötigte Luftmasse bei höherer Drehzahl ansaugen zu können. In diesem hohen Drehzahlbereich ist die Luftmasse von größerer Bedeutung als ein Druckimpuls. Die Klappensysteme des älteren etablierten Standes der Technik besitzen den Drehpunkt in der Mitte der Klappe.From a certain switching speed, the short suction channel is additional opened to the required air mass at higher To be able to suck in the speed. In this high speed range is the air mass of greater importance than one Pressure pulse. The flap systems of the older established Prior art have the pivot point in the middle of the flap.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Bei
herkömmlichen Klappensystemen wird der kurze Kanal zusätzlich
geöffnet. Solche Systeme, bei denen entweder der längere
Kanal oder der längere und der kürzere Kanal geöffnet
werden, sind beispielsweise aus der
Bei
einer anderen Variante dieser Klappensysteme ist nach dem Schaltvorgang
jeweils nur ein Kanal geöffnet. In der
In einer weiteren Variante dieser Klappensysteme, bei der nach dem Schaltvorgang jeweils nur ein Kanal geöffnet ist, ist eine einseitig gelagerte Klappe angeordnet, die wechselseitig den kürzeren oder den längeren Luftansaugkanal verschließt.In Another variant of this flap systems, in which after the Switching process only one channel is open, is one arranged on one side flap, which alternately the shorter or closes the longer air intake passage.
Nachteilig ist hierbei jedoch, dass die gesamte durch Luftmassenströmung, Druckpulsation oder Resonanz entstehende Druckdifferenz an der Klappe ein hohes Halte- und Schaltmoment an der Lagerwelle der Klappe bewirkt, zumal die Klappe aufgrund der bei der Entwicklung durchgeführten Strömungsoptimierung mit einer großen Klappenlänge ausgestattet ist. Dieses hohe Moment führt zur Torsion der Klappen und Wellen um die Lagerachse und somit zur Öffnung der Klappe. Um auch bei der vom Antrieb am weitesten entfernten Klappe ein sicheres Schließen bei maximaler Druckdifferenz und bei Berücksichtigung aller Fertigungstoleranzen zu gewährleisten sind daher große Kräfte im Antrieb bezie hungsweise in der Kinematik notwendig, sowie sehr torsionssteife Wellen und biegesteife Klappensysteme.adversely here, however, that the whole by air mass flow, Pressure pulsation or resonance resulting pressure difference at the flap causes high holding and switching moment on the bearing shaft of the flap, especially the flap due to the development carried out during the development Flow optimization with a large flap length Is provided. This high moment leads to torsion the flaps and shafts around the bearing axis and thus to the opening the flap. Even at the furthest from the drive Close a safe closing at maximum pressure difference and considering all manufacturing tolerances guarantee are therefore great forces necessary in the drive or kinematics, as well as very much torsionally rigid shafts and rigid flap systems.
Beschreibung der ErfindungDescription of the invention
Die technische Aufgabe der Erfindung war es daher das auf die Lagerwelle der Klappe wirkende hohe Moment sowie die Anforderungen an den Antrieb der Klappenwelle zu verringern.The technical problem of the invention, it was therefore on the bearing shaft the flap acting high moment as well as the requirements of the drive to reduce the valve shaft.
Die
technische Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Luftansaugkanalsystem
Der Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Luftansaugkanalsystems ist die Verringerung der auf die Lagerwelle der Klappe wirkenden hohen Momente. So kann die Welle der Schaltklappe entsprechend klein im Durchmesser ausgelegt werden. Durch die Verringerung der auf die Klappen wirkenden Momente wird auch der Einsatz eines leistungsärmeren Stellantriebes für die Klappen erreicht.The advantage of the invention Luftan Suction duct system is the reduction of acting on the bearing shaft of the flap high moments. Thus, the shaft of the switching flap can be designed correspondingly small in diameter. By reducing the moment acting on the flaps, the use of a lower-power actuator for the flaps is achieved.
Das erfindungsgemäße Luftansaugkanalsystem ist dabei so ausgestaltet, dass jeweils einem Zylinder bzw. einer Zylinderöffnung ein Luftansaugkanal mit einem kürzeren und einem längeren Trakt zugeordnet ist.The Air intake duct system according to the invention is included designed such that in each case a cylinder or a cylinder opening an air intake duct with a shorter and a longer one Tract is assigned.
Bei
der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist vorgesehen,
dass die erste Schaltklappe
In
einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die erste und die
zweite Schaltklappe
In
einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind die
erste und die zweite Schaltklappe
Weiterhin
ist bevorzugt, dass die Welle
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform verläuft die Welle der jeweiligen Schaltklappe geometrisch mittig. Bevorzugt ist weiterhin, dass die Welle der jeweiligen Schaltklappe durch die Schwerachse der Schaltklappe verläuft. Die Welle der jeweiligen Schaltklappe verläuft bevorzugt so, dass sich die an Vorder- und Rückseite anliegenden Drücke im wesentlichen aufheben und kein Moment an der Welle entsteht.In a preferred embodiment runs the Shaft of the respective switching flap geometrically centered. Prefers is still that the shaft of the respective switching flap through the heavy axis of the switching flap runs. The wave of respective switching flap preferably runs such that the pressure applied to the front and back essentially cancel and no moment arises on the shaft.
In
einer alternativen Ausführungsform verläuft die
Welle
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Luftansaugkanalsystems ist zumindest ein Teil des Randes der jeweiligen Schaltklappe mit einer Weichkomponente versehen. Dies dient zur Erzielung einer höheren Dichtigkeit beim Schließen der Klappen und damit zur Verbesserung der Leistung und der Abgaswerte. Zudem dient die Weichkomponente der Geräuschreduzierung und zum Ausgleich von Toleranzen.In a further embodiment of the invention Air intake duct system is at least part of the edge of the respective Switching flap provided with a soft component. This is to achieve a higher tightness when closing the flaps and thus to improve performance and emissions. moreover serves the soft component of the noise reduction and the Compensation of tolerances.
Detaillierte Beschreibung der ErfindungDetailed description the invention
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Luftansaugkanalsystem werden die auf die Lagerwelle der Klappe wirkenden hohen Momente verringert. Dabei werden zwei Schaltklappen angeordnet, die jeweils um eine Welle drehbar gelagert sind, und wobei die Drehachsen parallel nebeneinander angeordnet sind. Die erste Schaltklappe öffnet und schließt den längeren Trakt und die zweite Schaltklappe öffnet und schließt den kürzeren Trakt. Durch die entsprechende Stellung der beiden Schaltklappen wird die Angesaugte Luft entweder über einen kürzeren Strömungsweg durch den kürzeren Trakt oder über einen längeren Strömungsweg durch den längeren Trakt zu dem jeweiligen Einlassventil der Zylinder geführt.With be the air intake duct system according to the invention reduces the acting on the bearing shaft of the flap high moments. In this case, two switching flaps are arranged, each around a shaft are rotatably mounted, and wherein the axes of rotation parallel to each other are arranged. The first switching flap opens and closes opens the longer tract and the second switching flap and closes the shorter tract. By the appropriate Position of the two flaps will either suck in the air a shorter flow path through the shorter one Tract or over a longer flow path through the longer tract to the respective inlet valve the cylinder out.
Bevorzugt werden jeweils mittig drehbar gelagerte, beliebig lange Klappen auf zwei getrennten parallelen Wellen verwendet. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen System entstehen hauptsächlich Querkräfte und je nach Wellenpositionierung wirken nur sehr geringe Momente auf die Welle der Klappe. Die Welle kann so entsprechend klein im Durchmesser ausgelegt werden, da die Querkräfte an Lagerzapfen der Klappe direkt in Radiallager bzw. in das Gehäuse eingeleitet werden.Prefers are each centrally rotatably mounted, as long as desired flaps used on two separate parallel waves. In the inventive System mainly arise lateral forces and depending on the shaft positioning only very small moments act the wave of the flap. The shaft can be correspondingly small in diameter be designed because the shear forces on journals of the flap be introduced directly into radial bearings or in the housing.
In einer Ausführungsform verläuft die Welle der jeweiligen Schaltklappe daher so, dass sich die an Vorder- und Rückseite anliegenden Drücke im wesentlichen aufheben und kein Moment an der Welle entsteht.In In one embodiment, the shaft of the respective Switching flap therefore so that the front and back essentially abolish applied pressures and not a moment arises at the shaft.
In
einer anderen Ausführungsform verläuft die Welle
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen System wird die korrekte Stellung der beiden Klappen ausschließlich in den beiden Endstellungen mit Hilfe einer Hebel-Kinematik oder eines Getriebes durch unterschiedlich lange Hebel oder durch ein entsprechendes Übersetzungsverhältnis bei relativ kleinen Schaltmomenten erreicht. Damit wird durch die Erfindung auch der Einsatz eines leistungsärmeren Stellantriebes für die Klappen bewerkstelligt.In the system according to the invention, the correct position of the two flaps is excluded achieved in the two end positions by means of a lever kinematics or a gearbox by different lengths of lever or by a corresponding transmission ratio at relatively small switching torques. Thus, the use of a power poorer actuator for the flaps is accomplished by the invention.
Figurencharacters
- 11
- LuftansaugkanalsystemThe air intake channel
- 22
- kürzerer Traktshorter section
- 33
- längerer Traktlonger section
- 44
- einseitig gelagerte Schaltklappeone-sided mounted switching flap
- 55
- erste Schaltklappefirst switching flap
- 66
- zweite Schaltklappesecond switching flap
- 77
- Welle und Drehachse der ersten Schaltklappewave and axis of rotation of the first switching flap
- 88th
- Welle und Drehachse der zweiten Schaltklappewave and axis of rotation of the second switching flap
- 99
- SammlervolumenReceiver volume
- 1010
- Luftansaugkanalair intake duct
- 1111
- in Richtung Einlassventil des Zylindersin Direction inlet valve of the cylinder
- 1212
- Einlassinlet
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNGQUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- - DE 10024770 A1 [0004] DE 10024770 A1 [0004]
- - DE 10143384 C1 [0004] - DE 10143384 C1 [0004]
- - DE 3830286 [0005] - DE 3830286 [0005]
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102009022862A DE102009022862A1 (en) | 2009-05-27 | 2009-05-27 | Air-intake duct system for internal combustion engine, has two switching flaps that are synchronously switched, where flaps open and close longer tract and shorter tract, respectively |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102009022862A DE102009022862A1 (en) | 2009-05-27 | 2009-05-27 | Air-intake duct system for internal combustion engine, has two switching flaps that are synchronously switched, where flaps open and close longer tract and shorter tract, respectively |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE102009022862A1 true DE102009022862A1 (en) | 2010-12-02 |
Family
ID=43028390
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE102009022862A Withdrawn DE102009022862A1 (en) | 2009-05-27 | 2009-05-27 | Air-intake duct system for internal combustion engine, has two switching flaps that are synchronously switched, where flaps open and close longer tract and shorter tract, respectively |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE102009022862A1 (en) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3830286A1 (en) | 1987-09-11 | 1989-03-23 | Avl Verbrennungskraft Messtech | INTAKE SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
DE10024770A1 (en) | 2000-05-19 | 2002-01-17 | Volkswagen Ag | Process for operating a vehicle engine comprises mechanically coupling a switching suction pipe and switching valve for a separating sheet |
DE10143384C1 (en) | 2001-09-05 | 2003-04-17 | Pierburg Gmbh | The switching flap means |
-
2009
- 2009-05-27 DE DE102009022862A patent/DE102009022862A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3830286A1 (en) | 1987-09-11 | 1989-03-23 | Avl Verbrennungskraft Messtech | INTAKE SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
DE10024770A1 (en) | 2000-05-19 | 2002-01-17 | Volkswagen Ag | Process for operating a vehicle engine comprises mechanically coupling a switching suction pipe and switching valve for a separating sheet |
DE10143384C1 (en) | 2001-09-05 | 2003-04-17 | Pierburg Gmbh | The switching flap means |
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