DE102009021797B4 - Vehicle with charging arrangement for an energy storage of the vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

Vehicle (3), which comprises an energy storage, from which an inverter can be supplied, the stator windings of an electric motor (4), wherein the stator windings are connected in star point circuit, wherein by means of a first connector (2) electrical energy to a first charging arrangement of the vehicle (3) can be fed, characterized in that the first charging arrangement comprises a first inverter which is fed from the connector (2) and the output side provides a medium-frequency voltage source, the first voltage-current converter (5), in particular gyrator , from which a first primary winding (7) of the inductive energy transmission is supplied, wherein by means of a second connector (20) electrical energy to a second charging arrangement of the vehicle (3) can be supplied, wherein the second charging arrangement comprises a second inverter, the the second connector (20) is fed and the output side a mittelfre a second voltage-current converter (25), in particular a gyrator, from which a second primary winding (27) of the inductive energy transmission is supplied, wherein the first and second voltage-current converter (5, 25) is dimensioned such that the associated resonant frequency corresponds to the center frequency and thus this impresses an alternating current with a constant amplitude in the primary winding (7, 27), wherein first and second primary windings (7, 27) for inductive energy transfer inductively to the secondary winding ( 8) are coupled, from which the rectifier (31) is fed, whose output current is supplied to the star point (32) for loading the energy storage, wherein the charging current from the neutral point (32) via the stator windings and the inverter is supplied to the energy storage, wherein the Primary windings (7, 27) and the secondary winding are wound around the same core.

Description

The invention relates to a vehicle with a charging arrangement for an energy store of the vehicle.

It is well known to connect mains powered chargers to charge a battery. To operate the powered by a battery arrangement, the charger is disconnected from the battery.

From the genus same font EP 0 834 977 A2 It is known to carry a charging current via a neutral point of an electric motor and an output stage, with which the motor can be supplied from an energy store, to the energy store.

From the EP 1 936 775 A1 It is known to generate a medium-frequency voltage on the primary side and to transmit inductively, wherein the transmitted secondary-side voltage is fed to a neutral point of an electric motor of a vehicle.

From the 3 of the DE 603 19 570 T2 It is known to load the energy storage of a vehicle either via a plug connection from a single-phase network or via another plug-in connection from a three-phase network.

From the DE 24 34 890 B1 It is known to supply one or more phases of a supply network to respective primary windings wound around a secondary winding around a two-piece core.

The invention is therefore based on the object to further develop the loading.

According to the invention the object is achieved in the vehicle according to the features indicated in claim 1.

Important features of the invention in the vehicle are that it comprises an energy store, from which an inverter can be supplied, which feeds stator windings of an electric motor,
wherein the stator windings are connected in neutral connection,
wherein by means of at least one connector electrical energy can be supplied to a charging arrangement of the vehicle for loading the energy store of the vehicle,
wherein the charging arrangement comprises at least one inductive energy transmission and the inductively transmitted current is supplied via a rectifier to the star point for loading the energy store, wherein the charging current is supplied from the star point via the stator windings and the inverter energy storage,
wherein the inductive energy transfer is operated medium frequency.

The advantage here is that a galvanic isolation is achieved and thus the safety can be increased. In addition, an input side fluctuating supply voltage or a voltage from a wide range can be used. Thus, the loading of the energy storage at different mains voltages is executable. Therefore, the vehicle is also usable for corresponding nationwide trips. Furthermore, the stator windings of the motor are used in two ways, namely in motor operations for driving the vehicle and in loading the energy store for smoothing the charging current. Due to the medium-frequency energy transfer inductive transmission is very compact executable, so high performance in a small space reachable.

According to the invention, the charging arrangement comprises a converter which is fed from the plug connector and provides on the output side a medium-frequency voltage source which supplies a voltage-current converter, in particular a gyrator, from which the primary winding of the inductive energy transmission is supplied. The advantage here is that the converter is operated with resonance-tuned inductors and capacitors.

According to the invention, the converter comprises a rectifier, from which an inverter is supplied, whose switches can be controlled in a pulse-width-modulated manner such that the medium-frequency output voltage is ready to be adjusted,
wherein the inverter is operable at a wide range of line voltages, in particular single-phase rms voltages between 100 volts and 250 volts and / or at line frequencies between 40 and 70 hertz. The advantage here is that the vehicle is used nationwide and can be operated with different mains voltages, so for example with a single-phase effective mains voltage of 110 volts or 230 volts and with different network frequencies, such as 50 or 60 hertz. According to the invention, electrical energy can be supplied to a first charging arrangement of the vehicle by means of a first connector,
wherein the first charging arrangement comprises a first converter, which is fed from the connector and provides on the output side a medium-frequency voltage source, which supplies a first voltage-current converter, in particular a gyrator, from which a first primary winding of the inductive energy transmission is supplied,
wherein electrical energy can be supplied to a second charging arrangement of the vehicle by means of a second connector,
wherein the second charging arrangement comprises a second converter, which is fed from the second connector and provides on the output side a medium-frequency voltage source which supplies a second voltage-current converter, in particular a gyrator, from which a second primary winding of the inductive energy transmission is supplied,
wherein first and second primary windings for inductive energy transmission are inductively coupled to the secondary winding, from which the rectifier is fed, the output current is supplied to the star point for loading the energy storage, wherein the charging current from the neutral point via the stator windings and the inverter is supplied to the energy storage. The advantage here is that two chargers and thus two different power supplies can be used. In this way, for example, a three-phase voltage supply and a single-phase supply is possible. This then allows correspondingly high charging currents. In particular in the case of the three-phase voltage supply, rapid charging of the energy store can be carried out since high currents can be realized. In addition, a voltage from a wide range can be used in each case. Because the inverter of the charging arrangement is equipped depending on the supply voltage with a corresponding rectified DC link voltage and therefore also with an output peak voltage corresponding height. But since the downstream converter thus impresses only a corresponding peak current in the primary winding, the secondary side of the charging current is reduced according to the supply voltage of the inverter. The amount of supply voltage thus causes only an adjustment of the charging current. However, the basic mode of operation of the entire charging arrangement remains independent of changes in the mains supply voltage.

In an advantageous embodiment, the center frequency is between 10 and 500 kHz, in particular between 15 and 30 kHz. The advantage here is that a high efficiency with low volume and high transmitted power can be achieved. In addition, the switching losses of electronic semiconductor switches in this frequency range are still acceptable, the heat is dissipated by means of water cooling.

In an advantageous embodiment, an inverter, a voltage-current converter and / or a primary winding are connected to a water cooling circuit of the vehicle for cooling. The advantage here is that high power can be transmitted on a compact construction volume. The water cooling is not a special additional effort, since it is present anyway in the vehicle, in particular for cooling the drive motor and the energy storage.

In an advantageous embodiment of the energy storage is connected to the water cooling circuit for cooling. The advantage here is that by means of water cooling high performance can be realized.

In an advantageous embodiment, the inverter has half-bridges arranged, pulse width modulated controllable electronic switch, such as IGBT or the like on. The advantage here is that the inverter can be produced and controlled in a simple manner.

In an advantageous embodiment, a further secondary coil, in particular a secondary coil provided in parallel provided, another secondary coil is provided, which is arranged on the underside of the vehicle and is inductively coupled with a buried primary conductor, in which a medium-frequency current can be impressed. The advantage here is that by means of the inductive coupling on the primary side different power feeding systems are providable. In particular, the circuit topology is chosen such that an inductive loading of the vehicle from a buried primary conductor is made possible. Because the center frequency used for the inductive transmission is also feasible for an inductive transmission of this buried primary conductor to an inductively coupled, mounted on the vehicle winding with high efficiency. Thus, even when using such a power supply on the secondary side no circuit change must be performed.

Further advantages emerge from the subclaims.

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to figures:

In the 1 is the inventively relevant part of an electrically operable vehicle 3 is shown schematically.

In the 2 further details are shown.

The vehicle's energy storage is loaded from the public supply network, which is widely used and therefore well available.

The power supply cable connected to the public network 1 is by means of connectors 2 with the charger 6 connected to a voltage-current converter 5 having a primary winding 7 supplied to the one secondary winding 8th is provided inductively coupled. Thus, a galvanic isolation is achieved.

The vehicle is powered by an engine 4 powered by these power electronics, such as inverters, where the inverter is powered by the energy storage and the motor 4 as three-phase motor in neutral connection 32 is executed.

For loading, the inductively to the secondary winding 8th transmitted electrical energy as AC to the rectifier 31 supplied and the thus generated unipolar current supplied as a charging current through the motor and the inverter the energy storage. The charging current is via the star point 32 and thus the stator windings of the electric motor which have a smoothing effect on the charging current 4 and the inverter. The inverter includes three half-bridges, consisting of controllable electronic switches, such as IGBT, each switch is associated with a flyback diode. In this way, even the inverter is clocked, for example, pulse width modulated, operable and in cooperation with the inductances of the stator windings enables a boosting of the voltage to each for producing the desired charging voltage values.

The voltage-to-current converter 5 is fed, for example, single-phase. In this case, first an inverter is fed, which comprises a rectifier and fed therefrom, pulse width modulated controlled inverter and the output side generates a medium-frequency AC voltage which is supplied to a gyrator, ie a quadrupole, which has at least one inductance and a capacitance, which dimensioned and arranged are that the associated resonant frequency corresponds to the center frequency. In this way, the transformation of the voltage source-like behavior into a current-source-like behavior is enabled and thus an essentially alternating current of constant amplitude can be impressed into the primary winding.

If, instead of the mains voltage supplying the converter, a lower mains voltage or a mains voltage provided with a different frequency, a smaller current is impressed into the primary winding, which thus also causes a lower charging current for the energy store. But it is thus possible a wide voltage supply, since a wide range of voltages can be used.

Additionally is in 2 another charger with voltage-current converter 25 shown, but via the three-phase connector 20 with three-phase current, so a three-phase power supply, can be supplied. As with the converter 5 In turn, an inverter is supplied from the mains voltage and in turn generates the medium-frequency output voltage. Preferably, a center frequency in the range 10 to 500 kHz is used. A frequency of 25 kHz or a frequency in the range of 20 to 30 kHz has proved to be particularly ideal. Again, therefore, the output side, a medium-frequency AC voltage is generated at the converter, which is also fed to a gyrator, ie a quadrupole, which has at least one inductance and a capacitance, which are dimensioned and arranged such that the associated resonant frequency corresponds to the center frequency. In this way, the conversion of the voltage source-like behavior into a current-source-like behavior is enabled and thus an alternating current having a substantially constant amplitude in the primary winding 27 be impressed. By means of the three-phase supply, however, a much larger charging current can be generated than by means of the single-phase supply.

By means of inductive transmission galvanic isolation is achieved, whereby the data exchange from the charger to the power electronics in the vehicle galvanically isolated, namely preferably via infrared takes place. For this purpose, the primary side and the secondary side corresponding infrared receiver E and infrared transmitter S are provided.

The converter 25 is with a water cooling 30 equipped, by means of the cooling water and other components of the vehicle are cooled, such as the energy storage.

The state of the energy storage is determined by the monitoring circuit 33 monitors, wherein the monitoring circuit is supplied at least the voltage detected at the energy storage.

At the the secondary winding 8th Comprehensive coil is also a sensor 34 arranged, the signals of a sensor evaluation 35 be supplied switching on or off the power electronics makes it possible. For example, the sensor can be executed as a REED contact and thus an energization of the primary winding 7 detectable, from which a switch-on signal for starting the loading of the power electronics can be fed. Similarly, a termination of the load can be detected and signaled to the power electronics.

The primary windings 7 . 27 and the secondary winding 8th are preferably wrapped around a core.

The motor is preferably designed as a separately excited synchronous machine, wherein the field winding of the motor is supplied inductively.

The energy store is preferably a high-voltage battery, ie a battery whose open circuit voltage is more than 100 volts, in particular up to 400 or 500 volts.

In a further development, another secondary coil can also be designed as a flat winding and can be arranged on the floor of the vehicle. Thus, along the route a medium-frequency primary current in an elongated executed primary conductor can be acted upon, so that in this way an energy supply to the vehicle is made possible while parking or driving the vehicle. In this case, the flat winding is a capacitance connected in parallel or in series, that the associated resonant frequency substantially corresponds to the center frequency of the primary current, whereby a high efficiency can be achieved even with distance fluctuations.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Power supply cable

2

Connectors

3

vehicle

4

Motor with power electronics, such as inverters

5

Voltage-current converter

6

Charger with galvanic isolation

7

primary

8th

secondary winding

20

Connectors

25

Voltage-current converter

27

primary

30

water cooling

31

rectifier

32

Star point of the motor

33

Monitoring circuit for energy storage

34

sensor

35

sensor evaluation

e

Infrared receiver

S

infrared transmitter

Claims (5)

Vehicle ( 3 ), which comprises an energy store, from which an inverter can be supplied, of the stator windings of an electric motor ( 4 ), wherein the stator windings are connected in neutral connection, wherein by means of a first connector ( 2 ) electrical energy to a first charging arrangement of the vehicle ( 3 ), characterized in that the first charging arrangement comprises a first converter which consists of the plug connector ( 2 ) and provides on the output side a medium-frequency voltage source which provides a first voltage-current converter ( 5 ), in particular a gyrator, from which a first primary winding ( 7 ) is supplied to the inductive energy transfer, wherein by means of a second connector ( 20 ) electrical energy to a second charging arrangement of the vehicle ( 3 ), wherein the second charging arrangement comprises a second converter which consists of the second connector ( 20 ) and provides on the output side a medium-frequency voltage source which has a second voltage-current converter ( 25 ), in particular a gyrator, from which a second primary winding ( 27 ) is supplied to the inductive energy transfer, wherein the first and second voltage-current converter ( 5 . 25 ) is dimensioned such that the associated resonant frequency corresponds to the center frequency and thus this an alternating current with a constant amplitude in the primary winding ( 7 . 27 ), wherein first and second primary windings ( 7 . 27 ) for inductive energy transmission inductively to the secondary winding ( 8th ), from which the rectifier ( 31 ) whose output current is the star point ( 32 ) is supplied to load the energy storage, wherein the charging current from the neutral point ( 32 ) is supplied to the energy store via the stator windings and the inverter, wherein the primary windings ( 7 . 27 ) and the secondary winding are wound around the same core. Vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the center frequency is between 10 and 500 kHz, in particular between 15 and 30 kHz. Vehicle according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the converter comprises a rectifier, from which an inverter is supplied, the switch can be controlled in such a pulse width modulated that the medium-frequency output voltage is adjustable, the inverter can be operated on a wide range of mains voltages is, in particular at RMS voltages between 100 volts and 250 volts and / or at mains frequencies between 40 and 70 hertz. Vehicle according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inverter has half-bridges arranged, pulse width modulated controllable electronic switch. Vehicle according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a further secondary coil, in particular a secondary coil provided in parallel provided, further secondary coil, is provided, which at the bottom of the vehicle ( 3 ) is arranged and inductively coupled with a buried primary conductor, in which a medium-frequency current can be impressed.

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