DE102009020987A1 - Device for the production of three-dimensional object by successive hardening of layers of powdery build-up materials solidifiable by laser radiation or electron radiation on a position, comprises a supporting device and a coating device - Google Patents

Abstract

The device for the production of three-dimensional object (1) by successive hardening of layers of powdery build-up materials (3) solidifiable by laser radiation (2) or electron radiation on the position corresponding to the respective cross-section of the object, comprises a supporting device (4) for supporting the object on a top side (5) of a carrier (6) turned to the object, a coating device for applying layers of the build-up materials on the supporting device, and irradiation device for irradiating the layers on the position corresponding to the respective cross-section of the object. The device for the production of three-dimensional object (1) by successive hardening of layers of powdery build-up materials (3) solidifiable by laser radiation (2) or electron radiation on the position corresponding to the respective cross-section of the object, comprises a supporting device (4) for supporting the object on a top side (5) of a carrier (6) turned to the object, a coating device for applying layers of the build-up materials on the supporting device, and an irradiation device for irradiating the layers on the position corresponding to the respective cross-section of the object. The carrier is arranged within a construction container. A reducing element equipped with a recess is arranged on an opening and an auxiliary support is detachably mounted on the carrier. The recess of the reducing element with a construction area of the auxiliary carrier defines a construction region for opening the construction container. A side wall of the volume-reducing construction region extends itself vertically to the main stretching plain of the reducing element. The contour of the recess is formed to the center in point-symmetrical and/or mirror-symmetrical manner. The auxiliary support is formed in columnar manner and is equipped with a connection plate for connecting with the carrier. The auxiliary support has a plain area in mounting condition at its end area opposite to the carrier. The plain area of the auxiliary support is directed parallel or plain parallel to the top side of the reducing element. The plain area of the auxiliary support is shifted during shifting the carrier parallel to the top side of the reducing element. The plain area of the auxiliary support comprises a centering clamping system. A wall element forms a part of the side wall of the construction region and is separately formed with the reducing element. The auxiliary support is equipped with a plug- or push-through recess, whose opening is directed to the recess of the reducing element. The plug- or push-through recess is formed according to the type of a blind hole or a passage recess and an area created by the plug- or push-through recess continues itself in the push-through recess of the carrier. A holding insert for the reception of a prefabricated part is inserted at the opening area of the plug- or push-through recess. The reducing element is detachably fixed in the wall area of the construction region. The construction chamber is equipped at its opening region with an insert recess on which a corresponding edge of the reducing element is inserted. A construction material supply chamber near to the construction container is arranged with a height-adjustable carrier of the construction material supply chamber and a reducing element of the construction material supply chamber is arranged on the opening region of the construction material supply chamber with an opening. The reducing element and/or the reducing element of the construction material supply chamber are equipped with recesses or openings and the auxiliary support and/or the auxiliary support device comprises a corresponding number of surfaces forming on the construction region. The number of construction area comprises a construction surface lying in a common plain. The reducing element and the reducing element of the construction material supply chamber and/or the auxiliary support and the auxiliary support device are formed in similar manner. Sealing means are arranged between the side wall of the construction region and the auxiliary support forming the base of the construction region. The sealing means is mounted on the auxiliary support and is arranged on the side wall of the construction region. The surface element forming the construction area is mounted as separate component on the auxiliary support. A reducing insert for reducing the recess is arranged in the recess of the reducing element. The reducing insert comprises a closed opening. The carrier of the construction container and the carrier of the construction material supply chamber are displaceable in such a way that the volume change in the construction region falls below with the volume-change in the construction material supply chamber. The volume-reducing volume of the construction material supply chamber is larger or equal to the volume-reducing volume of the construction container. A position switch is arranged that carries out the supervision of the extreme position of the carrier, the auxiliary support, the auxiliary support device and/or the construction material supply chamber. An independent claim is included for an auxiliary support for detachably mounting on a carrier of a device for the production of three-dimensional object.

Description

The Invention / innovation relates to a device for the production of three-dimensional objects by successive solidification of layers of a powdery, by means of electromagnetic radiation, in particular bundled Radiation such as laser radiation or electron beam solidify Building material at the respective cross section of the objects corresponding Providing the device with a carrying device for carrying the Object on an object facing the top of a carrier and a coating apparatus for applying layers of the building material on the carrying device or a previously formed layer, as well an irradiation device for irradiating layers of the material the corresponding to the respective cross section of the object bodies are provided, wherein the carrier inside a construction container höhenverlagerbar is arranged.

Such a device is known for example by the machine M2 Cusing ^® . In this machine, powdery building material stockpiled in a powder material storage container is pushed upwardly above a building level by a support disposed in the building material storage chamber, the supernatant above the construction level is removed by means of a coating apparatus such as a squeegee or roller Construction material storage chamber transported in the direction of the building container and there arranged as a level, leveled to the building level level construction layer. As a result of the electromagnetic radiation effect, for example of a laser, the created layer of building material is melted at the points forming the subsequent object and thus solidified. After at least partial melting of the first building material layer, the support in the building container, on which the leveled layer is applied, is lowered by one layer thickness. The free space created in this way below the construction level is, as in the first step, transported and leveled by means of the coater, again with building material driven upwards from the building material storage chamber via its support, which in turn is displaced into the building container by the coating device.

Of the Invention / innovation is the object of a device for the production of three-dimensional objects with the features of the preamble of claim 1 such that for the construction process is used by at least one object less powder material. It is another object of the invention to save process powder in a structurally simple and easy-to-use way to enable. About that addition, this task is meant for preferably different object shapes / sizes can be solved with little effort.

These The object is achieved by the features of claim 1, the device system according to claim 32, and a subcarrier according to claim 33 solved. Advantageous developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims 2-31.

When At the heart of the invention it is considered that at an opening of the building container arranged a provided with at least one recess reducing element is and on the carrier a subcarrier solvable is fastened, wherein the recess of the reducing element with a Construction area of the subcarrier at least temporarily one on one side to the opening of the construction container open Defined volume reduced space. Under the term "volume reduced Space "should be expressed that after inserting the reducing element and the subcarrier the effective space of the device compared to the original space is reduced in its volume. This realizes the advantage that the space is almost variable to the size of the object to be manufactured is customizable and thus the amount of unconsolidated process powder is reduced, especially in research and development this is beneficial since there often expensive (powder) building material is used. In the prior art Even when building smaller objects, a layer of powder must over the the whole area be applied to the construction container carrier, where only a small area section ultimately is solidified.

That the volume reduced space only temporarily one - sided to an opening of the Construction container is open, can with an alternative embodiment be described, so it is possible to the space in one later Coating step or a later lowering of the subcarrier so relocate relative to the recess of the Reduzierelementes that the auxiliary space another opening describes and about this opening trickle through the unconsolidated building material and thus out of the Volume-reduced space can be removed specifically.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if at least one side wall of the volume-reduced construction space extends substantially perpendicular to the main extension plane of the reduction element. The volume-reduced installation space preferably has side walls which surround the construction area of the auxiliary support. For example, at least one wall element, which forms at least a part of the side walls of the volume-reduced installation space, may be formed integrally with the reduction element. Alternatively or additionally, another Wall element may also be constructed as a separate component and extending, for example, as a flexible connection from the edge of the recess of the Reduzierelementes to the edge of the body region of the subcarrier, wherein the flexibility is chosen / designed such that this flexible side wall over the travel distance of the body region of the subcarrier relative to the recess of the reducing element remains in the elastic region. In addition, the wall element may be a pleated or telescoping wall element. The contour of the recess of the reducing element is preferably formed point-symmetrical to the center and / or mirror-symmetrical. It is advantageous if the contour of the recess is substantially identical to the contour of the body region of the subcarrier.

Of the subcarrier is in a preferred embodiment columnar formed, wherein it provided at one end with a connection plate is to go with the carrier of the construction container solvable in a simple manner to be attached.

in the assembled state of the subcarrier this one indicates to the wearer of the construction container opposite End region (its construction area) an at least partially flat Surface up. This flat surface thus forms the bottom of the at least temporarily one-sided to the opening of the building container open Volume-reduced space. The flat surface of the subcarrier is preferably aligned parallel to the top of the Reduzierelementes. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the flat surface of the subcarrier during the Relocation of the carrier is moved parallel to the top of the Reduzierelementes.

Around continue to save building material, it is advantageous in such a Laser melting device to apply a hybrid construction method in which the to be built object partly from an upstream manufacturing process (eg casting, mill from solid, etc.) and at least one surface area this prefabricated sub-object another part in layers Construction method is grown. It is advantageous if the flat surface of the subcarrier and thus also the body region of the subcarrier comprises fastening means, by means of which a prefabricated part object object to simple Way defined in its orientation and position is positionable. For example, such a fastening means can be a centering clamping system include. Even if no hybrid construction method is used, such Fastening means on the construction surface of the subcarrier be advantageous since objects are also built on so-called carrier plates can, which allow a quick removal of the object from the construction area, because the prefabricated plates, for example, via screw with the carrier (in this case the subcarrier) be connected and the removal of the object of such carrier outside the installation space is executable, because the object is melted on the building board and this outside of the installation space can be separated from the object.

Especially, if rod-shaped Hybrid components are to be manufactured and a substantial proportion the rod-shaped Form is formed by a prefabricated subarea, it is helpful if the subcarrier is provided with a single or Durchsteckausnehmung, wherein an opening of the One or through recess for opening the Reduzierelementes directed. For example, the prefabricated part an object over one at the opening area attached to the insertion or Durchsteckausnehmung insertable holding insert his and on the over the holding insert protruding surface area of the prefabricated Part object in the generative construction process the remaining part object be built up by the selective laser melting. The A- or Durchsteckausnehmung the subcarrier can both as a blind hole be formed, as well as a through-hole, wherein it at the latter is useful, that of the single or Durchsteckausnehmung created space continue in a through-hole of the wearer allow. By means of these measures can also components with selectively constructed areas are provided the "actually" in the Space would find no place.

The in the opening area of the building container arranged Reduzierelement is advantageously in the wall area of the installation space solvable attached. In the preferred embodiment, the surface of the Flushing element flush with the upper edge of the space forming the wall area from and is preferably at construction level. A flush degree is in particular therefore an advantage, because it does not affect the powder transport of the squeegee unnecessary obstructed and thus the squeegee, starting from the building material storage chamber evenly and without substantial obstacles the powder can shift horizontally. In order to simplify the assembly of the reducing element, it is advantageous the opening area the space at least partially with a Einsatzausnehmung to be provided with at least one area corresponding shaped edge of the Reduzierelementes corresponds. Preferably are such insertion recesses provided with sliding bevels, to an automatic centering of the Reduzierelementes when preparing at the opening areas to achieve the installation space and at the same time an exact Positoinieren the reducing element endangering To avoid powder deposits.

With the Reduzierelement and its recess and the subcarrier and the volume-reduced space formed by these elements (quasi the auxiliary space) is a reduction of the required passive (not solidified) Powder material over reached the entire construction process.

In an advantageous embodiment In this context, the powder feed into the building container is compared with the State of the art changed, so that z. B. in the case of an arranged next to the space construction material storage chamber, which in turn with a höhenverlagerbaren carrier is provided, also as in the building container at the opening area of the building material storage chamber a building material storage chamber reducing element having at least an opening is arranged, being on the support the building material storage chamber in turn a subcarrier, in In this case, a subcarrier device on the carrier of Building material storage chamber is placed in and through the opening of the Building material storage chamber reducing element and the storage area of Subcarrier device a volume reduced building material storage chamber is formed, in which the powder to be stored is arranged.

there it may be advantageous if the reducing element and the building material storage chamber reducing element and / or the subcarrier and the subcarrier device are formed substantially the same. This can be at the Volume increase of the Reduced volume space by lowering his subcarrier corresponding volume of powder material from the building material storage chamber "donated" (eg. pushed up) be by the subcarrier device the building material storage chamber a corresponding volume reduction of the volume reduced building material storage chamber space.

alternative it can generally be stated that other dosing and powdering modes, for example in the case of a screen coater, In this case, the building material from an at least temporarily above of the construction container arranged donor screen over Gravity dripped down or, in the case of a different kind of above building container displaceable powder material dispenser the use of the reducing element according to the invention in the construction sector. Therefor is the carrier the building chamber and the material dispensing device and / or the coating device via a Controlled computer, which corresponds to the volume increase of volume-reduced space at least that to replenish the Increase in volume difference needed Building material provides. This may be in an exemplary embodiment be achieved by the support of the building chamber and the carrier of the Building material storage chamber computer controlled so displaced are that volume change in volume-reduced space with the volume change in the effective building material storage chamber essentially coincides or less.

There in particular the method according to the invention in the formation of small or in cross-section small-scale objects It is also helpful to use several such objects simultaneously in the device by providing that the reducing element and / or the building material storage chamber reducing element with a Plurality of openings is provided and the subcarrier and / or the subcarrier device a corresponding number of surfaces forming construction areas (highlighting) having.

in this connection it is advantageous if the majority of the body areas each has a build-up surface lying in a common plane, preferably parallel to the carrier and / or the construction level.

Around the reliability the device according to the invention To improve, it is advantageous if between the side walls of the Volume-reduced space and the bottom of the volume reduced Installation space forming subcarrier element Sealant are arranged. Such sealants are intended an unintentional escape of the building material from the volume-reduced space in through the reducing element, the subcarrier and through the wall elements shielded original Prevent installation space. In this case, the sealant on both the subcarrier attachment as well as supplementary or additionally on the side walls be attached.

In order to increase the variability of the Reduzierelementes and the subcarrier and not having to hold ready for different sized objects each have a corresponding reducing element and a corresponding subcarrier, it is advantageous if a building area forming surface element is provided as a separate component of the subcarrier, which can be mounted on this is. In this context, it is advantageous if at least one reducing insert for reducing the recess can be arranged in the recess of the reducing element. Thus, for example, the individual surface elements for attachment to the subcarrier may have different shapes and sizes and with correspondingly shaped and dimensioned recesses forming reducing insert, which can be used in the recess of the Reduzierelementes correspond. The reducing insert preferably has an opening which is enclosed on all sides tion to form the volume-reduced space defining recess.

There the inventive idea is not limited to a device, is already the idea of the invention by a subcarrier to releasable attachment on a carrier a device for layered construction of an object by means of realized on a powder material acting laser. Such a subcarrier Can be easily retrofitted as a retrofit kit for corresponding Devices are provided.

Basically it is advantageous to provide a limit switch / button when using the subcarrier, a collision of the Reduzierelementes with the subcarrier and / or the Reduzierelementes with the carrier prevented. For this purpose, for example, a limit switch / button on the subcarrier below the vertically extending wall portion of the Reduzierelementes arranged and so with the computer and / or the actuators of the carrier be operatively connected, that when tripping the limit switch / button a successive drive the reducing element and the auxiliary element letting the movement be inhibited.

at the use of a Durchsteckausnehmung in the space, it may be advantageous be, also a Durchsteckausnehmung on the subcarrier device provided.

The Invention is based on embodiments closer in the drawing figures explained. These demonstrate

1 a schematic representation of an apparatus for producing three-dimensional objects according to the prior art;

2 a schematic representation of the device with reducing element and subcarrier;

3 a schematic representation of the device, wherein the building material storage chamber comprises a reducing element and a subcarrier device;

4 a schematic representation of a building chamber with a Durchsteckausnehmung having auxiliary carrier;

5 a schematic representation of a device with a reducing element and a subcarrier, which forms a plurality of independent volume-reduced installation spaces;

6a , b is a schematic representation of the building chamber with a surface element which can be attached to the auxiliary carrier and a corresponding reducing insert of the reducing element for small components ( 6a ) and large components ( 6b );

7 a schematic plan view of the device according to 5 ;

8a , b is a schematic representation of an alternative embodiment of the side walls;

9 a schematic detail representation, based on 2 , but with construction panel.

In drawing figure 1 is the state of the art of a device for the production of three-dimensional objects 1 by successively solidifying layers of a powdered, by means of electromagnetic radiation, in particular laser radiation 2 solidifiable building material 3 wherein the device is a carrying device 4 to carry the object 1 on one object 1 facing top 5 a carrier 6 and a coating device 7 for applying layers of the building material 3 on the carrying device 4 or a previously formed layer of the building material 3 and an irradiation device 8th that have a laser 9 and a laser beam 2 distracting scanner 10 includes, the scanner 10 is deflected such that at the respective cross-section of the object 1 appropriate places in the powder bed the building material 2 through the laser beam 2 is melted and solidified. Inside a construction container 11 is the carrier 6 via an actuator 12 inside the construction container 11 arranged vertically displaceable. Next to the construction container 11 is a building material storage chamber 13 arranged from which via a building material storage chamber carrier 14 Powder material above a construction level 15 is lifted out and this construction material 3 by, for example, a squeegee 16 trained coating device 7 from the building material storage chamber 13 can be moved into the building chamber and leveled there.

Furthermore, on another side area of the building container 11 an overflow tank 17 be arranged, which is also a höhenverlagerbaren carrier 18 includes and excess, not leveling to the construction level 15 required building material 3 receives. The actuators 12 . 19 . 20 are preferably with a computer unit 21 connected, which is a targeted shift of the respective carrier 6 . 14 . 18 for sufficient supply of the building container 11 with construction material 3 guaranteed.

In the drawing figures 2 - 6b preferred embodiments of the subject invention are shown, it is from the drawing planning figure 2 one at an opening 24 of the construction container 11 arranged, with at least one recess 23 provided reducing element 22 out. Further, on the carrier 6 a subcarrier 25 releasably secured, with the recess 23 of the reducing element 22 with a construction area 26 of the subcarrier 25 at least temporarily one-sided, for opening 24 of the construction container 11 open volume reduced space 27 Are defined. The installation space 27 has side walls 28 on, which is substantially perpendicular to the main extension plane of the Reduzierelementes 22 extend. In the illustrated embodiment, a wall element 29 which in this case is the sidewall 28 self-forming, integral with the reducer 22 educated. Alternatively, the wall element 29 as a separate component or as variable in height part of the subcarrier 25 be educated.

Between the side wall 28 and the subcarrier 25 sealing means are arranged so that the powdery building material 3 the volume reduced space 27 not unintentionally in the unused space 31 arrives. In this case, the sealant 30 - as shown - either on the subcarrier 25 and / or on the sidewall 28 the volume reduced installation space 27 be arranged. Furthermore, is from drawing figure 2 recognizable that the subcarrier 25 is formed like a column. In particular, it describes a double T-like shape. The subcarrier 25 is also one-sided with a connection plate 32 for connecting to the carrier 6 Mistake. Such a connection plate 32 allows the subcarrier in a simple and uncomplicated way 25 on the carrier 6 to assemble. At the the carrier 6 opposite end region 33 of the subcarrier 25 is a flat surface 34 arranged. On this surface 34 becomes the building material 3 applied in layers and over the laser beam 2 the laser 9 solidified. It is advantageous if the flat surface 34 of the subcarrier 25 parallel to the top 35 of the reducing element 22 and thus in this case parallel to the construction level 15 is aligned. This parallel alignment also becomes in the preferred embodiment during the displacement of the carrier 6 opposite the top 35 of the reducing element 22 respected.

Figure drawing 3 shows an alternative embodiment, in addition to the building container 11 a building material storage chamber 13 is arranged in a similar size, wherein the building material storage chamber 13 with a height-adjustable building material storage chamber carrier 14 is provided and at the opening area 36 the construction material stockroom 13 one with an opening 38 provided building material storage chamber reducing element 37 (Cover) is arranged. In the preferred embodiment, in the building material storage chamber 13 on the building material storage chamber carrier 14 a subcarrier device 39 attached, in essence, the subcarrier 25 for the construction chamber 11 is modeled. The reducing element 22 and the building material storage chamber reducing element 37 and / or the subcarrier 25 and the subcarrier device 39 are essentially similar.

The reducing element 22 is in the wall area of the construction container 11 releasably fixed.

Furthermore, the construction container 11 at its opening area 24 at least partially an insert recess 40 on, on which at least partially a correspondingly shaped edge 41 of the reducing element 22 can be attached.

In the case of using a building material storage chamber reducing element 37 can analogously in their opening area 36 the construction material stockroom 13 an engaging element may be arranged, which with a correspondingly shaped counter-element of the building material storage chamber reducing element 37 corresponds. In comparison, in the drawing figure 2 and 3 illustrated variants is summarized that the actuators 12 . 19 each with the invoice unit 21 are connected and the computer unit 21 a control of the actuators 12 . 19 makes a move by relocating the carrier 6 and thus the subcarrier 25 and the relocation of the building material storage box carrier 14 and thus the subcarrier device 39 a targeted sufficient supply of powder above the construction level 15 to reach. The coating device 7 (see. 3 ) should when crossing the building material storage chamber 13 the construction material 3 in the by the lowering of the carrier 6 or the subcarrier 25 created space 51 to fill. The carrier 6 of the construction container 11 and the building material storage chamber carrier 14 the construction material stockroom 13 are so computer controlled displaced that the volume change in the volume reduced space 27 with the volume change in the effective building material storage chamber 13 essentially coincides and / or falls short of.

In a further embodiment of the inventive concept, the subcarrier according to the invention 25 a single or Durchsteckausnehmung 42 on. This can be formed both in the manner of a blind hole (not shown) or in the manner of a through-hole. Wherein in the embodiment as a through-hole, it may be advantageous to the through the insertion and Durchsteckausnehmung 42 in her inner created space 43 in a Durchsteckausnehmung 44 of the carrier 6 to continue. The on or Durchsteckausnehmung 43 is with an opening 45 provided to the recess 23 of the reducing element 22 is aligned. In such a through-hole 42 becomes a sub-object produced in an upstream manufacturing process 46 at least in the interior 43 of the subcarrier 25 arranged so that on one on the construction area 26 of the subcarrier 25 exposed area section 52 (Dashed line) of the subobject 46 a generatively constructed object 1' can be built up in layers. This makes it possible, even long and rod-shaped objects 1 . 1' within small installation spaces 27 and at the same time small amounts of passive (not solidified) building material 3 to need. The insertion and fixing of a partial object 46 is simplified by the fact that at the opening area 45 the single or Durchsteckausnehmung 42 a holding insert 47 for receiving a prefabricated part 46 can be used.

According to drawing figure 5 has the reducer 22 a plurality of recesses 23 on and the subcarrier 25 a corresponding number of construction areas 26 forming surfaces 34 on.

The majority of construction areas 26 each has a lying in a common plane E construction surfaces 34 on. This will allow multiple objects 1 during a building process of the device using a small amount of building material 3 manufacture.

The drawing figures 6a and b provide a variably adjustable recess 23 of the reducing element 22 where in drawing figure 6a an object 1 with a small diameter and in drawing figure 6b an object 1 made with a larger diameter. The quasi serving as a connection surface element 48 of the subcarrier 25 is designed as a separate component and on the subcarrier 25 releasably secured. Depending on whether an object 1 can be constructed generatively with a large or small diameter, can optionally - as in drawing figure 6a shown - in the recess 23 of the reducing element 22 a reducer 49 to reduce the effective recess 23 ' to be ordered. For example, the reducer is 49 with an all-round opening 50 provided, which is the effective recess 23 of the reducing element 22 with reduction insert 49 forms. According to the change in the geometry and / or the diameter of the recess 23 . 23 ' It is advantageous, correspondingly dimensioned and provided with corresponding cross-sections surface elements 48 provide. This adapter principle can also be applied to the subcarrier device 39 and the opening 38 of the building material storage chamber reducing element 37 the construction material stockroom 13 be applied. Alternative to reducer 49 can also reduce elements 22 with different diameters of their recesses 23 can be used, for example. B. the reducing element 22 from drawing figure 6a through the reducing element shown above 22 ' be replaced.

In drawing figure 7 is a plan view of the building chamber 11 according to drawing figure 5 as well as the next to the building chamber 11 arranged material storage chamber 13 shown. It can be seen that the recesses 23 of the reducing element 22 have a rectangular shape and the objects 1 with their at the construction level 15 adjacent surfaces are visible. The recesses 23 are rectangular in the illustrated embodiment, in principle they may also include round, square, hexagonal, etc. shaped circumferential contours. In the construction materials storage chamber 13 is the building material storage chamber reducing element 37 recognizable, with its openings 38 have substantially the same cross-section as the recesses 23 of the reducing element 22 ,

In the drawing figures 8a and 8b are other alternative embodiments of the side walls 28 shown. In 8a is the wall element 29 the side wall 28 pleated and in 8b formed telescopically. The function of the wall elements 29 is always guaranteed, namely that the building material 3 , which is on the subcarrier 25 is not in the area to the side of the subcarrier 25 can get.

In drawing figure 9 is a detail of the drawing figure 2 shown, in addition to the construction area 26 of the subcarrier 25 a build platform 53 is releasably attached. This construction platform 53 can serve both to facilitate the cultivation of the object 1 to ensure and in the wake of the object 1 to be separated, as well as an integral part of the object to be manufactured 1 to build. This is the construction platform 53 in a preferred manner by means of screw connections 54 at the top of the subcarrier 25 detachably mounted. On the top of the build platform 53 becomes the object 1 built up in a layered process. Of course, the build platform 53 also via a centering clamping system (not shown) on the upper side of the auxiliary carrier 25 be mounted. This will allow the build platform 53 easy to place in a predefined orientation when used multiple times. Also the subcarrier 25 can preferably via a Zentrierspannsystem (not shown) on the support 6 to be assembled.

1, 1'

object

2

laser beam

3

construction material

4

carrying device

5

Top v. 6

6

carrier

7

coater

8th

irradiation device

9

laser

10

scanner

11

building container

12

Actuator v. 6

13

Building material storage chamber

14

Building material storage chamber support

15

Building levels level

16

doctor

17

Overflow tank

18

Carrier v. 17

19

Actuator v. 14

20

Actuator v. 18

21

computer unit

22 22 '

reducer

23 23 '

Recess v. 22

24

Opening v. 11

25

subcarrier

26

Construction area v. 25

27

space

28

Side wall

29

wall element

30

sealant

31

unused space

32

Connection plate v. 25

33

End area v. 25

34

Area v. 25

35

Top v. 22

36

Opening area v. 13

37

Baumaterialbevorratungskammerreduzierelement

38

Opening v. 37

39

Subcarrier device v. 13

40

Einsatzausnehmung

41

edge

42

Insertion / insertion recess v. 25

43

inner space

44

Push-through recess V. 6

45

Opening v. 42

46

subobject

47

holding insert

48

interface element

49

reducer

50

opening

51

free space

52

Area section v. 46

53

building platform

54

screw

e

Level v. 34

Claims (33)

Device for producing three-dimensional objects ( 1 ) by successively solidifying layers of a pulverulent, by means of electromagnetic radiation, in particular bundled radiation such as laser radiation ( 2 ) or electron beam solidifiable building material at the respective cross-section of the objects ( 1 ) corresponding locations, the device comprising a carrying device ( 4 ) for carrying the object ( 1 ) on an object ( 1 ) facing top ( 5 ) of a carrier ( 6 ) and a coating device ( 7 ) for applying layers of the building material ( 3 ) on the carrying device ( 4 ) or a previously formed layer, and an irradiation device ( 8th ) for irradiating layers of the building material ( 3 ) to the respective cross section of the object ( 1 ) are provided, the institution ( 6 ) within a building container ( 11 ) is arranged höhenverlagerbar, characterized in that at an opening ( 24 ) of the building container ( 11 ) with at least one recess ( 23 ) provided Reduzierelelement ( 22 ) and on the support ( 6 ) an auxiliary carrier ( 25 ) is releasably secured, wherein the recess ( 23 ) of the reducing element ( 22 ) with a construction area ( 26 ) of the subcarrier ( 25 ) at least temporarily one-sided, to the opening ( 24 ) of the building container ( 11 ) open volume-reduced space ( 27 ) Are defined. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one side wall ( 28 ) of the volume-reduced installation space ( 27 ) substantially perpendicular to the main extension plane of the Reduzierelementes ( 22 ). Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the contour of the recess ( 23 ) of the reducing element ( 22 ) is formed point-symmetrically and / or mirror-symmetrically to the center. Device according to one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the auxiliary carrier ( 25 ) is formed like a column. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the auxiliary carrier ( 25 ) at one end with a connection plate ( 32 ) for connection to the carrier ( 6 ) is provided. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the auxiliary carrier ( 25 ) in the assembled state at its the carrier ( 6 ) opposite end region ( 33 ) an at least partially planar surface ( 34 ) having. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the flat surface ( 34 ) of the subcarrier ( 25 ) parallel or plane parallel to the top ( 35 ) of the reducing element ( 22 ) is aligned. Apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the flat surface ( 34 ) of the subcarrier ( 25 ) during the transfer of the carrier ( 6 ) parallel to the top ( 35 ) of the reducing element ( 22 ) is moved. Device according to one of claims 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that the flat surface ( 34 ) of the subcarrier ( 25 ) Has fastening means, in particular a Zentrierspannsystem. Device according to one of claims 2-9, characterized in that at least one wall element ( 29 ) the at least a part of the side walls ( 28 ) of the volume-reduced installation space ( 27 ) forms integral with the reducing element ( 22 ) is trained. Device according to one of claims 2-10, characterized in that at least one wall element ( 29 ), which at least a part of the side walls ( 28 ) of the volume-reduced installation space ( 27 ), separately to the reducing element ( 22 ) is trained. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the auxiliary carrier ( 25 ) with a single or Durchsteckausnehmung ( 42 ), wherein an opening ( 45 ) of the insertion or insertion recess ( 42 ) to the recess ( 23 ) of the reducing element ( 22 ). Apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the insertion or Durchsteckausnehmung ( 43 ) of the subcarrier ( 25 ) is shaped in the manner of a blind hole. Apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the insertion or Durchsteckausnehmung ( 42 ) of the subcarrier ( 25 ) is formed in the manner of a through-hole and that of the insertion or Durchsteckausnehmung ( 42 ) created space ( 43 ) in a Durchsteckausnehmung ( 44 ) of the carrier ( 6 ) continues. Device according to one of claims 12-14, characterized in that at the opening area ( 45 ) of the insertion or insertion recess ( 42 ) a holding insert ( 47 ) for receiving a prefabricated part ( 46 ) can be used. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reducing element ( 22 ) in the wall area ( 28 ) of the installation space ( 11 ) is releasably fixed. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the construction chamber ( 11 ) at its opening area at least partially with a Einsatzausnehmung ( 40 ), to which at least partially a correspondingly shaped edge of the Reduzierelementes ( 22 ) is attachable. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in addition to the building container ( 11 ) a building material storage chamber ( 13 ) with a height-adjustable building material storage chamber carrier ( 14 ) and at the opening area ( 36 ) the building material storage chamber ( 13 ) a building material storage chamber reducing element ( 37 ) can be arranged with at least one opening. Apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that in the building material storage chamber ( 13 ) a subcarrier of the type described in the preceding claims ( 25 ) formed subcarrier device ( 39 ) on the building material storage chamber carrier ( 14 ) the building material storage chamber ( 13 ) can be used. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reducing element ( 22 ) and / or the building material storage chamber reducing element ( 37 ) with a plurality of recesses ( 23 )/Openings ( 38 ) and the subcarrier ( 25 ) and / or the subcarrier device ( 39 ) a corresponding number of construction areas ( 26 ) forming surfaces ( 34 ) having. Apparatus according to claim 20, characterized in that the plurality of building areas ( 26 ) each a lying in a common plane E build surface ( 34 ) having. Device according to one of claims 18, 19, 20 or 21, characterized in that the reducing element ( 22 ) and the building material storage chamber reducing element ( 37 ) and / or the subcarrier ( 25 ) and the subcarrier device ( 39 ) are formed substantially the same. Device according to one of claims 2-22, characterized in that between the side walls ( 28 ) of the volume-reduced installation space ( 27 ) and the bottom of the volume-reduced installation space ( 27 ) forming subcarriers ( 25 ) Sealant ( 30 ) are arranged. Device according to claim 23, characterized in that the sealing means ( 30 ) on the subcarrier ( 25 ) is attached. Apparatus according to claim 23, characterized ge indicates that the sealant on the side wall ( 28 ) of the volume-reduced installation space ( 27 ) is arranged. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a building area ( 26 ) forming surface element ( 48 ) as a separate component to the subcarrier ( 25 ) is mountable. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the recess ( 23 ) of the reducing element ( 22 ) at least one reducing insert ( 49 ) for reducing the recess ( 23 ' ) can be arranged. Device according to claim 27, characterized in that the reducing insert ( 49 ) an opening enclosed on all sides ( 50 ). Device according to one of claims 18-21, characterized in that the carrier ( 6 ) of the building container ( 11 ) and the building material storage chamber carrier ( 14 ) the building material storage chamber ( 13 ) are computer-controlled so displaced that the volume change in the volume-reduced space ( 27 ) with the volume change in the effective building material storage chamber ( 13 ) substantially matches and / or falls short of. Device according to one of claims 18-29, characterized in that the volume-reduced volume of the building material storage chamber ( 13 ) greater than or equal to the volume-reduced volume of the building container ( 11 ). Device according to one of claims 18-30, characterized in that a limit switch is provided, which is a monitoring of the extreme positions of the carrier ( 6 ), the subcarrier ( 25 ), the subcarrier device ( 39 ) and / or the building material storage chamber carrier ( 14 ). Device system for producing three-dimensional objects ( 1 ) with a device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of differently dimensioned and / or geometrically shaped surface elements ( 48 ) as a separate component to the subcarrier ( 25 ) are mountable. Subcarrier ( 25 ) for releasable attachment to a carrier ( 6 ) of a device according to one of the preceding claims.