DE102008054395A1 - Fixing carbon dioxide, preferably reduction of industrial carbon dioxide emitted from appropriate chemical reactions, involves producing sodium hydroxide through electrolysis of saturated saline solution - Google Patents

Abstract

Carbon dioxide fixation involves producing sodium hydroxide through electrolysis (10) of a saturated saline solution, in which sodium chloride reacts with water to give sodium hydroxide, chlorine and hydrogen gases. The recovered sodium hydroxide is added to sea water, so that magnesium chloride and calcium chloride from sea water react with sodium hydroxide to form magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide. Carbon dioxide gas is introduced into the formed magnesium and potassium hydroxide for receiving magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate.

Description

The The invention relates to a carbon dioxide binding process, in particular a binding process for the reduction of industrially expelled CO2 through appropriate chemical reactions.

It It is known that the atmosphere contains many chemical substances contains, which in normal concentration normally not adversely affect the environment. With industrial development or more and more intensive use of machinery and means of transport More and more chemical substances are ejected, whereby some emission levels exceed standards. In this case, an environmental pollution arises, as far as the concentration a chemical substance exceeded a certain specification Has.

For now there are numerous air contaminants, including the most common, which are also controlled, CO2 (carbon dioxide), CO (carbon monoxide), SO2 (sulfur dioxide), NOx (nitrogen oxides), suspended particles, O3 (Ozone) as well as VOCs (volatile organic compounds).

The Airborne contamination can affect people and the environment directly and indirectly. Directly it affects the health of humans, animals and plants, indirect environmental problems through the formation of acid rain and global warming.

In the atmosphere is dominated by CO2, CH4 and NO2 as the greenhouse gases, which lead to the rise in the earth's temperature. The climatic Warming is currently the most important environmental protection issue become. Reason for this is predominantly the increase of Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, with CO2 in the climatic Warming plays the most important role. In this context is the most urgent problem to solve, such as the CO2 concentration can be reduced in the atmosphere. Are now all countries ready or already in the process, energetic to engage in a reduction of CO2 emissions.

There For one thing, it is currently not possible with the energy supply to forego fossil fuels, on the one hand, the recovery rate of fossil fuel and on the other hand a technology used to absorb, bind and recover CO2, which delays the enhancement of the greenhouse effect can be so people get the "cheap" energy in the transition to future new energies can use.

Under "CO2 binding" is to understand that CO2 stored in certain natural or artificial "media" or by means of physical, chemical and biochemical technologies save hundreds of years. The so-called "media" can z. For example, forests, oceans, strata, artificial Be collective storage or chemical reactors.

The internationally known "large-scale" CO2 sequestration is subdivided into geological sequestration, soil layer sequestration and marine sequestration. The removal, transportation and sequestering costs for one tonne of carbon dioxide are each around $ 5 to $ 115, $ 0.4 to $ 3.2 per hundred kilometers and $ 0.5 to $ 100, with a sequential cost of one tonne of carbon dioxide in a modern cycle power plant cost about $ 13 to $ 37, while the cost of geological sequestration of a ton of carbon dioxide at about 0.5 to 8 US $, the cost of the marine sequestration at about 5 to 30 US $, the cost of earth stratification is around $ 50 to $ 100. See pages 28 to 33 of the article "Carbon Dioxide Storage", written by Lin Zhenguo, published by the Science Development Publishing House in March, 2007, Booth # 413 ,

at the o. g. CO2 sequestering technology is questionable whether suitable "media" for the sequencing are available. She is not herself yet mature enough so that problems with the stability and after-performance monitoring occur.

The The main object of the present invention is development a carbon sequestration process that uses carbon dioxide extensively, sequestered quickly and safely, or the global increase in CO2 concentration slowed down or prevented.

• (1). Natriumhydroxid wird durch Elektrolyse einer satten Kochsalzlösung gemäß der folgenden Formel gewonnen: 2NaCl + 2H2O → 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2;
• (2). Das Natriumhydroxid wird zu Meerwasser hinzugefügt, damit sich das Magnesiumchlorid und Kalziumchlorid im Meerwasser jeweils ins Magnesiumhydroxid und Kalziumhydroxid gemäß der folgenden Formel umwandelt: MgCl2 + 2NaOH → Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl CaCl2 + 2NaOH → Ca(OH)2 + 2NaCl
• (3). Kohlendioxid wird ins magnesiumhydroxid- und kalziumhydroxidhaltige Wasser eingeführt, worauf eine Umwandlung in Magnesiumkarbonat und Kalziumkarbonat gemäß der folgenden Formel erfolgt: Mg(OH)2 + CO2 → MgCO3 + H2O Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O

The invention is understood to be a carbon dioxide sequestering process which proceeds as follows:

• (1). Sodium hydroxide is obtained by electrolysis of a rich saline solution according to the following formula: 2NaCl + 2H2O → 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2;
• (2). The sodium hydroxide is added to seawater so that the magnesium chloride and calcium chloride in the seawater each converts to the magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide according to the following formula: MgCl2 + 2NaOH → Mg (OH) 2 + 2NaCl CaCl 2 + 2NaOH → Ca (OH) 2 + 2NaCl
• (3). Carbon dioxide is introduced into the magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide containing water followed by conversion to magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate according to the following formula: Mg (OH) 2 + CO2 → MgCO3 + H2O Ca (OH) 2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O

At the Carbon dioxide bonding process of the present invention is the in the step (1) called saturated saline a strongly salty lye, which is also a waste product in the Seawater desalination arises.

Of further may be mentioned in the step (1) sodium hydroxide a chloral resulting from the electrolysis of a saline solution be.

1 : Electrolytic scheme of saturated cooking-saline water present invention.

2 : Diagram of the recovery of magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide binding.

Around Object of the invention, technology and function better and more detailed To illustrate, we have the following preferred embodiment attached figures.

The The invention relates to a carbon dioxide bonding process which is as follows is built up: (1). Sodium hydroxide is produced by electrolysis Saline solution to be recovered; (2). The recovered sodium hydroxide is added to seawater to allow the magnesium chloride and calcium chloride in seawater respectively in magnesium hydroxide and Calcium hydroxide converts; (3). Carbon dioxide is added to the magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide-containing water is introduced, followed by the Conversion into magnesium or calcium carbonate takes place.

The said sodium hydroxide (NaOH) may be a by-product of industrial chlorine production. Traditionally, a saturated saline solution is electrolyzed until all the chlorine components have been converted to chlorine gas leaving sodium hydroxide as the residue. The chemical formula is: 2NaCl + 2H2O → 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2

By the electrolysis of the saturated saline solution, which may be a waste product of seawater desalination is the sodium hydroxide necessary for the present invention to withdraw.

since Most of the time seawater desalination has started in the dry East Asian regions. With the rapid commercial development or the rapid increase in Population is becoming aware of the growing need for drinking water not completely covered. That's why you're everywhere the world in search of new sources of water, using this technique mostly initiated by the developed countries.

Of the Most of the earth is covered by oceans. Therefore, the Oceans the most stable water resource in the world. The volume of the oceans stays almost constant and will be independent of the seasons will not diminish in the future either. In addition, the Seawater desalination technology developed so far that seawater become a significant source of water for humanity is.

The seawater desalination technique is a water processing technique that uses the salt water in a low saline fresh water and a strong salty lye, which is to be desalted after, divides. The seawater desalination technology is still partially in the testing. By July 2004, reverse osmosis (47.2% of the global desalination capacity) and MSF distillation (36.5% of the global desalination capacity) were the commonly used desalination technologies.

At the The carbon dioxide bonding process of the present invention may be the lye produced as a waste product during seawater desalination be used to remove sodium hydroxide, the waste recycled, or with the resource environmentally friendly.

The When taking sodium hydroxide resulting chlorine gas is in the PVC production is widely used. As PVC made of ethylene, chlorine and an accelerator and therefore heat-resistant and fireproof remains, finds PVC in the manufacture of electrical cables, optical cables, Shoes, bags, pouches, jewelery, signs, billboards, Decoration, Furniture, Rolls, Pipe stubs, Toys, Curtains, gloves, doors and windows, clothes and medical supplies, cling film, etc. Extensive Application.

After the sodium hydroxide is added to the seawater, the magnesium chloride and calcium chloride in the seawater each convert to magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide according to the following formula: MgCl2 + 2NaOH → Mg (OH) 2 + 2NaCl CaCl 2 + 2NaOH → Ca (OH) 2 + 2NaCl

The components of seawater are listed below. Table 1: Elements of seawater description Percentage (mass percentage) oxygen 85.7 hydrogen 10.8 chlorine 1.9 sodium 1.05 magnesium .1350 sulfur 0.0885 calcium 0.04 potassium 0.0380 bromine 0.0065 carbon 0.0026

By Reaction of the sodium hydroxide with the magnesium chloride and calcium chloride from the sea water that will be for the next reaction necessary magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide won, being the cost of the process of the present invention required raw materials due to the use of natural resources sink to a great extent.

Upon introduction of the industrially expelled carbon dioxide into water containing magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, a reaction takes place between the CO2 and the magnesium hydroxide and between the CO2 and the calcium hydroxide according to the following formulas, from which magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate arise. Mg (OH) 2 + CO2 → MgCO3 + H2O Ca (OH) 2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O

CO2 is successfully bound by the above-mentioned chemical reactions, respectively converted into magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate. In view of the industrial waste (lye after seawater desalination) or by-products (sodium hydroxide from chlorine production), not only is the overall reaction rate much faster compared to the usual physical or biological processes, but overall costs are also greatly reduced.

The resulting from the CO2 binding process of the present invention Calcium carbonate can not only be used for the production of fireproof building material and paint but also for steelmaking, Macromolecular and paper production can be used. The Magnesium carbonate formed can predominantly during production floorboards, fire protection products, fire extinguishing agents, in cosmetics, toothpaste, fillers, smoke dampers in plastics production or as a desiccant after addition of neoprene rubber, as a bowel tightening agent or paint preservatives be used.

The The following embodiments are only for explanation of the present invention, however, limit the invention Not.

Preferred embodiments

Embodiment I

Recovery of sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

As in 1 shown, there is a continuous recovery of the NaOH solution by electrolysis of always inflowing saturated saline or brine, wherein the electrolysis 10 is constantly supplied with 40 A, and a voltage of 1.5 V is applied. In the middle of the electrolysis bath 10 there is an ion exchange membrane 16 and the lye gets through the inlet 12 introduced. As long as the lye goes through the electrolysis bath 10 flows through, takes place at the anode 17 in the electrolysis a reaction according to the formula: 2Cl- → Cl2 + 2e-, wherein chlorine gas escapes at the anode. At the cathode 18 another reaction takes place according to the formula: 2H2O + 2e- → 2OH- + H2, hydrogen being formed at the cathode. The sodium ion (Na +) and the hydroxyl ion (OH-) combine to form the sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH (aq)) that forms the exit 14 expires. From this solution, an average of 58 g of sodium hydroxide per hour have settled after 24 hours.

Recovery of magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide as well as carbon dioxide binding

As in 2 shown, the reaction vessel has 20 over a seawater entrance 22 through which seawater is passed in, a sodium hydroxide entry 24 through which the sodium hydroxide solution obtained in the last step is introduced, as well as a CO2 inlet 26 through which the expelled carbon dioxide is directed. From the introduced seawater, the sodium hydroxide and the carbon dioxide are formed by certain reactions according to the following formulas in the reaction vessel 20 that is on the bottom of the reaction vessel 20 depositing magnesium carbonate / calcium carbonate 29 , where the seawater after the reaction through the sewage outlet 28 flows. MgCl2 + 2NaOH → Mg (OH) 2 + 2NaCl Mg (OH) 2 + CO2 → MgCO3 + H2O CaCl 2 + 2NaOH → Ca (OH) 2 + 2NaCl Ca (OH) 2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O

In this case, the magnesium chloride reacts with the sodium hydroxide, from which magnesium hydroxide is formed, which further reacts with the charged carbon dioxide to form the magnesium carbonate, which is located on the bottom of the reaction vessel 20 settles. The calcium chloride also reacts with the sodium hydroxide, resulting in the calcium chloride, which further reacts with the charged carbon dioxide to form the calcium carbonate, which is located on the bottom of the reaction vessel 20 settles.

With the o. g. On average, 445.9 g of magnesium carbonate are planted and 92.3 g of calcium carbonate from 1 kg of filled seawater, 90 g of sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide produced. It means that converted with 90 g in 1 kg of seawater given sodium hydroxide 277 g of carbon dioxide can be bound.

Carbon dioxide retention costs

On the basis of the above calculation, where 277 g of carbon dioxide can be bound with 90 g of seawater added to 1 kg of seawater in 1 kg of water, the cost of binding 1 ton of carbon dioxide is shown in Table II: Table II: Binding costs for 1 tonne of carbon dioxide Categories Cost in US $ mains supply about 31,511 Attachments about 5.351 business about 1,338 materials about 23,438 other about 1,000 Total about 62,638

Eine chemische Reaktion ist schneller als eine physische Reaktion;

Eine chemische Reaktion ist stabiler als eine physische Reaktion, und eine Lagerung ist sicherer;

Die Lagerung wirkt sich wenig auf die Umwelt aus;

Es fallen keine zukünftigen Überwachungskosten an wie bei einer physischen Kohlendioxidbindung;

Die Materialkosten bei einer Großanwendung lassen sich noch senken;

Die Endprodukte können zusätzliche Werte schaffen.The cost - $ 62,638 for 1 ton of carbon dioxide - is similar to the cost of geological CO2 sequestration, namely $ 50 to $ 100 for 1 ton of carbon dioxide, but it should be noted that the carbon dioxide bonding process still benefits for the following reasons is:

A chemical reaction is faster than a physical reaction;

A chemical reaction is more stable than a physical reaction, and storage is safer;

Storage has little impact on the environment;

There are no future monitoring costs, such as a physical carbon dioxide link;

The material costs for a large-scale application can be reduced even further;

The end products can create additional value.

The The present invention has been described with reference to the above Embodiments described. The description is limited but not the scope of the present invention. All inventions, which also correspond to the principle of the present invention with small changes in the scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is indicated by the following Patent claims determined.

10

electrolysis

12

entry

14

exit

16

Ion-exchange membrane

17

anode

18

cathode

20

reaction vessel

22

Sea water inlet

24

Sodium hydroxide entry

26

CO2 entry

28

Waste water outlet

29

Magnesium carbonate / calcium carbonate

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited non-patent literature

• - Lin Zhenguo, published by the Science Development Publishing House in March, 2007, Booth # 413 [0008]

Claims (4)

A carbon dioxide binding process that proceeds as follows; (1) Sodium hydroxide is obtained by electrolysis from a rich saline solution according to the following formula: 2NaCl + 2H2O → 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2 (2) The recovered sodium hydroxide is added to seawater to convert the magnesium chloride and calcium chloride from the seawater respectively into magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide according to the following formula: MgCl2 + 2NaOH → Mg (OH) 2 + 2NaCl CaCl 2 + 2NaOH → Ca (OH) 2 + 2NaCl (3) Carbon dioxide is introduced into the magnesium and calcium hydroxide-containing water, followed by conversion to magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate according to the following formula: Mg (OH) 2 + CO2 → MgCO3 + H2O Ca (OH) 2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O Carbon dioxide binding process according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that the in step (1) called saturated Saline is a strongly saline lye. Carbon dioxide binding process according to claim 2, characterized characterized in that the liquor in a seawater desalination resulting waste product is. Carbon dioxide binding process according to claim 1, characterized in that the sodium hydroxide mentioned in step (1) a by electrolysis of a resulting in saline Chlorals can be.