DE102008045459A1 - Method for preventing spread of particulate materials in air, comprises applying a mixture comprising glycerin and water on the particulate materials e.g. house dust, skin flakes, food scraps, debris, diesel emissions and pollen - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for preventing spread of particulate materials in air, comprises applying a mixture comprising 2-70 vol.% of glycerin and 30-98 vol.% of water on the particulate materials.

Description

The The present invention relates to a method for preventing the Spread of particulate matter in air.

particulate Material, for example, dust, is formed in many areas of the everyday life. So it arises, for example, in traffic, in industrial production, in mining facilities and on construction sites. Because of the easy spreading of these particles in the air These, however, not only at the place of origin, but are also in remote areas as so-called "far-transported To find particles ". The particulate material Can have a harmful effect on people, Flora and have fauna. It has been known for some time that humans the near a particulate material living source, often are sick and that a longer Exposure to this material too chronic Diseases such as the lungs, eyes and skin lead can.

Around the dissemination of particulate matter in air prevent various methods and compositions have been developed. For example, the use of filters is considered to to prevent the release of the particles directly. In open terrain The basic method is based on the humidification of affected patients Surfaces. For example, water in the form of a applied to fine mist or fine droplets. there A thin wet coating forms on the surface of the treated area.

This simple procedure has disadvantages. Water for humidification is used, evaporates easily and quickly, especially at high Temperatures, whereby the protection thus lasts only a short time.

To overcome In the prior art, water-based mixtures are addressed by this problem used, wherein the water in these mixtures different compounds be added.

So describes GB 677,279 the use of an aqueous mixture of alkylbenzenesulfonates to which a hygroscopic polyhydric alcohol is added to prevent dust formation in the mining industry. The combination of ingredients ensures that effective dust retention is achieved while preventing too rapid evaporation of the applied solution.

In US 5,536,429 A method of treating coal to prevent dust formation is described. In this case, a mixture of a water-miscible polymer, for example polyacrylate or polyacrylamide, and a binder is applied to the substance to be treated. The effect of the mixture, ie control of dust formation and prevention of erosion, is achieved by the overall composition.

Shimizu et al. describe in US 4,428,984 a method of preventing dusting by applying thereto an aqueous solution of a surfactant with a polyhydric alcohol. The effect is achieved by the combination of ingredients, the individual substances have no effect.

The WO 2006/041515 in turn, describes the use of a mixture of glycerin, water and a water-soluble salt for dust control.

In WO 90/15038 is contrary to WO 2006/041515 instead of the water-soluble salt, molasses is used in the composition. Dust binding is achieved here via the molasses.

Sum up It can be said that in the prior art compositions from at least three compounds for binding particulate Material, for example, dust, are used, with the mode of action the compositions of the synergistic interaction of Connections is caused. However, increasing with increasing Number of ingredients also inevitably the burdens for the environment and the cost of the compositions used per se.

Of the The present invention is therefore based on the object, a method to provide for binding of particulate matter, characterized by the use of as few individual components as possible, environmentally friendly and also inexpensive.

This object is achieved by the provision of the method according to the un dependent claim 1.

Surprisingly has been shown that the application of mixtures that only consist of 2 to 70% by volume of glycerol and 30 to 98% by volume of water, on particulate material excellent avoidance its dissemination and thus the use of others Make ingredients unnecessary.

object The present invention is also the use of the said Mixture for binding of particulate material Surfaces.

Brief description of the drawings:

1 Fig. 12 is a graph of grain size distribution of the model substance of a particulate material of 0 to 500 μm.

The The present invention will be described below.

The Process of the present invention is suitable for both particulate To fix and bind material on surfaces, as also the corresponding material that is already in the air, to settle on surfaces.

In the first embodiment is the inventive Mixture applied to the surface to be treated, around the particle-shaped surface located on the surface Material to bind and fix. Mean binding and fixation in this context, that the inventive Mixture adheres to the particulate material and Keeps it moist for a longer period of time. Among other things, it comes to a collapse of the particles, thereby preventing the particles from being transferred to the air become. The duration of fixation or binding depends also from the amount of applied mixture and the outer Conditions, such as temperature and wind speeds, from. Basically, however, the distribution of the particulate Material in the air around a multiple of the time without binder or obtained by conventional binders, postponed, d. H. Overall, the temperature and wind dependence minimized over the prior art compositions.

In The second embodiment becomes particulate Material bound from the air. It separates on surfaces and can then further fixed as described above and be bound.

It has now been shown, the mixtures of 2 to 70 vol .-% glycerol and 30 to 98% by volume of water are excellent, the above to fulfill these tasks. It should be noted that every further ratio of glycerol to water in the above Range can be used, d. H. any amount of glycerin in the range from 2 to 70% by volume is effective in the present invention. To the Example in a further embodiment, mixtures from 5 to 50% by volume of glycerol and 50 to 95% by volume of water or else 5 used up to 35 vol .-% glycerol and 65 to 95 vol .-%. The amounts glycerine and water are always complementary to 100% by volume, d. H. There are no other substances or compounds in the mixture.

each Commercially available glycerine can be used in the present invention be used. Suitably, the amounts Purity of glycerin to ≥ 85% or ≥ 95%. In In another embodiment, the purity of glycerol is ≥ 98%, ≥ 99% or ≥ 99.5%. In another embodiment the purity of glycerol is 99.8%. In one embodiment, which correlates with the percentages given above, if the 100% missing remainder is water, which at the calculation of the above stated proportions should be considered.

The Water can be any conventional water. So can to Example, but not limited to, water from wells, Streams, rivers, ponds, lakes, deionized Wet or tap water can be used. The content of possibly dissolved substances in the water should be <2 wt .-%, for example <1.5 wt .-%. In further embodiments of the present invention the content of any dissolved substances <1 wt .-%, <0.5 wt .-% or 0% by weight.

The Preparation of the mixture may be by conventional methods be achieved, for example, by mixing the corresponding Mix glycerol and water with stirring in a suitable Vessel.

The to be used mixture has an adhesion on the surface of the particulate matter, it is caused by excessive Moisture absorption is not diluted and loses through Drying processes do not have that much moisture that its Adhesive and adhesive effect is lost. This results in u. a. the particular effectiveness of the mixture according to the invention.

A particular advantage of the method of the present invention is that only two substances are present in the mixture used and still a surprising effect can be achieved. In addition, the. used starting materials glycerol and Nasser ecologically extremely advantageous compounds. For one thing, both substances are non-toxic. Glycerine is also a renewable raw material, which is obtained as a by-product in large quantities in biodiesel production, for example. It is degraded biologically or by (photo) oxidation to CO ₂ and water.

The mixture may be applied in any suitable amount, depending on the external conditions and the particulate material. In one embodiment of the present invention, the mixture may be applied in an amount of 100 to 5000 g / m ² . It is advantageous to use the smallest possible amount, on the one hand still sufficient binding effect is achieved, on the other hand, costs and excessive exposure to the environment are minimized. For example, 200 to 3000 g / m ^{2 of} the mixture can be applied.

The particulate material can through different processes arise. For example, by mechanical treatment of solids, by physical influences on solids, by chemical Reactions in the atmosphere under particle formation, by Whirling up of particles. By way of example, soil erosion, Volcanism, seas, sandstorms, pollen, forest and bush fires, industrial processes, energy production, transport, agriculture, Building activity and budget, but without mentioning it to be limited.

Especially intended to be particulate material, for example, on paved and unpaved roads, forest roads, dirt roads, construction sites, waste dumps, Quarries, gravel blankets, sand pits, desert margins or be tied up in gardens. The aforementioned list is not considered exhaustive. Rather, it can the present procedure on all publicly available Surfaces are used.

The particulate material may be any material whose Particles a size in the range of 0.1 to 2000 microns to have. In one embodiment, the particulate Material a size in the range of 0.1 to 1000 microns, for example, 0.1 to 500 microns or 0.1 to 200 microns. In a further embodiment, the particulate Material a size <100 microns or less than 10 microns. In a further embodiment, the above lower limit also <0.01 μm or be smaller.

The particulate material can be any organic or inorganic Be material that is on the above surfaces can be located and in the appropriate size range lies. In one embodiment, the particulate to be bound is Material dust.

dust can be used as a collective name for the finest solid particles (particles) act, which in spirits, especially in the air stirred up long Time can float. Dust particles can get out organic or inorganic materials. By way of example, without being limited to it, as dust House dust; Granules or dust; Dander; Food waste; Abrasive material, for example tires, brake pads, Road surface; Diesel emissions; Bee pollen; Bacteria; Fungal spores; inorganic fibers, for example asbestos, Glass wool; organic fibers, for example cotton dust; Mineral fibers; Coal; Earth; Soot; Be called smoke or sand.

The inventive method is applied by the mixture of glycerol and water on the particulate material is applied. Applying in this context means that the mixture applied in a conventional manner becomes. For example, the mixture may be prepared using a spray device, a nebulizer, a tanker or an airplane be applied. The liquid mixture is fine applied distributed on the particulate material. In In one embodiment, the mixture is in the form of a mist applied using the aforementioned measures. fog means that the particles of the mixture are too small particles be blown.

The Mixture can be applied at any temperature at which the Mixture is liquid and not too high viscosity shows, so that it is easy to handle. For example, the mixture with a temperature> -5 ° C be applied.

The Invention is further illustrated by the following example, but not limited thereto.

Examples

To evaluate the binding effect of the mixture of the present invention compared to conventionally used mixtures, the solutions shown in Table 1 were prepared. The glycerine used was a technical glycerol from BDI Biodiesel Kärnten GmbH with a glycerol content of 96.5% by weight, water and traces (<0.4% by weight) of ester and methanol. Tab. 1: Solutions for dust binding example Substance 1 Substance 2 water comment A Without without 100.0% not according to the invention B 0.5% polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether without 99.5% not according to the invention C 0.5% glycerin without 99.5% not according to the invention D 0.5% polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether 0.5% glycerin 99.0% not according to the invention e 2.0% glycerin without 98.0% inventively F 5.0% glycerin without 95.0% inventively G 10.0% glycerin without 90.0% inventively H 20.0% glycerol without 80.0% inventively I 35.0% glycerol without 65.0% inventively

As a model substance for a particulate material, a joint sand (joint sand 0-2 mm) from Scherf GmbH was used. The particle size distribution of this substance is given in Table 2 and in 1 shown graphically. Tab. 2: Particle size distribution of the model substance from 0 to 500 μm [76% are> 500 μm; D = particle diameter; K% = accumulated amount of particles of this diameter] DK% 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.15 0.10 0.30 0.20 0.79 0.30 1.24 0.40 1.64 0.50 2.02 0.60 2.38 0.70 2.73 0.80 3.07 DK% 0.90 3.40 1.00 3.72 1.10 4.03 1.20 4.33 1.30 4.62 1.40 4.91 1.60 5.46 1.80 6.00 2.00 6.52 2.20 7.02 DK% 2.40 7.80 2.60 7.96 2.80 8.41 3.00 8.83 3.20 9.24 3.40 9.64 3.60 10.02 3.80 10.40 4.00 10.7 4.30 11.31 DK% 4.60 11.83 5.00 12.53 5.30 13.04 5.60 13:54 6.00 14.21 6.50 15.02 7.00 15.83 7.50 16.62 8.00 17.40 8.50 18.18 DK% 9.00 18.94 10.00 20.44 11.00 22.90 12.00 23.32 13.00 24.70 14.00 25.04 15.00 27.33 16.00 28.59 17.00 29.81 18.00 30.99 DK% 19.00 32.15 20.00 33.27 21.00 34.37 22.00 35.46 23.00 35.53 25.00 33.63 28.00 41.63 30.00 43.50 32.00 45.26 34.00 46.91 DK% 36.00 48.46 38.00 49.93 40.00 51.31 43.00 53.25 45.00 54.48 50.00 57.32 53.00 58.91 56.00 60.43 60.00 62.34 63.00 63.69 DK% 66.00 64.98 71.00 66.96 75.00 68.42 80.00 70.08 85.00 71.58 90.00 72.92 95.00 74.12 100.00 75.20 112.00 77.39 125.00 79.30 DK% 130.00 79.93 140.00 81.05 150.00 82.01 160.00 82.88 170.00 83.73 180.00 84.58 190.00 85.46 200.00 86.35 212.00 87.41 224.00 88.44 DK% 240.00 89.72 250.00 90.47 280.00 92.47 300.00 93.61 315.00 94.36 355.00 96.03 400.00 97.52 425.00 98.22 450.00 98.86 500.00 100.00

1.23 kg of the model substance were placed on a 25 cm diameter watch glass having a surface area of ~ 0.05 m ² and smoothed to give a flat, reproducible surface. The watch glass was turned on a glass plate, so that an even "pile of sand" arises. The solutions from Table 1 were sprayed onto this surface in quantities of 10 to 150 g. This corresponds to an application rate of 200 to 3000 g / m ² .

The treated model substance was on the one hand immediately after Apply the solutions for 5 min to a stream of air from a household blow dryer the brand Phillips "Professional 1600 cool" (cold Air flow, highest level) at a distance foehn exposed to sand pile leading edge of 5 cm. In direct extension the foehn and the model substance became with the air stream transported dust collected and balanced. The smaller the balanced amount is, the more effective the dust-binding effect Solution.

on the other hand The treated model substance was 72 h at 30 ° C in a drying oven dried to the influence of solar heat on the model substance to simulate. Thereafter, the thermally treated model substance became also the airflow of the Haushaltsföhns according to above exposed arrangement shown and the amount of transported Dust determines Tab. 3.

Tab. 3: Results of the efficacy test

a.) Comparison mixtures example Substance from Table 1 application rate Amount of dust immediately after application Amount of dust after 72 h at 30 ° C 1 without without 1.20 g 1.15 g 2 A 200 g / m ² 0.21 g 0.95 g 3 A 3000 g / m ² 0.00 g 0.82 g 4 B 200 g / m ² 0.00 g 0.65 g 5 B 3000 g / m ² 0.00 g 0.43 g 6 C 200 g / m ² 0.00 g 0.55 g 7 C 3000 g / m ² 0.00 g 0.37 g 8th D 200 g / m ² 0.00 g 0.48 g 9 D 3000 g / m ² 0.00 g 0.28 g b.) mixtures according to the invention example Substance from Table 1 application rate Amount of dust immediately after application Amount of dust after 72 h at 30 ° C 10 e 200 g / m ² 0.00 g 0.33 g 11 e 3000 g / m ² 0.00 g 0.25 g 12 F 200 g / m ² 0.00 g 0.15 g 13 F 3000 g / m ² 0.00 g 0.05 g 14 G 200 g / m ² 0.00 g 0.04 g 15 G 3000 g / m ² 0.00 g 0.01 g 16 H 200 g / m ² 0.00 g 0.01 g 17 H 400 g / m ² 0.00 g 0.00 g 18 H 1000 g / m ² 0.00 g 0.00 g 19 I 100 g / m ² 0.00 g 0.00 g 20 I 200 g / m ² 0.00 g 0.00 g 21 I 500 g / m ² 0.00 g 0.00 g

Based The experimental results set out above show that the inventive Blend of glycerol and water an excellent binding effect on the particulate material. So is the worn out Amount of dust shortly after application of the mixture at zero and also after 3 days of drying at 30 ° C shows a Significant improvement in dust binding compared to the compositions from the prior art.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• GB 677279 [0006]
• US 5536429 [0007]
• US 4428984 [0008]
• - WO 2006/041515 [0009, 0010]
• WO 90/15038 [0010]

Claims (12)

A method for preventing the dispersion of particulate matter in air, characterized in that a mixture consisting of 2 to 70% by volume of glycerol and 30 to 98% by volume of water is applied to the particulate material. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the mixture of 5 to 50% by volume of glycerol and 50 to 95% by volume Water exists. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that that the mixture of 5 to 35% by volume of glycerol and 65 to 90% by volume Water exists. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the mixture is applied in an amount of 100 to 5000 g / m ² . Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mixture is at a temperature in the Range of> -5 ° C is applied. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mixture using a spray device, a nebulizer, a tanker or an airplane is applied. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the method is on paved and unpaved Roads, forest roads, dirt roads, construction sites, waste dumps, quarries, gravel paving, Sandpits, desert margins or gardens becomes. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the particulate material an organic or inorganic material. The method of claim 8, wherein the particulate Material is dust. The method of claim 9, wherein the dust is removed from the Group made of house dust; Granules or dust; Dander; Food waste; Abrasive material, for example of tires, brake pads, road surface; Diesel emissions; Bee pollen; Bacteria; Fungal spores; inorganic fibers, for example, asbestos, glass wool; organic fibers, for example Cotton dust; Mineral fibers; Coal; Earth; Soot; Smoke and sand exists, is selected. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the particulate material is a size in the range of 0.1 to 2000 microns. Use of a mixture consisting of 2 to 70 Vol .-% glycerol and 30 to 98 Vol .-% water for the binding of particulate Material on surfaces.