DE102008042051A1 - Device and method for operating a drive with an electrically driven axle - Google Patents
Device and method for operating a drive with an electrically driven axle Download PDFInfo
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- DE102008042051A1 DE102008042051A1 DE102008042051A DE102008042051A DE102008042051A1 DE 102008042051 A1 DE102008042051 A1 DE 102008042051A1 DE 102008042051 A DE102008042051 A DE 102008042051A DE 102008042051 A DE102008042051 A DE 102008042051A DE 102008042051 A1 DE102008042051 A1 DE 102008042051A1
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- electric machine
- axle
- vehicle
- switchable freewheel
- reverse direction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
- B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
- B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
- B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
- B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
- B60L15/2054—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed by controlling transmissions or clutches
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
- B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Vorrichtung und Verfahren für ein Fahrzeug, welches eine elektrische Maschine (103) und eine von dieser elektrischen Maschine (103) antreibbare Achse (101) aufweist. Zwischen der antreibbaren Achse (101) ist eine trennbare mechanische Kopplung vorgesehen. Diese Kopplung ist als schaltbarer Freilauf (102) ausgebildet.Device and method for a vehicle, which has an electric machine (103) and an axle (101) which can be driven by this electric machine (103). Between the drivable axle (101) a separable mechanical coupling is provided. This coupling is designed as a switchable freewheel (102).
Description
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die
Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zum Betrieb
eines Antriebes mit einer elektrisch antreibbaren Achse, beispielsweise
in einem Hybridfahrzeug. Fahrzeuge mit einer hybriden Antriebsstruktur
weisen mindestens zwei Antriebsaggregate auf. Meist sind dies ein
Verbrennungsmotor und mindestens ein Elektromotor. Aber auch der
Einsatz anderer Antriebsaggregate, wie beispielweise Hydraulikmotoren,
ist möglich. So kann das Antriebsmoment während
des Fahrbetriebes des Hybridfahrzeuges von beiden Antriebsaggregaten
oder auch nur von einem einzelnen aufgebracht werden. Aus der
Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung für ein Fahrzeug welches eine elektrische Maschine und eine, von dieser elektrischen Maschine antreibbare Achse aufweist, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die trennbare mechanische Kopplung zwischen der antreibbaren Achse und der elektrischen Maschine als einfaches robustes mechanisches Bauteil ausgeführt ist. Diese trennbare mechanische Kopplung ist als schaltbarer Freilauf ausgeführt. Technischer Hintergrund dieser Ausgestaltung ist, dass die elektrische Maschine von der antreibbaren Achse ab getrennt werden kann. Die Trennung der elektrischen Maschine von der antreibbaren Achse erfolgt mittels des schaltbaren Freilaufs. Entweder ist dieser in Neutral Position, so dass weder ein Drehmoment von der antreibaren Achse auf die elektrische Maschine oder umgekehrt übertragen werden kann. Oder er befindet sich in einer der beiden Übertragungspositionen, in der ein Drehmoment von der antreibbaren Achse auf die elektrische Maschine oder umgekehrt übertragen wird. In diesem Fall werden die antreibende und die angetriebene Welle automatisch voneinander getrennt, sobald die angetriebene Welle eine höhere Drehzahl als die antreibende Welle aufweist. Eventuell notwendige Synchronisationen beim Wechseln der Übertragungspositionen werden mittels der elektrischen Maschine durchgeführt. Vorteil dieser Ausgestaltung ist, dass eine robuste, wartungs- und verschleißfreie und preisgünstige Bauart als Kupplung einsetzbar wird. In verschiedenen Fahrsituationen eines Hybridfahrzeugs ist es vorteilhaft, die elektrische Maschine von der Hinterachse zu trennen. Beispielsweise kann eine elektrische Maschine bei hohen Drehzahlen kein nennenswertes Drehmoment abgeben. Wenn zwischen elektrischer Maschine und der antreibbaren Achse kein Getriebe angeordnet ist, beispielweise aus Platz- oder Kostengründen, so ist es energetisch vorteilhaft, die elektrische Maschine bei hohen Drehzahlen der Antriebsachse abzukoppeln, um ein verlustbehaftetes Mitdrehen der elektrischen Maschine zu vermeiden. Aus dem gleichen Grund ist es vorteilhaft, beim freien Rollen des Fahrzeugs, die elektrische Maschine von der angetriebenen Achse zu trennen. Das freie Rollen des Fahrzeugs wird auch als Segeln bezeichnet.The Inventive device for a vehicle which is an electric machine and one of this electric Machine drivable axle, characterized in that that the separable mechanical coupling between the drivable Axis and electric machine as a simple robust mechanical Component is executed. This separable mechanical coupling is designed as a switchable freewheel. Technical background this configuration is that the electric machine of the can be separated from the drivable axle. The separation of the electric machine from the drivable axle by means of the switchable freewheel. Either this is in neutral position, so neither torque transmitted from the drive shaft to the electric machine or vice versa can be. Or he is in one of the two transfer positions, in which a torque from the drivable axle to the electrical Machine or vice versa. In this case The driving and driven shafts are automatically separated from each other disconnected once the driven shaft has a higher speed as the driving shaft. Any necessary synchronization when changing the transfer positions are using the electrical machine performed. Advantage of this Design is that a robust, maintenance and wear-free and inexpensive design is used as a coupling. In different driving situations of a hybrid vehicle, it is advantageous to disconnect the electric machine from the rear axle. For example an electric machine at high speeds is not worth mentioning Release torque. When between electric machine and the drivable Axis gearbox is not arranged, for example, from Platz- or Cost reasons, so it is energetically advantageous, the electrical Disconnect the machine at high speeds of the drive axle to to avoid lossy co-rotation of the electric machine. For the same reason, it is beneficial when free rolling the Vehicle, the electric machine from the driven axle to separate. The free rolling of the vehicle is also called sailing designated.
In einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung erfolgt die Trennung der elektrischen Maschine von der antreibbaren Achse mittels eines schaltbaren Freilaufes, dessen Sperrichtung ansteuerbar ist. Ein Freilauf ist dazu in der Lage, den Momentenfluss in eine Richtung zu gewähren und in entgegengesetzter Richtung zu sperren. Bei einem schaltbaren Freilauf lässt sich die Sperrrichtung ansteuern und damit beliebig wechseln. Technischer Hintergrund dieser Ausgestaltung ist, dass bei Beschleunigungsvorgängen des Fahrzeugs der Freilauf so geschaltet ist, dass ein Momentenfluss von der elektrischen Maschine auf die Achse möglich ist. Ist die elektrische Maschine bei steigender Drehzahl nicht mehr in der Lage, mehr Moment abzugeben, als für ihre eigene Beschleunigung notwendig ist, so würde sie über die sich drehende Antriebsachse beschleunigt werden. In diesem Moment löst der Freilauf und koppelt die elektrische Maschine ab, sodass kein Antriebsmoment von der sich drehenden Antriebsachse auf die elektrische Maschine übertragen wird. In diesem Fall kann die elektrische Maschine abgebremst werden. Insbesondere kann während des Abbremsvorganges deren Rotationsenergie rekuperiert werden. Bei Rekuperationsvorgängen des Fahrzeugs ist der Freilauf so geschaltet, dass ein Moment von der sich drehenden Antriebsachse in Richtung elektrische Maschine fließen kann. Um diesen Schaltvorgang ruckfrei vornehmen zu können, muss die elektrische Maschine auf eine Drehzahl gleich oder geringfügig über der Drehzahl der antreibbaren Achse beschleunigt werden, um den Freilauf einzuspuren. Vorteilhaft an dieser Ausgestaltung ist, dass ein robustes wartungs- und verschleißfreies und preisgünstiges Maschinenelement als Kupplung einsetzbar wird. Die Ansteuerung beschränkt sich auf das steuerbare Umschalten der Freilaufrichtung. Eine aufwendige Momentenregelung einer Kupplung entfällt dadurch.In a development of the invention, the separation of the electrical Machine from the drivable axle by means of a switchable freewheel, whose blocking direction can be controlled. A freewheel is in the Able to grant the moment flow in one direction and to lock in the opposite direction. At a switchable Freewheel, the reverse direction can be controlled and thus change as desired. Technical background of this embodiment is that when accelerating the vehicle of the Freewheel is switched so that a moment flux of the electric Machine is possible on the axis. Is the electrical Machine no longer capable of increasing speed, more moment as necessary for their own acceleration is, so she would about the rotating drive axle be accelerated. At this moment, the freewheel releases and disconnects the electric machine, so no drive torque transferred from the rotating drive shaft to the electric machine becomes. In this case, the electric machine can be braked. In particular, during the braking process, its rotational energy be recuperated. During recuperation processes of the vehicle the freewheel is switched so that a moment of the rotating drive axle can flow towards the electrical machine. To this Switching operation without jerking, the electrical Machine at a speed equal to or slightly above the speed of the driven axle can be accelerated to the Freewheel einzuspuren. An advantage of this embodiment is that a robust maintenance and wear-free and inexpensive Machine element can be used as a coupling. The control limited on the controllable switching the freewheeling direction. An elaborate Torque control of a clutch is eliminated.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren für ein Fahrzeug, welches eine elektrische Maschine und eine von dieser elektrischen Maschine antreibbare Achse aufweist, wobei eine trennbare mechanische Kopplung zwischen der antreibbaren Achse und der elektrischen Maschine vorgesehen ist, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mechanische Kopplung als schaltbarer Freilauf ausgebildet ist, und der schaltbare Freilauf in Abhängigkeit des Betriebszustandes des Fahrzeuges angesteuert wird. Damit wird vorteilhaft ein ständiges Mitlaufen der elektrischen Maschine vermieden.The method according to the invention for a vehicle which has an electric machine and an axle which can be driven by this electric machine, wherein a separable mechanical coupling between the drivable axle and the electric machine is provided, is characterized in that the mechanical coupling is designed as a switchable freewheel , and the shaltba re freewheeling is controlled depending on the operating condition of the vehicle. This is advantageously avoided a constant running the electric machine.
In einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass mindestens die Betriebszustände des Fahrzeugs „Beschleunigen” und „Rekuperieren” erkannt werden. Technischer Hintergrund dieser Ausgestaltung ist, dass der Beschleunigungsvorgang mittels der elektrischen Maschine unterstützt wird, insbesondere bei niedrigeren Drehzahlen der angetriebenen Achse. Während des Betriebszustandes „Rekuperieren”, wird ebenfalls die elektrische Maschine an die antreibbare Achse angekoppelt. Jedoch wird in diesem Fall ein Drehmoment der sich drehenden Achse auf die elektrische Maschine übertragen, welche somit Bewegungsenergie des Fahrzeugs rekuperieren kann. Vorteil dieser Ausgestaltung ist, dass die elektrische Maschine das Fahrzeug während des Betriebszustandes „Beschleunigen” effizient unterstützt und während des Betriebszustandes des Fahrzeuges „Rekuperieren” kinetische Energie des Fahrzeugs mittels der elektrischen Maschine in elektrische Energie umgewandelt wird.In a development of the invention is provided that at least the operating states of the vehicle "acceleration" and "recuperation" detected become. The technical background of this embodiment is that of Acceleration process supported by the electric machine is driven, especially at lower speeds of the driven Axis. During the operating state "recuperation", is also the electric machine to the driven axle coupled. However, in this case, a torque of the rotating Axis transferred to the electric machine, which thus Can recuperate kinetic energy of the vehicle. Advantage of this Embodiment is that the electric machine the vehicle during the operating state "accelerate" efficiently supported and during the operating state of the vehicle "Rekuperieren" kinetic energy of the vehicle by means of the electric machine into electrical energy is converted.
In einer weiteren Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass während des Betriebszustandes des Fahrzeugs „Beschleunigen”, die Sperrrichtung des schaltbaren Freilaufs derart angesteuert wird, dass eine Übertragung eines Drehmomentes von der elektrischen Maschine auf die antreibbare Achse möglich ist. Technischer Hintergrund dieser Ausgestaltung ist, dass der Beschleunigungsvorgang mittels der elektrischen Maschine unterstützt wird, insbesondere bei niedrigen Drehzahlen der angetriebenen Achse. Vorteil dieser Ausgestaltung ist, dass die elektrische Maschine das Fahrzeug während des Betriebszustandes „Beschleunigen” effizient unterstützt.In A further development of the invention provides that during the operating state of the vehicle "accelerate", the reverse direction of the switchable freewheel is controlled in such a way that a transmission of torque from the electric Machine on the drivable axle is possible. technical Background of this embodiment is that the acceleration process means the electric machine is supported, in particular at low speeds of the driven axle. Advantage of this Embodiment is that the electric machine the vehicle during the operating state "accelerate" efficiently supported.
In einer weiteren Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird, nach erfolgter Beschleunigung der antreibbaren Achse, die elektrische Maschine, durch Rekuperation der Rotationsenergie der elektrischen Maschine, abgebremst. Technischer Hintergrund und Vorteil dieser Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist, dass die kinetische Energie der auslaufenden elektrischen Maschine in elektrische Energie umgewandelt wird und nicht verloren geht. Die elektrische Energie kann einer Batterie oder anderen Verbrauchern über das Versorgungsnetz des Fahrzeugs zugeführt werden.In Another embodiment of the invention is, after successful Acceleration of the driven axle, the electric machine, by recuperation of the rotational energy of the electric machine, braked. Technical background and advantage of this embodiment The invention is that the kinetic energy of the expiring electric machine is converted into electrical energy and not lost. The electrical energy can be a battery or other consumers via the supply network of the Vehicle are supplied.
Eine weitere Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass während des Betriebszustandes des Fahrzeugs „Rekuperieren”, die Sperrrichtung des schaltbaren Freilaufs derart angesteuert wird, dass eine Übertragung eines Drehmomentes von der antreibbaren Achse auf die elektrische Maschine möglich ist. Technischer Hintergrund und Vorteil dieser Ausgestaltung ist, dass die kinetische Energie des Fahrzeugs während des Betriebszustandes des Fahrzeugs „Rekuperieren” mittels des schaltbaren Freilaufs durch die elektrische Maschine in elektrische Energie umgewandelt wird und nicht verloren geht. Die elektrische Energie kann einer Batterie oder anderen Verbrauchern über das Versorgungsnetz des Fahrzeugs zugeführt werden.A Further development of the invention provides that during the operating state of the vehicle "recuperation", the reverse direction of the switchable freewheel is controlled in such a way that a transmission of torque from the drivable Axis on the electric machine is possible. technical Background and advantage of this design is that the kinetic Energy of the vehicle during the operating state of the vehicle "Rekuperieren" means the switchable freewheel through the electric machine in electrical Energy is transformed and not lost. The electric Energy can go over to a battery or other consumers be supplied to the supply network of the vehicle.
Eine weitere Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Ansteuerung der Sperrrichtung des schaltbaren Freilaufes derart vorgenommen wird, dass die Be einflussung der Drehzahl der antreibbaren Achse minimal ist. Technischer Hintergrund dieser Ausgestaltung ist, dass die mechanische Kopplung während der Ansteuerung des schaltbaren Freilaufs nicht übermäßig stark mechanisch beansprucht wird. Vorteil dieser Ausgestaltung ist, dass der Fahrkomfort während der Ansteuerung des schaltbaren Freilaufs nicht beeinflusst wird.A Further development of the invention provides that the control the reverse direction of the switchable freewheel is made in such a way that the influence of the rotational speed of the drivable axle is minimal is. The technical background of this embodiment is that the mechanical coupling during activation of the switchable Freewheel not overly stressed mechanically becomes. Advantage of this design is that the ride comfort during the control of the switchable freewheel is not affected.
In einer weiteren Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die elektrische Maschine vor der Ansteuerung der Sperrrichtung des schaltbaren Freilaufes ein wenig unter, auf oder ein wenig über die Geschwindigkeit der antreibbaren Achse beschleunigt wird. Technischer Hintergrund dieser Ausgestaltung ist, dass dadurch ein sanftes Einkuppeln des schaltbaren Freilaufs ermöglicht wird. Dabei wird entweder die elektrische Maschine auf eine Geschwindigkeit beschleunigt, die ein wenig über der Geschwindigkeit der antreibbaren Achse liegt oder die ein wenig unter der Geschwindigkeit der antreibbaren Achse liegt. Anschließend wird die Geschwindigkeit der elektrischen Maschine der Geschwindigkeit der antreibbaren Achse weiter angenähert. Bei der Ansteuerung der Sperrrichtung des schaltbaren Freilaufs für den Betriebszustand des Fahrzeugs „Beschleunigen” wird zunächst die elektrische Maschine auf eine Geschwindigkeit beschleunigt, die ein wenig unter der Geschwindigkeit der antreibbaren Achse liegt. Bei der Ansteuerung der Sperrrichtung des schaltbaren Freilaufs für den Betriebszustand des Fahrzeugs „Rekuperieren” wird zunächst die elektrische Maschine auf eine Geschwindigkeit beschleunigt, die ein wenig über der Geschwindigkeit der antreibbaren Achse liegt. Vorteil dieser Ausgestaltung sind eine geringe mechanische Belastung des schaltbaren Freilaufs sowie ein erhöhter Komfort während der Ansteuerung des schaltbaren Freilaufs.In A further development of the invention provides that the electric machine before the control of the reverse direction of switchable freewheel a little under, on or a little over the speed of the driven axle is accelerated. technical Background of this embodiment is that thereby a gentle engagement of the switchable freewheel is enabled. It will either the electrical machine accelerates to a speed which is a little above the speed of the drivable ones Axis is or is a bit below the speed of the drivable Axis is. Subsequently, the speed of the Driveable axis speed electric machine further approximated. When controlling the reverse direction the switchable freewheel for the operating condition of the vehicle "accelerate" is First, the electric machine at a speed accelerates a little below the speed of the drivable Axis is. When controlling the reverse direction of the switchable Freewheeling for the operating state of the vehicle "Rekuperieren" is first the electric machine accelerates to a speed which is a little above the speed of the drivable ones Axis is. Advantage of this embodiment are a low mechanical Load of the switchable freewheel and an increased Comfort during control of the switchable freewheel.
In einer weiteren Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass das Verfahren während des Betriebszustandes des Fahrzeugs „Rekuperieren” und bei Vorliegen eines Ereignissignals ein Bremsmoment an der antreibbaren Achse erzeugt wird, und die Sperrrichtung des schaltbaren Freilaufes angesteuert wird. Technischer Hintergrund dieser Ausgestaltung ist, dass während des Betriebszustandes des Fahrzeugs „Rekuperieren” ein zu hohes Bremsmoment, welches insbesondere durch die elektrische Maschine verursacht wird, zu Schlupf an den Antriebsrädern der antreibbaren Achse führt. Dies kann zu einem instabilen fahrdynamischen Fahrverhalten (z. B. Schleudern) des Fahrzeugs führen. Das zu ho he Bremsmoment kann beispielsweise durch einen Fehler im elektrischen Antrieb, insbesondere durch Kurzschliessen der elektrischen Maschine, verursacht sein. Während dieser Situation wird ein hohes Drehmoment über den Freilauf übertragen und ein Umschaltvorgang von „Rekuperieren” auf „Beschleunigen” oder in Neutral Position ist daher nicht möglich. Um den Umschaltvorgang zu ermöglichen muss das über den Freilauf zu übertragende Drehmoment minimiert oder dessen Richtung geändert werden. Dazu wird die antreibbare Achse, beispielweise mittels der Bremsen der an der antreibbaren Achse angebrachten Antriebsräder, kurz und stark abgebremst. In diesem Moment wird der schaltbare Freilauf angesteuert und das fehlerhafte Bremsmoment von der antreibbaren Achse entkoppelt. Die Antriebsräder beschleunigen anschließend über die Fahrstraße. Mittels der wieder vorhandenen Haftreibungskraft ist ein fahrdynamisch sicherer Betrieb möglich. Die kurze Abbremsung der antreibbaren Achse erfolgt als Reaktion auf das Vorliegen eines Ereignissignals. Das Ereignissignal wird von einem Steuergerät abgegeben, wenn ein Fehler im elektrischen Antrieb (insbesondere ein hohes Bremsmoment an der antreibbaren Achse, welches nicht durch die Bremsen der Antriebsräder verursacht ist) diagnostiziert, die elektrische Maschine ein hohes Bremsmoment aufweist, und/oder bevor die elektrische Maschine kurzgeschlossen wird. Vorteil dieser Ausgestaltung ist, dass dadurch ein sicherer Betrieb des Fahrzeugs auch bei hohem Bremsmoment der elektrischen Maschine gewährleistet wird.In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the method during the operating state of the vehicle "Rekuperieren" and in the presence of an event signal, a braking torque is generated on the drivable axle, and the reverse direction of the switchable freewheel is controlled. The technical background of this embodiment is that during the operating state of the vehicle "recuperation" too high Braking torque, which is caused in particular by the electric machine, leads to slip on the drive wheels of the driven axle. This can lead to an unstable driving dynamic driving behavior (eg skidding) of the vehicle. Too high braking torque can be caused for example by a fault in the electric drive, in particular by short-circuiting of the electric machine. During this situation, a high torque is transmitted via the freewheel and switching from "recuperation" to "acceleration" or neutral position is therefore not possible. To enable the switching operation, the torque to be transmitted via the freewheel must be minimized or its direction changed. For this purpose, the drivable axle, for example by means of the brakes mounted on the drivable axle drive wheels, braked short and strong. At this moment, the switchable freewheel is activated and the faulty braking torque is decoupled from the drivable axle. The drive wheels then accelerate over the driveway. By means of the existing static friction force a driving dynamic safe operation is possible. The short deceleration of the drivable axle occurs in response to the presence of an event signal. The event signal is emitted by a control unit when a fault in the electric drive (in particular a high braking torque on the driven axle, which is not caused by the brakes of the drive wheels) diagnoses, the electric machine has a high braking torque, and / or before the electrical Machine is shorted. Advantage of this embodiment is that thereby safe operation of the vehicle is ensured even at high braking torque of the electric machine.
In einer weiteren Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass während der Betriebszustände des Fahrzeuges, während der die elektrische Maschine weder Energie an die antreibbare Achse abgeben noch von der antreibbaren Achse aufnehmen soll, die Sperrrichtung des schaltbaren Freilaufs derart angesteuert wird, dass keine Übertragung eines Drehmomentes von der elektrischen Maschine auf die antreibbare Achse und umgekehrt möglich ist. Wie oben beschrieben, befindet sich dann der Freilauf in Neutral Position. Technischer Hintergrund dieser Ausgestaltung ist, dass die elektrische Maschine von der antreibbaren Achse abkoppelbar ist und damit vorteilhafter Weise die träge Masse nicht in jeder Fahrsituation mitgeschleppt oder beschleunigt werden muss. Insbesondere sind das die Betriebszustände des Fahrzeugs, während der die elektrische Maschine weder Energie an die Achse abgeben noch von der antreibbaren Achse aufnehmen soll.In A further development of the invention provides that during the operating states of the vehicle while the electrical machine neither give energy to the drivable axle should still record from the driven shaft, the reverse direction the switchable freewheel is controlled such that no transmission a torque from the electric machine to the drivable Axis and vice versa is possible. As described above, then the freewheel is in neutral position. technical Background of this embodiment is that the electric machine of the drivable axle can be decoupled and thus advantageously the inertial mass is not dragged along in every driving situation or has to be accelerated. In particular, these are the operating conditions of the vehicle during which the electric machine neither Deliver energy to the axle or pick it up from the drivable axle should.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindungembodiments the invention
Es zeigt It shows
Ausführungsformen der Erfindungembodiments the invention
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNGQUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- - EP 0224144 A1 [0001] EP 0224144 A1 [0001]
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102008042051A DE102008042051A1 (en) | 2008-09-12 | 2008-09-12 | Device and method for operating a drive with an electrically driven axle |
PCT/EP2009/059642 WO2010028904A1 (en) | 2008-09-12 | 2009-07-27 | Device and method for the operation of a drive unit comprising an electrically drivable axle |
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DE102008042051A DE102008042051A1 (en) | 2008-09-12 | 2008-09-12 | Device and method for operating a drive with an electrically driven axle |
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DE102008042051A1 true DE102008042051A1 (en) | 2010-03-18 |
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DE102008042051A Withdrawn DE102008042051A1 (en) | 2008-09-12 | 2008-09-12 | Device and method for operating a drive with an electrically driven axle |
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WO (1) | WO2010028904A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
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WO2014064371A1 (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2014-05-01 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Method for controlling the coupling/uncoupling of a drive machine of a motor vehicle |
WO2014087097A1 (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2014-06-12 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Method for controlling the coupling/decoupling of a traction machine of a motor vehicle |
DE102010022749B4 (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2017-01-12 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Method for controlling a motor vehicle with dual-clutch transmission |
CN109823197A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-05-31 | 山东理工大学 | A kind of compound energy and its control system of vehicle mounted electric dynamic formula flying wheel battery and lithium dynamical battery |
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EP0224144A1 (en) | 1985-11-28 | 1987-06-03 | Adam Opel Aktiengesellschaft | Motor vehicle with a main drive axle and an additional drive axle |
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JP2000035061A (en) * | 1998-07-16 | 2000-02-02 | Ntn Corp | Power intermittent device for hybrid vehicle |
DE60331826D1 (en) * | 2002-05-22 | 2010-05-06 | Jtekt Corp | FRONT AND REAR WHEELED VEHICLE |
JP2007210400A (en) * | 2006-02-08 | 2007-08-23 | Ntn Corp | Motor-driven rotation transmission controller for vehicle |
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2008
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EP0224144A1 (en) | 1985-11-28 | 1987-06-03 | Adam Opel Aktiengesellschaft | Motor vehicle with a main drive axle and an additional drive axle |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102010022749B4 (en) * | 2009-06-25 | 2017-01-12 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Method for controlling a motor vehicle with dual-clutch transmission |
WO2014064371A1 (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2014-05-01 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Method for controlling the coupling/uncoupling of a drive machine of a motor vehicle |
FR2997362A1 (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2014-05-02 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | METHOD FOR CONTROLLING COUPLING / DECOUPLING A TRACTION MACHINE OF A MOTOR VEHICLE |
WO2014087097A1 (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2014-06-12 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Method for controlling the coupling/decoupling of a traction machine of a motor vehicle |
FR2999140A1 (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2014-06-13 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | METHOD FOR CONTROLLING COUPLING / DECOUPLING A TRACTION MACHINE OF A MOTOR VEHICLE |
CN104981368A (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2015-10-14 | 标致·雪铁龙汽车公司 | Method for controlling the coupling/decoupling of a traction machine of a motor vehicle |
CN104981368B (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2017-09-05 | 标致·雪铁龙汽车公司 | The connection of motor vehicles actuating unit/disconnected connection control method |
CN109823197A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-05-31 | 山东理工大学 | A kind of compound energy and its control system of vehicle mounted electric dynamic formula flying wheel battery and lithium dynamical battery |
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