DE102008034545B4 - Three-dimensional hydrophilic porous structures for fuel cell plates and methods of manufacture - Google Patents
Three-dimensional hydrophilic porous structures for fuel cell plates and methods of manufacture Download PDFInfo
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- DE102008034545B4 DE102008034545B4 DE102008034545.8A DE102008034545A DE102008034545B4 DE 102008034545 B4 DE102008034545 B4 DE 102008034545B4 DE 102008034545 A DE102008034545 A DE 102008034545A DE 102008034545 B4 DE102008034545 B4 DE 102008034545B4
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0206—Metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0232—Metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0236—Glass; Ceramics; Cermets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0239—Organic resins; Organic polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
Brennstoffzellenbipolarplatte (10) mit einem Reaktandengasströmungsfeld, das in zumindest einer Seite derselben definiert ist, wobei das Reaktandengasströmungsfeld durch mehrere Stege (14) und Kanäle (12) definiert ist, und einer dreidimensionalen, porösen, hydrophilen Struktur (18d), die zumindest einen der Kanäle im Wesentlichen füllt.A fuel cell bipolar plate (10) having a reactant gas flow field defined in at least one side thereof, wherein the reactant gas flow field is defined by a plurality of lands (14) and channels (12) and a three-dimensional porous hydrophilic structure (18d) comprising at least one of Essentially fills channels.
Description
TECHNISCHES GEBIETTECHNICAL AREA
Das Gebiet, das die Offenbarung allgemein betrifft, umfasst Brennstoffzellenkomponenten mit dreidimensionalen hydrophilen porösen Strukturen zur Verwendung mit festen Brennstoffzellenplatten.The field generally pertaining to the disclosure includes fuel cell components having three-dimensional hydrophilic porous structures for use with solid fuel cell plates.
HINTERGRUNDBACKGROUND
Es ist bekannt, dass Brennstoffzellen Kollektorplatten, wie Bipolar- oder Unipolarplatten aufweisen, die dazu dienen, Elektronen zu sammeln, die durch den Verbrauch von Brennstoff durch die Brennstoffzelle erzeugt werden, und um Brennstoffzellenreaktandengase durch Reaktandengasströmungsfelder zu liefern. Diese Reaktandengasströmungsfelder sind durch einen oder mehrere Kanäle definiert, die in einem festen Substrat, das typischerweise aus einem Metall- oder Kompositmaterial besteht, maschinell bzw. spanabhebend bearbeitet, geprägt bzw. gestanzt, geätzt, geformt oder anderweitig vorgesehen worden sind. Die Kollektorplatten können benachbart eines Diffusionsmediummaterials vorgesehen sein, das typischerweise ein poröses Material ist, wie Kohlepapier. Alternativ dazu kann bei einigen Anordnungen die Kollektorplatte einen direkten Kontakt mit einer katalytischen Elektrode bilden. Optional dazu kann eine mikroporöse Schicht unter der Gasdiffusionsmediumschicht liegen und eine katalytische Elektrode kann unter der mikroporösen Schicht oder der Gasdiffusionsmediumschicht liegen. Unterhalb der ersten katalytischen Elektrode ist eine Polyelektrolytmembran vorgesehen, und es ist eine zweite katalytische Elektrode vorgesehen, die unter einer zweiten Seite der Polyelektrolytmembran liegt. Es kann eine zweite mikroporöse Schicht vorgesehen sein, die unter der zweiten katalytischen Elektrode liegt, und eine zweite Gasdiffusionsmediumschicht liegt unter der zweiten mikroporösen Schicht oder der zweiten katalytischen Elektrode. Es ist eine zweite Kollektorplatte vorgesehen, die unter der zweiten Gasdiffusionsmediumschicht liegt. Die zweite Kollektorplatte weist auch ein durch mehrere Kanäle und Stege definiertes Reaktandengasströmungsfeld auf. Die Stege bilden einen physikalischen Kontakt mit der Gasdiffusionsmediumschicht.It is known that fuel cells have collector plates, such as bipolar or unipolar plates, which serve to accumulate electrons generated by the consumption of fuel by the fuel cell and to supply fuel cell reactant gases by reactant gas flow fields. These reactant gas flow fields are defined by one or more channels machined, stamped, etched, molded, or otherwise provided in a solid substrate, typically made of a metal or composite material. The collector plates may be provided adjacent to a diffusion media material, which is typically a porous material, such as carbon paper. Alternatively, in some arrangements, the collector plate may make direct contact with a catalytic electrode. Optionally, a microporous layer may be under the gas diffusion media layer and a catalytic electrode may be under the microporous layer or the gas diffusion media layer. Below the first catalytic electrode is provided a polyelectrolyte membrane, and a second catalytic electrode is provided which lies under a second side of the polyelectrolyte membrane. There may be provided a second microporous layer underlying the second catalytic electrode and a second gas diffusion media layer underlying the second microporous layer or the second catalytic electrode. There is provided a second collector plate underlying the second gas diffusion media layer. The second collector plate also has a reactant gas flow field defined by a plurality of channels and lands. The lands form physical contact with the gas diffusion media layer.
Um ein Wassermanagement in Brennstoffzellen zu ermöglichen, ist es erwünscht, auf Bipolarplattenoberflächen eine Hydrophilie einzuführen. Eine Behandlung einer Bipolarplattenoberfläche, um eine Oberflächenhydrophilie einzuführen, kann mit einem anfänglichen Wasserkontaktwinkel von nicht mehr als 15° (Superhydrophilie) erreicht werden; mit einer Haltbarkeit, so dass der Wasserkontaktwinkel stabil genug ist, damit er während der Lebensdauer der Brennstoffzellen 15° nicht überschreitet; und die hydrophile Behandlung beeinträchtigt den Kontaktwiderstand der Platten nicht über ein akzeptables Niveau hinaus.In order to enable water management in fuel cells, it is desirable to introduce hydrophilicity on bipolar plate surfaces. Treatment of a bipolar plate surface to introduce surface hydrophilicity can be achieved with an initial water contact angle of not more than 15 ° (superhydrophilicity); with a durability such that the water contact angle is stable enough so that it does not exceed 15 ° during the lifetime of the fuel cells; and the hydrophilic treatment does not affect the contact resistance of the plates beyond an acceptable level.
Bisher sind Siliziumdioxidbeschichtungen verwendet worden, um in Abschnitte von Bipolarplatten hydrophile Eigenschaften einzuführen. Jedoch bestehen bei derartigen und anderen organisch basierten hydrophilen Beschichtungen folgende Nachteile: schlechte Anhaftung (unter entweder feuchten oder trockenen Bedingungen) auf Substraten, wie rostfreiem Stahl; eine Kontamination aufgrund der hohen Oberflächenenergie der superhydrophilen Oberfläche, die durch weniger hydrophile Schmutzstoffe leicht kontaminiert wird; eine Lösung, bei der sich das Siliziumdioxid in der Brennstoffzellenumgebung über Reaktion mit Membranabbau durch Produkte, wie HF, lösen kann; ein thermischer Abbau, bei dem Beschichtungen, wie organische Beschichtungen, indem sie wiederholt Temperaturen von 90° und darüber und wiederholt trockenen und feuchten Zyklen ausgesetzt werden, altern, was zu einer Umorientierung der hydrophilen Gruppen an der oberen Fläche derartiger Beschichtungen führt, wodurch deren Hydrophilie reduziert wird; elektrochemischer Abbau, bei dem bestimmte hydrophile Gruppen in der Substitutionsumgebung einer Brennstoffzelle elektrochemisch aktiv sein und sich abbauen können.So far, silica coatings have been used to introduce hydrophilic properties into sections of bipolar plates. However, such and other organic based hydrophilic coatings have the following disadvantages: poor adhesion (under either wet or dry conditions) to substrates such as stainless steel; contamination due to the high surface energy of the superhydrophilic surface, which is easily contaminated by less hydrophilic contaminants; a solution in which the silica in the fuel cell environment can dissolve through reaction with membrane degradation by products such as HF; thermal degradation, in which coatings, such as organic coatings, are repeatedly exposed to temperatures of 90 ° and above and repeated dry and wet cycles, resulting in a reorientation of the hydrophilic groups on the top surface of such coatings, thereby increasing their hydrophilicity is reduced; electrochemical degradation in which certain hydrophilic groups in the substitution environment of a fuel cell can be electrochemically active and degrade.
Ferner sind aus den Druckschriften
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG BEISPIELHAFTER AUSFÜHRUNGSFORMEN DER ERFINDUNGSUMMARY OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
Eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung umfasst eine Brennstoffzellenkollektorplatte mit einem Reaktandengasströmungsfeld, das darin durch mehrere Kanäle und Stege definiert ist und einer dreidimensionalen porösen hydrophilen Struktur umfasst, die die Kanäle im Wesentlichen füllt.One embodiment of the invention includes a fuel cell collector plate having a reactant gas flow field defined therein by a plurality of channels and lands and comprising a three-dimensional porous hydrophilic structure that substantially fills the channels.
Andere beispielhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden aus der nachfolgenden detaillierten Beschreibung offensichtlich.Other exemplary embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description.
KURZE BESCHREIBUNG DER ZEICHNUNGENBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Beispielhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden aus der detaillierten Beschreibung und den begleitenden Zeichnungen besser verständlich, in welchen:Exemplary embodiments of the invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, in which:
DETAILLIERTE BESCHREIBUNG BEISPIELHAFTER AUSFÜHRUNGSFORMENDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS
Eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung umfasst ein Verfahren zum Einführen von Hydrophilie in Strömungskanäle von Bipolar- oder Unipolarplatten. Es werden dreidimensionale poröse hydrophile Strukturen in den Strömungskanälen von Kollektorplatten angeordnet oder darin geformt. Die dreidimensionalen Strukturen besitzen miteinander verbundene poröse Strukturen. Die Porosität der dreidimensionalen Strukturen kann durch ein Mittel zur Erzeugung von Porosität vorgesehen werden, das ein Porogen oder Treibmittel aufweisen kann, jedoch nicht darauf beschränkt ist, das eine poröse offenzellige Struktur erzeugt. Das Porogen kann ein beliebiges Material sein, das später durch Ätzen, Lösen oder durch Erwärmen des Porogens entfernt werden kann, um zu bewirken, dass dieses aus der dreidimensionalen Struktur herausfließt. Geeignete Treibmittel können beliebige Treibmittel aufweisen, die dem Fachmann bekannt sind und mit Polymeren, keramischen oder metallischen Materialien anwendbar sind.One embodiment of the invention includes a method of introducing hydrophilicity into flow channels of bipolar or unipolar plates. Three-dimensional porous hydrophilic structures are disposed in or formed in the flow channels of collector plates. The three-dimensional structures have interconnected porous structures. The porosity of the three-dimensional structures may be provided by a porosity-generating means which may include, but is not limited to, a porogen or propellant which produces a porous open-celled structure. The porogen may be any material that can later be removed by etching, dissolving, or heating the porogen to cause it to flow out of the three-dimensional structure. Suitable propellants may include any propellant known to those skilled in the art and applicable to polymers, ceramic or metallic materials.
Nun Bezug nehmend auf
Bei einer anderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann die dreidimensionale hydrophile poröse Struktur außerhalb unter Verwendung einer Form mit einer identischen Geometrie wie die Strömungskanäle
Die dreidimensionale poröse Struktur ist keine Gasdiffusionsmediumschicht. Die Gasdiffusionsmediumschicht umfasst typischerweise Kohlefasern in der Form von Kohlepapier oder -filz.The three-dimensional porous structure is not a gas diffusion medium layer. The gas diffusion media layer typically comprises carbon fibers in the form of carbon paper or felt.
Nun Bezug nehmend auf
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DE102016224927A1 (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2018-06-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for producing a flow plate for a fuel cell |
DE102019209766A1 (en) | 2019-07-03 | 2021-01-07 | Audi Ag | Fuel cell plate, bipolar plate and fuel cell device |
TWI767579B (en) | 2021-02-22 | 2022-06-11 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | Close-end fuel cell and anode bipolar plate thereof |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5641586A (en) * | 1995-12-06 | 1997-06-24 | The Regents Of The University Of California Office Of Technology Transfer | Fuel cell with interdigitated porous flow-field |
US20070072049A1 (en) * | 2005-09-28 | 2007-03-29 | Atsushi Sadamoto | Fuel cell and fuel cell system |
DE112005002778T5 (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2007-08-30 | General Motors Corp., Detroit | Hydrophilic surface modification of bipolar plates |
EP1626454B1 (en) * | 2000-10-23 | 2008-03-19 | General Motors Corporation | Fuel cell with convoluted Membrane Electrode Assembly |
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Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5641586A (en) * | 1995-12-06 | 1997-06-24 | The Regents Of The University Of California Office Of Technology Transfer | Fuel cell with interdigitated porous flow-field |
EP1626454B1 (en) * | 2000-10-23 | 2008-03-19 | General Motors Corporation | Fuel cell with convoluted Membrane Electrode Assembly |
DE112005002778T5 (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2007-08-30 | General Motors Corp., Detroit | Hydrophilic surface modification of bipolar plates |
US20070072049A1 (en) * | 2005-09-28 | 2007-03-29 | Atsushi Sadamoto | Fuel cell and fuel cell system |
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